#a history of delta igbo people

[okwuid]

The Ekumeku Movement Explained

Igbo Culture

How this Igbo group resisted British domination for 30 years During Britain’s colonisation of Nigeria, one of the most prolonged and drawn-out conflicts was against the Ekumeku. A movement fought by the Anioma, an Igbo subgroup, and their neighbouring Igbo allies. So, what sparked the beginning of the movement?  As the British looked to complete their colonial domination of the people within…

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#30 years ekumeku #a history of delta igbo people #adiele afigbo #akwa ocha #ANIOMA #British native courts #colonialism in nigeria #delta igbo #delta igbo history #EKUMEKU #EKUMEKU WARRIORS #igbo #igbo anime #igbo culture #igbo essays #igbo history #igbo nigerian history #igbo resistance to colonialism #igbo wardfare #Ika Igbo #native courts #nigeria #ogwashi-ukwu #pan igbo #pan-igbo studies

[readyforevolution]

The Igbuzo (Ibusa) Kingdom:: Tracing the Roots of a Brave Igbo Community in Delta State, Nigeria"

Igbuzo, also known as Ibusa, is a vibrant Igbo community nestled in Delta State, Nigeria. Its roots can be traced back to around 1450 when waves of Igbo migrants embarked on a journey westward, ultimately leading to the formation of Igbuzo.

The name "Ibusa" is derived from "Igbo bi n'ụzọ," meaning "Igbos that live by the wayside" or "Were you the first to settle here?" This moniker was bestowed upon them by neighboring communities such as Ogwashi-Uku, Asaba, Oko, Ilah, and Okpanam, as well as European missionaries who struggled to pronounce the community's original name.

Historians believe that a group of settlers who embarked on a journey from Benin alongside Ezechima, heading eastward, may have found their final settlement in Igbuzo. It is speculated that these settlers, either due to illness or a lack of interest in continuing their journey, assimilated into the existing Umejei and Edini groups in Igbuzo.

Ibusa comprises two distinct units: the Umejei and Ogboli settlements. According to oral history, Umejei Nwa Eze Isu, the prince of Isu, was involved in a wrestling bout that resulted in the death of his opponent. Traditionally, this act was considered an abomination punishable by death. However, Umejei's father, the king of Isu, commuted his son's sentence, and Umejei was exiled with a gourd given to him by his father. He was instructed to settle wherever the gourd dropped, leading him to establish Igbuzo at the present site of Ani-Oshe in Omeze.

In another tale, Odaigbo of Nshi (Nri) had relations with one of his father's wives, which usually carried a mandatory death sentence. However, Eze Nshi spared Odaigbo's life and instead exiled him, accompanied by his father, mother, and younger brother, Edini. Each of them carried a pot and charms, instructed by Eze Nshi to settle wherever the pot fell. Edini's pot landed at Ani-Nshi (Nri) Ogboli in Ibusa, while Odaigbo's pot dropped at the current site of Ogwashi-Uku, where he settled. The groups of Edini and Umejei eventually merged to form Ibusa, with the Ogboli community becoming part of the larger Nri (Nshi) community.

Ibusa is renowned among the Igbo and Anioma people of Delta State for their courageous spirit, often described as "Isu (Igbuzo) fu ogu ju nni," meaning "Ibusa people who refuse food to fight wars." This statement exemplifies their bravery in times of conflict. Researchers are currently delving into the history of wars fought by the Igbuzo people, particularly in the homes of their kinsmen in Nnewi, Anambra State, to uncover any historical connections between the two communities.

#blacktumblr #igbo #igbuzo #ibusa #nigeria #africa #black history #black liberation #african history

[ker4unos]

WEST AFRICAN RESOURCES

The Anthropological Masterlist is HERE.

West African is an African region that spans the western part of the continent. 

AGNIS ─ “The Agnis, or Anyi, people are an African people. They are native to the Ivory Coast.” ─ Anyi Information

AKAN ─ “The Akan people are an African people. They are native to Ghana and the Ivory Coast.” ─ Pre-Colonial History of Ghana ─ Modern-Day Akan ─ Akan Dictionary

ANNANG ─ “The Annang, or Anaang, people are an African people. They are native to southern Nigeria.” ─ Annang Dictionary

ASHANTI ─ “The Ashanti, or Asante, people are an African people. They are native to the Ashanti region in Ghana.” ─ Ashanti Information ─ Ashanti Culture ─ Ashanti History

BAMBARA ─ “The Bambara people are an African people. They are native to West Africa.” ─ Bambara Art ─ Bambara Language (in French)

BASSARI ─ “The Bassari people are an African people. They are native to the Kédougou region of Senegal.” ─ Bassari Language (in French)

EWE ─ “The Ewe people are an African people. They are native to the coastal areas of West Africa.” ─ Ewe Information ─ The Anlo-Ewe People ─ The Adze in Ewe Mythology

FON ─ “The Fon, or Dahomey, people are an African people. They are native to south Benin and southwest Togo and Nigeria.” ─ The Dahomey Amazons

IBIBIO ─ “The Ibibio people are an African people. They are native to the coasts of southern Nigeria.” ─ Ibibio Language Resources ─ Ibibio Masks

IGBO ─ "The Igbo, or Ibo, people are an African people. They are native to Nigeria.” ─ Igbo Culture ─ Igbo Dictionary

ISOKO ─ “The Isoko people are an African people. They are native to the Isoko region in Nigeria.” ─ Isoko Information ─ Isoko Culture and History ─ Isoko Dictionary

KONGO ─ “The Kongo people are an African people. They are native to the Atlantic coast of central Africa.” ─ Kongo Language Resources ─ Kongo Dictionary

KONO ─ “The Kono people are an African people. They are native to the Kono District in eastern Sierra Leone.” ─ Kono Culture and Rituals

NIGERIAN ─ “The Nigerian people are an African people that share the Nigerian culture. They are native to Nigeria.” ─ Nigerian Information ─ Colonial Nigeria

SERER ─ “The Serer, or Seereer, people are an African people. They are native to Senegal.” ─ Serer Information ─ Serer Language

TALLENSI ─ “The Tallensi, or Talensi, people are an African people. They are native to northern Ghana.” ─ Tallensi Culture ─ Tallensi Development and Culture

URHOBO ─ “The Urhobo people are an African people. They are native to the Niger Delta in Nigeria.” ─ Ughelli Kingdom Information ─ Urhobo Dictionary

VODUN ─ “Vodun, or Vodon, is a West African religion. It originates in West Africa.” ─ Christians and Vodun

YORUBA ─ “Yoruba, or Isese, is a West African religion. It originates in southwestern Nigeria.” ─ The Yoruba People ─ Yoruba Culture (in Spanish) ─ Yoruba Mythology

#resources #agnis #akan #annang #ashanti #bambara #bassari #ewe #fon #ibibio #igbo #isoko #kongo #kono #nigerian #serer #tallensi #vodun #yoruba #west african

[kemetic-dreams]

THE ORIGIN/HISTORY OF IKWERRE PEOPLE:

The Ikwerre (natively known as Iwhuruọha are one of the Igbo Subgroups in Rivers State. Traditional history has classified Ikwerre into seven groups called "Ikwerre Essa". They are Elele, Isiokpo, Rumuji, Emohua, Choba, Aluu Igwuruta and Obio group. This division was recognized by Forde and Jones; (1950) in their ethnographic study of the Igbo speaking peoples of South Eastern Nigeria

Some Ikwerre people migrated from Ika a subgroup of Igbos in Delta State and Edo state while some migrated from Ngwa, Arochukwu and Ohaji/Egbema.

The Aro first came into the Ikwerre area through Ozuzu-Etche, settling at Isiokpo, Igwuruta, Omagwa, etc. As expected of pre-literate African societies, the history of the people is wrapped in myth and mystery. This presupposes that historians may have to resort to oral tradition for the justifiable/credible reconstruction of the people's history. From the post-colonial dispensation to the present, professional historians and other personals have attempted to reconstruct the history of the people. For instance, the works of Elechi Amadi, especially The Concubine, The Great Ponds, The Slave (novels) and Isiburu (a verse play) are a literary attempt at reconstructing a semblance of the Ikwerre society in the pre-colonial era.

When Port Harcourt was conquered by Nigeria during the Biafran War and the Igbo people from other parts of Igboland fled the territory, a UN report says that the Ikwerre decided to claim that the Ikwerre were non-Igbo for convenience. The Ikwerre are recognized officially as a separate group in the 1979 Nigerian Constitution.

It was about that time that names of places and those of some individuals began to change to reflect a new era in the Ikwerre history. Examples are:

Umu changed to Rumu,

Mu na chi changed to Manuchi,

Nwike changed to Wike,

ObiAkpo changed to ObiakpO,

Chidimma changed to Chiburuoma,

Nwa changed to Nwo.

Ezenwa changed to Ezenwo.

Nwakpa/Nwekpa changed to Wekpa etc.

Meanwhile, from Elechi Amadi, in his earlier narrative related that before these repudiatons a community called Chiolu had a king known as "Eze Diala" and another community had a king called "Eze Okehi". All these names were Igbo, not any other nation.

"The Ikwerre of the present Rivers State were made to underline this point after the collapse of Biafra by the simple process of prefixing a capital "R” to the names of their towns. In this way. Ụmụkurushi became Rumukurushi, Ụmụigbo became Rumuigbo and so on in the hope, rather than the belief, that this would make other Nigerians forget they are or ever were Igbo.

#african #afrakan #kemetic dreams #africans #brownskin #afrakans #brown skin #african culture #afrakan spirituality #igbo #ikwerre #west africa #chiolu #eze #eze okehi #elechi amadi #rumuigbo #nwakpa #nwekpa #wekpa #nwo #nwa #chiburuoma #chidimma #obiaikpo #wike

[njenjemedia]

I have read a number of rejoinders to Mr. Sam Omatseye’s insane and hate-filled diatribe driven by the mental cacophony of a man likened to a slave abruptly invited to dine and wine on his master’s table because of his master’s intention to send him to a self-sacrificing mission, but none of the writers actually understood where the Itsekiri-born mercenary journalist was coming from. Initially, I felt there was no need responding to man who has decided to sacrifice his professional etiquette on the altar of Judasian political dishonesty. And I have my reason for that. In Nigeria of today I have two iconic godfathers of noted integrity and moral principles who can command me at any moment to take an action and I will do such without the least equivocation. I have Papa Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor—an Itsekiri and former President of Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN). I have also Okwadike Dr. Pius Chukwuemeka Ezeife—an Igbo and former Governor of Anambra State. So it would be an absurd and insane act for me as an Igbo and a Deltan because of narrow pecuniary interest to pick up my pen and in one swoop of writing stigmatize the Itsekiri nation in the most in insane manner the man called Sam Omatseyi did to the Igbo.I have been part of the struggles of the Itsekiri nation to redefine her ethnic identity through a renegotiated Yoruba identity. I was on the side of the Itsekiri nation when a delegation of Itsekiri leaders led by Chief Fred Agbeyegbe stormed the Oodua People’s Congress (OPC) rally at MKO Abiola Stadium Abeokuta in 1999 to formally declare their Yoruba identity. I was part of the OPC High Command under the legendary Dr. Fred Faseun who undertook every risk of ethnic brotherhood to defend the Itsekiri against Ijaw onslaught in both Warri and Ajagunle. And I want Chief Fred Agbeyegbe to stand up and prove me wrong.Above all, the only national political icon of Itsekiri progeny in Nigerian political history—Chief Festus Okotie-Eboh was sired politically by no other personality than an Igbo—the Zik of Africa, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, the same personality Sam Omatseye has chosen to vilify as well. I have occasionally read Sam Omatseye and I thought he was only dancing the traditional Itsekiri Giri dance. But now I can see him dancing the precipitous Itsekiri Aja-ogbugbu dance of fire.Among the Itsekiri ethnic group of Delta State where Sam Omatseye hails from the Aja-ogbugbu dance is a special dance of fire performed on special ceremonial occasions and only by those men who are confident of their ritual integrity. This is the dance Mr. Sam Omatseye decided to perform against the Igbo but catastrophically on the back of Senator Oluremi Tinubu, his Itsekiri ethnic benefactor and sacrificial political lure for the untenable presidential ambition of Alhaji Bola Ahmed Tinubu.The question to Sam Omatseye is has he the ritual integrity and capacity to perform the Aja-ogbugbu fire dance which by Igbo transliteration means a killer sacrifice—Aja meaning sacrifice and Ogbugbu meaning to kill? Already Sam Omatseye has started crying like a sacrificial slave driven to the altar of traditional Itsekiri Omale Okun deity, pleading with the same Obi to call his supporters to order; a far cry from the courageous and intrepid Aja-ogbugbu dancers. This is the kind of field intellectual Generals Asiwaju of Lagos and Jagaban of Borgu is relying on to face the Obi-dient moving train. A goat in leopard’s skin indeed! Allegorically Sam Omatseye’s concept of “Obi-tuary” which emanated from his paranoiac insane contraption of Obi-dient is indeed a political requiem for his paymaster, employer, and distasteful in-law Alhaji Bola Ahmed Tinubu, whose political acronym BAT means more than just three Roman alphabets to the most discerning political and spiritual minds in Nigeria. Cosmologically, bat is a creature of bad omen. The Igbo say Usu (bat) aburo anu enu ma oburo anu ana (The Bat is neither a bird nor an animal). This is the political identity

of Bola Ahmed Tinubu and this is what Sam Omatseye has proved himself to be as well, since it will only take a slave to accept the role of a servant to a slave.But what does one expect from such a man as Sam Omatseye—an Itsekiri living on the crumbs that fall from his master-brother-in-law. Of course speaking or writing otherwise should have amounted to pecuniary suicide on his part. So let no one expected him to write in support of either Peter Obi or Abubakar Atiku. He who pays the piper must dictate the tune. A laborer must worth his wages, otherwise why was he appointed the Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Nation newspapers—Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s newspaper in the first place? His only nemesis however is that in his artistic synthesis of “Obi-tuary” he forgot the saying that when one points a finger at another person, the other four fingers are pointing at him. In the same token when one bends down to look at someone’s anus, his own anus is equally exposed to others to look at. He who deeps his finger in a bowl of oil must be ready to wash his other fingers.Sam Omatseye wrote from the mindset of someone in a sinking ship or a drowning man seeking any available object to grip for survival. His artistic but self-judgmental tantrums were more or less a peripatetic display of the bemused steps of a drunken political scavenger whose sworn mission of caging his people’s conscience in the dust-bin of political slavery was greeted with the unexpected force of a political locust called Obi-dient. A concavity of falsehood and half-truths laced with venomous Igbophobic delusions constructed on the shifting sand of ethnic idiocy, Sam Omatseye’s outburst clearly epitomizes Chinua Achebe’s proverbial “nwa Nza” which after a gluttonous feast decided to challenge its Chi (Guardian Spirit) to a wrestling contest. I pity him rather than raining abuses on him. He was commissioned for a cause and right at dawn of his mission he sees every wall collapsing Jericho-wise. Sam Omatseye and his addle-brained mercenary journalists had thought that the people of Southern Nigeria and Nigerian Christians would be cowed into supporting the precipitous Muslim-Muslim presidential ticket for the reason of a Bola Ahmed Tinubu from Southern Nigeria and an Oluremi Tinubu being a make-shift pastor of Redeemed Christian Church of God. Sam Omatseye and his APC paymasters are fully aware that their Muslim-Muslim Presidential ticket is a bad market, for no right thinking Yoruba man and woman born with the tinge of Christianity will vote for Bola Ahmed Tinubu. Sam Omatseye is also aware that most of the APC Muslim members of the North will rather vote for their member—the Fulani-born Atiku Abubakar in opposition People’s Democratic Party (PDP), as they did in 2015 against President Goodluck Jonathan, than vote for a chameleonic Yoruba Muslim called Bola Ahmed Tinubu. Faced with this insurmountable political suicide, the Tinubu camp decided to redirect their attention to the Southeast and South-South geopolitical zones using a rabid dog attack strategy of employing disused South-South political mindsets. First was the confused Niger Delta militant political contractor, Asari Dokub, who recently out of his lack of strategic ideas to confront the trending Obi-dient moving train decided to transpose his outdated forefathers’ 19th century war-gear on his mujahedeen clandestine frame in a Buguma village parade of rented disused Kalabari militants as a way of accounting for the enormous amount of money collected from Bola Ahmed Tinubu. Otherwise what political utility has Asari Dokubo in the body politics of Rivers State, much more influencing the people’s mindset on Bola Ahmed Tinubu?Next comes Sam Omatseye, the political news scavenger who had thought it palatable to use Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s political wife, the Itsekiri-born Senator as his convenient sacrificial bait. Unfortunately according to Islamic laws, a Christian woman married to a Muslim who refuses to convert to Islam has no share in her husband’s estate.

Unless Senator Oluremi Tinubu has a pact with her husband to be a secret Muslim but a public Christian for political objectives, because Islam even accepts lies and deceits against the unbelievers as strategies of conquering them. If Sam Omatseye is not yet aware, Senator Oluremi Tinubu is a first cousin to Papa Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor, yet the only plot of land Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor had in Obalende, Lagos and for which he earmarked for the Lagos branch of his Church was confiscated by Bola Ahmed Tinubu. When Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor approached his cousin Senator Oluremi Tinubu to implore her husband to kindly release the Church land, and she approached her husband, she was threatened with divorce by Bola Tinubu. This is the same Oluremi Nigerian Christians are being deceived that with her position as Tinubu’s wife the interest of Nigerian Christians would be protected under Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s presidency. The question to the likes of Sam Omatseye is which freeborn Itsekiri man or woman will support a man who viciously confiscated a piece of land belonging to such Itsekiri illustrious son as Papa Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor, and went further to threaten an Itsekiri daughter with divorce for daring to plead on behalf of her Itsekiri brother? The Igbo often say, “Ogo bu chi ogbenye”—the in-law is the guardian spirit of the poor. Has Bola Ahmed Tinubu proven to be a good and trusted in-law to Itsekiri people in his action against Papa Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor? I hope Sam Omatseye is listening. Moreover most people are aware that Oluremi remains Tinubu’s wife so long as her position serves to advance Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s narrow political ambition. After all, was it not only in 2018 that Bola Ahmed Tinubu forced her to be ordained a Pastor of Redeemed Christian Church of God in anticipation of his political ambition? In his dim-witted display of historical ignorance Sam Omatseye forgot that journalism is not history and that the subject of Biafra is best suited for the intellectual kitty of historians. It therefore befuddles even the least intelligent among his readers that he should equate Biafra with Igbo identity. One fundamental fact people of Sam Omatseye’s corrupted mindset should know is that not every Biafran was Igbo and not every Igbo was Biafran. For instance, I, the present writer am an Igbo from Delta State, but I have never accepted the inclusion of West Niger Igbo in Nnamdi Kanu’s Biafra project. Similarly Asari Dokubo is not Igbo but he claims to be a Biafran. If Sam Omatseye has just homunculus knowledge of the history of Nigerian civil war, he should have known that even in 1967 there was the short-lived Republic of Benin which his Majesty the Olu of Warri— Ginuwa was signatory to before he fled to Lagos on the advance of Federal troops. Thus bringing up the absurd comparison between Peter Obi and Nnamdi Kanu on the one hand, and Nnamdi Azikiwe and Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu on the other was the height of Sam Omatseye’s sense of mental declivity and morbid comprehension of the history of Nigerian civil war. While it is not my duty to play the role of an advocate for Peter Obi on how Anambra State was governed under him, however, as the saying goes, those who seek equity must come with clean hands. There was that anecdote of a little boy who was instructed by his father to mention four most corrupt countries in Africa and the little boy concluded without mentioning Nigeria. The question his father threw back to him was why was Nigeria not mentioned among the four most corrupt nations of Africa? In his response the little boy asked his father: “When counting sinners, does one need to count Satan?” Yes! In matters of corruption in Nigeria Mr. Peter might be among the sinners, but the Satan of corruption in Nigeria both stated and published is certainly Bola Ahmed Tinubu and, Sam Omatseye knows this. What Sam Omatseye cannot deny is that the movement called Obi-dient is not a call for the obi-tuary of its movers

but the call for the “obi-tuary” of those being moved out of the corrupted political space of Nigeria. Sam Omateye and his paymasters should be rightly informed that the movement called Obi-dient is not all about Peter Obi’s personality or his achievements or failures as Governor of Anambra State, even though in comparative moral terms Bola Ahmed Tinubu cannot measure up to Peter Obi. It is like comparing a craw-craw with a bump. It is also not about Labour Party, neither is it about ethnicity or religion. It is all about a movement; a revolution conscientiously driven by the desire of the Nigerian masses to cast out in demon-like fashion all the political cankerworms sucking away the vitality of Nigeria’s nationhood into the abyss. But why is Sam Omatseye developing running stomach if Peter Obi hops from one Church to the other? Would he have hopped from one Mosque to the other? Who complained when Bola Ahmed Tinubu slept from one Mosque in Nigeria to another in Saudi Arabia? Which Obi-dient member complained when Bola Ahmed Tinubu visited Pastor Enoch Adeboye to convince the old man to sell his religious birthright as did Esau? President Goodluck Jonathan lost because of the Judas mentality of Christians like Sam Omatseye who do not see the looming danger of jihad directed against them. This time it will not be business as usual. To say that God’s judgment awaits any Christian that votes for a Muslim Presidential candidate in 2023 is an understatement. The Bible in 2 Corinthians 5:17 tells us that “old things are passed away, behold all things are become new.” This is the present position with respect to Obi-dient movement. Odogwu Nwankwo T. Nwaezeigwe, PhD, DDInstitute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, NsukkaEmail: [email protected]

[gwendolynlerman]

Separatist and irredentist movements in the world

Niger Delta

Proposed state: Niger Delta Republic

Region: Abia State, Akwa Ibon State, Bayelsa State, Cross River State, Delta State, Edo State, Imo State, Ondo State, and Rivers State, Nigeria

Ethnic group: Anaang, Edo, Efik, Esan, Ibibio, Igbo, Ijaw, Isoko, Itsekiri, Obolo, Ogoni, Örö, Urhobo, Yoruba

Goal: independence

Date: 1966

Political parties: -

Militant organizations: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Niger Delta Avengers (NDA), Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate (NDGJM), Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV)

Current status: war

History

10th century-1911 - Kingdom of Nri

16th century - Portuguese exploration

1690-1902 - Aro Confederacy

1884-1960 - British protectorate

1960 - Nigerian independence

1966 - declaration of independence

1998 - Kaiama Declaration

2000 - foundation of the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC)

2003 - the NDV is formed

2004 - foundation of the MEND

2016 - creation of the NDA and NDGJM

The Kingdom of Nri was formed in the 10th century in the Niger Delta. In the 16th century, Portuguese explorers began to trade with the peoples of southern Nigeria, which marked the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade.

Between 1690 and 1902, Aro people in present-day southeastern Nigeria joined to form the Aro Confederacy.

In 1884, the United Kingdom colonized modern-day Nigeria, including the Niger Delta. In 1960, Nigeria obtained its independence.

Six years later, Isaac Adaka Boro declared the secession of the Niger Delta Republic. During the 1990s, local communities organized oil protests due to the lack of economic development in the region despite the wealth created by oil and due to the destruction of their habitat by foreign oil companies. This was crystallized in the Kaima Declaration.

A few years later, several government and private initiatives to develop the Niger Delta region were introduced, including the Niger Delta Development Commission. In 2008, the MEND declared the launch of an oil war against pipelines and oil-production facilities, as well as against the Nigerian Armed Forces, which continues until the present day.

Niger Delta people

The Niger Delta is inhabited by 31 million people who belong to more than 40 ethnic groups, including the Anaang, Edo, Efik, Esan, Ibibio, Igbo, Ijaw, Isoko, Itsekiri, Obolo, Ogoni, Örö, Urhobo, and Yoruba peoples.

There are around 2.6 million Anaang. They speak Anaang, a Cross River language of the Atlantic-Congo family, and practice Christianity and Paganism.

The Edo number 5 million people and, outside Nigeria, mainly live in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Kenya, the Netherlands, Qatar, Senegal, Spain, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. They speak Edo, an Edoid language of the Atlantic-Congo family, and are predominantly Christian.

There are around 725,600 Efik in Cameroon, Nigeria, and the United States. They speak Efik, a Cross River language, and practice Christianity and their own religion.

The Esan number around 1.5 million people. They speak Esan, an Edoid language, and are mainly Christian.

There are more than 10 million Ibibio in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. They speak Ibibio, a Cross River language, and practice Christianity.

The Igbo number around 50 million people and mainly live in Australia, Cameroon, Canada, Equatorial Guinea, the Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They speak Igbo, an Igboid language of the Atlantic-Congo family, and are Christian but also retain their traditional beliefs.

There are 18 million Ijaw. They speak Ijaw languages, which belong to the Ijoid family, and practice Christianity and traditional African religion.

The Isoko number more than 1 million people and speak Isoko, an Edoid language. They are Christian and practice traditional African religion.

There are around 2.7 million Itsekiri, who speak Itsekiri, a Yoruboid language of the Atlantic-Congo family. They practice Christianity and traditional African religion.

The Obolo, also known as Andoni, speak Obolo, a Cross River language.

There are around 850,000 Ogoni. They speak Ogoni languages, which belong to the Cross River branch, and have their traditional beliefs but also practice Christianity.

The Örö number 1.4 million people and live in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria. They speak Oro, a Cross River language, and practice Christianity and their traditional religion.

There are around 5 million Urhobo. They speak Urhobo, an Edoid language, and practice Christianity and Igbe religion.

The Yoruba number 38 million people and live in Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Canada, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, the Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They speak Yoruba, a Yoruboid language, and practice Christianity, Islam, and Yoruba religion.

Vocabulary

The vocabulary list is in Igbo (I) and Yoruba (Y), as they are the major native languages of the region.

agha (I) - ogun (Y) - war

Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò (I) - Igbo language

Èdè Yorùbá (Y) - Yoruba language

mkpebi onwe onye (I) - ipinnu ara ẹni (Y) - self-determination

Ṇ́dị́ Ìgbò (I) - Igbo people

nnroonwe (I) - ominira (Y) - independence

Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà (I) - Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà (Y) - Federal Republic of Nigeria

Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire (Y) - Yoruba people

Omu Aro (I) - Aro Confederacy

Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì (I) - Kingdom of Nri

#langblr #igbo #yoruba

[afrklife]

nigeria giant of Africa

Nigeria is often referred to as the “Giant of Africa”, and with good reason. With a population of about 200 million it is the seventh most populous country in the world. It also has the third largest youth population. These young people are doing it all from starting tech businesses, to making music, to writing books. Of course you know that Africa is not a country, but how much do you know about each of the countries that make up the continent? Nigeria Giant of Africa; is a great place to start with.

Now, if you watch the video above, you won’t need to read the details in the rest of this article. The video also features the Afro-House fusion dance record “Ijo (Dance)” by Wyll Diamond.

Nigeria: Basic Facts

 Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Other names: Giant of Africa Capital: Abuja Independence date: October 1, 1960 Official languages: Nigerian English Currency: Naira (₦) (NGN)

Former colonizer:Great Britain

Country population: 201 million (2019 estimate) Current leadership: President Muhammadu Buhari assumed office May 29, 2015 Major ethnic groups: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba Major religions followed: Christianity and Islam

Major cities:

Lagos

Kano

Ibadan

Benin City

Port Harcourt

 A Brief History

 Colonization dates:

August 1861 – Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown     Colony with the Lagos Treaty of Cession

January 1, 1901 – Nigeria became a     British protectorate, and part of the British Empire

 International Organization Memberships:

African Union (founding     member) 

United Nations

Commonwealth of Nations 

OPEC

 Tourism

 Nigeria: Giant of Africa is a giant in terms of its rainforests and savannah stretches that it features across its terrain.Where the rest of the world is battling to conserve their natural reserve amidst the pollution and exploitation, Nigeria is still giving its best efforts and the results are not disappointing.It is the 6th out of seventeen most biodiverse regions of the world. These forests are home to a diversified flora and fauna. It ranks as the 10th most diversified flora rich region of the world. Apart from this the country ranks third in the richest marine biodiversity genre.

 This country is also a hub of ethnicity. It houses some of the oldest and most ethnic tribal and cultural groups of the world. These groups are known for their nature friendly practices and minimalism inspired livelihood. Despite living in the wild, they are one of the most resistant to diseases. Many explorers have visited these groups to learn about their rituals and culture that promote a healthy lifestyle.

 The ethnic Education

 To ensure that the new generation adults do not forget their roots, children are given training on their ethnicity and culture. They are taught how to live in harmony with nature. Though the training might seem to be a bit harsh, the child grows up to be fully independent adult who has the requisite skills to earn his own livelihood. They are trained in skills such as weaving, carpentry and much more. Though employment rate is challenged throughout the globe and Nigeria being no exception to it, yet indigenous people manage to fill their tummies pertaining to the initial training they have received.

  Economics: 

20th largest economy as of 2015, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity

Wars and conflicts

Ekumeku War (1883–1914) was a series of     uprisings against the rising power of the Royal Niger Company of     the British Empire in Anioma, the Igbo subgroup     in present day Delta     State. Although the Ekumeku failed in 1914, but the     western Anioma treasure their memory as imperishable legacy. Heroes     included DunkwuIsus of Onicha-Olona, NwabuzoIyogolo of     Ogwashi-Ukwu, AwunoUgbo, Obi of Akumazi,     AgbambuOshue of Igbuzo, Idabor of Issele-Ukwu, OcheiAghaeze of     Onicha-Olona, Abuzu of Idumuje-Unor, IdegwuOtokpoike of Ubulu-Ukwu are     still remembered in Anioma land. The Ekumeku War is one of the most     vigorous campaign of opposition to the British empire and inspired later     rebellions such as the Mau     Mau of Kenya.

The     Anglo–Aro War (1901–1902) was a conflict between the     Aro Confederacy in present-day Eastern Nigeria, and the British Empire.     Some of the Aro leaders, like OkoroToti, were arrested, tried by     tribunals, and hanged. The Aro Confederacy was destroyed and EzeKanuOkoro     (king of Arochukwu), went into hiding but was later arrested.

Aba     Women’s Riots of November 1929 – Igbo women protested     and accused Warrant Chiefs of restricting the role of women in the     government. 

Civil war (1967–1970) – “The disequilibrium     and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in     1966, to back-to-back military coups. In May 1967, the Southern Region     declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of     Lt. Colonel EmekaOjukwu.[64] The Nigerian Civil War began as the official     Nigerian government side attacked Biafra on 6 July 1967 at Garkem. The     30-month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and     supplies, ended in January 1970.[65] Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern     Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease,     and starvation,     during the 30-month civil war.”

 Some Trivia

 Most populous country in Africa (as of 2019)

Seventh most populous country in the world (as     of 2019)

Third-largest youth population in the world,     after India and China, with more than 90 million of its population under     age 18

Over 250 ethnic groups

Nigeria is the 12th largest producer of     petroleum in the world and the 8th largest exporter, and has the 10th     largest proven reserves. (The country joined OPEC in 1971.) Petroleum     plays a large role in the Nigerian economy, accounting for 40% of GDP and     80% of Government earnings.

Prebendalism refers to political systems where     elected officials and government workers feel they have a right to a share     of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters,     co-religionists and members of their ethnic group.

#tumbler tumbler

[ukpuru]

An elder in Ila (Illah) holding an abani or eben sword, present-day Delta State. Photographed by Northcote Thomas, c. 1912. MAA Cambridge.

Illah is said to have been founded by Ala[.] […] One of the traditions holds that Ala’s father, lka, came from Nteje (some informants say he came from Nri) and the mother, Ejini, came from lgalaland. […] While at Omorka, the Anam/Nzam people from the east of the Niger frequently harassed the Illah. Through the assistance of a later immigrant, an Edaiken (Oba's first son) from Benin, the Illah contained the Anam's menace. […] The Asaba and Illah traditions seem to indicate a fusion of Igbo and Igala migrants, and emphasize the age-long relationship between them and the Igala in the north and the Igbo in the east.

– Adiele Afigbo (1992). "Groundwork of Igbo history." p. 335.

#Illah #Ila #Igbo

[toluworld]

Biafra belongs to Ijaw not Igbos – Asari-Dokubo recounts history of agitation

Biafra belongs to Ijaw not Igbos – Asari-Dokubo recounts history of agitation

https://d9599fed31d1a429cc384e05ba014bce.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html Leader of the Niger Delta Peoples Salvation Force (NDPSF), Mujahid Asari-Dokubo has revealed that the Biafra nation originated from the Ijaw entity, a tribe in Bayelsa, Delta and other states in the South-south. According to Dokubo, Biafra is an Ijaw name and has nothing to do with the…

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[thisdaynews]

Why We Don’t Want Middle Belt In Biafra – BNL

New Post has been published on https://thebiafrastar.com/why-we-dont-want-middle-belt-in-biafra-bnl/

Why We Don’t Want Middle Belt In Biafra – BNL

The Biafra Nations League (BNL) has given reasons why Igala and the whole Middle Belt ought not be remembered for the guide of Biafra.

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Review that the Chairman of the Igala Cultural Development Association (ICDA) working panel, Comrade Enemona Omattah had expressed that the Igala clan won’t be essential for Biafra.

Omattah approached the banned Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) to forget about the Igalas of any arrangement to withdraw from Nigeria. He spread the word about this for newsmen in Lokoja on Monday.

He said: “We are not piece of their disturbance. IPOB and Biafra can’t add-on Igala country. We are approaching Igbo individuals to quit incorporating Igala land in their guide.”

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“During the Nigerian Civil War, Emeka Ojukwu-drove group bombarded Igala land. Our territory was really assaulted. Individuals that assaulted us years prior can’t come around now and guarantee we are essential for them. We are not piece of Biafra. We won’t ever be essential for Biafra. In spite of the fact that we work with them and even intermarry, that doesn’t mean we are essential for them.”

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“We put stock in the Nigeria Project. We have confidence in the initiative of Nigeria country. We have our issues with the Nigeria country yet we are not adversarial. We will resolve our issues at the proper time, not via conveying firearms and battling. We trust in the corporate presence of Nigeria.This is the situation of Igala country.”

Responding in an explanation together endorsed by BNL National Leader, Princewill Chimezie Richard; Deputy National Leade and Head of Operations, BBs Media, Ebuta Akor Takon and BNL Chief of General Staff, Linus Essien, the gathering demanded that the Middle Belt may be added to Biafra in the event that they demonstrate revenue to be important for it.

BNL noticed that the Middle Belt assumed a significant part in seing to the loss of Biafra during the conflict.

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“The 1967 guide which was acclimated to incorporate Delta State stays bona fide. The district of Biafra are individuals who shares a typical history and social legacy and not the individuals who because of limit impact acquired not many culture of the Igbo in Northern Enugu, Anambra and Ebonyi,” the gathering said.

“It Is against the overall interest of Biafra to be hauling the individuals who battled on Nigeria side as mafians. The Fulani and Hausa were not really individuals who battled during the conflict.

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The gathering accused other genius Biafra bunches for neglecting to connect with different spaces of the Eastern Region to illuminate them about the battle however hauling center belt, adding “We will avoid the battle for extension”.

[365news]

365NEWS NEWSPAPERS HEADLINES FOR SATURDAY 8TH JUNE, 2019

365NEWS NEWSPAPERS HEADLINES FOR SATURDAY 8TH JUNE, 2019       *PUNCH* Policemen, officers pay to get juicy postings I admit that we failed to give Nigerians refinery --Kachikwu How Jay-Z became first hip-hop billionaire in history How executive, legislative rancour hampered Eighth Assemblys achievements Senate presidency: Gojes withdrawal divides PDP caucus ICPC arraigns judge for allegedly demanding N200m bribe Things to consider when changing apartments Sickle cell and loved ones Death lurking on pavements: Open manholes threaten lives in Asaba Students should learn to identify what works for them --Arogundade, first-class graduate Despite people's lack of confidence in me, I'm the only graduate in my family today --Kundulum, Gombe-based civil servant Would you sacrifice your job to save your marriage? Thyroid problems and fertility Firm begins LPG cylinder production, as Osinbajo inaugurates plant We are reversing adverse effects of pollution --FG FAAN to close parts of Lagos airport for six weeks Apapa gridlock: Bribe-taking FRSC personnel to be sacked, says spokesman Nigerias total imports rise by 25.84% in one year EFCC withdraws from Gojes N5bn fraud case Poll: Presidential tribunal resumes hearing of Atiku, PDPs petition Monday South-West monarchs vow to resist Fulani bandits as govs plan security summit AIT, RayPower FM back on air as court orders re-opening Insecurity: Governors meet Buhari, differ on state police *VANGUARD* Tension as cultists kill three persons in Ikorodu What if Saraki, Dogara had not emerged Politicians employ new strategies to deactivate Okowa's silent mode Level of insecurity in Nigeria is worrisome --Bishop Onuoha We're yet to take stand on State Police --Govs I'll not be a rubber stamp Senate President --Lawan Udu traditional council gives NPDC 14-day ultimatum over alleged neglect Obaseki condoles with family of late Eguavoen, extols his giant strides AIT/RayPower back after court overruled NBC, fixed June 13 for hearing Nigeria is sitting on a tripod, comprising Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo Anambra: CMD begs striking doctors to return to work, urges more negotiations A new beginning for Zamfara State UBTH, OKPEKPE: When Obaseki failed to meet Oshiomhole! FG targets 5,000,000MT LPG utilisation in 10 years Breaking: AIT back on-air, resumes broadcast after NBC's ban Ecobank hosted by London Stock Exchange after successful $500m Eurobond issuance Obaseki lauds 6th Edo Assembly for deepening democracy NNPC's gas subsidiary, NGMC, posts N12bn profit MTN Group unveils AI service for mobile money My second term will be pay back time in Benue --Ortom Thousands protest price hikes, corruption inyouth's Liberia Imo West: INEC 'grudgingly' agrees to issue Certificate to Okorocha President Buhari remains father of all --Igbo youths *THE NATION* Monarch backs Ogun Assembly on 75 Obas Starting on a faulty note: The governors that got it twisted From filthy to fresh Lagos Why is there blackout each time it rains? When Dapo Abiodun danced like deaf and dumb Group advocates restructuring as solution to Nigeria's problems 14 lions on the loose in South African province Alleged rights violation: Prison boss orders investigation Passport issuance: Immigration officers are still collecting bribe --Babandede SEC intimidation: Two Oando directors quit Food safety everyones business, says NIFST Runsewe commends Emefiele for creative industry financing initiative Aspiring filmmakers invited as MTF Academy entry closes Closure of AIT, others: Court orders maintenance of status quo as at May 30 Dollar rain for senators-elect Limping DAWN secretariat in Ibadan Yaris many dashed hopes APC openly embraces self-destructive bent CYCDI congratulates Sanwo-Olu THE KIND OF MAN I WON'T MARRY Big Brother Naija star Alex Unusual Loving you makes me happy, Bambam tells Teddy A Eniola Badmus to launch YouTube Channel IM ALL ABOUT CONTENT SMART KHIDDY *THISDAY* Sena Anthony, Oghogho Akpata Resign from Oando Board CFAO Motors Re-starts Suzuki Vehicles in Nigeria NNPC Subsidiary, NGMC, Makes N12bn Profit Seedlings for Anambra Farmers BMW, JLR to collaborate for Next Generation Electrification Technologies You Cant Stop the Future: Auto Braking Tech Makes Roads Safer New Touring Specification for the Worlds Fastest Production Sedan, Jaguar XE SV Project 8 Winners Emerge in Kelloggs Superstar Contest Promasidor Restates Commitment to EmployeesSafety Schneider Electric New Products MTN21 Days of Yello Care to Address Youth Unemployment New Eko Innovation Centre Unveiled Aircraft Acquisition and Growth of Nigerian Airlines 9th National Assembly: Men Urged to Elect Woman Speaker, Leader Osinbajo: FG Targets 33.3m Cooking Gas Adoption in 10 Years Ninth Assembly: 35 Political Parties Declare Support for Gbajabiamila Buhari Has Reduced Criminality in Niger Delta Centralisation of Nasarawa Revenues Court Orders INEC to Immediately Issue Certificate of Return to Okorocha Ensure Even Spread of Developmental Projects, Cleric Charges Abiodun Tinubu and 20 Years of Unbroken Democracy in Nigeria Alleged N6.9bn Fraud: CJ Transfers Fayoses Case to New Judge Bulkachuwa and Presidential Election Panel *THE SUN* Impunity killing Nigeria --Phillip Asiodu PDP governors call for state police, condemn shutdown of AIT 9th Assembly Speakership: Coalition of 35 political parties back Gbajabiamila BREAKING: Speakership: Court quashes Area Court's summon on Gbajabiamila CAN passes vote of confidence on APC, Oshiomhole Edo 2020: Obaseki meets Buhari Imo west: Okorocha forgives those behind his certificate of return travail Appeal Court dismisses suit challenging Gov. Babagana Zulum of Borno's election BREAKING: Imo West: Court orders INEC to issue certificate of return to Okorocha Court adjourns suit seeking Gbajabiamila's disqualification I want to defend like Marcelo, 'rule' like Marta --Ogbonna Tijani Babagida tips Eagles for AFCON glory in Egypt Nigeria/Zimbabwe friendly: Fans mob Mikel, Musa, Iwobi, Ndidi after training France 2019: Super Falcons ambush Norway without Ada Oduduru qualifies for 100m, 200m finals in U.S. Runsewe commends CBN for creative industry financing initiative NGMC declares #12bn profit Making career as real estate developer Deputy Senate president: Nigerians in Venezuela drum support for Kalu National fleet will help Nigerians lift crude oil for export --Dakuku 2019: How National Assembly widened govt's borrowing gap --Udoma CBN pensioners commend Buhari on Emefiele's re-appointment We're not conducting verification of disengaged PHCN staff --BPE *GUARDIAN* PDP governors challenge FG to name states diverting LG funds I've lost weight since taking over from Ambode, says Sanwo-Olu It's tough promoting fitness to Nigerians --Ruby Agu Lagos Film Academy set to train young filmmakers Suspension of AIT, Raypower: Height of impunity, tyranny, says Timi Frank What Nipsey Hussel Meant To East Africans Respite on the Apapa traffic gridlock How to cook pasta like a chef All Shades Of Kasi Set To Light Up June 12 Group petitions Buhari, Ministry over illegalY charges on TSA by OAGF *DAILY TRUST* Certificate of return: We will obey court order on Okorocha --INEC Speakership: Kano Rep-elect, Dambazau, endorses Gbajabiamila Certificate of Return: INEC to meet over Imo West Senatorial District court order SGF unveils Democracy Day Exhibition, advises Nigerians on consciousness Atiku condemns shutdown of AIT In just 1 week, I have lost weight governing Lagos --Sanwo-Olu Your allegations against Buhari unfounded, MURIC tells NCEF Security: Military, Police to commence joint patrol in Osun Alleged N6.9bn fraud: CJ transfers Fayose's case to new judge We must never stop praying for lasting solution to insecurity in our country --CAN BREAKING: N3.4bn fraud: Kano Emirate Council confirms receipt of query Why Pastor Kumuyi cannot be wrong! Pride of Lions on the loose in South African province Home Remedy Alert! PROBLEM: 'Bitten and brushed' Try: baking soda NAFDAC closes company packaging unregistered honey in Abuja SMEs laud Jumia for business growth Manchester United agree Daniel James deal with Swansea Hazard signs 5-year deal with Real Madrid *TRIBUNE* Suspension of AIT, Raypower licenses height of tyranny, Timi Frank says BREAKING: AIT back on air Buhari meets with governors over worsening security How we escaped attack by armed herdsmen on Ife-Ilesa-Akure road, CAC Agbala Itura choir master recounts ordeal Jihadists have recruited heavily from Fulani pastoralists across West Africa --Report When a Congolese brings laurels to Nigeria Problems with Staphylococcus Milk from my breasts, My fiancee is HIV positive Bed wetting at age 12 Refuse management: Fear, concerns, as WAI returns in Lagos Okafor, Arimah make 2019 Caine Prize shortlist My husband stopped me from attending church, said he no longer loves me after I fasted, prayed for his breakthrough Children of fallen soldiers, policemen lament: Survival is a big challenge to us as orphans Two out of my wife's 8 lovers are dead; she draws knife, broken bottle at me when we fight My new album will remind people to hold on to our culture --Singer KCEE Theresa May quits, to remain PM until Conservative elects new leader *LEADERSHIP* Customer Emotional Connection To Your Brand Is Critical To Business Success --Angela-Catherine What Excessive Coffee Does To Your Body Infectious Diseases You Need To Be Wary Of. . Opposition Challenges Ayade To Account For N8bn Paris Club Refunds Akande Accuses Yoruba Leaders Of Instigating Religious, Ethnic Conflicts Kaduna Assembly Passes Religious Bill To Regulate Preaching Okorocha Lauds Judgement On Certificate Of Return I Have Lost Weight Since Becoming Gov -- Sanwo-Olu SEC Vs Oando: 2 Oando Directors Quit 8th Niger Assembly Passes 42 Bills Nasarawa Govt To Centralise Revenue Collection 9th Senate: Odds Favour Sen Boroffice For DSP Seat Court Orders FG To Halt Closure Of AIT, Raypower Babandede Tasks Promoted Comptrollers On Corruption, Human Rights Emir Of Gwandu Expresses Concern Over Almajiri Syndrome Police Parade Suspected Kidnap Kingpin, Others In Ebonyi Court Orders Nasarawa Govt To Pay Breeze FM N67m Benue Agency Laments Death Of Women From Birth Complications Deputy Senate President: Ngige, Onu, Others Make Case For South-East FG Unveils Arts Exhibition Ahead Of Democracy Day Speakership: High Court Reverses Area Court's Summon On Gbajabiamila Silky Kola For Menstrual Problem, Infertility, Others I Came Into The Industry Because I Enjoyed Making Music --Sunny Neji *BLUE PRINT* The judiciary in the Next Level Anxiety as 14 lions break loose in South Africa Sanwo-Olu: Governing Lagos not a tea party, I have lost weight in 1 week Nadal beats Federer, 1 leg away from grabbing 12th French Open title Yobe gov visits home town, inspects Boko Haram damages, pledges recontruction Group condemns industrial court's reinstatement of suspended SEC DG Kano emirate council confirmed receipt of query letter Economics, Economist, Financial Times and Nigeria Pictures: Buhari meet govs, security chiefs in search of solution to banditry, kidnapping, others Surprise as popular Nigerian comedian gives 9-year-old son mansion as birthday gift Coalition backs Gbajabiamila for speakership Yinka Ayefele denies welcoming triplets with wife Demolition: Court orders Nasarawa govt to pay Breeze FM N67m damages Excitement as Ibom air makes maiden commercial flight Freed at last! 101-year-old Nigerian man released from prison FG not serious with Ogoni clean up --Expert Sylva accuses Gov Dickson of falsehood over N120b loan Suspension of AIT, Raypower: Height of impunity, Tyranny, Says Timi Frank South-east APC meets Oshiomhole over Speakership, backs Nwajiuba Bala donates N5, 000 to each patient at specialists hospitalAppear time Anti-corruption group condemns plan to reinstate suspended SEC DG, Gwarzo Ex-army general joins Kogi guber race Akande blames Yoruba leaders for economic woes *BUSINESSDAY* Certificate of return: Nation's judiciary is Daniel that has always come to judgment --Okorocha Google warns of US national security risks from Huawei ban Three ways that Big Tech could be broken up US job growth stalls in May with just 75,000 added Kwara Gov appoints Chief of Staff, SSG, CPS South Africa's rand set for worst week since October Court orders reopening of AIT, Ray power After Buhari, there may be no more APC, says Onyebueke Strike threat: LUTH assures public of uninterrupted operations Export of manufactured goods soars 511 %, Q1 --NBS *SPORTS* "He makes everything easier" - De Roon reveals what it's like to play beside Barca-bound De Jong - Goal 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup: Falcons set to ruffle feathers on biggest stage - New Telegraph A-list riders to sparkle in City of Stars - CNN AFCON 2019: Mikel Banks On Youthfulness, Fitness For Glory - Daily Independent Africa Cup of Nations warm-up match results - Punch All Eyes on France as Womens World Cup Kicks off Tonight - Thisday Argentina 5 Nicaragua 1: Quick-fire Messi brace inspires rout - Goal Argentina 5 Nicaragua 1: Quick-fire Messi brace inspires rout - Goal Arsenal confirm Welbeck, five others exit - Punch Arsenal star Mesut Ozil marries in Istanbul, with Erdogan as best man - Vanguard *GOOD MORNING*   Read the full article

[readyforevolution]

The Igbo people of Nigeria!!

The Igbo people (English: / EE-boh, also spelled Ibo ,natively Ṇ́dị́ Ìgbò) are an ethnic group in Nigeria. They are primarily found in Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States. A sizable Igbo population is also found in Delta and Rivers States.Large ethnic Igbo populations are found in Cameroon,Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea,as well as outside Africa. There has been much speculation about the origins of the Igbo people,which are largely unknown.Geographically, the Igbo homeland is divided into two unequal sections by the Niger River—an eastern (which is the larger of the two) and a western section.The Igbo people are one of the largest ethnic Groups in Africa!!

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#Galdeediaries Cc Mighty African History

[alaayemore-blog]

The Ijebu are best described as a federation of states (Isichei 1983:134) combining a divine king (Awujale) with a more decentralized form of government. The Awujale, who is based in the town of Ijebu-Ode, rules over a series of lesser crowned rulers located in towns such as Ijebu-Ife, Ijebu-Remo, Ijebu-Imushin, and Ijebu-Igbo. The latter are expected to honor and serve the Awujale at the same time that they exercise some degree of autonomous rule over chiefs and others below them. A separate but not unrelated system of rule is the judiciary society called Oshugbo by the Ijebu and Egba Yoruba (and Ogboni by other Yoruba subgroups); it is made up of male and female elders who oversee court cases at various levels, decide the punishment of criminals who have been condemned to death, and tend to all affairs concerning the king from the time he is selected and installed to his burial (Drewal, Pemberton, & Abiodun 1989:136). The present ruling kingdom was said to have been founded in the late fourteenth century when, according to myth, Obanta, son of the god Oduduwa, was sent from Ile-Ife to reign as Awujale of the Ijebu nation. In the process, he encountered and subsequently conquered several indigenous groups including the Idoko, a name that still identifies the people in one Ijebu district and which has some bearing on the history of weaving in the area. Later migrations from Benin and Ondo added rich layers of culture to the Ijebu area. Yet other influences came by way of the Ijo of the Niger Delta, from whom the Ijebu adopted cultural traditions including their water-spirit masquerades

Lisa Aronson, Ijebu Yoruba "Aso Olona": A Contextual and Historical Overview.

#lisa aronson #ijebu #yoruba culture #quotes

[iuniversallystudentperfectionme]

Since zoning of political offices has become the order of the day in Nigeria, an equitable consensus would follow that Southern Nigeria—the Igbo in particular—will produce the next president of the country, come 2023. But such zoning convention has begun to beg the question: Would the candidacy be open to the entire Igbo nation or would such opportunity be limited to the South-East zone of Nigeria?   The answer is a no brainer: The ticket ought to be open to the entire Igbo nation of the Southern extraction. Here is why.   The proponents of rotational presidency argue that the concept would ensure a sense of belonging among Nigeria’s disparate ethnic groups. Of the three Nigerian major tribes, namely, the Igbo, Hausa-Fulani, and the Yoruba; only the Igbo are yet to lead the country under a democratic setting.   The Igbo nation—that is, people sharing similar heritage, including culture, names, language, and religion—is beyond the South-East zone. But many political pundits understandably like to paint a marginal picture, and the gullible society, the Igbo not excluded, never hesitates to buy the gambit. This distortion has perpetuated because of the fleeting nature of memory in the Nigerian state, where true history has been tabooed.   Besides Igbo indigenous communities in other states; the Ohaneze Ndigbo, the umbrella Igbo socio-cultural group, is a seven-state structure, denoting areas with sizeable Igbo population, namely: Abia, Anambra, Delta, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo, and Rivers states. The key offices are also distributed and rotated among the member states. 

  For example, while the current President General of Ohaneze, Barrister John Nwodo, is from Enugu State of South-East zone, the General Secretary (Barrister Uche Okwukwu) and Vice- President General (Dr. Sylvanus O. Ebigwei) hail from the South-South states of Rivers and Delta, respectively. Needless to mention that Ambassador Ralph Uwechue, an indigene of Delta State, was the Ohaneze President-General between 2009 and 2013.   A defining muddle is that, of the seven Ohaneze states, only Delta and Rivers are in the South-South zone. The implication is that the Igbo indigenous communities have found themselves in the minority among the ethnic nationalities that make up the South-South zone. Therefore, if the presidency is to be zoned based on the existing six zone-structure of Nigeria, a South-South Igbo of this generation cannot realistically aspire to lead the country, his or her credentials notwithstanding.   The foregoing hypothesis was tested in 2007 when the South-South zone lobbied for the presidency. The South-South Igbo, remember, were told in unmistakable terms to explore such ambition whenever it is the turn of their kith and kin in the South-East.   It is on such backdrop that Pa Edwin Clark, the Leader of the South-South zone, made the infamous (or rather the rational) statement that Dr. Peter Odili, a former governor of Rivers state, had no moral right to encroach on the turn of the zone. Even though Mr. Odili was arguably the most compelling presidential aspirant of in the 2007 electoral season, he was blackballed mainly because of his Igbo heritage.   The South-South Igbo must not be allowed to suffer a double political whammy. Having been sidelined by their South-South neighbors in 2007, based on ethnic orientation, it behooves the South-East Igbo to accommodate their kith and kin in the race for the 2023 presidency.     Make no mistake about this: The South-East is the only zone in Southern Nigeria that is yet to produce a democratically elected president. Therefore, embarking on the presidential project solely through prism of the South-East can be superficially plain. But the Igbo must be careful not to tempt a pyrrhic victory.   Politics is a game of number. We can take a cue from the political genius of our Hausa-Fulani counterparts. Despite their vastly disparate ethnic origins, the Fulani and the Hausa groups in the three Northern zones have molded into a seemingly homogeneous political block. It is not surprising, therefore, that they show a united front in the different political parties whenever it is the turn of the North to produce the president.   Though the North-West zone has dominated over the years, the people go the extra mile to ensure that the inherent zoning arrangement does not foreclose the aspirations of the Hausa or Fulani-speaking people from the North-East. That is how recent doyens of the North-East politics, such as Adamu Ciroma, Bamanga Tukur, Atiku Abubakar, and Nuhu Ribadu, were able to mount respectable presidential bids.   Broadening the Igbo political map is a win-win. It will offer Nigerians a larger pool of aspirants to choose from. Besides a galaxy of presidential aspirants from the South-East, it would also address the aspirations of the South-South Igbo, particularly those in their prime, for example, Patrick Utomi, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Ifeanyi Okowa, Tony Elumelu, Peter Odili, Mike Okiro, Chibuike Amaechi, and Nyesom Wike, to name a few.   Unity is power. A united Igbo front has a better chance of winning the zoning debate, to begin with.  Further, a Nigerian presidential project anchored through the entire Igbo nation has the potential to unite the people towards common purpose. It can halt the defeatist trajectory of postwar politics and de-Igbonization policy of successive national governments, which have combined to fracture the Igbo unity to the point where some never hesitate to deny their Igbo heritage either for post-war survival or in exchange of political porridge. It can equally instill commonsense to those who use mere political affiliations or boundaries to assume superior Igbo heritage over the others.   Igbo bu Igbo! The hint is that the South-East and South-South Igbo share a common destiny in the Nigerian experience. And they ought to share good fortunes, as they did past misfortunes. For instance, the South-East Igbo bore (or have continued to bear) the brunt of the first Nigeria coup, led by Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, a South-South Igbo. Similarly, the South-South Igbo were not spared by the actions of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, a South-East Igbo, who led the Biafran war. The bond between the two Igbo groups is not lost in the fact that they have sustained similar voting patterns in national elections, despite postwar feuds, orchestrated by successive national governments.   A Nigerian president of Igbo extraction will not only heal the wounds of the past, it is also a bold step in harnessing the country’s abundant potential towards the greater good. It is an opportunity for equity and justice. It is an opportunity to assuage the long-standing distrust against Igbo-speaking people of Nigeria. It is a profound opportunity for the Igbo to reverse the downward spiral of distrust created among themselves by artificial post-civil war boundaries.   Dr SKC Ogbonnia, a former presidential aspirant, writes from Ugbo, Awgu, Enugu State. Twitter: @ SKCOgbonnia

Opinion AddThis :  Original Author :  SKC Ogbonnia Disable advertisements :  from All Content https://ift.tt/3hqqUgP

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The Misfortune of a Divided Igboland

As anybody who has studied the history of the people of the oil-rich Niger Delta and of its Igboland component would know, all the foreign people who have come across the Igbos have reported their ingenuity, their industriousness, innovation, charity to all as well as their “can-do” spirits. When the utter undermining and underdoing of […]

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Check out New Post published on Ọmọ Oòduà

New Post has been published on http://ooduarere.com/naija-gist/metro-life/2nd-niger-bridge-not-igbo/

The Second Niger Bridge Is Not Igbo Bridge

I have said this before in this column and would like to repeat it; the Second Niger Bridge is not an Igbo Bridge. The South-East cannot claim ownership of the bridge more than Delta and Edo states. Just as the First Niger Bridge did not belong to the Igbo, the Second Niger Bridge can’t. The First Niger Bridge was built to connect the defunct Eastern and Western regions. Neither the Eastern nor Western region laid claim to the bridge.

Similarly, the people of Onitsha don’t own the bridge more than the people of Asaba. Anambra and Delta states are two equally gateway states on the eastern and western flanks of the bridge. As far as the bridge is concerned, the two are equal.

I have never heard or read of politicians/stakeholders in Delta and Edo states laying claim to the bridge as those in the South-East have been doing. The misguided insinuations about the bridge being of more value to the South-East should stop if the people really want the bridge to be completed, otherwise, the powers that be might decide to abandon it if it and nothing will happen.

My comments are a reaction to the recent claim by the Chairman of South-East Governor’s Forum and Governor of Ebonyi State, Dave Umahi, who, over the weekend, reportedly described the pace of work so far recorded by the Federal Government on the Second Niger Bridge as a major achievement for the South-East geopolitical zone.

This is absolutely uncalled for. How is the work done so far by the Federal Government on the bridge a major achievement for the South East and not for the South-South and South-West that are part and parcel of the bridge? How could the South-East claim whatever achievement that has been recorded on the bridge alone without the other zones in the loop?

It bothers me that leaders who ought to be measured in their remarks express flippant talks just for political gratification. President Buhari is not asking for praise because there is not yet any major achievement on the bridge until it is completed. Pillars and cross beams under construction are not the bridge. It is the completion of the bridge that would constitute what may then be called a major achievement. We are hoping that the bridge will be completed and not abandoned. Until then, it is better for politicians to hold their peace.

What the elite should do is to help sort out any encumbrances delaying the work. Something like the court cases pitching the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing with the host communities should be sorted out for the work to continue unhindered.

Work on the bridge began in May, 2015. Ever since then, the rumour mill has been awash with all kinds of speculations. The South-East zone appears to be the most agitated. I would like to stress that the Second Niger Bridge is not an Igbo project. A bridge that equally bestrides Anambra State at Onitsha and Delta State at Asaba cannot belong to the Igbo alone. I, therefore, can’t understand why only the Igbo appear to be too forward about the bridge. Everybody should be calm and stop politicizing the bridge that would, in other climes, go unannounced until it is completed.

For example, last year 2018 October, the Chinese President Xi Jinping, officially opened the world’s longest sea crossing bridge measuring 55 kilometres with its access roads. Nobody heard about it while it was under construction.

But in our own case, not long ago, while the Ohaneze Ndigbo, reportedly warned President Muhammadu Buhari not to stop work on the Second Niger Bridge, the Aka Ikenga also issued a statement condemning the cessation of work on the bridge. Earlier on, the Ohaneze Caretaker Committee lamented that former President Goodluck Jonathan “lied to Ndigbo about awarding a contract for the construction of the Second Niger Bridge. There is no need for all this hysteria from the Igbo.

My fear is that these statements could derail the bridge project rather than enhance it. An attempt to establish the truth led me to investigate the bridge project. The truth is that the bridge does not serve the South-East more than it serves the South-South and South-West that have direct links to it. I am afraid that if this bridge is branded an Igbo project, it would be treated like everything Igbo. The bridge should be left to the Federal Government and the international investors to realise the project.

The first Onitsha-Asaba Niger Bridge was completed in December 1965. Built by the French construction giant Dumez, the bridge linked the defunct Eastern and Western regions of Nigeria. Today, it is the major corridor of trade between the South-East, South- South, South-West and North-Central zones. At the time the bridge was conceived, Nigeria was mainly an agrarian economy. Thus, the bridge served as the avenue for transporting different agricultural products – palm produce, timber, rubber, etc. Prior to the construction of the bridge, these commodities were ferried across the River Niger between Onitsha and Asaba using canoes.

Owing to rapid economic development and population growth, pressure began to mount on the bridge, especially during festive periods. The bridge has been overstretched beyond its capacity. There is apprehension that it might collapse with catastrophic consequences to lives and properties. To forestall such disaster, the idea of a Second Niger Bridge was conceived.

The Second Niger Bridge was on the drawing board for many decades. Successive administrations in the country paid lip service to its construction. It was President Goodluck Jonathan that finally flagged off the construction of the bridge and actual work started. To that extent, it is wrong to accuse Jonathan of lying to Ndigbo about the bridge. Jonathan thought that he would win a second term during which he would complete the bridge. But he lost the election. The history of the bridge cannot be written without mentioning Goodluck Jonathan.

According to information, the project, which is divided into three phases, will bypass Onitsha and Asaba to connect the Owerri-Onitsha Expressway at Nkwerre-Ezunaka, and then cross Atani to the Asaba-Benin Expressway at Okpanam with a total length of 44 km. With this length, the Second Niger Bridge will be competing with the world’s longest bridge in China (55 km)!

The project is being constructed under a Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. A Consortium, JB-NSIA, is working on the project on the basis of Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT), at a total cost of N108 billion. The initial cost estimates may have risen owing to inflation. The Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP), reviewed the concessionaire’s cost of N138 billion down to N108 billion.

The project phases will be constructed under Engineering, Procurement & Construction contracts awarded by the Federal Ministry of Works (FMW). The Federal Government committed to contribute N30 billion (28%) of the project cost. The remaining 72% will be raised by the Consortium under a 25-year concession. The Federal Government has so far committed N18.31billion as at 2015. Out of this, N10.4 billion has been disbursed leaving a balance of N7.94 billion.

A team of local and international consultants was engaged through a rigorous and competitive procurement process. The NSIA has spent the sum of $2.21 million on consultancy and another $247,586 on due diligence to determine project viability. The first-class advisory services are required to enable the project reach financial close – the point at which private capital is successfully raised.

Work on the bridge slowed down some time ago because of the rainy season that naturally stalls engineering construction work. Preliminary physical works have been completed. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), is being done to meet the highest international standards to make the project eligible for long-term financing by local and international financial institutions. The Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) is reviewing the Full Business Case (FBC), and Draft Concession Agreement (CA). Once the ICRC approves the FBC, the CA will be signed and the Consortium will then raise the remainder of the project capital. On the strength of this, recent insinuations that the bridge may not meet highest standard is unproven.

It is in the country’s interest to hold onto this project because any review will definitely raise the cost owing to the depreciation of the naira. The cost of the project was reached at the exchange rate of N154/$. Now the naira exchanges at N350/$. No doubt, Nigerians want to see a second bridge across the River Niger. People should calm down. The bridge project has a development and completion time-frame of 4 years from financial close – point at which private capital is successfully raised. Soon, the countdown for the bridge will start for good if the Federal Government did not waver on this critical Nigerian project.

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