#cactoideae

[chlorophyll-and-chitin]

Schlumbergera sp.

14-JUN-2023

Melbourne, Vic

#australia #victoria #melbourne #zygocactus #flowers #pink flowers #angiosperms #caryophyllales #cactaceae #cactoideae #rhipsalideae #schlumbergera

[coffeenuts]

#IFTTT #Flickr #macro #flower #focusstacking #sonya7r5 #zerenestacker #nanlite #schneiderkreuznachapocompononhm60mmf28 #enlargerlens #bellows #plantae #tracheophyta #angiospermae #magnoliopsida #caryophyllales #cactaceae #cactoideae #rhipsalideae #rhipsalis #rhipsaliselliptica

[mimicmew]

I heard a rumor that you think youre hot shit. That youre a real cool individual out here. You think youre so tough how about we battle? How about we duke it the fuck out thats right bazinga a bazinga! Gimme your best shot pal, muster up the last ounce of your limp, weak ass, no chordal synchrosity havin ass bazinga. Say it. Say bazinga. I dare you. I double dog dare you. You wont. Punk. 😤

Cactus

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This article is about the plant family. For the former genus Cactus, see Mammillaria, Melocactus, and Opuntia. For other uses, see Cactus (disambiguation).

"Cacti" redirects here. For the software, see Cacti (software).

A cactus (pl: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus)[3] is a member of the plant family Cactaceae,[a] a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales.[4] The word cactus derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek word κάκτος (káktos), a name originally used by Theophrastus for a spiny plant whose identity is now not certain.[5] Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Although some species live in quite humid environments, most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought. Many live in extremely dry environments, even being found in the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth. Because of this, cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. For example, almost all cacti are succulents, meaning they have thickened, fleshy parts adapted to store water. Unlike many other succulents, the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place. Most species of cacti have lost true leaves, retaining only spines, which are highly modified leaves. As well as defending against herbivores, spines help prevent water loss by reducing air flow close to the cactus and providing some shade. In the absence of true leaves, cacti's enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis. Cacti are native to the Americas, ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north—except for Rhipsalis baccifera, which also grows in Africa and Sri Lanka.Cactus

Temporal range: 35–0 Ma 

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NLate Eocene - RecentVarious CactaceaeScientific classificationKingdom:PlantaeClade:TracheophytesClade:AngiospermsClade:EudicotsOrder:CaryophyllalesFamily:Cactaceae Juss.[1]Subfamilies

Cactoideae

Maihuenioideae

Opuntioideae

Pereskioideae

See also Classification of the CactaceaeSynonyms[2]

Opuntiaceae Desv.

Leuchtenbergiaceae Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.

Cultivated cacti in the Singapore Botanic Gardens

Many species of cactus have long, sharp spines, like this Opuntia.

Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles, a kind of highly reduced branch. Areoles are an identifying feature of cacti. As well as spines, areoles give rise to flowers, which are usually tubular and multipetaled. Many cacti have short growing seasons and long dormancies and are able to react quickly to any rainfall, helped by an extensive but relatively shallow root system that quickly absorbs any water reaching the ground surface. Cactus stems are often ribbed or fluted, which allows them to expand and contract easily for quick water absorption after rain, followed by retention over long drought periods. Like other succulent plants, most cacti employ a special mechanism called "crassulacean acid metabolism" (CAM) as part of photosynthesis. Transpiration, during which carbon dioxide enters the plant and water escapes, does not take place during the day at the same time as photosynthesis, but instead occurs at night. The plant stores the carbon dioxide it takes in as malic acid, retaining it until daylight returns, and only then using it in photosynthesis. Because transpiration takes place during the cooler, more humid night hours, water loss is significantly reduced.

Many smaller cacti have globe-shaped stems, combining the highest possible volume for water storage with the lowest possible surface area for water loss from transpiration. The tallest[b] free-standing cactus is Pachycereus pringlei, with a maximum recorded height of 19.2 m (63 ft),[7] and the smallest is Blossfeldia liliputiana, only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter at maturity.[8] A fully grown saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) is said to be able to absorb as much as 200 U.S. gallons (760 l; 170 imp gal) of water during a rainstorm.[9] A few species differ significantly in appearance from most of the family. At least superficially, plants of the genera Leuenbergeria, Rhodocactus and Pereskiaresemble other trees and shrubs growing around them. They have persistent leaves, and when older, bark-covered stems. Their areoles identify them as cacti, and in spite of their appearance, they, too, have many adaptations for water conservation. Leuenbergeria is considered close to the ancestral species from which all cacti evolved. In tropical regions, other cacti grow as forest climbers and epiphytes (plants that grow on trees). Their stems are typically flattened, almost leaf-like in appearance, with fewer or even no spines, such as the well-known Christmas cactus or Thanksgiving cactus (in the genus Schlumbergera).

Cacti have a variety of uses: many species are used as ornamental plants, others are grown for fodder or forage, and others for food (particularly their fruit). Cochineal is the product of an insect that lives on some cacti.

Many succulent plants in both the Old and New World – such as some Euphorbiaceae (euphorbias) – are also spiny stem succulents and because of this are sometimes incorrectly referred to as "cactus".[citation needed]

Morphology

Adaptations for water conservation

Taxonomy and classification

Phylogeny and evolution

Distribution

Reproductive ecology

Uses

Conservation

Cultivation

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

#This is just a copy paste of the Wikipedia article for cactus #I’m pretty sure this is some weird troll or whatever looking at the blog but yknow

[pinkaddiofficial]

Morphology

Ferocactus species, a cactoid, in its native Arizona habitat

The 1,500 to 1,800 species of cacti mostly fall into one of two groups of "core cacti": opuntias (subfamily Opuntioideae) and "cactoids" (subfamily Cactoideae). Most members of these two groups are easily recognizable as cacti. They have fleshy succulent stems that are major organs of photosynthesis. They have absent, small, or transient leaves. They have flowers with ovaries that lie below the sepals and petals, often deeply sunken into a fleshy receptacle (the part of the stem from which the flower parts grow). All cacti have areoles—highly specialized short shoots with extremely short internodes that produce spines, normal shoots, and flowers.[10]

The remaining cacti fall into only two groups: three tree-like genera, Leuenbergeria, Pereskia and Rhodocactus (all formerly placed in Pereskia), and the much smaller Maihuenia. These two groups are rather different from other cacti,[10] which means any description of cacti as a whole must frequently make exceptions for them. Species of the first three genera superficially resemble other tropical forest trees. When mature, they have woody stems that may be covered with bark and long-lasting leaves that provide the main means of photosynthesis. Their flowers may have superior ovaries (i.e., above the points of attachment of the sepals and petals) and areoles that produce further leaves. The two species of Maihuenia have succulent but non-photosynthetic stems and prominent succulent leaves.[10]

Growth habit

Cacti show a wide variety of growth habits, which are difficult to divide into clear, simple categories.Arborescent cacti

Cacti can be tree-like (arborescent), meaning they typically have a single more-or-less woody trunk topped by several to many branches. In the genera Leuenbergeria, Pereskia and Rhodocactus, the branches are covered with leaves, so the species of these genera may not be recognized as cacti. In most other cacti, the branches are more typically cactus-like, bare of leaves and bark and covered with spines, as in Pachycereus pringlei or the larger opuntias. Some cacti may become tree-sized but without branches, such as larger specimens of Echinocactus platyacanthus. Cacti may also be described as shrubby, with several stems coming from the ground or from branches very low down, such as in Stenocereus thurberi.[11]Columnar cacti

Smaller cacti may be described as columnar. They consist of erect, cylinder-shaped stems, which may or may not branch, without a very clear division into trunk and branches. The boundary between columnar forms and tree-like or shrubby forms is difficult to define. Smaller and younger specimens of Cephalocereus senilis, for example, are columnar, whereas older and larger specimens may become tree-like. In some cases, the "columns" may be horizontal rather than vertical. Thus, Stenocereus eruca can be described as columnar even though it has stems growing along the ground, rooting at intervals.[11]Globular cacti

Cacti whose stems are even smaller may be described as globular (or globose). They consist of shorter, more ball-shaped stems than columnar cacti. Globular cacti may be solitary, such as Ferocactus latispinus, or their stems may form clusters that can create large mounds. All or some stems in a cluster may share a common root.[11]Other forms

Other cacti have a quite different appearance. In tropical regions, some grow as forest climbers and epiphytes. Their stems are typically flattened and almost leaf-like in appearance, with few or even no spines. Climbing cacti can be very large; a specimen of Hylocereus was reported as 100 meters (330 ft) long from root to the most distant stem. Epiphytic cacti, such as species of Rhipsalis or Schlumbergera, often hang downwards, forming dense clumps where they grow in trees high above the ground.[11]

Growth habits of cacti

Treelike habit (Pereskia aculeata)

Tall treelike habit (Pachycereus pringlei)

Tall unbranched columnar habit (Cephalocereus)

Shorter clustered columnar habit (Ferocactus pilosus)

Solitary globular habit (Ferocactus echidne)

Clustered globular habit (Rebutia species)

Epiphytic cactus (Rhipsalis paradoxa)

Stems

Stem of Mammillaria longimamma, showing tubercles

The leafless, spiny stem is the characteristic feature of the majority of cacti (and all of those belonging to the largest subfamily, the Cactoideae). The stem is typically succulent, meaning it is adapted to store water. The surface of the stem may be smooth (as in some species of Opuntia) or covered with protuberances of various kinds, which are usually called tubercles. These vary from small "bumps" to prominent, nipple-like shapes in the genus Mammillaria and outgrowths almost like leaves in Ariocarpus species. The stem may also be ribbed or fluted in shape. The prominence of these ribs depends on how much water the stem is storing: when full (up to 90% of the mass of a cactus may be water), the ribs may be almost invisible on the swollen stem, whereas when the cactus is short of water and the stems shrink, the ribs may be very visible.[11]

The stems of most cacti are some shade of green, often bluish or brownish green. Such stems contain chlorophyll and are able to carry out photosynthesis; they also have stomata (small structures that can open and close to allow passage of gases). Cactus stems are often visibly waxy.[11]

Areoles

Cactus areoles

Areole of Rhodocactus grandifolius showing its position relative to leaves

Cross-section of Cereus showing areoles with spines and wool

Areoles of an Echinopsis species

Close-up of an areole of Astrophytum capricorne showing fine wool

Flowers appear from the upper part of an areole, spines from the lower (Cereus species)

Areoles are structures unique to cacti. Although variable, they typically appear as woolly or hairy areas on the stems from which spines emerge. Flowers are also produced from areoles. In the genus Leuenbergeria, believed similar to the ancestor of all cacti, the areoles occur in the axils of leaves (i.e. in the angle between the leaf stalk and the stem).[12] In leafless cacti, areoles are often borne on raised areas on the stem where leaf bases would have been.

Areoles are highly specialized and very condensed shoots or branches. In a normal shoot, nodes bearing leaves or flowers would be separated by lengths of stem (internodes). In an areole, the nodes are so close together, they form a single structure. The areole may be circular, elongated into an oval shape, or even separated into two parts; the two parts may be visibly connected in some way (e.g. by a groove in the stem) or appear entirely separate (a dimorphic areole). The part nearer the top of the stem then produces flowers, the other part spines. Areoles often have multicellular hairs (trichomes) that give the areole a hairy or woolly appearance, sometimes of a distinct color such as yellow or brown.[11]

In most cacti, the areoles produce new spines or flowers only for a few years and then become inactive. This results in a relatively fixed number of spines, with flowers being produced only from the ends of stems, which are still growing and forming new areoles. In Pereskia, a genus close to the ancestor of cacti, areoles remain active for much longer; this is also the case in Opuntia and Neoraimondia.[11]

Leaves

The great majority of cacti have no visible leaves; photosynthesis takes place in the stems (which may be flattened and leaflike in some species). Exceptions occur in three (taxonomically, four) groups of cacti. All the species of Leuenbergeria, Pereskia and Rhodocactus are superficially like normal trees or shrubs and have numerous leaves with a midrib and a flattened blade (lamina) on either side. This group is paraphyletic, forming two taxonomic clades. Many cacti in the opuntia group (subfamily Opuntioideae) also have visible leaves, which may be long-lasting (as in Pereskiopsis species) or produced only during the growing season and then lost (as in many species of Opuntia).[11] The small genus Maihuenia also relies on leaves for photosynthesis.[13] The structure of the leaves varies somewhat between these groups. Opuntioids and Maihuenia have leaves that appear to consist only of a midrib.[14]

Even those cacti without visible photosynthetic leaves do usually have very small leaves, less than 0.5 mm (0.02 in) long in about half of the species studied and almost always less than 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long. The function of such leaves cannot be photosynthesis; a role in the production of plant hormones, such as auxin, and in defining axillary buds has been suggested.[15]

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...I'm not reading all of that.

#ic #WIKIPEDIA ANON DTRIKES AGAIN????

[toddjdreyer]

Found this Schlumbergera on the NJ Transit train car floor a year ago when it was only 4 segments in length. Didn’t think it would survive but this year it finally bloomed.

#schlumbergera #plant #flowering plants #flower #stray plant #eudicots #plantae #tracheophytes #angiosperms #caryophyllales #cactaceae #cactoideae #rhipsalideae

[dendroica]

Foxtail Cactus (Escobaria missouriensis) (via USFWS Mountain-Prairie)

Escobaria missouriensis, the Missouri foxtail cactus and formerly Coryphantha missouriensis, is a species of low-growing North American cacti

Photo: Schiff, Zachary/USFWS

#Missouri Foxtail Cactus #Escobaria missouriensis #Escobaria #Cactoideae #Cactaceae #Caryophyllales #cactus #plants #flowers #prairie #Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge #Rocky Flats NWR #Colorado

[naturalxnotizblog]

Echinopsis oxygona Echinopsis oxygona, Kaktus Notizblog Naturbeobachtungen: ..., Ordnung: Nelkenartige (Caryophyllales), Familie: Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae), Unterfamilie: Cactoideae,

#(Link) Zucc. #Arnó #Arno Beierlein #Arnulf #Arnulf Beierlein #Art: Echinopsis oxygona #© #Beierlein #Bildhauer Beierlein #Cactaceae #Cactoideae #Caryophyllales #Echinopsis #Echinopsis oxygona #Familie: Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae) #Gattung: Echinopsis #Kakteengewächse #Nelkenartige #Ordnung: Nelkenartige (Caryophyllales) #Steinbildhauer Beierlein #Steinmetz Beierlein #Steintechniker Beierlein #Techniker Beierlein #Tribus: Trichocereeae #Trichocereeae #Unterfamilie: Cactoideae #Wissenschaftlicher Name: Echinopsis oxygona

[underconstructionplantvlog]

​Mammillaria compressa

Mammillaria compressa, commonly called mother of hundreds, is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae. It is native to northern and southern Mexico, and is cultivated as an ornamental plan.

🌱🌵

Let me know if you like this content.✌️

#cactus #plantlife #plants #plant blog #nature

[captaindomy]

Gli Ariocarpus

La storia degli Ariocarpus è stata controversa. Nel 1838 Henri Galeotti raccolse in Messico alcune piante che poi inviò in Belgio. Nello stesso periodo alcuni botanici, tra cui Charles Lemaire, vennero in possesso delle stesse piante. Il genere appartiene alla sottofamiglia Cactoideae, tribù Cacteae. Sono piante solitarie o riunite in gruppi, fusto poco elevato dal suolo, compatto, con tubercoli…

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#ariocarpus #ariocarpus research #cactus #frutti ariocarpus

[odishaphotos]

The snake tree

The snake tree

The cactus flowering family is a biomedical flower known for its watery, swollen body, living in dry or desert conditions (sand-filled cities), and for being completely filled with thorns. It is made up of about 127 species of biologists and 1,750 species of biologists, all of whom are indigenous to the New World (North America and South America). Only one of these races arrived in eastern Africa and Sri Lanka without human intervention, and it is reported that it was spread by birds. All snakes are mostly fleshy plants that store water in their bodies. Its leaves are also particularly prickly. The tree is usually found in warm, dry climates. Most of the 1500 to 1800 species of Nagfeni come in one of the two "Core Cacti" groups, namely: Opuntias (sub-family Opuntioideae) and Cactoids (sub-family Cactoideae). Of the two members, the most common is the snakebite. Theophrastus was the first to use the word "cactus" (English name for Nagfeni). It comes from Ancient Greek Ancient Greek: κάκτος kaktos. Theophrastus used it for a spinal cord, whose identity is unknown. The dragonfly is a part of an important food chain in a dry, hot climate. It is now widespread in many parts of the world, and many people prefer to plant them in clay pots or gardens.

[chlorophyll-and-chitin]

Schlumbergera sp.

17-JUL-2023

Melbourne, Vic

#australia #victoria #melbourne #flowers #pink flowers #caryophyllales #cactaceae #cactoideae #rhipsalideae #schlumbergera

[coffeenuts]

Mammillaria boolii by Gabriel Paladino Photography https://flic.kr/p/2eQh9Gd

#IFTTT #Flickr #angiosperms #eudicots #caryophyllales #cactaceae #cactoideae #cacteae #boolii #planta

[cactos-ce-blog]

CACTO RABO DE MACACO 🐒🌵 Nome popular rabo-de-macaco Outros nomes Categoria cactos Ordem Caryophyllales Família Opuntiaceae Subfamília Cactoideae Tribo Trichocereeae Gênero Cleistocactus Espécie Cleistocactus colademononis Origem Bolívia Tamanho até 50 centímetros Propagação por estaca e por semente Iluminação sol pleno Rega pouca água Plantio o ano todo Floração primavera verão . Chegou hoje esse lindo ! 💚🙏🐒🌵 (em Fortaleza Cearà Brasil) https://www.instagram.com/p/B1XGDatnrnS/?igshid=174gltlr3z3xm

[zerafat-shop]

بذر کاکتوس مامیلاریا بوکاسانا

مامیلاریا بوکاسانا کاکتوسی است از خانواده Cactoideae که در ارتفاعات ۱۶۵۰ تا ۲۳۰۰ متری از سطح دریا می‌روید. اکنو�� این کاکتوس بومی شمال مکزیک در زادگاه اصیلش تحت حفاظت قرار دارد و جمع‌آوری و چیدن آن ممنوع شده است.

#بذر #بذر_عمده #بذر_کاکتوس #کاکتوس

[fnfpicks]

Today's #FnFPicks #PlantOfTheDay is #Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) #DidYouKnow Some saguaros develop a strange fan-like structure at the top instead of the arms we’re used to seeing. These rare, crested forms are highly prized. ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION: Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Cactaceae Subfamily: Cactoideae Tribe: Echinocereeae Genus: Carnegiea Species: C. gigantea Please consider sharing the video with someone who'd love these #FunFacts If you want to Suggest Animals for our videos (which is recommended), or have any complaints, please feel free to hit us anywhere over the #FnFPicks Community: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FnFPicks Twitter: https://twitter.com/FnFPicks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/FnFPicks And don't forget to Subscribe...:-) #StayHome #WithMe #PickOfTheDay #Plant #Flora #Cactus

[dendroica]

Beehive Cactus (Escobaria vivipara) (via USFWS Mountain-Prairie)

Escobaria vivipara is known by a variety of common names: spinystar, viviparous foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus and ball cactus. It blooms in yellow, pink, or purple flowers from May to August.

May 2018

Photo: Michael D'Agostino, USFWS

#Beehive Cactus #Spinystar #Viviparous Foxtail Cactus #Escobaria vivipara #Escobaria #Cactoideae #Cactaceae #Caryophyllales #cactus #plants #Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge #Rocky Flats NWR #Colorado