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evoldir · 5 months

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Fwd: Postdoc: ClarkU.FungalEvolution

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Postdoc: ClarkU.FungalEvolution > Date: 21 November 2023 at 05:17:59 GMT > To: [email protected] > > > > > Postdoc: Fungal evolution Clark University > > The Hibbett https://ift.tt/lNWSP0x and Tabima > https://ift.tt/FwJICVQ labs at Clark University invite > applications for a postdoctoral position in evolutionary mycology. The > post-doc will conduct research in comparative genomics, phylogenomics and > population genetics in the genus Lentinus, with a focus on the polymorphic > species Lentinus tigrinus. More information about the project can be > found here https://ift.tt/1cEPfOw. Interests and expertise > in basidiomycete systematics, phylogenetic methods, population genomics, > and fungal development would all be assets (although no applicant is > expected to have background in all these areas). The post-doc will also > work with undergraduates and contribute to outreach activities involving > students in the Worcester public schools and community mycologists. Up > to 32 months of support is available, beginning as early as May 2024. > > To apply, please send a curriculum vitae, statement of interests > and goals, and contact information for three references to > [email protected]. > > Clark University embraces equal opportunity as a core value: we believe > that cultivating an environment that embraces and promotes diversity > is fundamental to the success of our students, our employees and > our community. This commitment applies to every aspect of education, > services, and employment policies and practices at Clark. Our commitment > to diversity informs our efforts in recruitment, hiring and retention. > All positions at Clark share in the responsibility for building > a community that values diversity and the uniqueness of others by > exhibiting integrity and respect in interacting with all members of the > Clark community to create an atmosphere of fairness and belonging. We > strongly encourage members from historically underrepresented communities, > inclusive of all women, to apply. > > Founded in 1887, Clark was one of the first all-graduate institutions > in the United States. Today the University is a highly-ranked, > student-centered institution educating approximately 2,350 undergraduate > and 1,150 graduate students. The Biology Department includes thirteen > tenure-track faculty, with strengths in evolutionary biology and microbial > biology (prokaryotes and eukaryotes). The Department supports sixteen > PhD students and eleven Master’s students. The Hibbett and Tabima labs > are located in the Lasry Center for BioScience and are connected by a > shared interlab space. > > Clark is located in Worcester, Massachusetts, a dynamic, diverse city > on the rise. The second largest city in New England, Worcester is home > to 11 institutions of higher learning and is increasingly recognized > for its growing healthcare and biotechnology communities, its thriving > cultural scene, and as a vibrant food hub. > > David Hibbett

#IFTTT #Email

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cramerlundgren37 · 1 year

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Examining extended STIRPAT label of urbanization as well as As well as pollution levels throughout China.

lipolytica telomeres inside vivo. In addition to the homologues from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and several basidiomycetous fungus infection (Sanchez-Alonso, G., and also Guzman, R. (2008) Candica Genet. Biol. Fortyfive, S54-S62), Tay1p constitutes a novel family of putative telomeric elements whose investigation may be crucial to understand the function and development involving double-stranded Genetics telomeric meats.Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere malady (BVVLS) is a exceptional neural disease seen as a sensorineural hearing problems as well as several cranial lack of feeling palsies, usually regarding the VIIth as well as IXth in order to XIIth cranial nerves. All of us explain the specialized medical and also pathological options that come with a new 33-year-old woman along with BVVLS. The patient designed modern exertional dyspnea, along with scientific and also lab findings regarding right-sided center failure along with pulmonary high blood pressure. Your woman created status epilepticus in the setting involving heart failure degeneration and also respiratory system infection, as well as died regarding cardiogenic and septic surprise. Autopsy disclosed bilateral neuronal decline and also gliosis from the substandard colliculi, locus coeruleus along with facial and vestibular nuclei. Cor pulmonale is a side-effect involving hypoventilation-induced hypoxia and also hypercapnia and had not noted in BVVLS. (Chemical) This year Elsevier W.Versus. Just about all privileges set-aside.Function: We all previously discovered that mobile FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), caspase 8-10, and also tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Piste) receptor Two (DR5) are major authorities involving mobile possibility as well as chemotherapy-induced apoptosis throughout intestines cancers. Within this research, all of us established the particular prognostic value of c-FLIP, caspase 7, TRAIL as well as DR5 term within tissues via people along with stage Two along with 3 intestinal tract cancer. Experimental Style: Tissues microarrays were made out of matched up typical and also tumour tissue derived from sufferers (and Equates to 255) going to a new phase Three tryout of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy vs . postoperative remark alone. Path, DR5, caspase 8, and also c-FLIP phrase amounts had been based on immunohistochemistry. Results: Digestive tract tumors exhibited drastically larger term amounts of c-FLIP (P < Zero.001), caspase Eight (P = Zero.01), and DR5 (S < 3.001), but 'abnormal' amounts regarding Path (S < 2.001) in comparison with harmonized standard cells. In univariate evaluation, higher TRAIL appearance from the cancer had been associated with more serious total survival (P Equals 2.026), which has a pattern to be able to decreased relapse-free success (RFS; G Is equal to 3.06), far better tumor c-FLIP expression had been connected with a drastically reduced RFS (S Equates to Zero.015). Using multivariate predictive modeling for RFS in most patients and also including most biomarkers, age, remedy, and also point, many of us found out that the particular design ended up being considerable when the imply tumour c-FLIP appearance score and disease point ended up incorporated (G < 3.001). In relation to overall success, the complete style was predictive while both Piste phrase and also condition point have been incorporated (S DT-061 purchase < Zero.

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medicines1122 · 1 year

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BUY AMANITA MUSCARIA ONLINE – FOR SALE

Amanita Muscaria mushroom belongs to the basidiomycete division of fungi, one of two divisions that create the Dikarya subkingdom, commonly referred to as the “higher fungi.” This subkingdom of fungi forcibly dischargesballistospores into the air from their sterigma to reproduce.

https://www.psychedelicpharmastore.com/product/amanita-muscaria/

Most of them reproduce sexually through their ballistospores, but a smaller number reproduce asexually using this same method. The A. muscaria reproduces both sexually and asexually, depending on whether or not the spores come into contact with the spores of another mating type. It has a distinguished appearance with a bright red cap, white stem, and white-to-yellow warts covering the cap.

A. muscaria contains the psychoactive compounds ibotenic acid and muscimol, and is classified as poisonous. Despite this, people throughout the world eat this mushroom. Siberian shamans may have been using it since as early as the stone age. The mushroom loses its poisonous compounds when properly cooked. Essentially, parboiling the mushroom twice weakens the mushroom’s toxicity and activates the psychoactive compounds.

Different names for Amanita Muscaria

Common names for the Amanita muscaria mushroom include:

Fly agaric

Fly amanita

Muscaria

Muhara

Devil’s Hat

The names fly agaric and fly amanita refer to the traditional use of the mushroom as an insecticide. Somehypothesize the mushroom draws insects toward it from the compound 1,3-diolein that has intoxicating properties. Another possible derivation of the term fly agaric stems from the medieval belief that insects entering one’s head can cause mental illness. This relates to the psychoactive properties of the mushroom that during medieval times would be considered a form of madness.

Common Ways to Use Amanita Muscaria

The safe consumption of A. muscaria involves drying the mushroom out then either ingesting them or smoking them. The drying process slightly varies depending on whether the intention is to ingest the mushroom or smoke it.

Ingesting Amanita Muscaria

Once you have a batch of fresh Amanita muscaria mushrooms, they must be dried to ensure poisonous compounds degrade prior to eating them. To safely dry out these mushrooms, place them on a newspaper or cloth then store them in a dark and dry environment. This process typically takes several weeks. To speed the drying process up, you can chop them into small pieces or heat them in an oven at no more than 75 degrees Celsius.

After completion of the drying process, the mushrooms are safe to eat. They can be consumed as is, baked into any type of food, or even made into a tea. To make them into a tea simply grind them into small pieces or a powder then place them in boiling water. This extracts the psychoactive compounds from the mushroom and into the water.

Smoking Amanita Muscaria

To dry A. muscaria mushrooms with the intention of smoking them, you must first peel the red skin and orange goo from the gills. Once the skin has been removed, place it on a pan with the red skin facing upwards. Place them in an oven at slightly under 75 degrees Celsius, checking frequently. When air bubbles form simply press them down with a fork or knife to ensure the entire piece dries thoroughly. Once the pieces are dried, you can grind them in a typical herb grinder and smoke them through a pipe or in a cigarette.

History & Traditional Uses

The first discovery of ancient people using the A. muscaria mushroom occurred in the early 19th century when Russian travelers began exploring eastern Siberia. In this area, shamans and the people used the mushroom together. The shaman consumed the mushroom then the tribesmen drank his urine to also ingest the psychoactive compounds. Some believe this process of drinking the urine of someone who just consumed the mushroom effectively filtered out the compounds that produced adverse effects such as sweating and twitching. Unlike eastern Siberia, western Siberian tribes only allowed the shamans to consume the A. muscaria mushroom as a way to produce a trance-like state.

#amanita #amanita mascaria #amanita muscaria #amanita muscaria (organism classification)#amanita muscaria documentary #amanita muscaria efectos #amanita muscaria effects #amanita muscaria flavivolvata #amanita muscaria mushroom #amanita muscaria preparation #amanita muscaria safety guide #amanita muscaria trip report #history of amanita muscaria #mikrodawkowanie amanita muscaria #muscaria #myths about amanita muscaria #pharmacology of amanita muscaria

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raahaugejones · 1 year

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Unfolded health proteins result in cardiovascular disease

The portion with the alternative throughout VCDR explained from this blending aspect ended up being 2.Fifty-eight. CONCLUSIONS. Findings from this examine are in conjuction with the existence of a major gene that makes up about 58% from the variance in VCDR. These benefits clearly support more efforts to spot the hereditary variants to blame for this quantitative feature, that is a essential constituent from the phenotype of principal open-angle glaucoma (POAG). (Make investments Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Last year;50:5275-5280) DOI:Ten.1167/iovs.08-3065The supplementary metabolites of the saprotrophic wood-decay basidiomycete fungus infection Granulobasidium vellereum were researched. Six sesquiterpenes had been acquired; 2-hydroxycoprinolone (A single), 8-deoxy-4a-hydroxytsugicoline (2), 8-deoxydihydrotsugicoline (3), which are previously certainly not described, radulone Any as well as B, as well as coprinolone ketodiol. Furthermore, base-treatment of merely one yielded the analysis degradation goods la as well as 1b, while radulone The was discovered in order to create Four beneath slight acidic problems. The actual buildings ended up based on NMR, Microsoft, Disc along with polarimetry, in addition to biosynthetic things to consider. Radulone A fully limited the spore germination of the potentially competing fungi Bicalutamide research buy Phlebiopsis gigantea, Coniophora puteana and Heterobasidion occidentale in 15 mu Meters, 500 mu Meters and Hundred mu Mirielle, respectively. No some other materials analyzed gave climb to your development inhibition. (D) The year 2013 Elsevier Ltd. Almost all protection under the law reserved.Recent breakouts regarding nephrolithiasis along with acute renal system injury amongst youngsters within The far east happen to be associated with swallowing involving milk-based toddler formula toxified along with melamine. These kinds of situations offer data in people for the nephrotoxicity regarding melamine, which in turn formerly ended up referred to only within wildlife. The results with this episode happen to be severe and will most likely keep getting worse. Herein we sum it up the worldwide influence in the melamine milk toxic contamination, the actual reemergence regarding melamine-tainted animal feed, and possible mechanisms involving melamine nephrotoxicity. Large-scale epidemiologic research is necessary to even more define this complaint and to examine it's possible long-term sequelae. This particular crisis of environment kidney disease features the particular morbidity connected with adulterated food items for sale in the current world-wide industry along with informs us of the exclusive weakness in the renal for you to environmental insults. Melamine may be the newest inside a expanding listing of different probably toxic compounds with regards to which in turn nephrologists and other health-care vendors in charge of the identification and treatments for renal system illness need to be conscious.Wavelengths from the 5382insC mutation in the BRCA1 gene and the 1100delC mutation in the CHEK2 gene ended up in contrast inside the band of breast cancers sufferers and the large-scale test, composed of 7920 Genetic make-up individuals via healthful residents of the capital of scotland- Novosibirsk. Higher wavelengths of those mutations inside the patient party compared to the control taste (A single.

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lichenaday · 4 years

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Acantholichen galapagoensis

Galapagos spiny gladiator lichen

Don’t ask me how this adorable lady who looks like fuzzy lil mittens got the badass epithet of spiny gladiator lichen, but I approve. A. galapagoensis is a squamulose lichen that forms elongated, swollen squamules attached at a narrow base that proliferate toward the ends. They are abundantly branched and form closely layered, tiled colonies. The surface is a light blue gray or olive when unshaded, turning necrotic light beige or orange when shaded. The pruinose surface is made up of spiny apical hyphal cells called acanthohyphidia which are found in certain basidiomycetes and lichens of this genus. They have a robust cyanobacterial photobiont layer. A. galapagoensis colonizes bryophytes in higher altitudes and humid zones of the Galapagos islands, and is unique from other members of the genus because of its large, overlapping thallus structure. This lichen used to have a high population, but a loss of native biodiversity to its island home have threatened this unique baby as the plants it was adapted to colonizing have disappeared. So if you feel strongly about protecting beautiful gals like A. galapagoensis, consider donating to the Latin American Lichenologists GoFundMe campaign! This will help Latinx students and scientists attend the 9th symposium for Lichenology where they can network and increase awareness for native lichen species!

https://www.gofundme.com/f/latin-lichenologists-at-ial9/

source | source | source | source

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baildragon93 · 2 years

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Using Eight Why Do Nuclear Explosions Help to make Mushroom Clouds? Tactics Like The Pros

Recent DNA research provides shown how the easy fact that some sort of mushroom has gills would not necessarily associate it to some other mushrooms with gills (for read more about this topic, see What, If Anything, Will be a Gilled Mushroom? ). Thus the particular "Agaricales, " the taxonomic order useful for centuries to carry mushrooms with gills, turns out not.? Mushrooms Demystified? is an excellent book which has stood the test out of time, and contains dichotomous keys. That? s range is more restricted to the particular Gulf Coast Says, though it can get found in typically the Northeast. Second, acquire into account the environment where they were found. Psilocybin or 4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine is obtained from dry mushrooms present in Sth America, Mexico, and even Southern and North-West regions of typically the US. As well as the certain individual entries, the book includes standard information on identifying mushrooms (w/illustrations), mushroom names, gathering mushrooms, edible & non-edible mushrooms, toxins, and preparing mushrooms, in addition to a handful of t: Amanita muscaria, frequently known as the particular fly agaric or even fly amanita, is a basidiomycete of typically the genus is also a muscimol through the entire temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, Amanita muscaria has already been unintentionally brought to many countries inside the Lower Hemisphere, generally because a symbiont along with pine and birch plantations, and is now a genuine. The edible mushrooms are good to help weight management, improving functions of resistant system as well as others. Sure, the edible mushrooms are very tasty and good to become added to typically the foods you prepare and eat. In Japanese cuisine, they will are often included to hotpot since of their gentle flavor and ability to soak up the broth. No - aspirin (and all other human soreness medications like Tylenol, Motrin, Advil, Alevoso, ibuprofen, acetominophen, etc . ) are harmful to dogs. Not any, you cannot offer Tylenol to cats for pain due to the fact it can cause a new fatal reaction (Heinz body anemia). Withdrawal of psilocybin is usually tricky for some customers, withdrawing from your medication can cause them psychological effects and will also drag them to depression. Physical stresses include a lack of sleep, poor diet or the associated with an condition. Incorporating mushrooms directly into your diet isn? t that difficult to do. Never consume mushrooms that have certainly not been positively discovered. The students A classification of mushrooms that contains psilocybin means that they currently possess no accepted health care use. At existing there is no evidence of serious well being damage from long term use. Fly agaric use is even more likely to effect in unpleasant outcomes, including nausea plus vomiting, stiffness of joints plus a shortage of coordination. Ceiling against magic mushrooms can also be a bad point as having some sort of huge dose involving shrooms can result in symptoms like vomiting, muscle weakness, systematisierter wahn, and even seizures. Thirty participants received psilocybin, while up to 29 were given escitalopram and both teams reported a decrease in the intensity of depressive signs and symptoms. Fifty-six percent of the votes backed the measure, when 44 percent identified against it, using around 1. on the lookout for million votes measured, according to the AP. In accordance with Ayurveda there are about three bodily constitutions : pitta, vata, plus kappa. brazilian strain mushrooms are more probably to happen with higher doses. It is best to take compact doses of mushrooms to prevent an overdose of psilocybin. These kinds of mushrooms usually develop in meadows in addition to pastures, often throughout those grazed simply by sheep. People expanding their own might have a favorite type of magic mushrooms based on ease of cultivation. If an individual have heard typically the words "Magic mushrooms" or "Psychedelic mushrooms" from your close friends and they are searching where to get psychedelic mushrooms from, you may contact us in Magic Mushrooms On the web. Should you be searching in which to get psychedelic mushrooms from, you can reach out to be able to Magic Mushrooms On the web. They believe that will drugs like magic mushrooms or bud are sacred. When you buy secret mushrooms, you generally come across terms like Shrooms, Glowing tops, Liberties, Mushies, Amani, Agari, Philosopher? s stone, and so on. They are nothing nevertheless alternate names to be able to refer to magic mushrooms. There are usually many sorts of berry bodies which are not a fact mushrooms, including puffballs and morels. Although we'd like to doff our hats to record holders in each of those categories, there does not seem to always be a lot regarding opposition to stimulate almost any heated, timed competition. I possess carefully looked by way of and can see no yellowing at all but obviously I feel I should discard the complete lot now.

#brazilian cubensis

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salthead91 · 2 years

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Making use of 8 Why Perform Nuclear Explosions Help make Mushroom Clouds? Methods Like The Pros

Recent DNA research provides shown how the easy fact that a new mushroom has gills would not necessarily bring up it to additional mushrooms with gills (for read more about this topic, see Just what, If Anything, Is usually a Gilled Mushroom? ). Thus the "Agaricales, " the taxonomic order useful for centuries to hold mushrooms with gills, works out not.? Mushrooms Demystified? is a good excellent book which has stood the evaluation of time, and has dichotomous keys. That? s range is more restricted to the Gulf Coast Areas, though it can be found in typically the Northeast. Second, acquire into account the particular environment where they were found. Psilocybin or 4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine is from dried up mushrooms found in Southwest America, Mexico, in addition to Southern and North-West regions of the US. As well as the certain individual entries, the particular book includes basic information on determining mushrooms (w/illustrations), mushroom names, gathering mushrooms, edible & non-edible mushrooms, toxins, and even preparing mushrooms, and also a handful of s i9000: Amanita muscaria, frequently known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is actually a basidiomycete of the particular genus is also a muscimol through the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, Amanita muscaria has recently been unintentionally brought to a lot of countries inside the The southern part of Hemisphere, generally since a symbiont using pine and birch plantations, and is definitely now a real. The edible mushrooms are good to assist weight management, increasing functions of immune system as well as others. Indeed, the edible mushrooms are very tasty and good being added to the particular foods you prepare and eat. Within Japanese cuisine, these people are often added to hotpot mainly because of their mild flavor and ability to take in the broth. No : aspirin (and just about all other human discomfort medications like Tylenol, Motrin, Advil, Aleve, ibuprofen, acetominophen, etc . ) are harmful to dogs. Zero, you cannot give Tylenol to felines for pain due to the fact it may cause some sort of fatal reaction (Heinz body anemia). Drawback of psilocybin is definitely tricky for a few consumers, withdrawing from your drug can cause all of them psychological effects and will also drag these to depression. Physical stressors include a shortage of sleep, negative diet or the associated with an disease. Incorporating mushrooms directly into your diet isn? t that difficult to do. Never consume mushrooms that have certainly not been positively determined. penis envy mushrooms dried of mushrooms containing psilocybin means that they currently have no accepted health care use. At current there is no evidence of serious health and fitness damage from lengthy term use. Go agaric 2 extra likely to end result in unpleasant effects, including nausea and vomiting, stiffness of joints and a shortage of coordination. Patience against magic mushrooms can also be a bad issue as having a new huge dose involving shrooms can trigger symptoms like nausea or vomiting, muscle weakness, systematisierter wahn, and even seizures. Thirty participants were given psilocybin, while 30 were given escitalopram and both types reported a decrease in the seriousness of depressive symptoms. Fifty-six percent associated with the votes recognized the measure, whilst 44 percent identified against it, together with around 1. nine million votes measured, according to typically the AP. In accordance with Ayurveda there are three bodily constitutions : pitta, vata, in addition to kappa. Bad trips are more likely to happen together with higher doses. It is best to take small doses of mushrooms to stop an overdose of psilocybin. These types of mushrooms usually grow in meadows in addition to pastures, often throughout those grazed simply by sheep. People increasing their own might have a favorite variety of magic mushrooms based on easy cultivation. If you have heard the words "Magic mushrooms" or "Psychedelic mushrooms" from your close friends and are also searching exactly where to get psychedelic mushrooms from, you are able to contact us at Magic Mushrooms On the internet. In case you are searching where to get psychedelic mushrooms from, you are able to reach out to be able to Magic Mushrooms On the internet. They believe that will drugs like miracle mushrooms or pot are sacred. Any time you buy magic mushrooms, you usually come across terms like Shrooms, Glowing tops, Liberties, Mushies, Amani, Agari, Philosopher? s stone, and so on. These are generally nothing yet alternate names to refer to secret mushrooms. There are usually many kinds of fruits bodies that are not a fact mushrooms, including puffballs and morels. Though we'd wish to doff our hats to be able to record holders within each of all those categories, there doesn't seem to become a lot involving opposition to inspire any kind of heated, timed competition. I include carefully looked via and can observe no yellowing at all but obviously I find myself I should dispose of the complete lot right now.

#penis envy mushrooms dried

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metabologies · 2 years

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Reproductive Metabologies

Keiko Kitabayashi, Shumpei Kitamura, Nobuko Tuno. 2022. Fungal spore transport by omnivorous mycophagous slug in temperate forest. Ecology and Evolution Vol.12, Issue 2, e8565, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8565

Image source: New Scientist

Slugs are important consumers of fungal fruiting bodies and expected to carry their spores. In this study, we examined whether slugs (Meghimatium fruhstorferi) can act as effective dispersers of spores of basidiomycetes. The microscopic observation confirmed the presence of basidiospores in feces of field-collected slugs, and the DNA metabarcoding study revealed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were major fungal taxa found in the feces. In Basidiomycota, the dominant order was Agaricales followed by Trichosporonales and Hymenochaetales. The laboratory experiments using Tylopilus vinosobrunneus showed that slugs carried a large number of spores in their digestive tracts. It was also observed that Pleurotus, Armillaria, and Gymnopilus spores excreted by slugs had a higher germination capacity than control spores collected from spore prints. The field experiments showed that slugs traveled 10.3 m in 5 h at most by wandering on the ground, litter layers, wood debris, and tree trunks. These results suggest that slugs could carry spores of ectomycorrhizal, saprophytic, and wood-decaying fungi to appropriate sites for these fungi to establish colonies.

#metabolism #symbiosis #fungi #reproduction #evolution #ecology

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rattyexplores · 1 year

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The Colourful Microporus affinis

Fungi in the Micoporus genus are often quite stunning, with M. affinis being a particular standout due to its bright colours.

Microporus affinis

06/07/22

#Microporus affinis #Microporus #Polyporaceae #Bracket Fungi #Polyporales #shelf fungi #Agaricomycotina #Higher Basidiomycetes #Basidiomycota #Basidiomycete Fungi #mycology #fungi #fungus

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kswin01-blog · 5 years

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Biodiversity part 1

Materials:

Bacteria:

Eubacteria

Blue-green algae

Protista

Plants:

Lower plants

Higher plants

Fungi:

Basidiomycetes

Zygomycetes

Whole mount slides

Microscope

Activities:

Using the materials determine what each organism is

Using the materials determine the domain and kingdom

Using the materials determine the basic characteristics of each specimen that it shares with other specimens

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elegantcreatorauthorzipper-blog · 5 years

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Lab 8 - Biodiversity

Materials (Week 1)

- Bacteria (Eubacteria) (Blue-green algae)

- Protista (various representatives)

- Plants (lower plants) (higher plants)

- Fungi (Basidiomycetes) (Zygomycetes)

Materials (Week 2)

- Porifera (sponges)

- Cnidaria (Corals, Hydroids, Jellyfish)

- Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

- Annelida (segmented worms)

- Arthropoda

- Echinoderms

- Chordata (invertebrate chordates) (vertebrate chordates - fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals)

Methods

- recognize representatives for the major groups

- know the major morphological features of each group

- know very basic ecology of each group

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tmapstone1-blog · 6 years

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Lab 8 Biodiversity 1

Materials:

Bacteria, Eubacteria (3 types), algae, protista, plants, (higher and lower), fungi, basidiomycetes.

Exercises:

To properly identify morphological characteristics of each group.

To properly identify ecological niches that these species have exploited.

To properly identify the taxonomic groups that the species belong to

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aberthiaume24-blog · 6 years

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Biodiversity

Materials:

- Representatives: living materials

-Bacterial colonies: E. Coli

-Bacteria colonies: B megabacterium

-Blue-green Algae: Nostoc

-Blue-green Algae: Oscillatoria

-Amoeba

-Paramecium

-Trypanosoma

-Fucus

-Ulva

-Red Algae

-Moss

-Ferns

-Photosynthetic pigments

-Antheridium and sperm/eggs

-Stalk and sporangium

-Leaves and cones

-Carrot root

-Pollen

-Live flower

-Bread culture

-mushroom specimens

Exercises:

Survey of the major groups of organisms

Major Groups for Diversity Lab Week 1

Bacteria

Representative of Eubacteria (3 types)

Representatives of the Blue-green algae

Protista

Various representatives

Plants

Representatives of the lower plants

Representatives of the higher plants

Fungi

Basidiomycetes

Zygomycetes

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gethealthy18-blog · 6 years

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Reishi Mushroom Benefits for Immunity, Longevity & More

New Post has been published on http://healingawerness.com/news/reishi-mushroom-benefits-for-immunity-longevity-more/

Reishi Mushroom Benefits for Immunity, Longevity & More

Mushrooms are delicious of course (like in this homemade cream of mushroom soup recipe), but they can also be incredibly healing. Reishi mushrooms are particularly special as they are one of the oldest mushrooms used medicinally and boast benefits ranging from longevity to cancer treatment.

What Are Reishi Mushrooms?

Reishi mushrooms are a group of mushrooms that are native to Japan, China, and Korea. The Chinese name for this mushroom is lingzhi, but it is best known in America as reishi (its Japanese name).

It’s been said that reishi (and lingzhi) translates as a number of names including “King of Mushrooms,” “Possessed of Soul Power,” “Herb of Spiritual Potency,” “Mushroom of Immortality,” and “Magic Fungus.” (Hmm… I’ll pass on that last one.)

Why all the fuss? I wanted to find out.

Healing Benefits of Reishi Mushroom

I knew mushrooms could be good for you, but this “King of Mushrooms” has an especially amazing ability to heal and balance the body.

Regulates the Immune System

Studies show reishi mushroom may regulate the immune system as well as improve its natural ability to fight invaders. A 2006 study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology shows that reishi mushroom is an immune system modulator.

That means reishi is not just an immune stimulator (nor an immunosuppressant). It can actually adapt and do either depending on the body’s need at the time (pretty amazing!).

Just as reishi mushrooms can boost the immune system when there’s an infection, it can also dial it back when an autoimmunity is present. A 2002 study published in Life Science found that one way reishi mushrooms boost the immune system is by helping grow and strengthen T- and B-cells (defender cells) in the body.

Reishi mushrooms also:

help heal – A 2006 study found that Reishi also has advanced wound healing abilities.

makes antibiotics more effective – A study published in the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms found that reishi boosts the antimicrobial action of antibiotics.

fights herpes – A 2000 study found that the polysaccharides and triterpenes in reishi bind to viruses and stop them from entering and attaching to healthy cells.

Protects Against Cancer

A healthy immune system will also help fight and prevent diseases (such as cancer), but this mushroom has specific mechanisms for targeting cancer.

Typical chemotherapy works by “poisoning” the body, in hopes that it will harm the cancer cells (without harming healthy cells beyond repair). Obviously, it’s not a perfect treatment (more on that here) and can cause a lot of harm to healthy cells. Reishi may be a promising alternative.

A 2011 study published in the Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology shows that one compound of reishi mushrooms, ganoderic acid, can induce apoptosis (natural cell death) while reducing toxicity to healthy cells.

A 2010 Chinese study found that ganoderic acid also inhibits tumor growth and the ability of cancer cells to migrate in the body.

Lastly, a study published in Oncology Letters found that reishi makes melanoma cells more vulnerable to natural killer (NK) cells. (These are cells that are responsible for attacking tumor and viral infected cells).

Though more research is needed to bring reishi into mainstream cancer treatment, this medicinal mushroom seems to have promise.

Longevity Boosting

Reishi isn’t called the “Mushroom of Immortality” for nothing. One of its claims to fame is as a longevity herb. It makes sense that if reishi can improve immunity and reduce heart disease that it could potentially lengthen a lifespan. But what’s really interesting is how much it can boost longevity.

In a 2011 study reishi was shown to extend the lifespan of mice by 9 to 20 percent (that would be seven to 16 years for humans!).

Some of the ways reishi can boost longevity are:

reduces oxidative stress – A 2005 studies shows reishi protect cellular DNA from oxidant damage that causes aging.

antioxidant power – A 2011 review shows that reishi has a high level of antioxidants that help fight aging.

Liver Health Boosting

Reishi mushroom is considered an adaptogenic herb, which means it helps the body adapt to the stressors around it. When the outside environment is particularly toxic, the liver struggles. That’s why adaptogenic herbs usually focus on liver health.

A study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology found that reishi protects against liver toxicity and promotes liver cell regeneration.

Additionally, a 2013 study published in the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms found that the antioxidants in reishi help reduce immune functions that lower liver function.

Heart Health

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US. There are many factors that contribute to heart disease including lifestyle choices and diet. But if you’re already making good lifestyle choices and still have heart issues, reishi may help.

According to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, compounds called triterpenes in reishi may help reduce blood pressure. They can also slow blood clotting.

Diabetes Protection

It’s not uncommon for people with heart disease to also have diabetes. In people with diabetes, reishi can help reduce both cholesterol and insulin resistance, according to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition.

Neuroprotective

Antioxidants are known to potentially protect the brain from damage because they neutralize oxidative stress. Reishi has lots of antioxidants, so it makes sense that reishi would be neuroprotective.

Researchers believe that reishi may protect the brain from oxidative damage, which protects against degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease, according to a 2012 study published in Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology.

But research shows that it may be more than antioxidants that help protect the brain. Another study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that reishi promoted the modulation of cytokines within the brain. By doing so, reishi may act as a neuroprotective herb.

Are Reishi Mushrooms Safe?

Reishi mushrooms are a safe herb to consume when used appropriately. A reishi tincture is considered safe for adult use for up to one year. The powdered form has been associated with liver toxicity, but that is in large part due to contamination and the way the mushrooms are processed. After some personal research, I don’t have those concerns about the brand I use.

Safety of reishi for small children, pregnant or breastfeeding women, or those with liver disease hasn’t been established. It’s always best to talk with your doctor to discuss whether reishi is right for your family.

Consuming Reishi

As a medicinal herb, reishi is top notch. But as a culinary addition — I’d suggest leaving it out.

Reishi is best as a tincture, tea, or in mushroom coffee tea (where you can’t taste it at all!).

When choosing a tincture, look for one that is “pure yield” which means it uses very little fillers. Ideally your tincture will be close to 5% filler.

Four Sigmatic is the only brand I’ve found that uses the healthiest possible growing and manufacturing practices. I personally use their coffee, tonics, and teas and they are delicious!

These are our favorites:

“Chill” Hot Cacao Mix (with reishi) – No more delicious way to get the benefits of reishi. Rather than boosting energy, this one is made to support sleep and relaxation. The taste is chocolatey with a touch of cinnamon.

Reishi Elixir – Contains a higher therapeutic dose of reishi (1,500 mg). I promise it doesn’t taste like mushrooms either! The taste is slightly bitter, so I add some almond milk and honey for a nice calming drink at the end of a stressful day.

Even my husband who isn’t always thrilled to try my health experiments will drink these and loves them! If you still aren’t sure (and I don’t blame you) this Four Sigmatic mushroom drink sampler is a great way to find your own favorites.

Other Medicinal Mushrooms

There are plenty of other mushrooms with proven therapeutic benefits. Look for more posts on them soon, and here’s another one I get in my coffee!

Have you ever used reishi mushrooms or other mushrooms for their health benefits? What was your experience?

Sources

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Kuo, M. C., Weng, C. Y., Ha, C. L., & Wu, M. J. (2006, January 16). Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappaB.

Radwan, F. F., Perez, J. M., & Haque, A. (2011, December 11). Apoptotic and Immune Restoration Effects of Ganoderic Acids Define a New Prospective for Complementary Treatment of Cancer.

Ganoderic acid T inhibits tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of MMP expression. (2014, January 24).

Zheng, S., Jia, Y., Zhao, J., Wei, Q., & Liu, Y. (2012, March). Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides eradicates the blocking effect of fibrinogen on NK cytotoxicity against melanoma cells.

Oh, K. W., Lee, C. K., Kim, Y. S., Eo, S. K., & Han, S. S. (2000, September). Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with acyclovir and vidarabine.

Zhang, J., Tang, Q., Zimmerman-Kordmann, M., Reutter, W., & Fan, H. (2002, June 28). Activation of B lymphocytes by GLIS, a bioactive proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum.

Gupta, A., Kirar, V., Keshri, G. K., Gola, S., Yadav, A., Negi, P. S., & Misra, K. (n.d.). Wound healing activity of an aqueous extract of the Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (higher Basidiomycetes).

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Wachtel-Galor, S., Yuen, J., Buswell, J. A., & Benzie, I. F. (n.d.). Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi): A Medicinal Mushroom.

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Neuroprotective effect of preadministration with Ganoderma lucidum spore on rat hippocampus. (2011, January 15). Retrieved January 19, 2018, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940299310002332

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Neuroprotective effect of preadministration with Ganoderma lucidum spore on rat hippocampus. (2011, January 15).

Source: https://wellnessmama.com/387274/reishi-mushroom-benefits/

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