Notes on women in early printmaking
While in Baltimore for the SCSC this year I attended a panel related to the exhibition Making Her Mark – A History of Women Artists in Europe 1400-1800 at the Baltimore Museum of Art. As part of this, the methodological approaches the curators took towards the attempted identification of female artists amongst the various anonymous objects within museum collections was discussed.
This, apart from being interesting in its own right, sparked something relating to an ongoing conversation I had been having with several other conference attendees about who were all these anonymous formschneider (cutters of the wood blocks for relief print illustrations) who made the images that we were considering. I asked the exhibitions curator, Theresa Kutasz Christensen, about this and she said absolutely, women were involved in the early print industry and there was an essay in the catalogue on this subject.
Yolanda Bonhomme, Extravagantes viginti Joannis Vigesimissecundi…, Paris, 1549.
I fortunately had time to see the exhibition – which was excellent – and get a copy of the catalogue. The essay, by Madeleine C. Viljoen, focused mainly on later intaglio printing in Italy but did highlight the work of the nuns at the convent of San Jacapo di Ripoli in Florence in the late fifteenth century – who I was aware of from their brief employment of Niccolò di Lorenzo in 1480 – and the amazing work of Yolande Bonhomme in Paris in the sixteenth. Bonhomme, from a printing family, ran the press at the sign of the Unicorn and was the first documented woman to print publish an edition of the Bible (in Latin) in 1526. This, while all interesting background stuff, did not really help with the discussion on woodblock printing in the German speaking lands that are my particular focus.
Another essay in the catalogue, on the printing of textile patterns, by Alexa Greist did however have some useful information on the activities of the Augsburg printer Johann Schönsperger the younger who took over his father’s press in ca.1521. Most of the output from this press I am aware of relates, naturally, to radical political and religious pamphlets and merges with the work of Jörg Gastel who appears to have taken many of Schönsperger’s blocks to Zwickau in 1523-4. Following this, between 1525 and 1529 Schönsperger published A New Book of Forms – one of the first commercial pattern books for lace and embroidery.
This work, intended for the emerging “feminine” trades of textile production (see Sebald Beham’s The Spinning Bee, ca.1524), does not necessarily prove the involvement of female labour the workshops of Schönsperger and Gastel at this time. But, taken with the wider discussion on the topic from Viljoen and Kutasz Christensen, can be at the very least be used to demonstrate its possibility. This connection between the radical printers of pamphlets of the “common man” and the female worker gives an important reminder that the assumptions around gender so commonly made about the early history of printing are precisely that – assumptions.
***
Primary sources:
Sebald Beham, Spinning Bee, ca. 1524, Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford.
Yolanda Bonhomme, Extravagantes viginti Joannis Vigesimissecundi…, Paris, 1549. Collection of Lisa Unger Baskin. (Author’s photograph.)
Johann Shönsperger the Younger, Ein ney Furmbüchlein, Augsburg, ca.1525-9. The Metropolitan Museum New York, 18.66.1(1-33). (Available at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354716)
Secondary sources:
Böninger, L., 2021, Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna and the Social World of Florentine Printing, ca. 1470-1493, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Greist, A., 2023, “Prints and Needles: Women Makers and European Textile Pattern Books”, in A.B. Banta, A. Greist and T. Kutasz Christensen (eds.), Making Her Mark – A History of Women Artists in Europe 1400-1800, Fredericton: Goose Lane. 30-41.
Kutasz Christensen, T., 2023, “Too Good to be by a Woman: Locating Pre-Modern Women Makers in Museum Collections” SCSC, Baltimore, MD.
Stewart, A., 2003, “Distaffs and Spindles: Sexual Misbehavior in Sebald Beham’s Spinning Bee”, Faculty Publications and Creative Activity, School of Art, Art History and Design, University of Nebraska – Lincoln. 4. (Available at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/artfacpub/4)
Viljoen, M.C., 2023, “Multiple Challenges or the Challenge of Multiples: Early Modern Women as the Creators of Prints”, in A.B. Banta, A. Greist and T. Kutasz Christensen (eds.), Making Her Mark – A History of Women Artists in Europe 1400-1800, Fredericton: Goose Lane. 58-75.
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Indian Railways seeks 14 Technical Members for Railway Claims Tribunal; selection via qualifications, experience, and interaction.
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Indian Railways seeks 14 Technical Members for Railway Claims Tribunal; selection via qualifications, experience, and interaction.
The Indian Railways is accepting applications for the position of Technical Member in the Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT). The RCT is a statutory authority with its headquarters in Delhi and 23 regional Benches throughout the country. The Technical Member will be assigned to one of these locations upon selection.
There are a total of 14 vacancies for the position of Technical Member, with one vacancy each at various locations such as Ernakulam, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Ranchi, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Jaipur, and Secunderabad. Additionally, there are two vacancies each at Delhi and Mumbai. It is important to note that the number of vacancies and their locations may be subject to change.
Candidates interested in applying for the position should possess experience and knowledge in commercial and claims matters pertaining to passenger and goods traffic on Indian Railways. The eligibility criteria, salary, and other terms and conditions will be regulated by the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021/Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021.
The selection process will be conducted by the Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC), which is established under the Tribunal Reforms Act 2021. The committee will evaluate the applications based on the suitability of candidates for the position, taking into account their qualifications and experience. Shortlisted candidates will be invited for a personal interaction, and the final selection will be based on an overall assessment.
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The advertisement and application form can be downloaded from the Ministry of Railways’ website or the RCT’s website.
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The decision of the selection committee regarding the final selection will be considered final. Candidates should be aware that violating any of the mentioned conditions may result in being debarred from consideration for appointment outside the cadre and in any Autonomous Body/Regulatory Body for a period of three years.
Selected candidates must join within 30 days from the date of issue of the appointment order.
In summary, the Indian Railways is seeking qualified individuals with experience in commercial and claims matters to fill the vacancies for the position of Technical Member in the Railway Claims Tribunal. Interested applicants must submit their applications along with the required documents by the specified deadline. The selection process will be conducted by the Search-Cum-Selection Committee, and the final selection will be based on an overall evaluation.
The Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT) is a statutory authority established under the Railway Claims Tribunal Act., 1987.
The RCT has its headquarters in Delhi and 23 regional Benches located at 21 different locations.
The RCT is inviting applications for the post of Technical Member, with 14 posts available in various locations across India.
The selection for the post will be done by a Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) based on qualification, experience, and personal interaction.
The selected candidate will be governed by the provisions of the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021/Tribunals Reforms Act., 2021.
Indian Railways Experience in Claims Matters – Technical Member Selection
The Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT) is a statutory authority established under the Railway Claims Tribunal Act., 1987.
The RCT has its headquarters in Delhi and 23 regional Benches located at 21 different locations.
The RCT is inviting applications for the post of Technical Member, with 14 posts available in various locations across India.
The selection for the post will be done by a Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) based on qualification, experience, and personal interaction.
The selected candidate will be governed by the provisions of the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021/Tribunals Reforms Act., 2021.
Responsibilities of a Technical Member in Railway Claims Tribunal
Technical Members are responsible for hearing various cases/appeals under the Railway Claims Tribunal Act., 1987.
They evaluate claims related to passenger/goods traffic on Indian Railways.
Technical Members require experience and expertise in commercial and claims matters.
Vacancy Circular – Locations of Technical Member Posts
There are 14 vacancies for Technical Members in Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT).
Locations include Ernakulam, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Ranchi, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Jaipur, Secunderabad, Delhi, and Mumbai.
The number of posts and locations may change based on availability and administrative requirements.
Qualification and Eligibility for Technical Member
Candidates must meet the qualification, eligibility, salary, and other terms and conditions specified in the Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 2021/Tribunals Reforms Act., 2021.
The closing date for the vacancy notice will be considered for reckoning these conditions.
Violation of any conditions may result in debarment from appointment outside the cadre and in any Autonomous Body/Regulatory Body.
Selection Process for Technical Member
The Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) will evaluate applications based on qualification and experience.
Shortlisted candidates will undergo a personal interaction round.
The final selection will be based on an overall evaluation of candidates by the SCSC.
Application Procedure for Technical Member
Eligible candidates should submit their applications through proper channels.
Applications should include a bio-data in the prescribed pro-forma, certificates, clear photocopies of ACR/APAR dossier, cadre clearance, integrity certificate, and vigilance clearance.
The complete application should reach the designated address by 31st December, 2023.
Important Information for Applicants
No major or minor penalty should have been imposed on the candidate during the last ten years.
Candidates should not withdraw their candidature after the selection committee meeting.
If selected, candidates should join within 30 days from the date of issue of the appointment order.
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Include an image or graph related to Indian Railways or the Railway Claims Tribunal to enhance visual appeal and engagement.
Indian Railways Experience in Claims Matters – Technical Member Selection
The Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT) is seeking Technical Members with experience in commercial and claims matters.
14 vacancies are available nationwide, with various locations across India.
The selection process involves evaluating qualifications, experience, personal interaction, and overall assessment.
Join Indian Railways and contribute to the resolution of claims related to passenger/goods traffic.
Apply now and be a part of the Indian Railways experience in claims matters!
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