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ukfrislandembassy · 5 months

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Lexember 1 - New man, new conlang

So I've decided I'm actually in with a shot of doing a full Lexember this year, so I'm taking this as an excuse to start a new conlang! Frislandic's nice and all and it's not going anywhere, but 2 years into a PhD at the Surrey Morphology Group has made me want to try out some of the really funky morphological that make up our bread and butter (morphomes, stem alternations, inflection classes, syncretism, defectiveness, overabundance etc.). So I'm taking the opportunity of Lexember to try and fashion a conlang that does more of that stuff that I've been able to add into Frislandic so far. Name tbd; orthography is IPA so phonology should be evident.

So the first word that I'm going to talk about will be a pretty basic one: sok 'man, person'. Simple, right?

Except no, of course not. Firstly, let's have a quick note about the actual inflectional paradigm. The good news; there's only four grammatical cases (let's call them nominative, oblique, ablative and locative for now) and a two-way contrast of number. What's more, these two categories aren't mixed to any great degree. In fact, the ablative/instrumental and locative/allative are pretty consistenly marked with a final -m and -tʃ respectively.

The bad news is everything else. Firstly, there are a series of stems to learn. In the singular this consists of a nominative stem and an oblique stem, the latter serving as the basis for the oher cases, while the plural usually just has the one (separate) stem. However, in this instance we have an additional wrinkle of the plural being suppletive, and furthermore, since this suppletive form arose from what was presumably a collective noun, it exhibits an additional nominative-oblique stem alternation not otherwise found in the language (we'll get to more regular plural stem formation another time, maybe even tomorrow!).

And what are these stems for sok? Well, to make sense of them we need a little bit of history. In the proto-language, the nominative had the shape *sog with a final voiced stop. Normally this consonant would have given a reflex ɣ, but as it came word-finally in this form it was instead devoiced, giving the current shape. However, the oblique stem, like many nouns of this shape, added an echo vowel with stress shift: *soˈgo. Subsequent vowel reduction and syncope gives the current shape sɣo.

A similar story holds for the plural. This was originally *ˈlin(i) in the nominative but *liˈni in the oblique, giving the modern stems ɬinʲ and ɬnʲi respectively (palatalisation in the nominative is inconsistent for some speakers so might be analogical). Use of the nomintive stem is optional: the nominative-oblique contrast is otherwise generally collapsed in the plural, so nobody will get angry at you if you generalise, however the nominative plural here is frequent enough that it's not likely to disappear in the near future.

Putting this all together gives us the following paradigm (Tumblr please give us the ability to make tables natively).

SG PL N sok ɬinʲ~ɬnʲi O sɣo ɬnʲi A sɣotʃ ɬnʲitʃ L sɣom ɬnʲim

#conlang #lexember

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feathered-serpents · 2 years

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How do you get your prints to look so smooth?? I've always seen 3D printed minis with the distracting print lines but yours look great!

Hi! Thank you! You sent this ask MONTHS ago and I started to answer it and then forgot, and have found it in my drafts and now that I have a bit of free time I’m gonna finish it now. So, if you’re still interested in the answer months after you sent the question, here it is:

It’s a mix of things really

1. I use a resin printer (or what I’ve learned is actually called an SLA printer) NOT an FDM printer. I think I say this every time someone asks me about my printer and that’s because when I first started researching printing my own minis I was picturing doing it with an FDM printer as was everyone I’ve ever talked to. So, what’s the difference?

FDM printers print with liquified plastic and look like this

With prints that look like this (I did not make these)

While resin (SLA) printers print with liquified resin and look like this

With prints that look like this

I made these :).

(They’re everywhere actually please help) (also sorry my nails are in view I chew on them)

When you search 3D prints like 90% of the prints you’ll find are FDM and have those big layer lines, resin prints do not but are not as common and there IS a reason for that and that’s because

A) FDM printers are a lot more versatile

B) FDM prints are a lot stronger.

Those cute little octopuses with the dangly tentacles could not be made with a resin printer because they would break in like 30 seconds if they could be printed at all. FDM prints also have practical value like as gears or tubes or straight up prosthetic limbs, resin printers basically JUST print models, and again, there is a reason for that. Resin printers are really good at fine detail

REALLY good at fine detail

But that detail is FRAGILE! I’ve had resin prints break just from being picked up, you CAN print in stronger resin, but that often sacrifices detail, so it’s all a matter of if you want detail or sturdiness.

The settings on your printer also have to do with how smooth they come out. Resin printers make the models by curing the resin with UV light. It’s kind of hard to explain without getting CRAZY technical, but basically, what it does is you pour in the resin as a liquid into a vat at the bottom of the machine, this vat has a clear bottom, separated from a screen that sits directly below it. As it prints, that screen shines UV light in a pattern, and does that layer by layer until eventually it builds into a full model. Here’s an example of what one layer looks like to the machine

(it looks like an ink splotch)

The amount of time spent exposed to this light has a lot to do with the detail. 1.5 seconds is the default for my printer and the setting I’ll use for smaller models, as the less time spent exposed the better for detail. However, for larger models I’ll sometimes do 3 seconds exposure, as that’s more sturdy, and when the details are larger the difference between 3 seconds 1 second is almost completely unnoticeable. While on the smaller models I’ve noticed 3 seconds leaves them looking. Gooey

And resin prints DO still have noticeable layers, they’re just much thinner and easily obscured by paint

Again, this is something you can adjust and is a detail vs strength thing. My printer’s default layer height/thickness is 0.050 millimeters and I have NEVER touched it. That’s plenty small for me

And lastly: You gotta clean them

When you print a resin miniature, it’s still been swimming in a vat of liquid resin for hours on end and is gonna have some excess goo on it. You get that off by dunking it in a bath of IPA alcohol aka a bath of 99.9% alcohol. I keep them in that bath for 6 minutes and use a machine made by the same company that makes the printer specifically for the cleaning process, though some people just put the alcohol in a bucket and dunk the mini and out a few times and that works fine too. I am just lazy

OKAY that was a lot, so TLDR, how do I get my 3D prints so smooth?

1. I use a resin/SLA printer specifically designed for printing models

2. I adjust the settings of this printer based on the size/detail of the model

3. I clean the models thoroughly after printing

That’s it! The printer itself is the most important part here, and I’ve seen some BEAUTIFUL stuff come off of FDA printers! I’ve been thinking about investing in one myself one day, but for now, resin is best for what I need.

#3D printing #my minis #dnd minis #D&D #DND #Dungeons and Dragons

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lilygracies · 10 months

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My first-day writing diary

First, I would say that I decided to create a Tumblr account because I want to record my journey as a normal college student together with finding someone to help me with my writing skills on this platform. This is the place where I used to share my experiences, what I have faced throughout the day, and the whole 4 years of college or you can just simply think that you are reading a silly diary of a Vietnamese girl..hehe... Then give me some feedback about my writing... I'm willing to receive your feedback. Right now, I'm gonna tell you about my 1st day as an English tutor for sixth-grader.

I woke up late in the morning at 7A.M. Then as normal, I grab my phone and surfed Facebook. In Vietnam, we usually do it, that's why the old generation always calls us "The lazy Gen Z". In ancient English, they will call this "Dysania" which is used to describe someone that doesn't want to get out of his/her bed in the morning. I know this is a bad habit but I'm trying to get rid of it recently. At 9AM, I used my motorbike to go to my student's house. His name is Hai. Unfortunately, Hai is busy in his piano class... well actually, I was misheard the day for tutoring him. It was on Thursday but I mistook it for Saturday.... I was waiting for so long that his parent asked Hai's friend to come and study for him instead. The girl is the same age as Hai. She is so elegant, charming, and cute. Because I was prepare my lesson plan carefully and neatly, I was so confident to tutoring her... we learn about the Solar system, doing quizzes and game..that was just so Amazing...We talk to each other and she told me that her sister was studying in Finland at Aalto University in Espoo. I thought her family is rich and the special thing about her family is they love to study, discover new things, and go outside the world. That is what I wish my family could think about. My family is in the countryside of Vietnam. My parents are both farmers so they did not encourage me to go to university. They just want me to go to Japan or somewhere in the world to work as a manual worker for earning money. But I know I love studying, seeing my sister at college, a wonderful horizon for a study that I never stop dreaming about made me suffer from stress for a long time. My parent says that going to university cost so much money and they can't afford it. At that time, I was crying a lot, I won't tell anybody and stop talking to my parents..... But one day, I don't know why I made a call for my uncle and convince him to talk to my parents to persuade them to allow me to go to college. Then he agrees and there you go... I'm here as a college student. Sometimes, thinking back about that interval, I criticized my parents for that a lot. But it was just not the case right now. I think I've made some small changes recently, reading books (my favorite one is Atomic habits by Jame Clears), learning IELTS, preparing lesson plan and enjoy the world, working in Ho Chi Minh city is a different life from the countryside. I love Ho Chi Minh city sometimes charming, sometimes appealing and dynamic but also lonely. This place give me the opportunity to discover myself, and teach me how to be mature and better day by day even with some stumbling blocks (or a-knock- out I thought). ... I will try 200% effort not for anybody but just for myself... I promise, this is my commitment...

Back to the story of tutoring, when Hai's sister came home after her Pre-IELTS class, she want to learn IPA so I teach her and Hai's friend at the same time. I also play Dan Hauer Video On Youtube for them to learn English and I was so surprised that they like that a lot. Hai's sister is 14 years old but she is so intelligent, she has learned Chinese, piano, extra-math-class, swimming, martial art, etc. I discovered that she like reading books and learning Chinese like me so I will have to teach her these fields as her mother asked me to do.....(sigh...). At 11 AM, the class finish but unfortunately, it rained outside a lot... I went to the dorm in my motorbike with a soggy look.. But I'm still happy... I know I love teaching and I'm enjoying it...

Ho Chi Minh City, Sat 8th July 2023

--Lily Gracies--

#ielts writing #give me your feedback #day 1 writing

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lady-alayna · 2 years

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So. I made an introduction post. I'm officially a writeblr now.

I didn't really reveal a whole lot, though; just said my wip was a Zelda fanfic and casually mentioned I'm making a language for it.

The actual premise can wait. Right now I'm gonna talk about the language part, because it's weirdly interesting and I like it.

So, how do you make a language?

I have no clue, why are you asking me?

Actually though, I don't really know what I'm doing, but what I do know is step one: figure out sounds. Followed by step two: make up some words.

Thankfully, I decided to use the lyrics from Ballad of the Goddess as a starting point for the Hylian language, so those steps are basically done for me.

Mostly. (Buckle up if you don't know ipa notation oops)

See, here's a transcription of the lyrics in ipa:

/en daʃeʋu nobe̞ ʃʊndu/

/tje̞ ʃʊtu ke̞wɛnu sale̞/

/en daʃeʋu nobe̞ dʊʃu/

/tje̞ ʃʊtu nobe̞ dezu dotʃe̞/

I'm not sure exactly how accurate that transcription is, since according to my ventures through the interactive ipa chart, it differs a little from the vocal cover I listened to on YouTube.

Still, though, I pulled every unique sound out, organized them into consonants and vowels, and asked the conlang network discord's thoughts. Based on their feedback, I ended up with this:

consonants: n, b, k, s, z, d, t, l, ʃ, v, h,

vowels: e, o, a, u, i, ɛ

I don't really know if that's comprehensive yet, I haven't yet gone outside the confines of what's in the song. I did assign some meanings to individual words -- don't expect to get much of a translation for the song out of these, there's just not enough there. I did this loosely based off a reddit thread.

/en/ = oh

/nobe/ = no

/daʃevu/ = deceive

/kɛwɛnu/ = world

/sale/ = illuminate

/dezu/ = path

/dotʃe/ = hear

/ʃutu/ = unite

/tje/ = and

/duʃu/ = wind

/ʃundu/ = Queen/princess; daughter of the goddess; female who carries the blood of the goddess

I also decided the basic word order would be Verb, Subject, Object -- and that's as far as I've gotten as of now. Later on, I'll come up with a few more words and try to construct a somewhat detailed set of grammar rules.

I'll definitely keep this blog updated on my progress in making the Hylian language; I don't know that I'll create an entire dictionary and grammar guide, though, unless it's something people want. It's meant for use in my fic, not really as a what-would-hylian-sound-like theory piece.

Anyway, bit of a niche post, but it's what I've got right now. Might dive into some crazy theory-inspired lore in a later post.

#writing #writeblr #fanfic #hylian language #worldbuilding #conlang #conlanging #fledgeling conlanger figuring it out #ramblings only I care about probably #making languages is cool though #so everyone's gonna hear about it

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yisanged · 2 years

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okay this is a guide for reading romanized korean names I made specifically for the indoctrination of one of my tumblr mutuals as an orv enjoyer but it applies to all korean media. I tried my best to make this actually helpful but the way korean gets romanized is really inconsistent throughout different translations and it's honestly kind of. hell. and I'm also not great with ipa so I might be using it Not Right. I used this wikipedia article to help me though so it should be mostly solid. the format will be [most common romanizations] -> [ipa (example pronunciation)]. examples are american english cause that's what I know... sorry guys. I did my best to cover my bases so I hope this helps a little 😔 also all of this is under the assumption that you aren't striving for native-level pronunciation mastery so I'm gonna give shortcuts and not go into specific details

the source for all of this besides the wikipedia article is korean is technically my first language and I'm told my pronunciation is pretty good. that being said I've grown up in the us of a and have come to be more comfortable speaking english, having never received a formal education in korean, so if anyone wants to correct me. feel free

vowels:

a -> ɐ (spa)

o -> o (sword)

eo/u* -> ʌ (up) -- in the context of this vowel being sandwiched between y (j) and ng (ŋ) it might be spelled young instead of yung or yeong as usual

oo/u* -> u (rude)

ee/i -> i (free but keep it short)

eu -> ɯ (foot)

+ diphthongs

e -> e (rate)

ae -> ɛ (bet)

the above two sound really similar and aren't really distinguished much in terms of pronunciation in modern korean so. nbd

there are others like ui and w/e but I'm gonna skip ipa for those for now because a) these are sounds that just don't come up in english like at all so knowing the ipa probably won't help you and b) the ipa listed in the article really only applies when the diphthongs are being pronounced by themselves and they sound different in different contexts anyways which is usually how they show up so. there's not much point.**

I won't go over all the consonants, since they're mostly self-explanatory, so here's just the ones to note:

g -> g (gust, as opposed to just)

l -> l (pronounced like left)

the korean hangul character used is the same, but if it's at the beginning of the syllable it's usually romanized r -> ɾ (better; alveolar tap)

so roksoo is pronounced ɾok'su with an alveolar tap like the spanish r, not l like in left or r like in run. a note for names with "il" like gilyoung or pildu is that it's probably kind of awkward to pronounce the proper i sound and then the l so it's acceptable to shorten the i to rhyme with "pill" in english. I honestly think it's better that way than trying to make it fit by lengthening the i so that it sounds like "eel" like the animal.

doubled up consonants like in -ssi are just tensed, so like s͈. but the difference between tensed and untensed is subtle and really hard to get so don't worry about it too much. also a note that if s precedes i then it's usually pronounced (and often romanized) sh -> ɕ (sheep). that applies to "-ssi" as well so it's pronounced like sheen anyways without the tensed ss really coming through much

*yeah, "u" gets used to romanize two entirely different sounds. yeah, it gets really confusing. I'm sorry to say that I don't have much practical advice to offer you in knowing which one it is other than figuring out how a particular translation is doing it by looking for the absence/presence of one or the other. unfortunately, like i mentioned at the beginning, inconsistency is rampant in these things and so even that doesn't always work out. the orv tl that I read used sooyoung but also pildu, with "oo" and "u" respectively being the same sound. some people will even use them together within a single name like yoo (juː) joonghyuk (tɕuŋ'hjʌk) becoming yu junghyuk or even yu joonghyuk or whatever in which case. I'm so sorry ***

** I'm not just gonna throw you into the deep end though dw. when preceded by a consonant, how you'll most likely see it in names, ui -> i (free). for example, jung huiwon is spelled like that bc those are the hangul characters used but everyone pronounces it hiː. this'll often just be romanized as hee as well. the "won" in heewon is also a diphthong- it manifests as won but does not involve the o sound at all and is pronounced like wʌn. "oi" is another common one, as in the last name choi. likewise, when preceded by a consonant oi -> something like ɛ (bet). so, choi would be tʃɛ as opposed to tʃɔɪ.

while we're on the topic of weird last names. lee is the most common romanization for a very common korean last name (my last name, actually :o) that's actually just pronounced iː (feel). It's sometimes romanized as yi to reflect this, but I don't think I've ever seen it as i or ee. From experience, if that's how it's spelled, you won't ever get corrected for saying lee with the l, but just for the record that it's technically not the proper pronunciation.

***really the only way to work this out is getting familiar enough with korean names (most of which are pretty formulaic) to register what sounds are likely to appear in a name (du is possible, but dʌ isn't really; jʌ isn't a real korean last name i don't think). either that or leaning to read hangul and looking at the names in the original korean to figure it out. but neither of those are very practical solutions for casual enjoyers. sorry. another issue is figuring out how the syllables are partitioned. most korean names are two syllables. hangul has a really particular way of organizing syllables that doesn't really come through in english; some translators will opt to hyphenate names like kim rok-soo but not all do. the syllables are pretty obvious with some names, but others like sookyung (it's soo-kyung, as opposed to sook-young) are a bit harder. the only good reliable solutions for this are the two I mentioned earlier which again. are more complicated than you'd probably like. if you are willing though it isn't that hard to learn hangul at all it's considered a very logical and easy writing system

like I've said inconsistency is gonna be your biggest enemy in this kinda stuff. I am being a bit dramatic and it won't affect you that much if you stick to reading a single translation for one particular media but. I want to complain about this. it's so bad. btw localization is also a thing that happens sometimes, mostly for fantasy-type stories where the author had "foreign" sounding names in mind when they were writing them. for example cale henituse from trash of the count's family would be more like kaeil henituseu if the name was romanized instead of localized. this is also a source of contention ngl like cale obviously being the preferred tl, but alberu (the romanization(?) for a character in tcf) being generally used more often over the official localization alver

but anyways I know this is all really complicated but I'm glad you're getting into this kind of stuff I hope you like it and I hope this helped somewhat :] happy reading

#hiiii sam I'M SORRY THIS IS SO COMPLICATED but I hope it's at least a little bit helpful #i know you were looking for a guide that was not confusing but this is. pretty confusing i'm sorryyy #if you have any questions please ask i'll do my best to clear it up

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