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sabyfangirl16 · 1 year

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Red Squirrels

On his way to finding red squirrels, Martin had a strange feeling he was being watched but couldn't quite put his finger on it. His thoughts were suddenly interrupted by a pine cone falling on his head.

"Ow!" he cried out. While rubbing the ache on his head, he looked up to see a particularly small creature swiftly running accross a tree branch, giving his eyes a hard time to catch the movement.

Martin gasped. Could it be?

In order to find out, he climbed the coniferous tree on which he saw the blurry figure on.

Once all the way up on the branch, he looked around, only to find... Nothing? The creature was nowhere to be seen!

Confused, Martin rubbed his head as his eyes caught another strange movement on the ground. He squinted his eyes, this time catching a small reddish ball. Briskly, he carefully made his way back down.

As soon as his feet met the snow, he turned around only to be hit by more disappointment than before. Frustrated, he huffed.

"Alright, show yourself wherever you are!"

Realizing he was being too loud, he worked on changing the tonality of his voice, making it as calm as before. "Please?"

Suddenly, the bushes around him started moving, startling him. He backed away, only to bump into one of the conifers. His eyes scanned his surroundings rapidly, catching a third movement, a forth, and a fifth... He was starting to feel dizzy.

He shook his head before recognizing mysterious tiny figures approaching him. His eyes widened as an army of red squirrels gathered around him, encircling him.

Astounded, he knelt down to salute the little rodents. "Uhh, hey guys? Why'd you mess with me like that?"

The squirrels silently looked at him before scattering, each in a random direction. Martin quickly got up, sensing something was out of place.

The sudden sound of footsteps followed by- "Happy birthday Martin!" Made Martin almost jump out of his skin. He looked around in surprise, not expecting to find the crew standing right behind him.

"Guys? What was this all about?"

The crew roared with laughter at his reaction.

"Sorry, bro, hahaha! We couldn't resist," let out Chris, still laughing hard.

"Yeah! You should've seen your face! Hahaha..." Aviva added.

The crew kept laughing as Martin gave them an annoyed look...only to join in with them. "Hahaha... Well, I guess it was kinda funny," he said admitingly.

"Hey, where'd all the squirrels go?" Koki asked all of a sudden. Everyone stopped laughing.

"Wait, they were right here! Where could they have gone?" Chris said, worry in his voice.

At that moment, a huge pink vaccum-like machine emmereged from the trees, catching the crew by surprise. They all yelled as they jumped out of its way, landing in soft snow.

Martin spat out bits of snow before looking up, only to find-

"Donita? Gourmand?!" he let out with a shocked voice. The two villains cackled evilly.

The crew's attention turned to the poor creatures trapped within the giant glass recipient: the pine marten, the wolves, the foxes and the red squirrels. All vulnerable and defenseless.

Boiling with anger, Martin firmly stood on his feet. "Let them go!" he shouted.

"Yeah, they belong living free and in the wild!" Chris added, just as furious as his brother.

"No, they belong in mah European soup!" Gourmand cackled.

"And their tails would make fabulous scarves for my brand new winter collection!" Donita added, a devious look on her face.

"NO!" let out the Wild Kratts crew simultaneously.

Martin backed away, gaining momentum before jumping at the machine. Unfortunately, he missed and fell on the snow. He looked up to find the villains laughing at his failure.

"Hahaha... Nice try, blueberry. But these animals are coming with us," let out the chef, smirking.

"Dabio, take us back to my plane," Donita ordered her henchman, who obeyed.

The crew watched in horror as all the innocent creatures got taken away, unable to stop the ones behind their capture. "NOOO!" they cried out, but to no availe.

Every animal Martin had named on his birthday was now captured...

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#wild kratts #kratt brothers #chris kratt #martin kratt #aviva corcovado #wk koki #jimmy z #fanfiction #wk fanfic #saby's fic #birthday fic #Martin's Birthday #Red Squirrels #fandom #fangirl power!

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aquitainequeen · 1 year

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How, and why, did a declining Scottish town buy a vast moorland from the Duke of Buccleuch? Martin Wright meets the women behind the most ambitious community rewilding project in Britain.

Try this. Go to the top of your house or block and look out the window. Do you know who actually owns all the land you can see? Your answer, most likely, says a lot aboutthe opaque nature of the country’s land ownership.

But for the residents of Langholm, nestled in the Esk Valley in southern Scotland, the answer would have come in a flash. The Duke of Buccleuch, of course. For hundreds of years, the moor above the town had been part of his vast landholding – once the largest in the country. The wealthy neighbour wasn’t particularly resented: after all, the estate had provided work – as gamekeepers, bailiffs and more besides – for many in the town.

But in recent years this had dried up, as the estate’s shooting business was wound down. Meanwhile, most of Langholm’s once thriving textile mills were closing, too. “This used to be known as ‘the muckle toon’,” says local resident Margaret Pool, citing the old Scots phrase evoking a bustle of prosperity, “but not anymore. We struggle to keep young people here, because there’s no outlet for their talents. Once they go away to college, it’s very hard to get them back.”

Then came the bolt from the blue. In 2018, the Buccleuch Estate put up for sale a whole swathe of land above the town. At first recalls Pool, who chairs theLangholm Initiative, a community development trust, “many people reeled from the news. [They were asking], ‘how can we manage without Buccleuch?’”.

But others saw an opportunity. Under Scottish law, communities are allowed to bid for land that comes up for sale in their area, and qualify for government support in doing so – if they can prove enough local interest and put together a credible business plan. Sensing a once-in-a-generation chance to spark new life into Langholm, Pool and her colleagues sprang into action.

They knew that the moorland, and the Tarras River valley that cut through the heart of it, had more to offer than just desultory grouse shooting and decaying conifer plantations. Thanks in part to Buccleuch’s benign neglect, it had huge potential as a gem of rewilding. They worked up a business model based on the creation of a Tarras Valley Nature Reserve, aiming to regenerate the community as well as the land, via ecotourism, environmental study centres, landscape restoration and more besides.

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uispeccoll · 3 years

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Guest post from the John Martin Rare Book Room

Hardin Medical Library, University of Iowa

ADAM LONICER (1528-1586) Kreuterbuch, kunstliche Conterfeytunge der Bäume, Stauden, Hecken, Kreuter, Getreyde, Gewürtze. Printed in Frankfort by Christian Egenolph, 1587. 382 numbered leaves (764 pages) with color illustrations. 31 cm tall.

We know that Lonicer (also referenced as Lonitzer, Lonicerum, Lonicerus, or Loniceri) worked as a proofreader for his father-in-law, a German printer who specialized in producing herbals. He eventually went on to write his own works covering mathematics, medicine, and botany. Kreuterbuch... (originally titled in Latin, Naturalis historiae opus novum) was published in 1546 and, although much of it was not original to Lonicer, became a smash hit. The book saw several editions, including the 1587 edition described here. The last edition was printed in 1783.

The text covers much of the known natural world at the time and had a wide audience that included physicians, apothecaries, and both rural and urban householders. The emphasis is on how one uses animal, vegetable, and mineral substances in the production of medicinal, gastronomical, and household preparations. Lonicer provides us with one of the early descriptions of local flora, and, among his other accomplishments, he is one of the first to distinguish deciduous trees from conifers.

The most striking features of this book are its hundreds of hand-colored woodcuts. As one can imagine, coloring in each image is an intensive task and would have greatly increased the cost of the book. Because of this, many existing early printed herbals are found unpainted. The book was rebound at an unknown point in the 20th century with a soft, milky vellum (calfskin parchment) over pasteboard (sheets of paper pasted together to create a stiff board). The spine titling consists of black and red leather labels with gold tooling. These contrast nicely with the lighter cover.

The book also has excellent examples of conservation work, including the application of a thin, strong Japanese paper on the outer margin of the first leaf. This part of the leaf has been heavily used and is now damaged and brittle. The application of the paper support strengthens the edge and lessens the chance of further damage. This same paper was also to repair the inner margin between a few other leaves. The text block shows the staining, wear, and foxing (oxidation of iron particles in the paper) one would expect from a book of this age but is still in great condition. With proper care, it will have a happy, long life here at the John Martin Rare Book Room!

For more on Lonicer and other Herbals, check out the U. S. National Library of Medicine and the Edward Worth Library in Dublin.

#Lonicer #uiowa #JMRBR #medical #herbal #rare books #flora #apothecary

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csykora · 3 years

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I speculate wildly on which Carolina Hurricane uses Manscaped Hair-and-Body Wash

The CANES X MANSCAPED promo showing the classic body trimmer (a solid trimmer, I have no complaints about this) and Manscaped Crop Cleanser Invigorating Hair and Body Wash (with Active pH Control). I realize this is not exactly a 3-in-1 product but I will continue to mix up the two phrases. Tragically, this does not appear to be for a new hockey-themed wash (although I have an exhaustive list of team scent suggestions if they would like to, or if anybody wants to do themed candles that don’t make me sad). I have not seen any photo evidence of these boys’ body hair situations, unless I was already interested in seeing that. I am a scientist: I can extrapolate from limited data. (It is also possible some of these aren’t Carolina Hurricanes. What do you want from me, research?) Let us begin.

Scratched:

Andrei Svechnikov: Does not shave. Wax all the way, baby.

Jordan Staal: Does not have hair. That’s a coat of Spanish moss that has been growing on him since moving to the southeast.

Competitors:

Sebastian Aho: Aho requires a strong-yet-gentle action and I believe he washes with the trusted choice for oily marine life: Dawn dish soap.

Morgan Geekie: This boy smells aggressively of Irish Spring bar soap, and only Irish Spring bar soap, all over.

Jordan Martinook: Owns a body trimmer to keep the important bits tidy as a courtesy. I don’t know what products he uses but they must smell like the Mountain Lodge Man Candle. We’re talking wool blankets and conifers. Maybe something fresh in there, lot of cedar, but maybe some juniper or cracked pepper or bergamot. The stink on this man must be fucking incredible.

Brock McGinn: Has used a 3-in-1 wash, but secretly enjoys the silkiness of Dove products and is proud of his progress since making the switch

Martin Nečas: Knows about toner. I trust him.

Jake Gardiner: Bought a Manscaped trimmer to be #prepared and polite, then realized his body hair grows so slow he uses it like twice a year.

Jake Bean: A lot of whatever glossy substance he puts on his face ends up in his hair or maybe vis versa, but it’s not a low-effort look.

Jaccob Slavin: Nah.

Ryan Dzingel: This man looks like he gets his hair washed and set every Sunday, but the lift could also be from hair and body wash

Max McCormick: McCormick looks like he knows that 3-in-1 will make his hair weird but has been forgetting to buy toiletries for years now and just coasts on all the hotel soaps he brings home

Nino Niederreiter: Does not own a body trimmer but he’s been thinking of getting one? He might be most likely to use this promotion.

Teuvo Teravainen: Does not own a body trimmer. Does ‘borrow’ someone else’s. Would use a 3-in-1 if his roommate had it but they don’t.

Brett Pesce: I am shocked this man is not already a masculine fragrance model. Looks like Manscaped’s target demo, but weirdly I feel like I’m stereotyping.

Petr Mrázek: Upgraded from Manscaped to a sleeker, more stylish trimmer ages ago. Do not touch it.

James Riemer: Farm-fresh Canadian beauty. Smells like castile soap. No.

Warren Foegele: Warren Foegele owns both these products but would never dream of putting hair-and-body wash in his hair. He washes his hair exactly twice a week to give it time to get shiny, and he is not mad that that’s the same as Brock Boeser’s routine so it’ll sound like he’s cribbing just because you didn’t ask him about his much better hair first.

Conclusion:

Dougie Hamilton: I 1000% believe Dougie Hamilton is a man who still uses hair-and-body wash on his hair and body but occasionally feels like he shouldn’t so he takes the time to order it from a somewhat hip man products company instead of buying grocery store brand. He appreciates the sleek black bottles so the half of his teammates who don’t know what’s cool would think they were cool if they saw him using them.

#hockey hair #carolina hurricanes #I have a list of what every team’s scented candle should be I could do easily adapt

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a-dinosaur-a-day · 4 years

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Lagerpeton

By Tas

Etymology: Rabbit Reptile

First Described By: Romer, 1971

Classification: Biota, Archaea, Proteoarchaeota, Asgardarchaeota, Eukaryota, Neokaryota, Scotokaryota Opimoda, Podiata, Amorphea, Obazoa, Opisthokonta, Holozoa, Filozoa, Choanozoa, Animalia, Eumetazoa, Parahoxozoa, Bilateria, Nephrozoa, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Olfactores, Vertebrata, Craniata, Gnathostomata, Eugnathostomata, Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii, Rhipidistia, Tetrapodomorpha, Eotetrapodiformes, Elpistostegalia, Stegocephalia, Tetrapoda, Reptiliomorpha, Amniota, Sauropsida, Eureptilia, Romeriida, Diapsida, Neodiapsida, Sauria, Archosauromorpha, Crocopoda, Archosauriformes, Eucrocopoda, Crurotarsi, Archosauria, Avemetarsalia, Ornithodira, Dinosauromorpha, Lagerpetidae

Referred Species: L. chanarensis

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: About 235 to 234 million years ago, in the Carnian of the Late Triassic

Lagerpeton is known from the Chañares Formation in La Rioja, Argentina

Physical Description: Lagerpeton was named as the Rabbit Reptile, and for good reason - in a lot of ways, it represents a decent attempt by reptiles in trying to do the whole hoppy-hop thing. You might think that it resembles Scleromochlus in that way, and you’d be right! Scleromochlus and Lagerpeton are close cousins, but one is on the line towards Pterosaurs - Scleromochlus - and the other is on the line towards dinosaurs - Lagerpeton. So, hopping around was an early feature that all Ornithodirans (Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, and those closest to them) shared. Lagerpeton itself was about 70 centimeters in length, with most of that length represented as tail; it was slender and lithe, built for moving quickly through its environment. It had a small head, a long neck, and a thin body. While it had long legs, it also had somewhat long arms, and while it may have been able to walk on all fours it also would have been able to walk on two legs alone. It was digitigrade, walking only on its toes, making it an even faster animal. Its back was angled to help it in hopping and running through its environment, and its small pelvis gave it more force during hip extension while jumping. In addition to all of this, it basically only really rested its weight on two toes - giving it even more hopping ability! As a small early bird-line reptile, it would have been covered in primitive feathers all over its body (protofeathers), though what form they took we do not know.

By Scott Reid

Diet: As an early dinosaur relative, it’s more likely than not that Lagerpeton was an omnivore, though this is uncertain as its head and teeth are not known at this time.

Behavior: Lagerpeton would have been a very skittish animal, being so small in an environment of so many kinds of animals - and as such, that hopping and fast movement ability would have aided it in escaping and moving around its environment, avoiding predators and reaching new sources of food (and, potentially, chasing after smaller food itself). Lagerpeton may have also been somewhat social, moving in small groups, potentially families, to escape the predators and chase after prey together, given its common nature in its environment. As an archosaur, Lagerpeton was more likely than not to take care of its young, though we don’t know how or to what extent. The feathers it had would have been primarily thermoregulatory, and as such, they would have helped it maintain a constant body temperature - making it a very active, lithe animal.

By José Carlos Cortés

Ecosystem: Lagerpeton lived in the Chañares environment, a diverse and fascinating environment coming right after the transition from the Middle to Late Triassic epochs. Given that the first true dinosaurs are probably from the start of the Late Triassic, this makes it a hotbed for understanding the environments that the earliest dinosaurs evolved in. Since Lagerpeton is a close dinosaur relative, this helps contextualize its place within its evolutionary history. This environment was a floodplain, filled with lakes that would regularly flood depending on the season. There were many seed ferns, ferns, conifers, and horsetails. Many different animals lived here with Lagerpeton, including other Dinosauromorphs like the Silesaurid Lewisuchus/Pseudolagosuchus and the Dinosauriform Marasuchus/Lagosuchus. There were crocodilian relatives as well, such as the early suchian Gracilisuchus and the Rauisuchid Luperosuchus. There were also quite a few Proterochampsids, such as Tarjadia, Tropidosuchus, Gualosuchus, and Chanaresuchus. Synapsids also put in a good show, with the Dicynodonts Jachaleria and Dinodontosaurus, as well as Cynodonts like Probainognathus and Chiniquodon, and the herbivorous Massetognathus. Luperosuchus would have definitely been a predator Lagerpeton would have wanted to get away from - fast!

By Ripley Cook

Other: Lagerpeton is one of our earliest derived Dinosauromorphs, showing some of the earliest distinctions the dinosaur-line had compared to other archosaurs. Lagerpeton was already digitigrade - an important feature of Dinosaurs - as shown by its tracks, called Prorotodactylus. These tracks also showcase that dinosaur relatives were around as early as the Early Triassic - and that their evolution, and the rapid diversification of archosauromorphs in general, was a direct result of the end-Permian extinction.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources Under the Cut

Arcucci, A. 1986. New materials and reinterpretation of Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer (Thecodontia, Lagerpetonidae nov.) from the Middle Triassic of La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 23 (3-4): 233-242.

Arcucci, A. B. 1987. Un nuevo Lagosuchidae (Thecodontia-Pseudosuchia) de la fauna de los Chañares (Edad Reptil Chañarense, Triasico Medio), La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 24: 89 - 94.

Arcucci, A., C. A. Mariscano. 1999. A distinctive new archosaur from the Middle Triassic (Los Chañares Formation) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 228 - 232.

Bittencourt, J. S., A. B. Arcucci, C. A. Marsicano, M. C. Langer. 2014. Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chañares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1 - 31.

Brusatte, S. L., G. Niedzwiedzki, R. J. Butler. 2011. Footprints pull origin and diversification of dinosaur stem lineage deep into Early Triassic. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278 (1708): 1107 - 1113.

Ezcurra, M. D. 2006. A review of the systematic position of the dinosauriform archosaur Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan & Lucas, 1999 from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA. Geodiversitas 28(4):649-684.

Ezcurra, M. D. 2016. The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriformes. PeerJ 4: e1778.

Fechner, R. 2009. Morphofunctional evolution of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb of DInosauromorpha on the lineage to Sauropoda (Thesis). Ludwigs Maximillians Universita.

Fiorelli, L. E., S. Rocher, A. G. Martinelli, M. D. Ezcurra, E. Martin Hechenleitner, M. Ezpeleta. 2018. Tetrapod burrows from the Middle-Upper Triassic Chañares Formation (La Rioja, Argentina) and its palaeoecological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 496: 85 - 102.

Kammerer, C. F., S. J. Nesbitt, N. H. Shubin. 2012. The first Silesaurid Dinosauriform from the Late Triassic of Morocco. Acta Palaeontological Polonica 57 (2): 277.

Kent, D. V., P. S. Malnis, C. E. Colombi, A. A. Alcober, R. N. Martinez. 2014. Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111: 7958 - 7963.

Irmis, R. B., S. J. Nesbitt, K. Padian, N. D. Smith, A. H. Turner, D. T. Woody, and A. Downs. 2007. A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs. Science 317:358-361.

Jenkins, F. A. 1970. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. VII. The postcranial skeleton of the traversodontid Massetognathus pascuali (Therapsida, Cyondontia). Breviora 352: 1 - 28.

Langer, M. C., S. J. Nesbitt, J. S. Bittencourt, R. B. Irmis. 2013. Non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorphs. Geological Society London, Special Publications. 379 (1): 157 - 186.

Marsh, A. D. 2018. A new record of Dromomeron romeri Irmis et al., 2007 (Lagerpetidae) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona, U.S.A. PaleoBios 35:1-8.

Marsicano, C. A., R. B. Irmis, A. C. Mancuso, R. Mundil, F. Chemale. 2016. The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AMerica 113 (3): 509 - 513.

Martz, J. W., and B. J. Small. 2019. Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae). PeerJ 7:e7551:1-71.

Nesbitt, S. J., R. B. Irmis, W. G. Parker, N. D. Smith, A. H. Turner and T. Rowe. 2009. Hindlimb osteology and distribution of basal dinosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2):498-516.

Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 353:1-292.

Perez Loinaze, V. S., E. I. Vera, L. E. Fiorelli, J. B. Desojo. 2018. Palaeobotany and palynology of coprolites from the Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina: implications for vegetation provinces and the diet of dicynodonts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 502: 31 - 51.

Rogers, R. R., A. B. Arcucci, F. Abdala, P. C. Sereno, C. A. Forster, C. L. May. 2001. Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of the Chañares Formation tetrapod assemblage (Middle Triassic), northwestern Argentina: spectacular preservation in volcanogenic concretions. Palaios 16: 461 - 481.

Romer, A. S. 1966. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. I. Introduction. Breviora 247: 1 - 14.

Romer, A. S. 1966. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. II. Sketch of the geology of the Rio-Chañares-Rio Gualo Region. Breviora 252: 1 - 20.

Romer, A. S. 1967. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. III. Two new gomphodonts, Massetognathus pascuali and M. teruggii. Breviora 264: 1 - 25.

Romer, A. S. 1968. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. IV. The dicynodont fauna. Breviora 295: 1 - 25.

Romer, A. S. 1969. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. V. A new chiniquodontid cynodont, Probelesodon lewisi - cynodont ancestry. Breviora 333: 1 - 24.

Romer, A. S. 1970. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. VI. A chiniquodont cynodont with an incipient squamosal-dentary jaw articulation. Breviora 344: 1 - 18.

Romer, A. S. 1971. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. VIII. A fragmentary skull of a large thecodont, Luperosuchus fractus. Breviora 373: 1 - 8.

Romer, A. S. 1971. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. IX: The Chanares Formation. Breviora 377: 1 - 8.

Romer, A. S. 1971. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. X. Two new but incompletely known long-limbed pseudosuchians. Breviora 378:1-10.

Romer, A. S. 1971. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XI. Two new long-snouted thecodonts, Chanaresuchus and Gualosuchus. Breviora 379: 1 - 22.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XII. The post cranial skeleton of the thecodont Chanaresuchus. Breviora 385: 1 - 21.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XIII. A fragmentary skull of a large thecodont, Luperosuchus fractus. Breviora 389: 1 - 8.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. Lewisuchus admixtus, gen. et sp. Nov., a further thecodont from the Chañares beds. Breviora 390: 1 - 13.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XV. Further remains of the thecodonts Lagerpeton and Lagosuchus. Breviora 394: 1 - 7.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XVI. Thecodont classification. Breviora 395:1-24.

Romer, A. S. 1972. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XVII. The Chañares gomphodonts. Breviora 396: 1 - 9.

Romer, A. S. 1973. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XVIII. Probelesodon minor, a new species of carnivorous cynodont; family Probainognathidae nov. Breviora 401: 1 - 4.

Romer, A. S., and A. D. Lewis. 1973. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XIX. Postcranial materials of the cynodonts Probelesodon and Probainognathus. Breviora 407: 1 - 26.

Romer, A. S. 1973. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. XX. Summary. Breviora 413: 1 - 20.

Sereno, P. C., and A. B. Arcucci. 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(1):53-73.

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rjzimmerman · 5 years

Link

Excerpt from this Mother Nature Network story:

A tree stump without leaves shouldn't be able to survive on its own. In a New Zealand forest, however, two researchers recently found a leafless stump defying death.

"My colleague Martin Bader and I stumbled upon this kauri tree stump while we were hiking in West Auckland," says Auckland University of Technology professor Sebastian Leuzinger, who co-authored a new study about the stump, in a statement. "It was odd, because even though the stump didn't have any foliage, it was alive."

The stump had callus tissue growing over its wounds, and it was also producing resin, a sign of living tissue. While this might leave a casual observer feeling ... stumped, Bader and Leuzinger are ecologists, and they quickly figured out what was going on.

This stump wasn't surviving on its own; it was surviving with help from nearby trees.

Trees in a forest are often connected by vast underground networks of symbiotic soil fungi, whose subterranean internet helps the trees exchange nutrients and information. Trees of the same species also sometimes physically graft their roots together, blurring the line between individual trees to the point that an entire forest could be considered a "superorganism," sort of like an ant colony.

Bader and Leuzinger decided to investigate further, hoping to shed new light on this stump's relationship with its benefactors. By measuring water movement, they found a strong negative correlation between water flow in the stump and in surrounding trees of the same species (Agathis australis, a conifer known as kauri). That suggests their root systems were grafted together, which can happen when a tree recognizes that nearby root tissue is similar enough to establish an exchange of resources.

"This is different from how normal trees operate, where the water flow is driven by the water potential of the atmosphere," Leuzinger says in a news release about the study. "In this case, the stump has to follow what the rest of the trees do, because since it lacks transpiring leaves, it escapes the atmospheric pull."

#trees #forests

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earthstory · 5 years

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Forest at dawn The first glowing red rays of the rising solar orb off to the right of the frame lend an eerie quality to this conifer forest in Germany, almost suggestive of a background fiery glow glimpsed between the trees. Loz Image credit: Dr. Martin Schmidt

#nature #sunrise #light #conifer #tree #forest #germany #the earth story #photography

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fumpkins · 5 years

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Giant sauropod dinosaurs may have sported turtlelike beaks | Science

An artist’s conception of the sauropod Camarasaurus.

Dorling Kindersley/Science Source

BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA —Typically taller than four elephants and heftier than a jet airliner, sauropods are among the most famous of the dinosaurs. But scientists may have been wrong about one of their key features. Instead of lizardlike lips, the behemoths sported beaks akin to those of birds or turtles, researchers report here today at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. The dinos may have used these beaks, which encased large numbers of long, peglike teeth, to harvest the vast quantities of vegetation they required to reach record sizes.

The research helps to answer a long-standing mystery, says study author Kayleigh Wiersma, a paleontologist at the University of Bonn in Germany. Since the 1930s, long rows of isolated sauropod teeth—still perfectly arranged in the position they would have been in the mouth during life—have been found embedded as fossils in rocks, but with not a scrap of fossil bone encasing them. “There must have been something holding them in place,” she says. “Otherwise they would have been scattered all around the dig site.”

Wiersma and her University of Bonn co-author, Martin Sander, first hinted at the possibility of a gum or beak structure in 2017. That was based on an analysis of two skulls of Camarasaurus. Now, they have studied seven sets of isolated tooth rows from a variety of sauropod species, including German “dwarf” sauropod Europasaurus, as well the groups that include well-known species such as Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, and Apatosaurus.

The teeth in this skull of Camarasaurus appear exposed and unworn down to about half of their length and may once have been protected by a beak.

Kayleigh Wiersma

The scientists report the likely presence of beaks in many of these species. The finding is based on seven fossils of isolated rows of up to 40 teeth, as well as a detailed analysis of the skulls and teeth of Camarasaurus and Europasaurus. The teeth fossils in these species typically show surface wear only about 50% of the way down to the jaw, Wiersma says. That indicates the teeth were once deeply embedded in a “rhamphotheca,” or beaklike structure made of keratin (which also forms our hair and nails, as well as bird beaks and feathers). Existing reconstructions of sauropod faces would have left the tooth roots exposed and the teeth too loosely attached to the skull, the authors say. In Camarasaurus and Europasaurus the pair also found tiny pits in the surface bone of the jaw, which may indicate the presence of blood vessels that once nourished beak tissue.

Wiersma and Sander speculate that beaks may have held exposed teeth tightly in place and provided stability as the dinos munched their way through vast quantities of ferns, conifers, and other prehistoric plant matter.

“You can’t have teeth exposed to that degree and not have any protection,” says Steve Salisbury, a paleontologist who works on sauropods at the University of Queensland here. “It seems likely there would have been some sort of tissue that enclosed the base at least and provided some buffer from the outside world.”

There is no modern analog to compare the beaks with, however, as no living species possesses both a beak and teeth, as some dinosaurs did. Beaks are already known in many other dinosaur groups—including Triceratops, Stegosaurus, duck-billed hadrosaurs, and dome-headed Pachycephalosaurus—as the bony bases of the beaks are preserved in fossils.

Given that living birds, some prehistoric crocodiles, and early relatives of dinosaurs called silesaurids also have beaklike structures, the ancestors of this entire group may have had beaks, says Darren Naish, a paleontologist at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. “But I don’t think we would have expected sauropods to have beaks,” he adds. It’s a “whole new look.”

New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2019/10/10/giant-sauropod-dinosaurs-may-have-sported-turtlelike-beaks-science/

#beaks #dinosaurs #giant #sauropod #science #sported #turtlelike

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cryptid-kratt-kid · 5 months

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I know I'm not working on what I'm supposed to be working on rn (Dearest nsfw oneshot asker my deepest apologies I live in shame for I have failed you.) But the group therapy that's supposed to be helping me is making shit worse so CHILDREN OF THE WILD AU TIME!!!! WOOHOO!!!!!

Once Zach broke into the Tortuga while only the kids were there and when Chris came rushing back, to his surprise Beech and Birch had already beat the shit out of him whist Conifer was rummaging through Zach's wallet. Chris was proud and kinda scared at the same time.

Sometimes Chris' kids get to hang out with the wild kratt's kids! Despite their differences, Conifer is good friends with Gavin and Ronan.

Beech tried to fight a honey badger once because SHE wanted to be the toughest animal in Africa!

Martin loves being an uncle but MAN is it exhausting sometimes. Once Martin had all the kids in the back of the Creterra and Beech JUMPED OUT WHILE THEY WERE MOVING because she wanted a rematch with that honey badger.

#wild kratts #wild kratts au #children of the wild au

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sabyfangirl16 · 1 year

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Up in a Tree

Surrounded by nothing but pine trees and two feet of snow, the Kratt in blue marched through the coniferous forest; his feet shuffling through a natural white carpet. He stopped, looked around and went into a profound state of thinking.

"Hmm... What does it take to find a pine marten-" he was cut off by a sudden rustle.

Looking up where he believed the sound to have come from, he spotted a petit, furry and brownish figure that seemed to be hanging on one of the tree branches. His eyes lit up, a small guess popping in his mind.

Martin started climbing up the conifer - to which that particular branch belonged to - while following a certain patern; his feet pushing against the rough tree bark as he made his way to the top. Eventually, he got to his destination with a sensation of pride that was immediately followed by disappointment. The mysterious creature was nowhere in sight.

Barely getting in a sitting position on the solid branch - enough to carry his weight - his eyes caught a flashing figure. The last bit of it disappeared into a tree hollow, so Martin prudently crawled toward the hole, persuation being his guide. He peeked through and, to his pleasure, he finally found the creature he was looking for.

"A European pine marten!" he let out euphorically.

Inside the den, a light brown pine marten curled up in a ball on a pile of dead leaf - his fur color seeming darker in the dingy tree chamber. Its miniscule dark eyes meeting Martin's, its whiskers vibrating in the dark and its bushy tail cowering behind.

"Hey there, buddy," Martin whispered softly, caressing the lean creature.

"Wow, a cool member of the Weasel family. You've got that tubular-shaped body, and that awesome yellow-coloured bib marking on your throat." He contemplated the creature, fascinated. But then, as in sudden remembrance, he snapped out of it.

"You might not know this, but my friends might've left something with you and I was wondering if you knew about-" he suddenly stopped when his eyes caught an odd color sticking out of the dark shade of the leaves. Carefully, he pulled out the object from beneath the pile, trying his best not to disturb his newfound friend.

A joyful expression appeared on his face, now that he had found what he was looking for.

"I don't believe it! The second envelope, and it's purple!" he beamed, the color reminding him of his engineer friend. "You did know it was here, didn't you?" He reproched, grinning at the creature.

"You know, I had a hard time finding you. You're pretty sneaky, so I'll name you: Ninja!" he happily announced, the weasel only hissing as a response. Martin giggled.

"Well, Ninja, it's been great but I gotta get going. I have a creature riddle to solve and a birthday to celebrate. See you soon!" he let out, before hopping off from branch to branch, athletically landing on the soft layer of snow.

Once his feet met the ground, he took a purple card out of the newly acquired envelope, then eagerly read its content.

"I am grey, and have pointy ears. But don't fret, I am as friendly as you.

And when the moon is full, I cry out in the middle of the night. Who am I?"

Martin thought deeply about the riddle left by Aviva, reflecting on the words. He nearly bounced when the answer popped in his mind.

"Oh, she must be refering to the Eurasian wolf! Also known as the common wolf," he said knowledgeably.

"Now all I gotta do is find the nearest wolf den," he said, peeking through the coniferous trees and picking a direction to follow.

As soon as Martin went into the woods, two villains came out from behind some buishes, having already witnessed the whole scene. "Heh, looks like blueberry's outta sight," remarked Gourmand.

"Yes, and now for that Weasel," added Donita, maliciously rubbing her hands. Behind her, Dabio was getting the machine ready to collect their first animal victim.

And this was only the beginning...

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#wild kratts #kratt brothers #chris kratt #martin kratt #aviva corcovado #wk koki #jimmy z #fanfiction #wk fanfic #saby's fic #birthday fic #Martin's Birthday #Up in a Tree #fandom #fangirl power!

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