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non-sequitura · 3 years

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Welcome to another episode of blogging Psych info

The Survival Game

Aggression

-"What is the simplest way to solve the problem of scarce resources? Take what you want and kick the stuffing out of anyone who tries to stop you." = best life advice

-Aggression = behavior meant to harm. Most animals do to achieve goals. -Negative emotions -> aggression

-uhhhh ooof psych textbook saying that almost all aggressive crimes done by men. Socialization + testosterone?

-Testosterone -> make people less likely to recognize threatening facial expressions

-Social vs. physical aggression Cooperation

-Behavior leading to mutual benefit

-This textbook is on crack omg "Cooperation is one of our species’ greatest achievements—right up there with language, fire, and dental floss"

-Can be risky (just look @ game theory, prisoner's dilemma, or someone who takes advantage of others)

-Mitigated via in-groups (can lead to prejudice)

-Flaws of groups: indecisive, value confident delivery/status over expertise, less likely to share important information that only one member knows, tend to polarization of opinions (surprise surprise, discussion RARELY actually leads to more open-mindedness), groupthink (consensus&harmony > decision-making)

-Deindividualization (doing bad things bc of lack of individual responsibility) and bystander effect

-Groups can lead to less anxiety, depression, loneliness, and disease (wow - more mental health = physical health evidence)

Altruism

-Common debate

- is altruism natural or a choice?

-More cooperation -> chance of survival bc of reciprocal altruism

-Humans do random acts of kindness (unique among animals afawk) -Some have even risked life for strangers Lmao this next chapter is called The Mating Game Selectivity

-"With the exception of a few well-known celebrities, most people don’t mate randomly." WTF TEXTBOOK

-On avg women more picky abt partners

-"Would you go out with me?" = 50% M&F "Would you sleep with me?" = 75%M 0%F

-I'm just gonna quote this whole thing "if a man makes a 'mating error' and selects a woman who does not produce healthy offspring or who won’t do her part to raise them, he’s lost nothing but a few minutes (OMG TEXTBOOK OUT HERE ROASTING MEN) and a teaspoon of bodily fluid. But women produce a small number of eggs in their lifetimes, conception eliminates their ability to conceive for at least 9 months, and pregnancy produces physical changes that increase their nutritional requirements and put them at risk of illness and death. So if a woman makes a mating error, she has lost an egg, borne the costs of pregnancy, risked her life in childbirth, and missed at least 9 months of other reproductive opportunities."

-Social costs of promiscuity

-Generally, women can afford to be choosier

-Men just as selective when stakes are high (e.g. choosing a long-term partner) Attraction

-Situational (ppl make efforts to like people more if they have to spend time around them)

-Proximity (exposure effect) (explains why mirror-flipped images look weird to us)

-Primary initial attractor = appearance (height/weight, or just weight for women). Those deemed attractive -> higher salaries -universal beauty standards: symmetry, triangle(M)/hourglass (F) shape, younger (F)/older(M). Does vary a lot by culture, though.

-Longer relationship lasts, less appearance matters

-universal personality standards: wit, ambition, loyalty, trustworthiness, kindness

-societal similarity attracts societal similarity (bc validation, being liked, ease of relationship)

Relationships

-Long-term relationship culture bc of length of raising kids

-Passionate vs. companionate love (historically neither important)

-Relationships last so long as perception of benefits vs. costs remain favorable (dep. on alt. available partners & investment)

-"would you like to sit w/ me" instead of "may I sit with you" (sounds weird, but apparently more likely to yield a 'yes')

Controlling Others (3 main susceptibilities to social influence) Hedonistic Motive -Seeking pleasure, avoiding pain

-Too harsh can backfire (also, rewards need to be consistent, or behavior might decrease later)

Approval Motive

-Being liked (and not dying)

-Social norms include norm of reciprocity (benefit someone who benefits you), conformity (doing what others do), obedience (doing what important people say)

Accuracy Motive

-Attitudes+beliefs being correct

-Informational Influence (imitation of others' behavior), persuasion (systematic = appeals to reason, heuristic = appeals to habit/emotion), consistency (whether new info matches with old knowledge)

-Consistency alleviates cognitive dissonance

-"We are motivated to be consistent, but inevitably there are times when we just can’t—for example, when we tell a friend that her new hairstyle is 'daring' when it actually resembles a wet skunk after an unfortunate encounter with a snow blower." This textbook cannot stop roasting people omg.

-Larger rewards = less cognitive dissonance

-Why the "most students don't drink heavily" campaign is more popular these days

Understanding Others Stereotyping

-Inferences from categories -

OK THIS IS GENUINELY FUNNY "Once we have identified a novel stimulus as a member of a category (“That’s a textbook”), we can then use our knowledge of the category to make educated guesses about the properties of the novel stimulus (“It’s probably expensive”) and act accordingly (“I think I’ll download it illegally”). What we do with textbooks we also do with people. No, not the illegal downloading part. The educated guessing part." RIP my plans to illegally download people

-Often inaccurate (L) bc of selection bias, overused (average /= all), & self-perpetuating (listing own race at top of test made some minorities perform worse on the test)

-Perceptual confirmation (tendency to see according to expectations)

-Largely unconscious & automatic, but can be slightly trained away. Most effective techniques involve visualization of things that defy the expectations, rather than "try to be less prejudiced." Attribution

-Judging entire characters based on individual actions (lack of context) -Situational (due to situation), dispositional (due to personality)

-Correspondence bias = much more likely to attribute dispositional vs. situational attributions

-Actor-observer effect (situational for self, dispositional for others). Reversed by seeing videos from others' perspectives.

-10/19/20

#blog #non-sequitura-blog #10/19/20 #october #2020 #longform #school #studyhours #textbook-cannot-stop-roasting-people

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