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US president says war would be 'end' of Iran as tensions rise
US President Donald Trump has issued a stern warning to Iran, suggesting it will be destroyed if a conflict breaks out between the two countries.
"If Iran wants to fight, that will be the official end of Iran," he said in a tweet on Sunday. "Never threaten the United States again!"
The US has deployed additional warships and planes to the Gulf in recent days.
But Mr Trump's tweet marks a shift in tone after recent attempts to downplay the possibility of military conflict.
Only a matter of days ago, the president told aides that he did not want US pressure on Iran to turn into a conflict.
And when asked by reporters last Thursday if the US was going to war, Mr Trump answered: "I hope not."
Iran has also moved to talk down concerns over the escalating tensions. On Saturday, its foreign minister insisted there was no appetite for war.
"There will not be a war since neither we want a war nor does anyone have the illusion they can confront Iran in the region," Mohammad Javad Zarif told state news agency Irna.
Why are there tensions?
The latest frictions come after Iran suspended its commitments under the 2015 international nuclear deal, and threatened to resume production of enriched uranium which is used to make reactor fuel and nuclear weapons.
The deal aimed to cut sanctions on Iran in exchange for an end to its nuclear programme, but the US unilaterally withdrew from the agreement last year.
Calling the deal "defective", Mr Trump then re-imposed sanctions.
Tehran has allegedly placed missiles on boats in the Gulf, and US investigators reportedly believe the country damaged four tankers off the coast of the United Arab Emirates, claims Iran has denied.
What's the latest in the Gulf?
In recent days, the US has deployed the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier to the region and reportedly drawn up plans to send 120,000 troops to the Middle East.
Diplomatic staff have been ordered to leave Iraq, and the US military have raised the threat level in the region because of alleged intelligence about Iran-backed forces - contradicting a British general who had said there was "no increased threat".
Dutch and German soldiers said they had suspended their military training programmes in the country.
On Sunday, the Iraqi military said a rocket had been fired into Baghdad's heavily-fortified Green Zone, which houses government buildings and foreign embassies.
It reportedly hit an abandoned building near to the US embassy. There were no casualties and it is not yet clear who was behind the attack.
Separately, Saudi Arabia accused Tehran of a drone attack on a pipeline on Friday. It alleged that Houthi rebels in Yemen conducted the strike on Iran's orders.
A state-aligned Saudi newspaper called for the US to launch attacks on the country.
Iran denies the allegations.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-48329852
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Google 'restricts Huawei's use of Android'
Google has cut phone maker Huawei off from some updates to the Android operating system, Reuters reports.
New smartphones made by the company will also lose access to Google's app store and software such as Gmail, the news agency's story says..
Huawei declined to comment and Google did not immediately respond to a request for comment from the BBC.
What services precisely will be severed is still being discussed at Google, said Reuters, citing an unnamed source.
Huawei can still use the version of the Android operating system available through the open source license.
'Big implications"
On Wednesday the Trump administration added Huawei to its "entity list", blocking the sale or transfer of American technology without a licence.
"Until there is a clear statement from Google, it is hard to speculate about the ramifications," said Ben Wood, from the CCS Insight consultancy.
"But should the Reuters report be accurate, it would have big implications for Huawei's consumer business."
Several governments around the world have blocked telecoms companies from using Huawei gear in next-generation 5G mobile networks, citing security concerns.
So far the UK has held back from any formal ban.
"Huawei has been working hard on developing its own App Gallery and other software assets in a similar manner to its work on chipset solutions. There is little doubt these efforts are part of its desire to control its own destiny," said Mr Wood.
Short-term damage for Huawei?
By Leo Kelion, BBC Technology desk editor
In the short term, this could be very damaging for Huawei in the West.
Smartphone shoppers would not want an Android phone that lacked access to Google's Play Store, its virtual assistant or security updates, assuming these are among the services that would be pulled.
Longer term, though, this might give smartphone vendors in general a reason to seriously consider the need for a viable alternative to Google's operating system, particularly at a time the search giant is trying to push its own Pixel brand at their expense.
As far as Huawei is concerned, it appears to have prepared for the eventuality of being cut off from American know-how.
Its smartphones are already powered by its own proprietary processors, and earlier this year its consumer devices chief told German newspaper Die Welt that "we have prepared out own operating systems - that's our plan B".
Even so, this move could knock its ambition to overtake Samsung and become the bestselling smartphone brand in 2020 seriously off course.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48330310
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Organ Stealing and Slave Driving Rampant Among鈥擯lankton
Everyone knows the ocean is full of plankton. How else would whales eat? What you may not know is how slippery and underhanded said plankton can be. Really, it deserves to get eaten by those whales.
Because as it turns out, according to a 2017 study, about half of the microscopic plankton traditionally thought of as animal-like - that is, completely dependent on eating things to survive - have a dirty little secret: they also have the option of making their own food, but only after capturing an innocent green microbe and ... well, it's not nice.
They may engulf and enslave them.
Or they my simply eat them and steal their chloroplasts.
The perpetrators are complex single-celled organisms that are fascinating to watch. Here is Dinophysis sucking the chloroplasts out of a hapless victim.
And here is Strombidium, doing its best impression of a winged canopic jar or flying heart. There appear to be lots of orange-ish chloroplasts stuffed inside. It periodically inflates and deflates some sort of organelle (a contractile vacuole?), giving he impression of breathing.
This Mesodinium is a bowling pin-shaped creature whose cilia appear to rotate.
Here's Noctiluca scintillans, a protist that takes photosynthetic hostages but also lights up when disturbed, giving it the nickname "sea sparkle". This individual is lazily waving a flagellum, whose usual function is to stuff food inside and sweep waste out. The baggy body appears to be empty of involuntary house guests.
Although completely unrelated to the topic of this post, add some serious joy to your day with this video of Nocitluca's bioluminescent capabilities.
Upending previous assumptions that such plankton are oddballs, the 2017 analysis of oceanographic encounters with these organisms revealed that they are "ubiquitous and abundant".
The catch-and-enslave type is found most often in the open ocean where food and victims are scarce. Better to ensure a steady supply of eggs than to fry the chicken straight away when you're not sure when you'll find your next bird.
The strip-and-consume type is more abundant in the marine equivalent of a 24-hour KFC, such as coastal and upwelling zones with nutrient-rich waters. They need a conveyer belt of prey to keep them well stocked in chloroplasts and essential nutrients.
The authors of this study heartily encouraged the creators of ocean models that do not take this rather significant new finding of unsuspected photosynthesis into account to, you know, fix them.
Reference
Leles, S. G., Aditee Mitra, Kevin J. Flynn, Diane K. Stoecker, Per Juel Hansen, Albert Calbet, George B. McManus et al. "Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1860 (2017): 20170664.
source:https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/organ-stealing-and-slave-driving-rampant-among-plankton/
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Moon Blobs, Collapsars and Long Planets
Moon Blobs
The origin of Earth's Moon has long been a puzzle. Solving this conundrum has deep implications for the nature of planetary formation, Earth's geophysical and geochemical history, and for that elusive quality of we call habitability for small rocky worlds across the Universe.
In essence; the question is how the rocky parts of the Moon and Earth got to be so similar in elemental composition. The most favored hypothesis is that an early version of the Earth was hit by another planet-scale object some 4.5 billion years ago. That 'Giant Impact' could have mixed up material from the two bodies, and as the Moon assembled from the detritus it would naturally share a composition with the larger Earth.
But getting all aspects of this picture to fit with the observed properties of the Earth-Moon system is not so easy. That leaves room for other possibilities, such as the 'synestia' idea where both the Earth and Moon formed from the same spinning cloud of molten filth left from an even larger proto-planetary collision. Now another proposal has been made by Hosono et al. where there was indeed a collision involved, but the Earth at that time was already a molten world - an ocean of magma. Rather than a Giant Impact this might have been a Giant Splash, making it much easier for blobs of material from the early Earth to be flung into orbit to coalesce as the Moon, with its near identical composition.
The challenge of decoding what's right under our noses is a sobering reminder of the complex questions involved in learning about planetary histories.
Collapsars
As I wrote in a recent piece here, the origin of certain heavy elements on Earth is getting a lot of astrophysical attention these days. Researchers are particularly focussed on the r-process elements, thought to be forged in environments of intense neutron flux. Since the gravitational-wave detection of neutron star collisions these 'kilonova' events have become a hot favorite (no pun intended) for producing much of the gold, platinum, and uranium in the Galaxy.
But there are other options. A new study by Siegel, Barnes, and Metzger published in Nature suggests that an even rarer astrophysical event - the 'collapsar' - might actually fit the bill for dominating r-process element production. A collapsar is a rapidly spinning massive star that winds up collapsing and creating a supernova. As part of this process a disk of material forms, spinning and accreting on the central mass. That disk resembles the environment in neutron star mergers where lots of r-process elements are thought to be produced. In fact, as this research shows, a collapsar event might expel even more of these heavy elements. The upshot being that, despite their rarity, collapsars could produce more than 80% of the r-process elements in the Universe.
Exactly which phenomenon will win out in the end remains to be seen. The heaviest elements play critical roles in the formation and geophysical history of planets, so understanding their origins has broad implications.
Long Planets
There's a dirty little not-so-secret secret about exoplanets: The vast majority of our discoveries to date have been strongly biased towards worlds on comparatively small, short-period orbits. The simple reason being that techniques like transit detection or radial-velocity measurement generally need to catch repeat orbits, or have very long data timelines in order to allow confidence in the reality of the planets that show up.
But it is these longer-period planets - akin to worlds like Jupiter or Saturn in our own solar system - that are essential for testing our ideas of planet formation and for filling in the blanks on whether a system has the right stuff for supporting life on any of its worlds.
Finding planets like these takes patience and forward planning. Now a study by Rickman et al. has yielded the fruits of 20 years of astronomical observation using Geneva University's EULER telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. Specifically, the team has revealed a haul of five newly-identified objects circling their stars with orbital periods of between 15 and 40 years. Three of these are hefty gas-giant worlds, two are likely brown-dwarf or sub-stellar objects weighing in at more than ten times the mass of Jupiter.
Slowly we're beginning to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of all exoplanets, not just the most convenient ones.
source:https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/life-unbounded/moon-blobs-collapsars-and-long-planets/
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Switzerland gun control Voters back EU regulations
Voters in Switzerland have backed a tightening of gun laws to conform with European Union regulations.
Almost 64% of voters in Sunday's referendum supported tougher restrictions on semi-automatic and automatic weapons, final results show.
Switzerland is not an EU member, but risked removal from the open-border Schengen Area if it had voted "no".
Nearly 48% of Swiss households own a gun - among the highest rates of private ownership in Europe.
The EU had urged the country to tighten its laws in line with rules adopted by the bloc following the 2015 Paris terror attacks.
The rules restrict semi-automatic and automatic rifles and make it easier to track weapons in national databases.
The EU's initial proposal sparked criticism in Switzerland, because it meant a ban on the tradition of ex-soldiers keeping their assault rifles.
Swiss officials negotiated concessions, but some gun activists argued that the rules still encroached on citizens' rights.
What does the projected result tell us?
Analysis by Imogen Foulkes BBC News, Geneva
Opponents of the new gun laws described them as a diktat from Brussels, being forced on non-EU member Switzerland against its will. The Swiss national identity, with its long tradition of gun ownership, was, they argued, being undermined.
But Sunday's nationwide referendum shows voters think differently: they have overwhelmingly backed the new gun laws, following their government's advice.
The Swiss seem keen to co-operate in the EU's attempts to prevent terror attacks, and to keep their often tricky relations with Brussels as smooth as possible.
Why is the EU concerned about Swiss gun laws?
After the 2015 Paris attacks, the EU issued Schengen members with new restrictions on automatic and semi-automatic weapons.
The rules called for:
The EU hoped the rules would help to protect people across Europe, and prevent a repeat of the 2015 attacks.
Failure to adopt the changes could have forced Switzerland to leave the Schengen zone and the Dublin joint system for handling asylum requests.
What did Swiss officials say?
The Swiss government urged voters to back the changes.
It said gun enthusiasts would not notice the new rules, while adopting them would allow Switzerland to retain its Schengen membership.
Officials said membership of the zone had been beneficial to the economy and to fighting crime.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48328867
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India election 2019 Exit polls suggest Narendra Modi back as PM
India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is on course to win the general election, exit polls suggest.
The BJP and the main opposition Congress party battled it out with powerful regional rivals in a bruising campaign over seven phases of polling.
Results will be announced on 23 May. Analysts warn exit polls have often been wrong in the past.
Many saw the election as a referendum on Mr Modi who won a landslide in 2014.
A party or coalition needs 272 seats in parliament to form a government.
What are the exit polls saying?
Four exit polls saw big wins for the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA), predicting that it would win anywhere between 280 and 315 seats, far more than the Congress party.
However, a Nielsen-ABP news channel poll suggested that the BJP alliance would win 267 seats, falling short of a majority.
This prediction comes despite its projection that the party would lose heavily in the bellwether state of Uttar Pradesh, which sends 80 MPs to parliament, more than any other.
In 2014 the BJP won 71 of the state's seats, and the poll suggests it will lose as many as 51 of those seats to powerful regional parties.
India election
The election began on 11 April and was held in seven phases for security and logistical reasons. With 900 million eligible voters, it is the world's biggest exercise in democracy.
Political parties have not commented on the projections so far. As voting ended, there was a flurry of meetings by opposition leaders, sparking speculation.
What were the key issues this election?
With farming in crisis, unemployment on the rise and growing fears that India is heading for a recession, he economy is perhaps the biggest issue.
Under Mr Modi, the world's sixth-largest economy has lost some of its momentum. Growth hovers around 7% and a leaked government report claims the unemployment rate is the highest it has been since the 1970s.
A crop glut and declining commodity prices have led to stagnant farm incomes, leaving many farmers saddled with debt.
Many also see this election as a battle for India's identity and the state of its minorities.
A strident - and at times violent - Hindu nationalism has become mainstream in the past five years, with increased attacks against minorities, including the lynchings of dozens of Muslims accused of smuggling cows.
And national security is in the spotlight after a suicide attack by a Pakistan-based militant group killed at least 40 paramilitary police in Indian-administered Kashmir in February.
India then launched unprecedented air strikes in Pakistan, prompting Pakistan to respond in kind and bringing the two countries to the brink of war.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-48328259
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Sudan crisis Arrests over protesters' killings
The suspects in the killings of at least five pro-democracy protesters in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, have been arrested, the military council says.
Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo said the men had signed confessions without giving details about their identities or how many they were.
A member of the security forces was also killed in Monday's violence.
Gen Dagalo was speaking before talks between the military and the opposition were expected to resume.
Sudan has been governed by a transitional military council since President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in a coup last month.
Protesters have been demanding full civilian government and the killings happened at a sit-in outside military headquarters in Khartoum.
Demonstrators said soldiers were responsible, but the army blamed "saboteurs".
The authorities believe they have detained the right people.
"Juridical experts have seen footage from two cameras that filmed them. And if we are lying, the cameras don't lie," said Gen Dagalo, who is also known as Hemeti.
Demonstrators have been occupying the square in front of the military headquarters since 6 April, five days before the president was overthrown by the military.
Initially, talks between the ruling generals and the protest organisers had shown little sign of progress.
However, just before Monday night's violence, both sides announced they had agreed on the structure of a new administration and a three-year transition period to civilian rule.
But they still need to decide on the make up of what has been called the sovereign council, which will be the highest decision-making body in the transition period.
They cannot agree on whether civilians or the military should have the majority of positions.
Talks, postponed as the army complained that barricades had been erected outside the designated protest area, are due to restart on Sunday evening.
Road to transition
How did we get here?
In December, protesters started demonstrating against a government decision to triple the price of bread. The protests soon morphed into widespread anger against the president's 30-year rule, led by doctors.
Five weeks into the protests, on 17 January, witnesses said state forces fired live ammunition at protesters and killed a doctor.
He had been treating injured protesters in his home in Khartoum when police fired tear gas into the building.
A witness told the BBC that the doctor had walked out with his hands in the air, told the police he was a doctor and was instantly shot.
He is one of dozens of people killed during the anti-government protests.
The protesters later staged a sit-in outside the military headquarters to demand the military force the president out.
A military council assumed power of the country on 11 April, but demonstrators are insisting that it hands over to a civilian administration.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-48327197
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Failure to Launch Syndrome
Failure to launch: it may be a 2006 Matthew McConaughey movie given one star by Roger Ebert, but more often, it's the growing phenomenon of young adults not making the transition to adulthood.
In most Western countries, young adults are expected to leave the nest. And while they may need a finite amount of time to launch themselves, ultimately, the goal or everyone involved is to see the young adult fly on their own.
But when young adults stay at home, don't search for a job or contribute financially, and begin to withdraw from the world, we have the foundation of failure to launch. Add unrealistic goals, blaming others for their situation, and a lack of motivation to change, and liftoff is almost sure to be grounded.
In the U.S., failure to launch is also known as Peter Pan syndrome, after the famous story of the boy who never grows up. In Japan, a more extreme but related condition is called hikikomori. Described as modern hermits, hikikomori generally withdraw from society before they hit their late twenties, and can remain in the bedroom equivalent of a remote mountaintop cave for years, if not decades.
No matter the culture or the label, failure to launch cases are mostly, but not all, young men. Numbers indicate the problem is increasing. Indeed, in 2014, over seven million American men ages 25-54 were neither working nor looking for work, up 25% from 10 years prior. And while the stereotype of a basement-dwelling man-child evokes labels of "loser," "dropout," or other unflattering descriptors, the phenomenon is more complicated than simplistic labels might indicate.
Why is this happening? Ask a dozen experts, and you'll get a dozen answers: the economy, the number and kind of jobs available, an unwillingness to take on education debt that can't be paid off by lower-level jobs, the decline of rites of passage to adulthood, or the falling frequency of marriage.
All these things may be keeping young adults at home, but the defining feature of failure to launch is foot dragging, delaying, stalling, or flat-out refusal to participate in life. While some young adults living at home are trying mightily to contribute financially or move out, Peter Pans have little intention of doing so.
>>Continue reading "Failure to Launch Syndrome" on QuickAndDirtyTips.com
source:https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/failure-to-launch-syndrome/
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How Train Can Decrease a Lady's Danger for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Researchers say common train can decrease a girl's danger for RA and profit girls who've the painful situation.
Train can typically be a double-edged sword for folks dwelling with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
On one hand, a sure diploma of bodily exercise is inspired for folks coping with the generally debilitating situation.
However, many individuals with RA really feel that almost all kinds of exercises are too tough or painful given their signs.
"I know I feel better if I exercise," Laura Davidson, a Michigan resident with RA, advised Healthline. "But at the same time I know it could also make me more sore. I feel like I'd be healthier if I moved more and maybe eventually have less pain. But the fear of hurting myself or causing a flare-up holds me back."
Davidson is not alone on this sentiment.
Nonetheless, a brand new examine does present that train can profit girls who've RA. Maybe as essential, researchers say train generally is a safety measure in opposition to the illness.
The examine, which was revealed within the medical journal Arthritis & Rheumatology, concluded that ladies with the next stage of bodily exercise might have a decreased danger for ultimately creating RA.
This was decided by first taking a look at their baseline stage of bodily exercise within the two to eight years main as much as their RA analysis.
The individuals of the examine had been a part of the Nurse's Well being Research II. The examine was performed from 1989 by way of 2015. It included data on 116,430 registered nurses in the USA. These nurses had been 25 to 42 years previous on the time of the examine.
The researchers analyzed the information of 113,366 of the ladies after excluding those that had baseline RA or every other connective tissue ailments.
The researchers found there have been 506 instances of RA in the course of the follow-up interval. After adjusting for weight loss program, smoking, and BMI at age 18 years, they discovered that a rise within the common whole hours of bodily exercise per week was related to a decrease danger of creating RA.
The conclusion of the examine confirmed the consequences of bodily exercise on RA and the final significance of some day by day bodily exercise for everybody. Extra energetic people had a 20 p.c decrease danger for seropositive RA and a 14 p.c decreased danger for all types of RA.
Researchers indicated that increased ranges of bodily exercise and decreased extra weight had been related to decreased danger of RA. Additionally they discovered that sitting for longer durations of time could possibly be detrimental for RA signs.
Rheumatoid arthritis and train
Though this examine centered on girls, this is not the primary time a optimistic correlation between train and RA has been mentioned.
Earlier this 12 months, a examine was revealed on the advantages of yoga for arthritis. The Arthritis Basis has additionally shared data from a number of research exhibiting that HIIT (high-intensity interval coaching) might be helpful for folks dwelling with RA.
Nonetheless, Kindle Fisher, a licensed American Faculty of Sports activities Drugs well being and health specialist who's labored rehabbing sufferers by way of bodily remedy, therapeutic massage remedy, and private coaching, defined that not all exercises should be intense in case you have RA.
"Many individuals who suffer from RA worry that exercise will cause more joint damage and pain. But exercise can help lubricate the joints and strengthen the muscles surrounding the affected joints. In a flare, gentle light exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, would be the most beneficial," she advised Healthline.
Fisher provides there are a number of advantages to train for folks dwelling with a power sickness or power ache situation.
"Exercise can also boost your mood and mental health. This becomes important to anyone suffering from RA. It can become frustrating that some days are unbearable while others are tolerable. Increased blood flow promotes healing, so the more you move, the better you feel," she mentioned.
"My body feels pretty good -- knock on wood -- most of the time, so I may not be the same as a lot of people with RA," Jess Z., a Pennsylvania resident, advised Healthline. "However I do really feel more healthy and stronger basically after I routinely work out. After I do really feel sluggish or have RA points, I haven't got the push or want to train. However I do not assume it makes my RA worse by understanding. I've by no means actually labored out and damage the subsequent day from it.
"After I'm actively exercising, I do it for 30 minutes to an hour. I do marvel, although I really feel effective from understanding, whether it is doing a little minor injury to the joints/bones that I simply do not know, since I do nonetheless have RA," she mentioned.
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39 Years Ago Today The Big Ba-Boom
It's the thirty-ninth anniversary of the May 18th, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Some of you reading this were not yet alive when she was whole, or too little to realize how she gripped the country. All eyes were on her: we hadn't had a volcano erupt as explosively in the continental United States since Lassen in 1917. And while we'd been watching her build to a crescendo for months, we didn't expect her to go so big. Even the volcanologists were taken by surprise.
The news that day was full of her. She forms one of my earliest memories, filling our television screen with gray billows of ash. Our neighbors went to visit her shortly after, and came back bearing ash samples and stories of a moonscape. No one could quite wrap their heads around the scale of the devastation, even those who had seen it firsthand. Even now, even as her scars fill with flowers and trees, even as her slopes once again teem with life, seeing the blast zone for the first or twenty-third time is an astounding experience. The amount of damage a stratovolcano can do is stupefying.
If you've never visited her, I recommend swinging by Mount Rainier if you're coming from the north, or one of her other Cascades brothers or sisters if you're arriving from the south or east, to get an idea of before. If you can't manage a visit to one of them, try to spend the first day on her southern flank, where the damage is less immediately apparent. She's incredibly impressive even if you haven't done that, but seeing her blown-out north face is so much more astounding if you've experienced what she was like before the eruption. Getting a sense of what that lateral blast did to mature Pacific Northwest forests makes her all the more impressive.
Pause for a moment, and remember the geologists and others who died that day. Thanks in large part to the unceasing work by Dwight "Rocky" Crandall and Donal Mullineaux, along with many others in the USGS and the emergency services, combined with the great good fortune of the cataclysmic eruption happening on a Sunday, fewer people perished than would have happened otherwise. But volcanoes are dangerous, and Mount St. Helens couldn't help but kill 57 people when she erupted.
Come visit her with me today.
We'll start in the past and work our way up and through the eruption here with Prelude to a Catastrophe and The Cataclysm, my series-in-progress on the 1980 eruption events, starting when two young USGS geologists realized how dangerous she was.
Take a tour of the blast zone and other points of interest with my west side guide.
Let kids investigate her with the best volcano detective book of all time.
And enjoy some absolutely spectacular eruption photos from the 1980s. Need more? I spent ages combing through the USGS archives, so you can have more!
We've been pretty busy lately with volcanic tsunamis and shiny gemstones, but I promise we'll be returning to our favorite volcano very soon. We'll delve further into the geology of her eruptions. We'll explore her meaning to volcanologists. And we'll be approaching her from other directions, delving deep into her past and peering into her future as we go.
I hope you'll join me.
source:https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/39-years-ago-today-the-big-ba-boom/
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Chris Bryant MP 'Traitor' painted on constituency offices
Vandals have painted the word "traitor" across the front of a pro-EU MP's constituency offices.
Labour MP Chris Bryant, who wants the UK to remain in the EU, said the graffiti on his Tonypandy offices would not change his mind on Brexit.
In a defiant tweet on Saturday morning, the Rhondda MP said the people who painted the abuse "underestimate" him.
Mr Bryant blamed "anyone who has poured a bit more bile into the pot" for contributing to a lack of respect.
None of his staff were in the building at the time, but he said it was unpleasant for his staff who had already faced abuse since the referendum in 2016.
He had already increased security at his Dunraven Street office, he added.
"I don't know why anybody would think spending 10 minutes spray-painting names on a shutter will change my mind," he said.
"We didn't used to be a democracy like this - we used to respect each other's opinions."
He told BBC Wales he expected the hostile political atmosphere to continue until Parliament comes to a decision on Brexit.
MPs and campaigners have offered their support on social media.
Former Labour MP Chukka Ummuna tweeted: "This vile intimidation and abuse is appalling. Good for you @RhonddaBryant for standing up to it and for defending our democracy".
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48320619
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Ohio State University doctor 'abused 177 male students'
An athletics team doctor sexually abused at least 177 male students from 1979 to 1997, an investigation by Ohio State University in the US says.
Dr Richard Strauss, who died in 2005, is accused of groping and performing "unnecessary examinations" on young men while treating athletes in 16 sports.
The report stated that university officials failed to prevent the abuse despite complaints from students.
It adds that "inadequate efforts" to investigate were "unacceptable".
In the report published on Friday, investigators said the abuse was carried out at various locations across the campus, including examination rooms, locker rooms, showers and saunas.
Various athletes reported unnecessary genital exams and some students said they believed Dr Strauss' actions were an "open secret" on campus.
"We are so sorry that this happened," Ohio State President Michael Drake said at a news conference, noting that there was a "consistent institutional failure" at the university.
But he also sought to distance Ohio State from the events of more than two decades ago.
"This is not the university of today", he added.
'Dreams were broken'
A number of former students are suing for unspecified damages and have called on the university to take responsibility for the harm they say was inflicted by the doctor.
"Dreams were broken, relationships with loved ones were damaged, and the harm now carries over to our children, as many of us have become so overprotective that it strains the relationship with our kids," Kent Kilgore, a former Ohio state swimmer, said in a statement.
Dr Strauss retired in 1998 and took his own life in 2005.
In May 2018, Michigan State University agreed to pay $500m (PS371m) to 332 gymnasts who were abused by ex-team doctor Larry Nassar.
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-48319878
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Kevin Mallory Ex-CIA agent jailed for spying for China
A former CIA officer has been jailed for 20 years for disclosing military secrets to a Chinese agent, the US justice department says.
Kevin Mallory, 62, was found guilty of several spying offences following a two-week trial last June.
The fluent Mandarin speaker from Leesburg, Virginia, held top-level security clearance and had access to sensitive documents.
He was convicted of selling secrets to China for $25,000 (PS19,600).
Evidence at his trial included a surveillance video which showed him scanning classified documents onto a digital memory card at a post office.
He also travelled to Shanghai to meet with a Chinese agent in March and April 2017, the justice department said.
"Mallory not only put our country at great risk, but he endangered the lives of who put their own safety at risk for our national defence," US attorney Zachary Terwilliger said in a statement.
"This case should send a message to anyone considering violating the public's trust and compromising our national security," he added. "We will remain steadfast and dogged in pursuit of these challenging but critical national security cases."
The Justice Department said Mallory held a number of sensitive jobs with government agencies.
He had worked as a covert case officer for the CIA and as an intelligence officer for the Defense intelligence Agency (DIA).
"This case is one in an alarming trend of former US intelligence officers being targeted by China and betraying their country and colleagues," Assistant Attorney General John Demers said following the sentencing.
Earlier this month, ex-CIA agent Jerry Chun Shing Lee pleaded guilty to spying for China. Prosecutors said the naturalised US citizen was paid to divulge information on US covert assets.
And last June, former US intelligence officer Ron Rockwell Hansen was also charged with attempting to spy for China.
He attempted to pass on information and received at least $800,000 (PS600,000) for acting as a Chinese agent, the justice department said at the time.
CIA spy operation in China: Key dates
source:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-48319058
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Iron Deficiency Anemia Will not Cease Dancing with the Stars' Carrie Inaba
The "Dancing with the Stars" decide and co-host of "The Talk" opens up about residing with iron deficiency anemia.
About six years in the past, dancer, choreographer and TV host Carrie Ann Inaba observed one thing was off.
Athletic, energetic, and wholesome all through her life, she was at all times used to being excessive vitality. She beloved to kickbox and dance, and felt invigorated transferring between her completely different skilled worlds of dance and tv.
That is why she knew one thing was off when she began to really feel chronically drained -- a whole 180 from her typical quick tempo.
"I was fatigued and very pale. I had symptoms that sound like what happens when people are getting older. I went from a super active lifestyle to not doing anything. I gained weight, I was on 'Dancing with the Stars,' and I was not feeling good about myself," Inaba instructed Healthline.
Inaba realized she had iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
What's it?
IDA is situation the place your physique would not have sufficient iron to supply the correct amount of hemoglobin in purple blood cells, in response to Mayo Clinic. Hemoglobin performs a task in transporting oxygen all through the physique's tissues.
Immediately, Inaba is the celeb face of "Get Iron Informed," an IDA consciousness marketing campaign from Japanese pharmaceutical firm Daiichi-Sankyo, Inc.
Inaba stated she's at all times seen herself as an advocate for individuals taking higher care of their well being. She stated that as somebody who lives with a situation that must be monitored and handled, it was vital to be a part of an effort that encourages individuals to "develop good connections with doctors, to open a dialogue with the trusted people on your side."
"I thought, 'I should talk about this.' It affects about 5 million adults -- males and females -- in America," she added.
"I thought it would be important to encourage people to go to their doctors, get the proper testing, find out if they have iron deficiency anemia. It's very important to live a healthy life."
The info behind IDA
Whereas Inaba skilled fatigue and pale pores and skin on account of her IDA, the situation has a spread of different signs.
Individuals with the situation can even expertise weak spot, chest ache, quick heartbeat or shortness of breath, complications and lightheadedness, chilly palms and ft, irritation and soreness of the tongue, brittle nails, odd and out-of-character cravings for nonnutritious objects like ice or starch, and a poor urge for food, in response to Mayo Clinic.
Inaba stated that earlier than she was recognized, she had by no means even heard of the situation and apprehensive host of different illnesses might be affecting her.
This is not unusual. Dr. Stephanie Martin, DO, the medical director and co-owner of Medical Ideas in Obstetrics, LLC, in Brentwood, Tennessee, can also be affiliated with the marketing campaign and stated that folks can usually go for years unaware that they've the situation.
"It's a story you hear from a lot of patients that the symptoms can either be nonexistent or it's very possible patients have no symptoms at all or that the symptoms might be mild or mimic other conditions. Symptoms like fatigue or anxiety are not specific or unique to IDA, so it is common for people to jump to other possibilities," Martin stated.
Nonetheless, testing for IDA is fairly easy.
Josh Sasine, PhD, the director of the CAR T Program at UCLA's Jonsson Complete Most cancers Middle, instructed Healthline fundamental blood check is used to search for anemia.
Sasine, who just isn't affiliated with the marketing campaign, stated that some individuals can in actual fact have iron deficiency with out having anemia -- one thing that's usually glossed over.
Dwelling with IDA
Martin stated that there are a number of teams of people who find themselves significantly in danger for IDA. These embody girls and infants who do not get sufficient iron by system or breast milk.
Mayo Clinic reviews that individuals who incessantly donate their blood and a few vegetarians who do not eat meat and do not complement their diets with different iron-rich meals are additionally at excessive danger.
Since IDA is such a variable situation, there isn't any one-size-fits all strategy for find out how to deal with it.
Inaba stated that she will get iron infusions twice a 12 months to extend her physique's iron ranges. Sasine stated that remedies fluctuate relying on explanation for IDA and severity.
"Sometimes it can be mild and fixed with dietary changes alone," he defined.
"Other times, iron supplementation is required, and these often have gastrointestinal side effects -- mainly nausea and constipation. Rarely, we need to replace it intravenously if it can't be absorbed through pills. This can be done with one or two IV doses."
As a result of kids and infants are significantly in danger for IDA, Dr. Lee R. Atkinson-McEvoy, a pediatrician at UCSF Benioff Youngsters's Hospital, instructed Healthline that it's typically beneficial that infants be screened with a blood check for IDA at 12 months previous.
Extra screening is completed based mostly on whether or not they have every other elevated danger elements.
"The symptoms of anemia are very generic, and it is generally standard practice in the workup for many problems -- tiredness, school difficulty, hyperactivity, et cetera -- to do a CBC (complete blood count) screening for anemia," stated Atkinson-McEvoy, who just isn't a part of the attention marketing campaign.
"Given the general symptoms, it is common that parents or people themselves do not recognize that they may have symptoms due to anemia. The common cause for anemia in children is inadequate intake, although overall in all populations blood loss is the most common cause."
She added that in adolescent ladies, anemia can happen with heavy menses. Extra consumption of cow's milk can also be a trigger, as are persistent illnesses like kidney illness.
Therapy clearly entails taking iron and rising iron-containing meals in an grownup or kid's eating regimen, Atkinson-McEvoy added.
She stated that most individuals who develop anemia expertise a interval of iron deficiency "without the anemia part" first. As soon as the provides of iron are critically low to the extent that they affect an individual's skill to make hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen to tissue, then the anemia begins.
"Once iron deficiency is found, we must not only replace the iron stores, but find why it went down in the first place," Sasine added.
"Occult blood loss, especially in the gastrointestinal system, should be tested, unless there is an established alternative etiology (the cause of a disease)."
'I like to assist individuals'
Immediately, Inaba says she's feeling higher than ever. The favored decide on "Dancing with the Stars" was named a co-host of "The Talk" earlier this 12 months.
When she thinks again on her analysis six years in the past, she stated she was relieved to place a reputation to what was happening together with her physique.
"Not knowing is the worst part -- your imagination is the worst, you keep thinking, 'What could it be?'" Inaba stated.
She added that it is vital everybody change into their very own greatest advocate for his or her well being -- if one thing's incorrect, do not be afraid to ask your physician. In actual fact, she encourages individuals to really feel empowered to take action.
When requested why she makes use of her celeb as a platform to direct a clarifying highlight on this specific problem, Inaba stated it was a no brainer to get entangled.
"It made sense to me be a part of it," she stated. "I love to help people."
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Votes at 16 Polling professional says there is no such thing as a demand
Votes for 16-year-olds in UK elections are all however inevitable, however there is no such thing as a public demand or apparent benefit to it, a voting professional has stated.
A invoice presently going by means of the Senedd would decrease the voting age on the 2021 Welsh Meeting election.
Prof Philip Cowley stated proof instructed 16 and 17-year-olds have been much less prone to vote than older teams.
However the chair of the panel that backed votes at 16 in meeting polls stated the transfer might revitalise democracy.
Sixteen and 17-year-olds voted for the primary time within the Scottish independence referendum in 2014 and might now participate in Scottish parliament and native elections.
They'll additionally vote in Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man.
Prof Cowley, from Queen Mary College of London, has written to the Welsh Meeting saying proof from different nations with a decrease minimal voting age suggests general turnout would drop, as a result of turnout for 16-and 17-year-olds tends to be decrease than different teams.
This was except, he stated, cash was spent to particularly goal the age group, like within the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum when 16-year-olds voted for the primary time within the UK.
"If young voters are ready to vote, then we should not need to allocate specific resources to mobilise them," he instructed BBC Sunday Politics Wales.
"That we do, indicates that they are not ready."
He added: "Even a few of the belongings you used to have the ability to do on the age of 16, say 10 or so years in the past, you possibly can now not do, issues like smoking, shopping for a firework for instance, going right into a tanning sales space.
"All of those have modified just lately and in the event that they've modified in any respect, they've have a tendency to alter upwards in direction of 18.
" is coming. I feel you possibly can see with what's occurring in Wales, what's already occurring in Scotland. The stress will then construct up for elsewhere within the UK.
"When it occurs, I do not assume any of the benefits which are being claimed for it is going to manifest themselves however it's most likely inevitable."
Prof Laura McAllister was chair of the professional panel that, as a part of its report on how the Senedd might be developed, really helpful votes for 16 and 17-year-olds in Welsh Meeting elections.
She stated reducing the vote could be a mechanism to revitalise democracy, "notably if you happen to align that with a programme of correct political training by means of the curriculum, and in an extra-curricular atmosphere".
"We all know that getting younger individuals concerned within the voting course of, while they're nonetheless in a safe atmosphere, usually residing at house, is prone to be extra profitable than it's at 18 once they've both left house to go to college or coming into a extra turbulent part of their life by way of change."
She stated, trying on the proof from parliamentary and native elections in Scotland, 16 to 18-year-olds voted in bigger numbers than 18 to 25-year-olds.
"In order that tells you one thing at the very least in regards to the potential that there's to have interaction younger individuals within the political course of," she added.
BBC Sunday Politics Wales is broadcast on BBC One Wales at 11:00 BST on Sunday and is then obtainable on BBC iPlayer.
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How Your Signs Change All through The Day
Many illnesses have common each day variations in threat or signs tied to the physique's inner clock.
Like others within the trendy world, you most likely spend a variety of your day residing by the clock.
Your physique does the identical factor with a lot of its inner capabilities, besides that the clock it makes use of is not on a smartphone.
The physique truly has many organic "clocks" that create the physique's circadian rhythms -- the bodily, psychological, and behavioral adjustments that observe a each day cycle. And now researchers are uncovering how remedy for situations might be improved with by working with these "clocks."
There is a grasp clock within the hypothalamus within the mind. That is set by the sunshine and darkish cycle in your setting. There are additionally many peripheral clocks composed of molecules in cells all through the physique.
Scientists suppose that, basically, the circadian system optimizes the functioning of the physique. However for individuals with sure illnesses, the circadian system could make signs worse at particular occasions of the day.
Every day patterns in illnesses
A number of illnesses present common each day variations of their threat or severity of signs.
Heart problems. The chance of getting a coronary heart assault or stroke is highest within the morning. There's additionally a second, however decrease, peak within the night for stroke.
These patterns coincide with adjustments in elements that may have an effect on cardiovascular operate, corresponding to stress hormone ranges, coronary heart fee, or exercise of the autonomic nervous system.
Colds or infections. One research discovered that fever peaked within the night for bacterial an infection and within the morning for viral an infection.
In one other research, nasal secretions throughout a chilly have been highest within the early morning, decreased through the day, and elevated slightly within the night.
Bronchial asthma. For most individuals, bronchial asthma signs are worse at evening than through the day. This coincides with a worsening of lung operate.
Seasonal allergic reactions. Seasonal allergy signs -- sneezing, stuffy nostril, and pink, itchy eyes -- are extra widespread within the morning in comparison with the remainder of the day.
Physique clock and habits have an effect on signs
Though many illnesses observe each day patterns, elements aside from circadian rhythms may also play a component.
For instance, with nighttime bronchial asthma, mendacity down or sleeping might contribute to an individual's signs.
Steven Shea, PhD, a circadian rhythm researcher at Oregon Well being and Science College in Portland, stated these elements, together with circadian rhythms, "add together to make asthma symptoms even worse for some people during the night."
With coronary heart assaults, the psychological stress of preparing for work may contribute to the upper threat of coronary heart assaults within the morning. This will differ all through the week.
"Monday morning is the worst time for heart attacks because it's also the first day of the workweek back at work," stated Courtney M. Peterson, PhD, an assistant professor of vitamin on the College of Alabama at Birmingham's Diet Weight problems Analysis Middle.
"This is an example of a combined effect due to the circadian rhythm, or biological clock, and behavior or what's going on with your life," stated Peterson.
Shea's lab runs managed research to additional perceive how circadian rhythms contribute to each day illness patterns.
In a single research, the researchers discovered that the rise within the hormone epinephrine after train was twice as excessive at 8:30 a.m. because it was at 4:30 a.m.
Epinephrine performs an essential position within the cardiovascular system's response to emphasize. It causes a variety of physiological adjustments, corresponding to elevated coronary heart fee and blood stress, and extra speedy respiration.
This research was accomplished in wholesome people, however Shea is now doing the identical analysis in individuals susceptible to coronary heart issues, corresponding to older adults and other people with weight problems or hypertension.
"We're now looking at people with sleep apnea and asking them to exercise at different times of day and night in the lab," stated Shea, "looking at their physiological responses to different challenges at different times."
Staying wholesome with the physique clock
Understanding how circadian rhythms have an effect on illness severity may also assist docs deal with illnesses extra successfully -- what's often known as chronotherapy.
A few of this has to do with timing medicines to match the circadian rhythms.
One research discovered that taking hypertension medicines at evening might have a much bigger impact on reducing blood stress.
Different analysis has checked out whether or not individuals's signs of bronchial asthma and allergic reactions could possibly be improved in the event that they took medicines at sure occasions of day.
Shea stated moderately than taking a drug so you have got the best dose within the blood all through the day, you are taking the treatment so it peaks on the time of day when it is handiest.
"By doing this, you could reduce the side effects and the cost of the drugs," stated Shea, "but you may also improve the efficacy."
One other method is to present individuals vaccinations when their immune system is most definitely to provide a useful immune response.
One research discovered that older adults produced extra antibodies in response to the influenza vaccine in the event that they have been vaccinated within the morning in comparison with the afternoon.
Healthiest occasions to eat
The timing of medicines and vaccinations is just one sort of chronotherapy.
Peterson research how shifting while you eat impacts well being.
"There's more and more evidence that the time of day that you eat has an effect on health," stated Peterson.
In a single research, she put males with prediabetes on both a 12-hour or 6-hour feeding schedule. Males on the shorter schedule -- often known as time-restricted feeding -- completed dinner by three p.m. every day.
Consuming earlier and over a shorter interval improved the lads's insulin sensitivity, lowered their blood stress and, surprisingly, lowered their starvation within the night.
This research mixed each consuming in accordance with circadian rhythms and intermittent fasting, so it is troublesome to know the circadian results alone.
However Peterson stated that different analysis has discovered that consuming extra of your each day energy for breakfast and lunch -- even with out altering the time of meals -- improves blood sugar management and different threat elements for weight problems and sort 2 diabetes.
This dietary analysis remains to be in its early levels, with no massive scientific trials but. However as bigger research are accomplished, the consequences of mealtime on well being will develop into extra clear.
"I expect in the next 10 years that we'll probably have clear national dietary guidelines on meal timing," stated Peterson.
The underside line
Researchers are studying extra about how your circadian rhythms have an effect on your total well being. The physique has many organic "clocks" that create the physique's circadian rhythms -- the bodily, psychological, and behavioral adjustments that observe a each day cycle.
Knowledge has proven that coronary heart assaults usually tend to happen within the morning, whereas bronchial asthma signs and fever usually tend to be worse within the afternoon and night.
Researchers are hoping to find methods individuals can keep wholesome by harnessing their circadian rhythms.
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Widespread Food regimen Complement Might Assist with Coronary heart Well being
Glucosamine might assist decrease threat of heart problems, in accordance with a brand new examine.
A preferred and extensively used dietary complement for joint ache is also helpful on your coronary heart.
In keeping with new analysis printed in The BMJ, ordinary use of the complement glucosamine was discovered to be related to a considerably decrease threat of heart problems (CVD) and its extra extreme penalties like stroke.
Nonetheless, researchers level out that regardless of this affiliation, their work would not set up a causal hyperlink between glucosamine and higher CVD outcomes.
"Our study suggests a potential new beneficial effect of glucosamine on cardiovascular health. The practical implication would be upon further evidence from future studies, such as clinical trials, that verify such effects as causal," mentioned Dr. Lu Qi, a professor within the division of epidemiology at Tulane College and one of many examine's authors.
Nonetheless, the information from the examine is powerful.
Glucosamine and a doubtlessly more healthy coronary heart?
Utilizing nationwide well being assets in the UK, Qi and his colleagues checked out outcomes of practically a half-million individuals. People reported complement use and have been adopted, in some circumstances, as much as 10 years. Throughout that point any occasions associated to CVD have been recorded.
Not one of the examine contributors had CVD at first of the examine.
Through the follow-up time, those that reported utilizing glucosamine had a 15 % decrease general threat of CVD occasions. It was additional related to a 9 to 22 % decrease threat of CVD demise, coronary coronary heart illness, and stroke, in comparison with nonusers.
Different specialists say that the outcomes look promising, however extra work must be accomplished to ascertain a mechanism for glucosamine's potential advantages for coronary heart well being.
"The event reduction effects attributed to glucosamine will need to be proven in a randomized control study looking at a specific dose, specific formulation, and regimen," mentioned Dr. Man L. Mintz, director of cardiovascular well being and lipidology at Sandra Atlas Bass Coronary heart Hospital in Manhasset, New York. "I think this is a promising first step in looking for another tool to reduce cardiovascular events."
Mintz wasn't affiliated with the examine.
This is not the primary examine to pay attention to glucosamine's helpful relationship with CVD.
Its outcomes are in keeping with an Australian examine from 2012 of 266,848 adults 45 years and older. Researchers discovered a detrimental affiliation between taking glucosamine, coronary heart illness, and different cardiovascular circumstances.
The authors of that examine famous that this "revealing" discovering warranted additional investigation.
What's glucosamine doing?
Nonetheless, there stays a big unknown: If glucosamine is in truth protecting for the center (and that is nonetheless an enormous if), how does it work?
The reply simply is not clear.
"The data on mechanisms are limited. Currently we know little about how glucosamine may affect cardiovascular health," mentioned Qi.
However, as Qi factors out within the examine, there are some theories.
Irritation is widespread amongst coronary heart illness and stroke sufferers, and it is believed to play a task in heart problems. Glucosamine seems to have anti-inflammatory properties, which might due to this fact be preventive.
"The mechanism of this benefit is unknown, but certainly the anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine could be important and account for these thought-provoking findings," mentioned Mintz.
One other principle is that glucosamine supplementation might mimic sure organic results of a low-carbohydrate food plan that assist decrease threat of CVD.
Qi and his colleagues level out a 2014 animal examine that discovered glucosamine prolonged the life span of getting old mice as attainable proof of this.
Scientific trials can be a needed subsequent step to raised perceive whether or not glucosamine actually advantages coronary heart well being.
Glucosamine is a naturally occurring substance discovered inside the physique that is acknowledged for its position in sustaining the cartilage between joints.
It is typically protected for most individuals at a dosage of 1,500 milligrams per day. Nonetheless, it may possibly trigger some adversarial reactions, together with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach ache.
People with shellfish allergic reactions and people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take glucosamine.
Regardless of its reputation for the therapy of osteoarthritis, glucosamine stays considerably controversial, as proof of its effectiveness is blended.
The underside line
Glucosamine, a preferred dietary complement for arthritis and joint ache, is also helpful for heart problems (CVD).
New analysis that included practically a half-million contributors discovered that habitually taking glucosamine was related to 15 % decrease general threat of CVD occasions, in comparison with nonusers.
It was additional related to a 9 to 22 % decrease threat of CVD demise, coronary coronary heart illness, and stroke, in comparison with nonusers.
Researchers say there's not sufficient proof to help a causal hyperlink between glucosamine supplementation and decrease CVD threat.
Glucosamine is extensively accessible in the US. Its effectiveness in treating arthritis and joint ache stays unclear, regardless of its reputation.
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