This is what an erupting volcano looks like from space.
📽: NASA Johnson
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A fortuitous orbit of the International Space Station allowed the astronauts this striking view of Sarychev Volcano (Kuril Islands, northeast from Hokkaido in Japan to Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia) in an early stage of eruption on 12 June 2009.
Sarychev Peak is one of the most active volcanoes in the Kuril Island chain, and it is located on the northwestern end of Matua Island.
Prior to June 12, the last explosive eruption occurred in 1989, with eruptions in 1986, 1976, 1954, and 1946 also producing lava flows.
Ash from the multi-day eruption has been detected 2,407 kilometers east-southeast and 926 kilometers west-northwest of the volcano.
Commercial airline flights are being diverted away from the region to minimize the danger of engine failures from ash intake.
This detailed astronaut photograph is exciting to volcanologists because it captures several phenomena that occur during the earliest stages of an explosive volcanic eruption.
The main column is one of a series of plumes that rose above Matua Island on June 12.
The plume appears to be a combination of brown ash and white steam. The vigorously rising plume gives the steam a bubble-like appearance.
In contrast, the smooth white cloud on top may be water condensation that resulted from rapid rising and cooling of the air mass above the ash column.
This cloud, which meteorologists call a pileus cloud, is probably a transient feature: the eruption plume is starting to punch through.
The structure also indicates that little to no shearing wind was present at the time to disrupt the plume.
(Satellite images acquired 2-3 days after the start of activity illustrate the effect of shearing winds on the spread of the ash plumes across the Pacific Ocean.)
By contrast, a cloud of denser, gray ash — probably a pyroclastic flow — appears to be hugging the ground, descending from the volcano summit.
The rising eruption plume casts a shadow to the northwest of the island.
Brown ash at a lower altitude of the atmosphere spreads out above the ground at image lower left.
Low-level stratus clouds approach Matua Island from the east, wrapping around the lower slopes of the volcano.
Only about 1.5 kilometers of the coastline of Matua Island are visible beneath the clouds and ash.
[It] documents the extraordinary lives of married French volcanologists Katia and Maurice Krafft who were trailblazing pioneers obsessed with capturing footage of active volcanoes before dying tragically in a pyroclastic flow on Mount Unzen in Japan in 1991. [...] Dosa uses the quirky couple's own decades worth of material compiled to tell their incredible real-life story of love and lava.
love documentaries because they tell stories about someone I know, but not that well, or they can tell a story about someone or something I don’t know very much about. That’s the case with Fire of Love. This documentary tells the story of two of the world’s best volcanologists, Katia and Maurice Krafft, and why they love each other as much as they love studying volcanoes.
Katia and Maurice…
magic system where “dark magic” and “light magic” are literal terms - dark magic consumes photons, making an area around the spell visibly darker, sometimes to an Extreme extent, and light magic releases photons.
because of this most dark mages tend to work in very brightly-lit areas (either artificial light or outside in the daytime) to fuel their spells and wear and use lightly coloured clothes and tools so that they’re easier to see in the dimness their spells create, whereas light mages wear heavy, sometimes leaden robes (depending on the work being done) and the magical equivalent of welding masks to protect themselves from what can be an extreme amount of light, and sometimes other kinds of electromagnet radiation!
needless to say this is incredibly confusing for anyone unfamiliar with the culture
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you ever think about the geometry of Rykard's arena as far as like, where it is and what space it occupies below the manor? sometimes I'm hanging out in there and I'm like, where's the load-bearing supports. how is 50,000 tonnes of magma not instantly falling into here.
I’m no volcanologist but based on the two hours I just spent reading about volcanic eruptions it doesn’t seem like a volcano actively spewing lava would have a massive chamber underneath that isn’t 1. collapsed or 2. completely filled to the brim with magma. like come on those skinny pillars in Rykard’s boss room aren’t gonna support the weight of this
side note Altus is extremely lucky Mt. Gelmir decided to empty its lava into the sea instead of releasing a pyroclastic flow directly to the gates of Leyndell
ok but maybe this chamber is intact because there’s something special about it… what if it’s not just the place Rykard hangs out these days, but it was actually the historical lair of the great serpent… the place where Mt. Gelmir’s serpent cult of old offered up sacrifices to their serpent god… the chamber is practically built out of hundreds of carbonized bodies frozen in agony
gonna go with the hand-wavey ancient power of the great serpent as the reason why this chamber still stands. and also Rykard’s sheer force of will desperately trying to keep his girlboss empire from being swallowed up by magma
I'm reading and listening to The Underworld: Journeys to the Depths of the Ocean by Susan Casey and I keep basically coming up for air (i.e. scrolling the dash for a few minutes) after about each chapter so I can process and vibrate with excitement etc.
The abyss fascinates me and terrifies me and I've been anxiously awaiting my turn to read this for months (I placed holds last year shortly after the book was released).
This is going to lead me down more rabbit holes, probably alternating between geology, biology, oceanography, plate tectonics, and volcanology (all of which are things I've previously spent a lot of time learning about, but my interest has been rekindled recently, hence reading The Underworld).
Gotta say, though, there have been some... awkward... moments. This book came out less than 6 weeks after the oceangate incident, and there are so many lines that have made me wince (like how there hadn't been a manned-submersible death since the 1970s...)