#ryan wadham
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Lo-fi Hip Hop
L‘Ever come across a 24/7 Youtube live stream with this anime girl endlessly studying to laid-back beats?
If you are familiar with this image then you have most likely heard of lo-fi music. So what is lo-fi music? Lo-fi stands for low fidelity which means, in simple terms, that there are aspects of the audio which seem to be distorted, imperfect and a ‘poor’ audio quality is present. The music can be described as having “poor sound quality (being the opposite of 'hi-fi')” (Harper, 2014, p(1)). Although true, lo-fi music has many more qualities which make it a unique style of music which I have been engaging with and producing over the past few years.
As with most other subgenres of hip hop, incorporating looped samples is often what producers do. The samples are usually from jazz and oriental music. Ryan Celsius, a lo-fi producer describes the music as having a “heavy focus on creative sample use and authentic sounding drums kits. It’s usually a tape hiss or some analog distortion set against a simple set of drum loops and an incredible sample selection.” source:okayplayer article
Although lo-fi hip hop has risen in popularity over the last few years, its roots go back much further. The lo-fi sound has been apparent in recordings of other genres of music since the 50′s. This is not surprising as the recording equipment at that time, especially to ordinary citizens outside of studios, was limited in comparison to the DAW’s and range of music technology available to many producers nowadays. The lo-fi sound continued to make appearances in genres such as 70′s Punk Rock, which had a DIY approach. Similarly, Black Metal of the 90′s, maintained a DIY approach with lo-fi recordings being an important aspect of the genre, adding to the atmosphere of the artists music.
Although lo-fi hip hop often involves a DIY approach and similarities can be drawn between it and the styles mentioned previously, the music itself is very different. There tends to be a focus on creating a sense of nostalgia and evoking emotions ranging from relaxed to cathartic. This is done through the production as well as the visual aesthetics associated with the music. Let's look at some lo-fi work I have been producing in order to give a clearer idea of what lo-fi hip hop is!
Now I will go through a few of my lo-fi tracks to highlight features of lo-fi music and how they are produced!
Most lo-fi tracks have some form of crackle, tape hiss or background noise which helps to give that nostalgic feel whilst bringing a certain warmth. Here is an example:
This is a free sample, one of many available online to download and use in almost any DAW.
In addition to the familiar crackling sounds associated with lofi music comes the emphasis on atmosphere. Here are some examples:
Synth pads and strings are utilised to add texture and evoke a relaxing feeling in the listener in which they can immerse themselves in.
Now we come to the drums:
This example consists of drums with a humanised feel due to the swing aspect, which is something reminiscent of J Dilla’s production style and one of his biggest influences on modern lo-fi producers.
An interesting feature of DAW’s is the range of plugins which can enable producers to make instruments have more of a lo-fi feel. There are VI’s which already have a retro appeal such as these:
I like to use these in my tracks, but I also use the plugins available in logic to provide a lo-fi feel. For instance, the bitcrusher plugin, a form of distortion, results in a lower fidelity.
The lower the resolution and the higher the downsampling level, the more distorted and lo-fi the audio becomes.
EQ is also a tool which can be played around with in order to filter frequencies in a way which adds a vintage warmth. There are a few presets available such as these:
References:
Winkie, L (2018) How ‘Lofi Hip Hop Radio to Relax/Study to’ Became a Youtube Phenomenon [Online] Available at - https://www.vice.com/en/article/594b3z/how-lofi-hip-hop-radio-to-relaxstudy-to-became-a-youtube-phenomenon. [Accessed: 25/11/20]
Harper, A. (2014). Lofi Aesthetics in Popular Music Discourse. DPhil Thesis in Musicology. Wadham College, University of Oxford.
Watson, Elijah (2019). J Dilla’s Influence & Legacy Lives On in the World of Lo-Fi Hip-Hop [Online] Available at - https://www.okayplayer.com/music/j-dilla-lofi-hip-hop-influence.html. [Accessed: 25/11/20]
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Beelzebub and Satan
Six degrees (or less) of benedict cumberbatch
Photo Flash: Rebecca Hall, Matt Ryan, Anna Maxwell Martin, Benedict Cumberbatch, Polly Stenham, and Julian Wadham lead Royal Court's LOOK BACK IN ANGER Reading - by News Desk July 9, 2012
#benedict cumberbatch#anna maxwell martin#there's only so many actors in the UK ;)#it's only to be expected that they overlap occasionally
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A Republican Lawmaker for Whom the Spectacle Is the Point
WASHINGTON — As lawmakers entered the Capitol on Wednesday for one of the most solemn enterprises in American government, the impeachment of a president, Representative Lauren Boebert was causing a spectacle before even making it into the chamber. She pushed her way through newly installed metal detectors and ignored police officers who asked her to stop so they could check her with a hand-held wand.
This reprised a standoff from the evening before, when Ms. Boebert, a freshman Republican from Colorado, refused to show guards what was inside her handbag as she entered the building. In both cases, she was eventually granted access, but not before engineering a made-for-Twitter moment that delighted the far right.
After joining her colleagues on Wednesday, Ms. Boebert took to the House floor to denounce the vote on impeachment that passed a few hours later.
“Where’s the accountability for the left after encouraging and normalizing violence?” Ms. Boebert asked loudly, arguing that Democrats had tolerated excessive violence last summer during the unrest over racial justice. “I call bullcrap when I hear the Democrats demanding unity.”
The standoff at the metal detectors was a characteristic stunt by Ms. Boebert. She is only 10 days into her term but has already arranged several episodes that showcased her brand of far-right defiance as a conspiracy theorist who proudly boasts of carrying her Glock handgun to Washington. She is only one of 435 House members, but Ms. Boebert, 34, represents an incoming faction of the party for whom breaking the rules — and gaining notoriety for doing it — is exactly the point.
In the same way Republicans leaders had to adapt to the Tea Party over a decade ago, House leaders must now contend with a narrow but increasingly clamorous element of the party that not only carries Mr. Trump’s anti-establishment message but connects with the voters who are so loyal to him — and so crucial to future elections.
In the process, Ms. Boebert and her cohort have exasperated other lawmakers and Republicans.
“There is a trend, in both parties, of members who seem more interested in dunking on folks on social media and appearing on friendly cable networks than doing the work of legislating,” said Michael Steel, a Republican strategist and former press secretary for the former House Speaker John Boehner. “They seem to see public service as more performance art than a battle of policy ideas.”
In recent days, Ms. Boebert and a group of other freshman Republicans, including the QAnon devotee Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia and Madison Cawthorn of North Carolina, a 25-year-old freshman who claimed he was armed during the Capitol riots, have questioned or outright flouted guidelines meant to protect lawmakers from violence, intruders or the spread of the coronavirus.
Their fluency in social media, access to conservative television and talk radio platforms and combativeness with reporters on live television allows them to gain notoriety in nontraditional ways.
“There used to be a level of gatekeeping that went on with how members developed a profile when they got to Washington,” said Kevin Madden, a strategist who served as a senior adviser to Mitt Romney during his 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns. “Usually you had to work for it and earn that notoriety. Now it’s given to you with one YouTube video.”
In an introductory video of sorts that she released last week, Ms. Boebert was shown walking against a Washington backdrop with a gun holstered at her waistline. “I refuse to give up my rights, especially my Second Amendment rights,” she said to the camera.
In her short time in office, Ms. Boebert has already sparred with a Republican colleague over security lapses at the Capitol last week and expressed interest in bringing her gun to work. Her Twitter account was temporarily suspended after she spread the falsehood that the presidential election was rigged.
She also faced criticism, and some demands that she resign, for tweeting out information about some lawmakers’ locations during the siege at the Capitol by a violent mob last week.
The behavior exhibited by Ms. Boebert and some of her fellow freshman Republicans prompted Timothy Blodgett, the House’s acting sergeant-at-arms, to send a memo to lawmakers on Tuesday notifying them that security screenings would be required for members seeking access to the chamber and that lawmakers who declined to wear masks would be removed from the House floor. Several Republicans responded by yelling that their rights were being violated as they passed through the metal detectors, behavior that has exasperated Democrats.
“I don’t know what the consequences are going to be for people who hold power and don’t ever want to be held accountable,” Rep. Tim Ryan, Democrat of Ohio, told NPR on Wednesday about lawmakers who bypassed security measures in the Capitol. He added that defiance by lawmakers was “a sign of how obnoxious things have become for some of these folks who were supporting Donald Trump. The rules don’t apply to them.”
Ms. Boebert unofficially started her campaign for Congress in September 2019 in Denver, announcing to the Democratic presidential candidate Beto O’Rourke that he would not be taking one of the most potent symbols of rural autonomy: her guns.
“I was one of the gun-owning Americans who heard you speak regarding your ‘Hell yes, I’m going to take your AR-15s and AK-47s,’” Ms. Boebert said to Mr. O’Rourke at the time. “Well, I’m here to say hell no, you’re not.’”
She has expressed support for the QAnon conspiracy group, though she has tried to temper that by saying she is not a follower.
Ms. Boebert was running a restaurant in Colorado’s ranch country — where she encouraged the servers to openly carry guns — when she stunned the state’s Republican establishment by defeating a five-term incumbent in the primary and then winning the general election.
“She was so inexperienced,” said Dick Wadhams, the former head of the Colorado Republican Party. “I don’t think she even knew she had no chance, which turned out to be a good thing for her. She caught everyone by surprise.”
So far, she has had the same effect on Washington. On Wednesday, the Capitol Police and Ms. Boebert’s office declined to respond to requests about whether she had actually been carrying a gun either time she had trouble getting into the chamber. Ms. Boebert has said that she has a concealed carry permit, issued through the District of Columbia, for her gun and has claimed on Twitter that she has the right to freely carry within the Capitol complex, which is not true.
On Wednesday, a spokeswoman for the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department did not respond when asked if Washington’s police chief, Robert J. Contee III, had met with Ms. Boebert to explain the district’s gun laws to her, as he had said he would do last week.
Ms. Boebert has frequently defended her behavior as one of the reasons she was elected. Just as Mr. Trump has done with his base, she tells her followers that she is fighting for them. As for her right to carry a gun, she has written on Twitter that “self-defense is the most basic human right.’’
In Colorado, Ms. Boebert’s district covers much of western Colorado, a sprawling, politically diverse landscape of mesas and jagged mountains that includes liberal enclaves like Aspen and Telluride as well as often overlooked towns where cattle ranching, mining and natural gas drilling pay the bills. For generations, the district elected deeply rooted local men who, whether Democrat or Republican, tended to be cowboy-boot-wearing moderates focused on the local economy and natural resources.
Once a reliably red state, Colorado flipped with the election of Barack Obama in 2008, and Republicans have struggled to regain a foothold. Democrats now hold both Senate seats, the state House and the governor’s office.
Republicans seeking to keep viability in the state regard Ms. Boebert’s behavior warily.
“I think most Republicans here are still behind her,” Mr. Wadhams said. “But she can’t just pick fights in Washington. She has got to pay attention to the issues in her district, too: in water, natural resources, mining. If she doesn’t do that, she’s in real trouble.”
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Trump Says He’s Restricting Travel From Europe for 30 Days
(Bloomberg) — President Donald Trump said he will significantly restrict travel from Europe to the U.S. for the next 30 days, the most far-reaching measure yet in the administration’s efforts to combat the spread of coronavirus.
Trump, speaking Wednesday evening from the Oval Office, said the restrictions, which won’t apply to the U.K., will go into effect Friday at midnight. He blamed the European Union for not curbing travel from China in the early days of the outbreak, and credited his own measures with having limited the number of cases in the U.S.
“The European Union failed to take the same precautions and restrict travel from China and other hot spots,” Trump said. “As a result, a large number of new clusters in the United States were seeded by travelers from Europe.”
The president in his address laid out a series of fiscal measures to deal with the economic fallout from the rapid spread of a disease he labeled a “foreign virus.” But his remarks — in which he overstated the scope of the travel restrictions and misspoke that he was also curtailing trade — were met with a swift plunge in markets.
U.S. stock futures declined as Trump spoke and continued lower after. Contracts on the S&P 500 sank as much as 4.9%. Futures on the technology-heavy Nasdaq index dropped as much as 5%, triggering a limit-down level that doesn’t allow them to fall too much in a particular session. Stocks from Europe to Asia posted steep declines, and oil plummeted.
In a statement following Trump’s address, Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf clarified that the administration was suspending the entry of most foreign nationals who have been in any of 26 European nations in the previous two weeks.
And while Trump said that the prohibition on European travel would “not only apply to the tremendous amount of trade and cargo but various other things,” a White house official subsequently said the restrictions would only apply to people and not goods.
As markets tumbled, Trump offered further clarification in a tweet, saying “please remember, very important for all countries & businesses to know that trade will in no way be affected by the 30-day restriction on travel from Europe. The restriction stops people not goods.”
The restriction does not apply to legal permanent residents and immediate family members of U.S. citizens. Wolf said U.S. citizens arriving from Europe will travel through specific airports where they can undergo screening for the virus.
Two hours after Trump’s address, House Democrats released the text of a bill they said would include free coronavirus testing, paid emergency leave for workers, food security assistance and other measures to help people weather the outbreak.
“We have a public health crisis in this country and the best way to help keep the American people safe and ensure their economic security is for the president to focus on fighting the spread of the coronavirus itself,” Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in a joint statement. “Alarmingly, the president did not say how the administration will address the lack of coronavirus testing kits throughout the United States.”
As Trump spoke, companies and public officials across the country were taking actions to deal with the rapid spread of the virus. The NBA suspended games until further notice, Twitter Inc. directed employees to work from home and governors and mayors restricted large gatherings. The State Department issued a Level 3 health advisory, urging Americans to reconsider travel abroad due to the virus.
Following the remarks, the White House announced that Trump was canceling travel to Colorado and Nevada that were scheduled for this week.
The S&P 500 closed Wednesday 19% lower than its February high, with every industry down at least 3.9% on the day.
“This is not a financial crisis,” Trump said. “This is just a temporary moment of time that we will overcome as a nation and as a world.”
The World Health Organization earlier Wednesday declared the outbreak is now a pandemic and urged governments to step up containment efforts as the number of worldwide cases topped 123,000 and deaths exceeded 4,500. The virus has spread particularly rapidly in Europe. In Italy, deaths jumped 31% in a single day, rising to 827 on Wednesday.
Trump claimed that his early action to restrict travel from China and other affected countries slowed the spread of the virus in the U.S. He said the administration is “monitoring the situation in China and South Korea,” and that “a possible early opening” could happen if the situation improves.
“I’m kind of astonished,” said J. Stephen Morrison, director of the Global Health Policy Center at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “The idea that this is going to be a solution, it moves us back into this whole idea that we have an opportunity still to close off transmission to the United States and it ignores the reality that it’s already inside our borders.”
The travel industry was bracing for additional flight restrictions, but had expected them to be limited to Germany and Italy, the countries with the largest outbreaks, said Scott Solombrino, executive director of the Global Business Travel Association.
When Trump announced the ban for all of Europe, except the U.K., “everybody was totally caught off guard,” Solombrino said.
Trump also called on Congress to take action to deliver paid sick leave to hourly workers who risk their livelihoods if they stay home. House Democrats already have included that among a package of measures set for a vote tomorrow. He also recommended that nursing homes curtail non-medically necessary visits.
The president said he is deferring tax payments for certain individuals and businesses affected by the virus. He said the deferments would provide $200 billion in additional liquidity to the economy.
Business and individual taxpayers can already get automatic six-month extensions to file their tax returns, but they have to pay by the April 15 deadline or face interest and penalties on the late payments. Extending the due date is akin to the government extending those taxpayers an interest-free loan for that time.
Trump added that he is instructing the Small Business Administration to provide emergency capital to affected firms. Small businesses in areas covered by a presidential disaster declaration are eligible for federal loans of up to $2 million to provide operating funds until those companies recover. In addition, the coronavirus funding bill enacted earlier this month made small businesses negatively affected by the outbreak eligible for the loans.
Trump called on Congress to pass a payroll tax cut to soften the economic fallout and market plunge, but offered no details on a proposal. Democrats have largely scorned the idea.
“This is the most aggressive and comprehensive effort to confront a foreign virus in modern history,” Trump said. “I am confident that by counting and continuing to take these tough measures we will significantly reduce the threat to our citizens and we will ultimately and expeditiously defeat this virus.”
–With assistance from Nick Wadhams, Laura Davison, Ryan Beene, Susan Warren, Steven T. Dennis and Erik Wasson.
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(Bloomberg) -- President Donald Trump, on the eve of his likely acquittal in the Senate impeachment trial, delivered his third State of the Union address -- and added to the drama with a handful of stage-managed surprises.His 78-minute remarks to a Congress never mentioned the word impeachment yet partisanship loomed over his visit on Tuesday to Capitol Hill. Republicans chanted “four more years” after the president was introduced at the podium and a swath of Democratic women were dressed in all white to honor suffragettes.The State of the Union offered Trump the chance to address the country after a tumultuous start to 2020, marked by conflict in the Middle East, fears over a rapidly spreading virus and new trade deals with Mexico and China. Here are the key takeaways:Betting on the EconomyTrump spent the first half hour of the speech lauding his record on the economy, calling it the “best it’s ever been” and pointing to a “blue collar boom” in a sign of how much he’ll lean on the issue heading into the November election.He rattled off a series of robust job market stats: unemployment rates for blacks, Hispanic Americans and women have all hit record or near-record lows during his presidency.Left unsaid was that those achievements are largely a function of a tight labor market and an economic expansion now in its record 11th year. Cracks remain: wage growth has slowed, the participation rate -- the share of the working population employed or looking for work -- still hasn’t recovered its pre-recession level and the nation’s overall income inequality is widening.As for the manufacturing sector, factories are planning investment cuts this year for the first time since 2009 and jobs added to the sector have slowed (in fact, declining in December).Hyper PartisanshipEvery State of the Union is a partisan affair, but with the impeachment trial and Democratic primaries taking place, the divide between the parties was stark. The president spent nearly the entirety of his speech turned to his left -- to face friendlier Republicans -- while Democrats largely stayed seated.As Trump made his points, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi frequently looked down and flipped through a copy of the president’s speech, gazed at her colleagues on the right side of the chamber and seemed astonished when Trump cited policy achievements -- such as criminal justice reform -- that only passed because of Democratic support.Without looking their way, Trump criticized the “one hundred thirty-two lawmakers in this room” who “have endorsed legislation to impose a socialist takeover of our health-care system.” He said another 130 Democrats would “bankrupt our nation by providing free taxpayer-funded health care to millions” of undocumented migrants.But Pelosi got the final say. As the president finished his speech, she picked up her copy of his remarks and tore it in half.Limbaugh’s Medal of FreedomTrump delighted Republicans -- and horrified Democrats -- with the revelation that he was awarding the Presidential Medal of Freedom to conservative pundit Rush Limbaugh, who disclosed on his radio show Monday that he had advanced lung cancer.The decision, unusual for a State of the Union, seemed to catch Limbaugh off guard. He appeared astonished as Trump made the announcement and First Lady Melania Trump put the blue-ribboned medal around his neck.“He is the greatest fighter and winner that you will ever meet,” Trump said of Limbaugh. “Rush Limbaugh: Thank you for your decades of tireless devotion to our country.”Limbaugh, an ardent Trump supporter, has frequently courted controversy. He gave fuel to Trump’s debunked conspiracy that former President Barack Obama wasn’t born in the U.S. Limbaugh also lost many advertisers in 2012 after denigrating law student Sandra Fluke for speaking out about birth control.Drug PricesTrump demanded that Congress pass legislation that lowers prescription drug prices -- one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats say they’re willing to collaborate ahead of the November elections.“I have been speaking to Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa and others in the Congress in order to get something on drug pricing done, and done properly,” Trump said. “Get a bill to my desk, and I will sign it into law without delay.”An obstacle could be one Trump’s key allies in Congress -- Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell -- who has resisted bringing up bills opposed by the pharmaceutical industry. Despite McConnell’s stance, Grassley, a Republican, has said he would work to advance legislation he’s written with Senator Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat.Members of both parties say lowering drug prices is a priority, and various proposals have been circulating in Congress. The Democratic-led House passed a bill last year that would enable Medicare to negotiate drug prices but it hasn’t been taken up in the Senate. Many Democrats stood up in the House chamber and shouted the bill number, HR 3, at Trump as he implored them to send him legislation.Reality Show SpeechIn a nod to his reality show past, Trump sprinkled emotional surprises and giveaways into the now common use of civilian guests in the House gallery. To highlight his point about school choice, the president announced that Janiyah Davis, a fourth grader from Philadelphia sitting with her mother, would be receiving a scholarship to attend the school of her choice.After singling out an eighth-grade student from Arizona who Trump said dreams of joining the new Space Force, the president recognized the boy’s great-grandfather, Charles McGee, a 100-year-old World War II veteran. McGee, who was in the chamber after taking part in Sunday’s Super Bowl festivities, was promoted to brigadier general and had his stars pinned on his uniform by the president earlier Tuesday.In perhaps the most emotional moment of the night, Trump acknowledged Amy Williams, whose husband Townsend was in Afghanistan on his fourth deployment. After saying that Amy’s two children had “not seen their father’s face in many months,” Trump announced that her husband was actually in the chamber. Townsend walked down the steps toward her seat, hugged their children, and was reunited with his family.Tough Talk on Mideast, VenezuelaWhile Trump touted his efforts to push back Islamic State and kill its leader, Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, his claims to have wiped out the terror group contradicted military officials. The Defense Intelligence Agency, for instance, has told the Pentagon’s Inspector General that Islamic State exploited the withdrawal plans of U.S. troops from Syria to “reconstitute.”The president campaigned in 2016 on pulling the U.S. out of the Middle East’s “endless wars” -- a theme he repeated on Tuesday -- but since May he has sent more than 15,000 troops to the region as part of his campaign to pressure Iran.Trump again said he wants to end the almost 19-year-old war in Afghanistan, but his chief envoy to peace talks said this week that the situation in Afghanistan is complicated and may not lend itself to an easy end.Referencing another foreign policy hotspot, one of Trump’s special guests in the audience was Juan Guaido, the opposition leader whom the U.S. has recognized as Venezuela’s legitimate leader more than a year ago.Inviting Guaido -- whom Trump referred to as “Mr. President” -- was clearly meant to give a shot of momentum to the Venezuelan opposition parties that have been unable to oust President Nicolas Maduro.“Maduro is an illegitimate ruler, a tyrant who brutalizes his people,” Trump said. “But Maduro’s grip of tyranny will be smashed and broken.”\--With assistance from Roxana Tiron, Jordan Fabian, Nick Wadhams, Glen Carey, Ryan Beene, Laura Davison, Steven T. Dennis, Justin Sink, Katia Dmitrieva and Sarah McGregor.To contact Bloomberg News staff for this story: Anna Edgerton in Washington at [email protected];Steven T. Dennis in Washington at [email protected];Jordan Fabian in Washington at [email protected] contact the editors responsible for this story: Michael Shepard at [email protected], Bill Faries, Jesse WestbrookFor more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.©2020 Bloomberg L.P.
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Reference List
BBC News, 2017. 100 Women: 'Why I invented the glass ceiling phrase'. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-42026266 [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Bell, K. J., 2009. A Feminist's Argument On How Sex Work Can Benefit Women. Inquiries Journal, 1(11), pp. 1-2. Bindel, J., 2017. Why are women who have escaped prostitution still viewed as criminals?. [Online] Available at: https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/12/women-escaped-prostitution-criminals-sex-trade-criminal-record-expunged [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Bindel, J., 2018. Prostitution is not a job. The inside of a woman’s body is not a workplace. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/30/new-zealand-sex-work-prostitution-migrants-julie-bindel [Accessed 28 October 2019]. Brown, A., 2019. What is the family of law?: the influence of the nuclear family. s.l.:Hart Publising. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019. Feminism: The Fourth Wave. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/issues/feminism-the-fourth-wave/ [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Eva S. Lefkowitz, C. L. S. M. M. G. G. E.-H., 2014. How Gendered Attitudes Relate to Women’s and Men’s Sexual Behaviors and Beliefs. National Institutes of Health. Eveland, E., 2016. I Thought Sex Work Would Be Empowering and Feminist. I Was Dead Wrong,. [Online] Available at: https://narratively.com/i-thought-sex-work-could-be-empowering-and-feminist-i-was-dead-wrong/ [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Flanders, J., 2014. Prostitution. [Online] Available at: https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/prostitution [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Kipfer, B., 2005. Rogets 21st century Thesaurus. s.l.:Bantam Dell. Lerner, G., 1986. The Origin of Prostitution in Ancient Mesopotamia. Signs , 11(2), pp. 236-254. Lister, D. K., 2017. Whores Of Yore. [Online] Available at: https://www.thewhoresofyore.com/kates-journal/the-oldest-profession-in-the-world-historical-stigma-around-sex-work [Accessed October 2019]. Marsh, S., 2019. Decriminalise sex work to protect us from crime, prostitutes say. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/feb/28/decriminalise-sex-work-to-protect-us-from-prostitutes-say [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Michelwait, L., 2015. The Reality of Pretty Woman. [Online] Available at: https://exoduscry.com/blog/general/the-ugly-reality-of-pretty-woman/ [Accessed 29 October 2019 ]. Open Society Foundations, 2019. Understanding Sex Work in an Open Society. [Online] Available at: https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/understanding-sex-work-open-society [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Phoenix, J., 2007. Sex, money and the regulation of Women's Choices: a political economy of prostitution. Criminal Justice Matters, pp. 25-26. Ryan, F., 2019. How austerity is forcing disabled women into sex work. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jun/05/austeristy-forcing-disabled-women-into-sex-work [Accessed 28 October 2019]. SCOT PEP, 2000. Sex Worker Rights are Human Rights. [Online] Available at: http://www.scot-pep.org.uk/ [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Student Sex Workers: Stripping to Study. 2019. [Film] United Kingdom: Channel 5 . The Sex Business: Working From Home. 2018. [Film] United Kingdom: 5 Star. Wadhams, N., 2009. Chimps Trade Meat for Sex - And Its Works. [Online] Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2009/04/chimps-behavior-sex-news-animals/ [Accessed 29 October 2019]. Walkowitz, J. R., 2011. Prostitution and Victorian Society. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
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Review | Churchill (2017)
Churchill takes place during the apex of World War II, but is not about fighting. It traces a few days in the life of one of the most important men in human history, and is named after him, but is not a biopic. This is a winsome eulogy to the excessiveness of war. A sad reminder that dying on a battlefield is not glorious but pointless. That no matter how badly you need to win, men and women still die, erased from existence forever.
Churchill is played by Brian Cox, who very much resembles Brian Cox when the camera kisses his face but miraculously transforms into the great prime minister whenever the lens widens and pulls out (thanks, I’m sure, to the sharp costumery by Bartholomew Cariss). He is haunted by the immense failure of the Gallipoli offensive of the first World War – a failure that ended his run in the military, nearly killing his political career – and protests to Dwight Eisenhower (John Slattery) and Bernard Montgomery (Julian Wadham) that their plan to storm the beaches of Normandy is foolhardy. Is he wrong? Of course not. Hundreds of thousands of young men perished fruitlessly on the Gallipoli beaches; Churchill foresees the pattern repeating in France and refuses to bear such innocent blood again.
This turmoil is the backbone of the movie, which at times drops sensationally into melodrama. Cox’s Churchill is not so much a leader with an iron fist as a portly drunk plagued by indecision and guilt. His exclusion from Allied affairs leads to tantrums that are tempered only by his wife Clementine (Miranda Richardson), who is tired of “living around your edges” and behaves very much like a weary mother disciplining a self-destructive delinquent. But again, Churchill is not about the man, or the woman, or the rickety relationship between them; it is about the unimaginable and often impossible choices leaders have to make in times of conflict.
This is the kind of war movie that sits very far from the violent flashes of Saving Private Ryan (1998) and pauses, sometimes too dramatically, to ponder the humanity of it all. There are some brilliant and genuinely moving exchanges between Churchill and Clementine, and some hilarious confrontations with his breathless team of analysts, sidekicks and secretaries. But director Jonathan Teplitzky never allows the gravitas of warfare to subside. As D-Day approaches and all the generals and tacticians convene to decide the fate of their men, we are held rigid with apprehension despite never seeing the front lines. It recalls the old adage that what we don’t see can frighten us more than what’s exploding in front of our faces.
I give Churchill credit and yet I don’t think it’s entirely successful. The plot is written in such a way that remembering the order of events becomes a guessing game (Churchill meets with his American allies so many times the chronology of what they discuss gets jumbled up). The music services the mood of the scenes instead of supporting them. The closing scene is so sweetly ponderous it belongs in a fragrance commercial. What works wonderfully are the performances in making us believe politicians actually have a heart, and the illustrations of the mental and emotional terrors of war. Churchill might have been losing his grip toward the end of his career, but his heart was always in the right place. The Allies won, of course, but for all the dead men strewn about Normandy beach, that’s all the war ever meant to them.
#the critical reel#movie review#film review#churchill#churchill movie#churchill movie review#churchill review#winston churchill#brian cox#miranda richardson#war movie#world war ii
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Colette O’Rourke
Lazarus Theatre Company have announced that Colette O’Rourke returns to the company to play the iconic role of Grusha in our pre-tour transfer of Brecht’s The Caucasian Chalk Circle.
“To return to the company to take on such an iconic role is brilliant, we are deep into rehearsals at present and can’t wait to share this wonderful epic with audiences”. Colette O’Rourke on her casting.
Colette O’Rourke’s previous Lazarus credits include; Henry V, Henry V, The Union Theatre. Cressida, Troilus and Cressida, Tristan Bates Theatre. Jessica, Merchant of Venice, Brockley Jack Studio. Other credits include; Agnes, Barnbow Canaries, West Yorkshire Playhouse. Jacqueline, Fragile, Southwark Playhouse. Poppy, BBC Casualty, David Tucker.
Making their Lazarus Debut, Robert Metson (Claude, Hair, Hope Mill Theatre. Ryan, Bear, Southwark Playhouse. Jonah, I’ll Be Seeing You, The Brockley Jack Studio) takes the role of Singer / Simon. Lakesha Cammock (Ikette, The Turner Experience, Boss Creative Entertainment. Squeak/ Cover Nettie, The Color Purple, Menier Chocolate Factory) plays the roles Aniko / Old Peasant / Woman.
Elizabeth Appleby (Regan, Queen Lear, Tristan Bates. Tamora, Titus Andronicus, New Wimbledon Studio. Exeter, Henry V, Site Specific) and Carly Thoms (Little Voice, The Rise and Fall of Little Voice, The Union Theatre. Miss Dorothy, Thoroughly Modern Millie, Adelphi Theatre. Leisl and Cover Maria, The Sound of Music, International tour) take on the roles of Nanny / Fat Peasant and Governor’s Wife / Mother-in-law respectively.
Samuel J Weir (Prince Mauritz, Princess Pyllida’s Fortnight, Tristan Bates. Bellboy/ensemble, Grand Hotel, Southwark Playhouse. Fector, Dogfight, Southwark Playhouse) plays the role of Adjutant / Inn keeper while George Howard (France, King Lear, Bristol Old Vic. Toad, The Wind In The Willows, Redgrave Theatre), Owen Pullar, (Ferdinand in Love’s Labour’s Lost, Wadham College Oxford. Ariel in The Tempest, RSC and Imaginarium workshop) David Thackeray (Synth, Channel 4 Humans) and Tom Woodward (Ortygius/Kings of Soria and Morocco, Tamburlaine the Great, Tristan Bates Theatre. Ruben, Fragile, Southwark Playhouse) take on the roles of Governor / Nephew, Azdak / Monk, Jessup / Shauva and Fat Prince / Lavrenti respectively.
Brecht’s Caucasian Chalk Circle
A girl must make a choice… to take the child and run, or leave him behind in the fury of civil war.
Brecht’s thrilling and revolutionary play follows a young girl who makes the biggest decision of her life. Set against the back-drop of war and mutiny, Grusha seeks refuge and asylum. Her crime: saving the son of the fleeing establishment. Her reward: The Chalk Circle.
Lazarus is an award-winning Theatre Company, re-imagining and revitalising classic text for a contemporary audience. The Caucasian Chalk Circle is directed by Lazarus Theatre Artistic Director, Ricky Dukes.
Cast:
Actor 1: Grusha – Colette O’Rourke
Actor 2: Simon – Robert Metson
Actor 3: Aniko / Old Peasant / Woman – Lakesha Cammock
Actor 4: Nanny / Fat Peasant – Elizabeth Appleby
Actor 5: The Governor’s Wife / Mother-in-law / Ludovica – Carly Thoms
Actor 6: Adjutant / Inn keeper – Samuel J Weir
Actor 7: Governor / Nephew – George Howard
Actor 8: Azdak / Monk / Corporal – Owen Pullar
Actor 9: Jessup / Shauva – David Thackeray
Actor 10: Fat Prince / Lavrenti / Irakli – Tom Woodward
Creative:
Written by Bertolt Brecht, translated by Frank McGuinness
Adapted and Directed by Ricky Dukes
Designed by Sorcha Corcoran
Lighting Design by Stuart Glover
Costume Design by Rachel Dingle
New Songs and Sound Design by Neil McKeown
New Songs by Bobby Locke
Stage Manager – Charlotte Rachel Louise Cooper
Listings
Dates 28th March – 1st April 2017, Tuesday – Saturday at 7.30pm
Wed matinee at 1.30pm and Sat matinee at 2.30pm
The Greenwich Theatre
Book http://ift.tt/XtElkr
PRESS AND OPENING NIGHT 29th March at 7.30pm
Twitter @LazarusTheatre
Facebook /LazarusTheatre
http://ift.tt/2lTeANE LondonTheatre1.com
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