#The stakes are higher and the danger is more prevalent. | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

kingofthewilderwest · 5 years

Note

Can you describe Cressida Cowell's writing style? (And try to convince me to start reading httyd books while you're at it)

Oh my goodness, I am *SO* excited to talk about Cowell’s writing style!

I realized my FAQ page was outdated with a broken link (whoops!), so I’ve fixed that! If you haven’t check that page out or my up-to-date #faq tag, I’ve written many responses on why I recommend the HTTYD books. Obviously those posts aren’t focused on Cowell’s writing style, as you’re curious about. Nevertheless, since you’re interested in recommendations and perspectives regarding those books, these prior responses could be worth checking out, and I’ll happily boop you a link to some of those! [1] [2] [3]

Cressida Cowell’s writing style, to me, is a fascinating combination of simple and eloquent. This goes for how she forms sentences, constructs plot, uses tropes, and more. She takes seemingly common elements that most of us wouldn’t consider “special” - and utilizes them to powerful effect.

Her narration style is charming. In the How to Train Your Dragon books, she uses two similar but distinct writing styles. The prologues and epilogues are given a finesse different than the material in the main chapters.

The majority of her text is written in an almost whimsical, childish way - especially at the start of the series. Sentences are simple; descriptions are amusing; humor is prevalent; and her presentation is straightforward. Unashamed use of italics, capslock, font changes, and font size changes - plus childish scribbles for illustration - contribute to the youthfulness of her narration.

How to Train Your Dragon Ch. 1: First Catch Your Dragon:

“ANYBODY would be better than Hiccup,” sneered Snotface Snotlout. “Even Fishlegs would be better than Hiccup.”

Fishlegs had a squint that made him blind as a jellyfish, and an allergy to reptiles.

“SILENCE!” roared Gobber the Belch. “The next boy to speak has limpets for lunch for the next THREE WEEKS!”

There was absolute silence immediately. Limpets are a bit like worms and a bit like snot and a lot less tasty than either.

As the series develops, the main prose develops slightly, too. Fans often discuss how Cowell’s illustrations markedly grow in complexity from start to end, even as they retain their childish personality. Cowell herself has confirmed that these artistic changes are representative of Hiccup aging. The writing doesn’t change as notably, but it’s arguably there. So, this benign, whimsical narration takes on intentional effect: she’s writing a story about a child with prose that matches the character’s age. It helps us readers enter the mind of a child as we go through Hiccup’s younger years. It’s not to say that it means we can’t think through complex topics in this framework, because we do address deep topics in the breadth of the narration... but the childish writing style provides a personality and character and framing device for how we readers “feel” the story.

The prologues and epilogues are different. In first instead of third person, they’re written as the reflections of old man Hiccup in his eighties. The writing style here maintains simple characteristics in, for instance, word choice... but it’s mature in tone and topic. These passages are often my favorites, as they delve into interesting moral reflections tied to the adventures young!Hiccup is having in the main story. This is where Cowell shines the most in her combination of simple and eloquent. There’s beauty in what she writes in the prologues and epilogues. Reading them aloud, words flow marvelously (that opening passage in the first book... mmm yum), and you can hear the reflection of the man behind them. It’s where you’ll get quotes like:

How to Ride a Dragon’s Storm: Epilogue

Maybe all Kings should bear the Slavemark, to remind them that they should be slaves to their people, rather than the other way around. And to help them never to forget what it feels like to be a child... to be small and weak and helpless.

How to Betray a Dragon’s Hero: Prologue

Great things are only made out of love and out of pain.

A great sword must be made out of the very best steel. But what truly makes the sword great is what happens to the sword after it is made.

We call this the “testing” of the sword.

The sword is bashed and hammered and hollered into shape by the bright hammer. It is thrust into the fierce heat of the fire, where it softens, and then it is quickly quenched in water, where it hardens again. The higher the temperature, the fiercer the fire, the tougher and greater the sword eventually becomes.

The whole testing process can make a sword, or break it.

The same could be said for the making of a Hero.

Cowell’s still not using complicated vocabulary. Occasionally she’ll insert something like “indelible” into the text, but generally, it’s (superficially) simple language. However. It’s also thoughtful, eloquent, and markedly more mature than something you’ll get in Chapter 3 of the first book. “Great things are only made out of love and out of pain” is something I could embroider and hang on my wall - it’s that sort of a reflective quote.

The contrast of the two styles - the more childish and the more eloquent-mature - help us understand Hiccup’s life from two perspectives: the viewpoint of a kid experiencing dangers around him idealistically hoping to change the world, and the viewpoint of an adult reflecting back with complex moral understandings. And as Hiccup’s adventures become increasingly darker and he grows in age, the main prose will match the mood.

The writing style works. She doesn’t need a large vocabulary or complex sentential forms to sound thoughtful and imbue great adventures or thematic points. Cowell knows how to impart heart-felt concepts and great reflections for readers of any age, child to adult... and have us impacted by them.

Cressida Cowell’s use of tropes is similarly deceiving. The best writing, I believe, combines refreshingly new material with storytelling elements we’re familiar with - our tropes. I believe Cowell strikes the balance marvelously.

She brings in wildly creative new concepts - like a quirky world where dragon species are everything down to big-mouthed bee catchers or insect-sized nanodragons. Characters are equally as ridiculous and special; I’d be hard-pressed to find a personality similar to Camicazi anywhere in literature or media.

Cowell also knows how to use tropes. We so often see the feckless, unwanted, socially outcast wimpy protagonist turn into a Hero. We’ve seen a character with a special sword and a noteworthy family history. We’ve seen a character called by fate and prophecy to revolutionize the land before apocalypse. But that doesn’t make Hiccup a generic character handled blandly. Cowell balances fate with agency and with the challenges of reality. Hiccup has to make choices to save what he loves. And Hiccup is limited in what he can do. After all, “History is a set of repeating circles, like the tide. The wind does blow through the ruins of tomorrow. But it is more a question of two steps forward, one step back.” What we get is a Hero’s journey, but one where our Hero is truly spectacular, diligent, unyielding, pushed to the brink, and endlessly inspirational.

I think the thing that impresses me the most in how Cowell handles tropes is the “it can’t get any worse and then it does” concept. We’ve seen it before. Stories make protagonists go through a dark low. And when the character doesn’t think situations can worsen, they do. What makes the HTTYD series so spectacular and unique in how it’s handled... is the sheer repeated beating Cowell does. It’s overwhelming. She keeps going, and going, and going, and going, and doesn’t stop. Other authors would have stopped five bad events ago! It’s to the point that, in book ten, after so many bad things repeatedly occurred, I cried when Hiccup reached one small positive in his efforts. The author isn’t afraid to put our protagonist through the ringer, thereby making every bad experience, and good experience, impacting, memorable, and sometimes shocking to us as readers.

Cowell definitely uses plot devices we’ve seen before. But she weaves them together impactingly, making an emotional ride through high highs and low lows. We’re left with an inspirational takeaway and a Hero’s development we won’t forget.

Cowell’s long-term plot structure is brilliant, too. She divides the series into three equal parts, more or less. The first part is the “isolated” series of whimsical, innocent, childish adventures. The second part makes you squint suspiciously, realizing you’re getting into more complex and dangerous incidences than you expected. The third part is what I lovingly call “the Ragnarok of pain and despair.”

The starting books, deceivingly, seem like isolated, simple adventures. Cowell’s actually setting ALL the stages for the series’ later turmoil. She’s inserting characters, items, prophecies, themes, conflicts, and plot points that will become extraordinarily impacting as the series continues. But readers don’t notice Cowell’s clever, thorough foundation. They just see cutesie, simple, isolated incidences first read through.

The middling section is where Cowell starts to utilize what she set up. She begins implementing chaos and intertwining strings, pulling Hiccup’s life from random childhood incidences with Alvin and dragons... into something centrally important. She brings together the history of the Barbaric Archipelago with the current events Hiccup’s experiencing around him. All Hiccup’s starting point experiences from the first books become formulative to the choices he has to make now. And all the while, there’s the stewing build-up of a central conflict... which explodes at the end of the second part.

The third part is all-out war. All-out drama. All-out danger. All-out stakes. We see how everything Cowell wrote is interconnected, from the start of the series to whatever conclusion Hiccup’s journey will bring. Moral themes and questions are central; characters are pushed into growth; what we thought was some random thing at the start turns out to be a cleverly-inserted Chekhov’s gun. It’s the payoff to all the set-up and build-up... brilliantly, effectively executed.

Obviously I can’t give examples to you. That would be spoilers. XD To people who’ve read the series, I’ll just say, for one example: all the King’s Things. That’s one example of Cowell’s build-up. But the build-up is everything from moral themes, to character dynamics, to foreshadowed historical revelations. It’s well-paced, well-thought through, well-executed.

The How to Train Your Dragon books are thus both simple and eloquent. And that which is simple isn’t “watered down” - it’s “simple” with purpose, “simple” with complexity, “simple” with personality, “simple” with power.

This is why I always encourage people to keep reading after the first few books. Some people find the starting adventures adorable, loving the charm and humor. I adore that all myself! They’re legitimately treasurable books in and of their own. Other readers aren’t as interested in the cutesie stuff, approaching the first HTTYD books with skepticism; they don’t think that these benign stories are “their thing.” However, every time I’ve encouraged skeptics to read after the first few books, they get sucked in, and find themselves screaming and crying and laughing and celebrating with Hiccup’s dynamic adventures. It’s all because Cowell’s simplicity is deceptive: there’s so much more going on, and there’s always more going on the deeper in you look.

#long post #httyd books #faq #httyd #How to Train Your Dragon #How to Ride a Dragon's Storm #analysis #my analysis #Cressida Cowell #ask #ask me #loveallcute

388 notes · View notes

tobogladder · 2 years

Text

The best way to manage 사다리 your sports betting funds

In sports betting, one thing is 파워사다리전용 놀이터 particularly common: people wager too much on each game. According to studies, 99 percent of bettors who place large bets at the sportsbook do so on a single game. It’s not only about selecting winners over losers when it comes to sports betting; it’s also about knowing and practicing sound sports betting money management. There are a variety of money management techniques available on the Internet, but successful players must stick to one of two strategies: flat betting or straight betting.

Avoiding games like parlays, teasers, props, and futures is referred to as the straight betting method. While these are widely publicized in all Las Vegas casinos, the reason for such widespread advertising is because these sports betting kinds bring in a lot of money for the casinos and sportsbooks. This is due to the fact that parlays, for example, are a sort of betting in which you choose the outcome of many games. While the greater the number of games you choose, the higher the payoff, if even one team loses, your profits are gone. Professionals recommend betting on each game separately since you will win smaller sums but will get your money back.

Sticking to straight bets does not always guarantee a positive result. Players must also adhere to flat betting, which means that each game must be wagered in the same or comparable amounts. It’s a widespread notion that changing the 파워사다리전용업체 size of your bets would help you win more money in the long term, but this is completely false. When combining the bets of three different games, the danger of overall loss is substantially larger, even if you come out a winner.

The topic of how much a gambler should wager on each given game is a complex one. This sum will differ depending on the player’s bank account. Bettors should never gamble so much that they are unable to live comfortably during a losing run, but they must gamble enough to maximize their gains. Life may be lovely when you’re on a winning streak. A losing run, on the other hand, may be disheartening as well as the source of a financial crisis for individuals who do not practice basic sports betting money management. This is especially crucial today that online sports bookies are so prevalent since wagering is so much easier tobogladder.

Betting on sports can be not only enjoyable but also incredibly profitable in the long term for bettors who know how to properly manage their money and play out their bets. Discipline is a significant part of success, and it’s also 파워 사다리전용메이저사이트vital for the athletes in the sports that bettors support or oppose. Those aiming for quick cash frequently become greedy and end up putting out more money than they should. So, to avoid becoming one of these players that loses money in the long run, be steady and sensible with your bets.

The Sports Betting 파워사다리전용 백조 Industry in the United States

In the present era, sports betting has become a vital component of all major international competitions. There are nations where all sorts of sports betting are permitted, and then there are nations where betting is prohibited.

토토사이트 understanding the sports betting rules

Regardless of any restrictions in place, sports betting has always been a part of the game at sports venues across the world.

Play betting’s basic feature is that you stake a set amount of money on a team of your choosing to win a game. If that team wins, you will get a promised amount for the money you have invested. In the event that the contrary occurs, you will lose all of your money.

Sports Betting in the United States

Sports betting is a popular activity in practically every sector of sport in the United States of America. People who want to gamble on sports such as American football, basketball, or baseball may do so through online sports betting.

There are a number of websites that offer online play betting as well as betting recommendations for numerous sports.

Betting on American Football

Because the rules and structure of American football differ from those of international football, it is given a distinctive name. The game, on the other hand, is extremely popular in the United States.

The National Football League, or NFL, is an American football league whose championship game is known as the Super bowl.

There are various specialists and former players that offer American football betting tips on the internet forum, providing insight into the greatest bet for those interested in placing wagers.

Here are some more 파워사다리전용 토토사이트 American football betting strategies for you to consider.

If you’re new to sports betting, it’s usually a good idea to familiarize yourself with the intricacies of the game of American football and its wagering regulations before trying your luck.

Before you can grasp the betting rules or even the expert betting advice for American football, you must first have a thorough comprehension of the game.

Also, limit your betting amounts to your personal cash holdings solely, rather than relying on borrowings. You might be able to avoid more problems as a result of this.

It would be prudent to keep in mind that play betting is an unpredictable game in and of itself. Even the finest counsel might fail you at times. So, be ready.

It goes without saying that such contests attract a great number of wagers. There are a number of websites and bookmaker companies that will take your bets in the game.

0 notes

fivestarglam · 3 years

Link

“That strange revolution which sees the sons of the bourgeois throw cobblestones at the sons of proletarians.” So observed the French writer Jean Cau of Paris in 1968, when student protests about living conditions at the university erupted into a historic rebellion against the old guard.

That year, the United States was rocked by riots, assassinations and political crisis, and half a century later, history seems to be, if not repeating itself, then certainly rhyming. Yet while there are huge differences between the 1968 and 2020 disturbances, the one continuous theme running through both uprisings, and indeed all revolutions down the years, is the prominent role of the middle class. In particular, the upper-middle-class, the haute bourgeoise, are the driving force behind revolt and disorder throughout history, especially — as with today — when they feel they have no future.

Today’s unrest involves two sections of US society, African-Americans and upper-middle-class whites, who together form the axis of the Democratic Party, but it is the latter who are far more engaged in racial activism. The “Great Awokening”, the mass movement focused on eradicating racism in America and with a quasi-religious, almost hysterical feel to it, is dominated by the upper middle class.

Of course, when journalists say that any group of protesters are ‘middle class’ (in the British, rather than American, sense) they often mean to downplay their grievances or the value of their argument. Political debate, in British life in particular, is often about who genuinely represents the mystical proletariat, or ‘real people’, and opinion formers are obsessed with class and elitism. Most discourse goes something along the lines of ‘you’re the elite’, ‘no, YOU’RE the elite’, an endless, tedious game played by both Right and Left. I don’t think the composition of a group gives it any more moral weight, but it is true that revolutions and protests, even those ostensibly about the working class or other downtrodden groups, have historically been a bourgeois thing — and 2020 is no different.

The rich have always paradoxically been radical, something G.K. Chesterton observed over a hundred years ago when he wrote “You’ve got that eternal idiotic idea that if anarchy came it would come from the poor. Why should it? The poor have been rebels, but they have never been anarchists: they have more interest than anyone else in there being some decent government. The poor man really has a stake in the country. The rich man hasn’t; he can go away to New Guinea in a yacht. The poor have sometimes objected to being governed badly; the rich have always objected to being governed at all. Aristocrats were always anarchists.”

Before the industrial age established a political divide in which a middle-class conservative/liberal alliance opposed a working-class socialist movement, radicalism was usually an elite or at least bourgeois concern. The Reformation was disproportionately popular among the urban educated; later, while the Whigs were dominant among the wealthy London merchants, Toryism was much more common in the country as a whole.

When the French Revolution degenerated into violence a few intellectuals and aristocrats based in what is now Notting Hill sympathised with the Jacobins, but the English poor were largely unsympathetic, and showed their feelings with the brutal Priestley riots in Birmingham.

That revolution was itself largely a bourgeois affair, most of its leaders being lawyers, journalists or similar. The sans-culottes were idolised as an almost sacred group everyone had to pay lip service to, but they were often preferred in the abstract. Jean-Paul Marat called his newspaper L’Ami du peuple but in reality he despised them, partly because ‘the people’ are not that radical.

This the revolutionaries learned when they tried to overturn the old order and build the world anew, met with fierce resistance by the conservative peasantry in the Vendée region. In southern Italy French Jacobins invaders intent on liberating the country from religious oppression faced the Sanfedismo (‘Holy Faith’), a rural army fighting to defend the faith and king.

Likewise, the Russian Communist movement. While Karl Marx made endless references to the proletariat, he made very little effort to actually deal with them in the flesh, and when he did, he was disappointed by their moderation; when Marx’s comrades formed the First International they made sure that working-class socialists weren’t allowed anywhere near the important positions.

Marx had one proletarian colleague, Wilhelm Weitling, who he ended up putting through a ‘quasi-trial’, in Paul Johnson’s words, because he didn’t agree with all of Marx’s doctrine. The great communist intellectual believed that workers had to be instructed with a “body of doctrine and clear scientific ideas”, and because Weitling had his own opinions, he was cancelled — although Marx’s followers had a more permanent way of cancelling people.

Lenin’s Bolsheviks followed in this fashion, radicalised by their experience at universities, not factories. The Russian revolutionaries were so bourgeois that, as Daniel Kalder observed in Dictator Literature: “Only one solitary worker ever sat on the executive board of Lenin’s party, and he turned out to be a police spy.”

That noble tradition of haute bourgeoisie revolution continues today, especially in the US. The Occupy movement, for example, is deeply opposed to the 1% but largely because they come from the 2-5%; Amy Chua cited figures suggesting that in New York, more than half it members earned $75,000 or more while only 8% were on low incomes, compared to 30% of the city. They also have hugely disproportionate numbers of graduates and post-grads among their members.

The wider Great Awokening, of which the 2020 disturbances are a part, is a very elite phenomenon, with progressive activists nearly twice as likely as the average American to make more than $100,000 a year, nearly three times as likely to have a postgraduate degree, and only one-quarter as likely to be black. Likewise with the radicalisation of American academia, with the safe spaces movement most prevalent at elite colleges, where students were much more likely to disinvite speakers or express more extreme views.

This indicates a significant radicalisation of the rich, a process that began in the 1960s when the heavily class-based politics of the 20th century began to shift. That social revolution, referred to in Britain as the permissive society, was entirely led by from above, a conflict epitomised in Britain by Midlands housewife Mary Whitehouse and her hopeless crusade against the public school liberal Hugh Greene.

In France, while Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialist philosophy made huge headway among students of philosophy and future Cambodian mass murderers, it was less successful when he turned up at a Paris car factory to proclaim revolution. In 1968 the workers of Paris famously refused to side with the students, while in the US, as Christopher Caldwell noted in The Age of Entitlement, that year’s protests and the wider political conflict was partly about social status, with Ivy League students fighting working-class cops, many of whom had sons or brothers in Vietnam fighting a war they still believed in.

“When 135 students affiliated with Students for a Democratic Society occupied Harvard’s University Hall,” Caldwell writes: “the Harvard professor of Irish literature John Kelleher, a working-class Irishman from Lawrence, Massachusetts, called them ‘spoiled brats with an underdeveloped sense of history and a flair for self-protection’”. After 1968, “privileged Americans took out of the Vietnam era a sense of their own moral authority that was not battered but strangely enhanced.” The new class war had begun.

This trend would only accelerate, driven by a combination of media, expanding education and globalisation. In his highly prophetic The Revolt of the Elites, published after his death in 1994, Christopher Lasch argued that the new ruling class was becoming far more radicalised as its values diverged from a more parochial lumpen bourgeois. This more global-minded elite, used to seeing the world at 30,000ft, now embraced diversity as a mark of status but also a faith, with identity politics a replacement for religion — “or at least for the feeling of self-righteousness that is so commonly confused with religion”.

The Great Awokening certainly draws on America’s sectarian religious tradition, in a country formed by Calvinists, Quakers, Baptists and a dozen other Christian sects, but there are also materialist causes, in particular the expansion of the university system and runaway housing costs.

High house prices, in particular caused by planning restrictions, make it harder for the urban elite to settle down and have families — something likely to have a civilizing effect — and also pushes them radically to the Left.

Meanwhile, the expansion of the university system has created what Russian-American academic Peter Turchin called ‘elite overproduction’, the socially dangerous situation where too many people are chasing too few elite places in society, creating “a large class of disgruntled elite-wannabes, often well-educated and highly capable… denied access to elite positions”.

So while around half of 18-year-olds are going onto college, only a far smaller number of jobs actually require a degree. Many of those graduates, under the impression they were joining the higher tier in society, will not even reach managerial level and will be left disappointed and hugely indebted. Many will have studied various activist-based subjects collectively referred to as ‘grievance studies’, so-called because they rest on a priori assumptions about power and oppression. Whether these disciplines push students towards the Left, or if it is just attending university that has this effect, people are coming out of university far more politically agitated.

While the evidence on that is not clear, it’s arguable that a tiny number of very intelligent people being taught the theories of Marcuse or Foucault is probably going to have a limited social impact; when these ideas are disseminated among huge numbers of the young, many of them conformists sensitive to the social cues around them, then quite extreme ideas about dismantling society become normalised.

This has been bubbling up for years — and then along came the coronavirus, throwing millions of people out of work, many from exactly the sort of sections most likely to cause trouble. And what makes it slightly spooky is that a few years back Turchin predicted that there would be a violent flashpoint in American politics — in 2020.

History teaches us that disaffected and bored members of the elite can become a destabilising influence on society. In medieval Europe, the younger sons of lords, destined to never inherit land, were at the centre of numerous rebellions and wars, with the crusades acting as a pressure valve for their violent impulses. In China the term ‘bare branches’ is used to describe those excess males unable to find mates and who then went on to cause trouble, and modern America has record numbers of single people.

Perhaps the most famous example of elite overproduction is the War of the Roses. Edward III’s seven surviving children married into the most powerful families in the realm, helping to stabilise politics during his reign, but this fecund group produced huge numbers of grandchildren and great-grandchildren chasing a limited number of baronial positions, during a period when post-pandemic population decline had hugely decreased the wealth of the landowning class. When the king descended into listless insanity the rival factions turned English politics into a Shakespearean bloodbath.

The lesson of that crisis, as of every crises since, is that discontent and boredom among the rich and powerful can quickly descend into violence; it is they, in the words of the Beatles’ 1968 hit, who usually want to change the world.

0 notes

myhealthbeautyconcerns · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

The rivalry for site traffic, users’ attention, and trust are always increasing, and individuals. Now have more options than ever before for finding the information or items they need. That’s why, as a measure of content relevancy and quality, search engines like Google emphasize expertise, authoritativeness, and trustworthiness (E-A-T).

Demonstrating a high level of E-A-T not only increases your chances of ranking higher for relevant queries. But it also protects your site from losing visibility after a core upgrade and informs people that your material, and by extension. Your brand is a trustworthy source of information.

Lily Ray, the senior director, SEO & head of organic research at Amsive Digital, discussed the tactics that she and her team have identified as being harmful to your E- A-T, as well as ways to bolster it for search engines and users alike, during her session at SMX Advanced titled “Demystifying major algorithm updates in 2021: Where is search headed?”

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

“One of the overall themes I’ve noticed in my research is the increasing prominence of E-A-T, particularly for Your Money or Your Life [YMYL] websites,” Ray explained. “On the other hand, we have essentially eliminated fake news, pseudoscience, clickbait [and] sites that violate scientific and medical consensus, as Google makes apparent in many of its documents.”

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Would you trust financial or medical advice from someone who claims to be an expert? But won’t back it up with evidence or reveal their name and credentials? Publishing articles without naming an author or including a byline with their credentials is the internet version of that.

Sites that omit this information, particularly in YMYL categories like finance, civics, news, and health, are “just making a lot of bold claims without necessarily saying where they got that information from,” Ray said, adding that “there’s no proof or evidence of the claims that they’re making on the site.”And in other situations, the content or counsel they’re delivering throughout the content is downright hazardous. Which is something Google is firmly against.”

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

“Another issue my team and I observed while doing this type of research and working with our clients is that a lot of sites that have been impacted by core upgrades over the last several years tend to have a lot of thin, duplicate, or doorway pages,” Ray explained.

Users are likely to have a poor experience on these pages. These strategies may be used by businesses to save time by reusing a page template or to alter ranking signals. These landing pages, for whatever reason, fail to offer the material that people clicked through from the search results. Eroding your brand’s credibility and visibility for search.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

“Another thing I’ve seen is that these generalist sites that are jack-of-all-trades but master of none. A lot of these types of sites are on the decline,” Ray said. We can notice a reduction in visibility for DIY sites. Which are generally low-stakes themes, in the data above. For businesses looking to improve their E-A-T. If you’re posting YMYL content. It’s ideal to create content that relates to your topic area.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

“One thing we’ve observed on a lot of the badly impacted sites is that they don’t have a good hold on their comments, or on user-generated content throughout the site,” Ray explained. “In some cases, we’ve seen people provide a lot of really sensitive information [in their comments], or perhaps they’re giving really awful medical advice. “So if you’re focusing on E-A-T and people come in and leave personal information or stuff that defies medical consensus or things like that. It can really work against you,” she continued.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

If your affiliate links appear to be internal links to other material, as is often the case with YMYL content, search engines and people may take issue. “If you don’t make it plain that these are affiliate links throughout the material, and if you use instructional. Your Money or Your Life pages really urge the customer to buy things. “With the product reviews upgrade, and even with the core update in June of 2021. It looks to be the case that Google is really ramping up the importance of strong E-A-T and good usability on affiliate sites and product review sites,” Ray added.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Ray described the job her teams do for their clients as “updating, removing, redirecting, or consolidating underperforming content when necessary.”By incorporating these tasks into your workflow. You can limit the danger of duplicate content, remove old information from your site, and save time by giving existing evergreen content a new lease on life.

Improve your site architecture.

Ray told Search Engine Land that “the way a website is architected via its internal linking structure and breadcrumbs can actually aid to convey E-A-T. Use a logical parent/child relationship within your categories, subcategories, articles, and goods to help customers and search engines understand you have a depth of expertise on a certain topic,” says the author.

This method, she added, can also be useful for separating information that isn’t SEO-friendly or could harm your site’s overall quality. Such as user-generated content, adult content, or required website content that should be indexed.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Your E-A-T may be harmed as a result of a bad brand reputation. The reputation of websites and creators is expressly addressed in Section 2.6 of Google’s Search Quality Evaluator Guidelines. Which instructs evaluators that “Many websites are eager to tell people how fantastic they are.”Some webmasters have studied the rating standards and have written reviews on numerous review sites. However, you must also search for outside, independent reputation information about the website when ranking Page Quality. Trust reliable external sources when the website claims one thing and reputable external sources say something different.”

Although Google’s search quality raters have no direct influence over the algorithms or rankings. Their feedback is taken into account when the company plans future algorithm updates, and addressing your reputation will increase the likelihood that users will trust your site and its content.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

More and more sites are demonstrating their knowledge as E-A-T becomes more of a requirement to rank highly in specific verticals. Because of the increased competition. Ray believes that “the more you can do to show your users why you should be trusted. The more signals you can put to the page, the better your site will perform.”

Diet Doctor clearly shows who the author is, who the piece of content was evaluated by, and when the article was last updated in the example Ray presented (seen above). The site also employs pop-up citations after each claim-containing text.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

Whether you’re trying to recover from a core change or just futureproof your content. Keep in mind that the benefits of your optimizations may take some time to see. “Anyone hoping for shortcuts to this process will be disappointed to learn that there are none. Because this is extremely difficult work,” says the author.“Search engines might take a long time to process these changes,” Ray explained. So you might not see the consequences of your work until the next core update, or even the core update after that.”

However, the rewards of increasing your organic visibility and building more trust with consumers may be well worth the effort. The strategies you put in place to improve your E-A-T can also be utilized to improve your visibility in other areas. “It’s not just Google search; they’re focusing on E-A-T in so many various areas of Google,” Ray explained. “So the same techniques you’re doing to rank in organic search. Think about that for YouTube, think about that for your photos, and so on.”

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via IFTTT

#IFTTT #Soft Trending

0 notes

softtrending02 · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Improve your site architecture.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via softtrending

#softtrending #Soft Trending

0 notes

softtrending · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Improve your site architecture.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via softtrending

#softtrending #Soft Trending

0 notes

softtrending04 · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Improve your site architecture.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via softtrending

#softtrending #Soft Trending

0 notes

softtrending07 · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Improve your site architecture.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via softtrending

#softtrending #Soft Trending

0 notes

softtrending01 · 3 years

Text

Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility

Amusive Digital’s Lily Ray discusses the prevalent trends among core update losers. As well as the strategies she does help her clients improve their E-A-T.

Practices that can hurt your E-A-T

While you may not be writing materials that contradict science. Low E-A-T content can be found across all industries. A handful of the characteristics of such content are listed below.

Omitting attribution and evidence.

Thin content, duplicate content, and doorway pages.

Generalist content.

While creating a range of material on many topics may help you appeal to a wider audience. It’s probable that you’re not expressing a high level of experience or authority in any of them.

Unmoderated UGC.

User-generated content (UGC) can be beneficial to your SEO. But it can also harm your E-A-T and ranks if left unchecked.

Undisclosed affiliate links.

Affiliate links help certain businesses make cash that supports their content, and they can keep doing so without jeopardizing their E-A-T by declaring the nature of these relationships.

Ways to convey more expertise, authority, and trustworthiness

There are several ways to show search engines and viewers that your material is well researched, accurate, and that your brand can be trusted. In addition to avoiding the tactics outlined above.

Update, remove, redirect or consolidate your content.

Marketers might get so caught up in developing fresh content that they forget that quantity isn’t always better than quality.

Improve your site architecture.

Manage your brand’s reputation.

Find ways to increase transparency and trust.

Expertise isn’t built overnight and neither is E-A-T

The post Demonstrating E-A-T: Tactics to Use and Avoid in Order to Improve Search Visibility appeared first on Soft Trending.

from Soft Trending https://ift.tt/2TchAXd via softtrending

#softtrending #Soft Trending

0 notes

naturally-katie · 4 years

Text

Active Anxieties (Covid-19)

So there’s a world pandemic (Covid-19), and I am one of the immuno-compromised.

Normally this group consists of elderly individuals (over the age of 65), or those with underlying medical conditions. These are the people most at risk (with the highest reported death rates).

Which creates this sense of “false-immunity” for young people (especially those in their 20′s). Yes, statistically the virus won’t hit as hard.. but it COULD. You are not immune. And your chance of transmitting this virus to someone in the at risk population (or even just continuing to spread the disease itself) is SO dangerous.

So it hurts me to see people not taking these recommendations for self-isolation and social distancing seriously. There’s been enough media attention for people to understand what is at stake. Yet through a self of loneliness (..we are social beings afterall) and SELFISHNESS - some people refuse to listen.

I have friends who refuse to listen.

Now I know all of this would affect me similarly +/- a diagnosis of Mono. I would do my research. I would understand the risks, and do everything in my power not to be a part of the problem. #slowthecurve, so we don’t override our ALREADY OVERRIDDEN healthcare systems.

But it scares me more (or at least gives me some perspective) as to how the “at risk populations are feeling during this pandemic. It’s scary to know that you could, at one point, require critical care. It’s scary to know that at this point - the healthcare system may be so overloaded, they are unable to help you fully. It’s scary to watch the rest of the world live in ignorance (possibly transmitting this virus), while you follow protocols, and just WATCH it all happen.

These are scary and unprecedented times. (I know this has happened historically; ex” Spanish Flu (1918)/Bubonic Plague). But no one has really experienced this during their lifetime. No one has experienced this during the advent of social media, modern medicine, a better developed Public Health system, and modern technology/biotechnology.

We should be doing better than this.

- Meghann. Scares me with her selfish and risky behaviour (having friends over). But it speaks to the need for human connection, and how important it is for DRASTIC measures that affect ALL of us.

- Rob has been great with this self-isolation after travel. But he does still fall into the “higher risk” category, and we live in the same house.

- Keegan; it disappoints me a bit that he was slow on the uptake of recommendations (ex: gym). But so was I. He’s been our designated grocery person (hopefully with proper social distancing).. but there’s still a risk of infection for him given his housing situation, and a risk of infection in the community.

- As for myself; I was slow on the uptake too. I went into work with a sore throat, that later turned out to be Mono. I went out into the community with the same (early on, but still). I went travelling in Australia when some of the early cases were prevalent, and booked a cheap flight during this time.

**All this to say that no one should be BLAMED. We’re all learning this together. But these are scary and unprecedented times. And we need to take every precaution as new information arises.**

0 notes

juniperpublisher-ph · 4 years

Text

Cartographic Principle of the Detection of Blue Stake Hidden Installations in the Tenke Fungurume Mining Cancer in Katanga in The Democratic Republic of the Congo-Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- Juniper Online Journal of Public Health

Abstract

The location, location and mapping of hidden facilities make it possible to avoid the risks of accidents and other nuisances that can cause material and human damage during the various phases of planning and construction of a project. Hence it is important to identify these to solve several problems on a given site. Damaging these buried utilities during construction work; urbanization continues to be one of the major risks for different industries. Currently, it is important to update information on hidden utilities that will serve several scientific disciplines during field work and for successful projects involving excavation, well drilling, exploration drilling, leveling And construction in the field of civil engineering. Bluestake (picketing and marking) processes identify and locate the various hidden utilities such as underground piping, ducting and cable systems, sewers and other installations that can emit a frequency that can be detected during field prospecting . Accordingly, the Blue stake processes are based on the geophysical prospecting method, see the electromagnetic approach using an apparatus consisting of a transmitter, a receiver, electrodes, the ground rod and the electromagnetic field clamp which Of the searched utility sends a detectable frequency and then locates it for mapping.

Keywords: Brucellosis; Community awareness; Goats; Guji; Risky groups; Sero-prevalence

Go to

Introduction

Presentation

This Blue Stake method is applied in the concession of the mining company Tenke Fungurume, which is located in the province of Lualaba ex Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo about 195 Km northwest of the city province of Lubumbashi . This procedure applies not only to the mining concession but also to all operational areas of Tenke Fungurume Mining in the rest of the country (Figure 1).

Problem

The Democratic Republic of the Congo has a number of public services and companies working in various fields such as hydroelectric networks, water and sewerage networks,urbanization services and other areas of civil engineering such as road network construction , dam, earthwork, laying and then other works in geological fields such as drilling and prospecting wells, geo-mechanical survey. Some of the Congolese State’s public services do not have reliable information and detailed maps of hidden underground installations in different sectors where work and various developments are evolving; where there is a risk of accidents which could damage equipment, personnel and the environment if these different installations such as electrical cables, pipes for water supply, telecommunication installations and various cavities on-site do not properly locate, map, identify and mark before performing the different types of work on a given site.

Objective

The objective is to identify research and mark the utilities to meet and then inform and prevent the risks of injuries and various types of accidents that can damage the environment, the ecosystem, or harm human life or cause property damage during excavation and penetration into buildings and land surfaces. As a result, we prepare maps to represent, diagram and locate the various buried installations and of which we do not possess any information. So we have to keep the diagrams, the maps, concern the buried or hidden utilities, and update their schemas if new information is available.

Go to

Principle And Regulation Of The Blue Stake Method (Piquetage-Marquage)

This procedure is applied when we have to penetrate a surface of more than 2.5Cm, excavate, drill, level, dig. During the various inspections of the work on the ground, we must thoroughly inspect the work area concerned by identifying, and marking the various installations located by means of suitable color paint, a drape, a picket or other marking such as lime, cement or ribbon. Thus, localized or detected installations are coded by the following colors: Red: Electric, Yellow: Gas, hydrocarbons, Orange: Communication cable, Blue: Water system, Green: Sanitary sewer systems, drains, sewers, piping Pulp, Purple: Process water from solvent extraction or electrolysis, White: Aeration system. Any field inspection prior to commencement of work such as drilling, drilling platform preparation, excavation, leveling and other civil engineering work must be done at least 48 hours or more before; in order to allow a good identification and elaboration of the detailed maps which can allow the location of the hidden installations on a given site.

Go to

Technology and Methodology for Detection of Entering Networks

Detection by destructive techniques

We mean by destructive technique, any method of sounding which rests on a mechanical and / or manual earthwork, in order to look for the structures not to hang when working nearby, while maintaining their operation [1]. There are two types of digging techniques:

Mechanics: generally deployed during the first tens of centimeters where we are assured of the non-existence of the risk of damage to the structure.

Soft: used when approaching the work on the last tens of centimeters of excavation. They are often established by hand, or by means of a vacuum truck.

During earthworks, the excavation techniques must be adapted according to the nature of the soil and the depths indicated by the network operator. Sometimes the layout of a network does not really correspond to the reality of the terrain, for example when we see that a structure passes at the edge of a tree because we know beforehand that this is not possible. Indeed, the regulation of the roadway provides a radius of 2m from the center of the tree, where no network must pass. In this case, it is necessary to begin by digging the mechanical shovel up to a certain depth (45cm for example), then it is necessary to continue digging with soft techniques. The purpose of the use of intrusive techniques is to expose all the networks entering the work area in order to gain visibility on the position of the structure and also to know precisely its construction material, its outside diameter, its protective coating, and its geometrical characteristics. We can also see singular points such as changes in direction and slope, as well as cut-off organs and their accesses [2].

According to the methodology in this Blue stake procedure (Picketing - Marking) All new underground equipment must have a demarcation wire as well as appropriate safety ribbons buried with the line of material during installation. Thus, gas lines, communication lines, plumbing as well as optical fibers, electrical installations such as low voltage cables must be buried in the ground to a depth of 70cm and then covered with a layer of washed sand, or other fine material approved at least 30cm above the utility lays and then a suitable safety tape with an indication. The medium and high voltage electrical cables must be placed at a depth of 1.20m to 1.50m covered with red dyed concrete and an indication tape located 15cm or 20cm above concrete and then placed at ground level with the naked eye, a plate marked with a sign of visible danger (Figures 2 & 3).

Go to

Detection by non-destructive techniques

At present, there is no non-destructive method which ensures 100% detection of all types of structures, which is why it is necessary to study the different techniques and adapt them to the other types of networks and to the environmental conditions of the project area.

Principle

This non-destructive technique relies on the detection of electromagnetic waves which diffuse in a current-conducting network. The latter can be an electricity or telephone network, but also a pipeline whose construction material allows the current to be transported. This is the case for water, sewerage or gas works that are made of copper, lead or steel. In addition, some networks are not conductive in nature, but they are sometimes installed with Plynox current conductor cables (cable or tracer wire) which allow detection. This is the case for some fiber optic networks. Three methods of electromagnetic detection are used depending on the nature of the networks to be detected, the possibility of access to the network, the presence or not of the flush and the purpose of the detection (avoidance of damage or provision of network mapping: will be detailed in the Principle and use of detection equipment which will be seen below).

Go to

Geophysical Appearance of the Blue Stake Method (Piquetage-Marquage)

The Magnetic Prospecting

Prospecting by artificial or natural electromagnetic fields (EM), generated by currents varying in time, is called electromagnetic prospecting [3-6]. Note that electromagnetic techniques are interesting, even when it is a matter of rapid recognition, a “detection” or the simple discovery of areas of anomalies, quantitative interpretation in several dimensions (2D, 3D) can become very complicated and; is far from “intuitive”. On the other hand, they have a crippling defect: their depth of investigation is limited, the more limited as the frequency of the electromagnetic field is higher. Electromagnetic prospecting equipment is used for a wide variety of conductors, both natural and artificial, such as conductor’s in situ rock (graphite, massive sulphide, shear zones), artificial conductors (electric lines, pipes, metal tanks and pipes, railway tracks ...).

The Concept of Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material or a solution to let the electric charges move freely, thus allowing the passage of an electric current. Physical Principle: Electrical conductivity is the inverse of resistivity. It corresponds to the conductance of a portion of material 1 m in length and 1 m 2 in cross-section. Some of the best drivers include:

Metals (such as silver, copper, gold or aluminum) for which charge carriers are “free electrons”.

Solutions of electrolytes (having ions in solution). For these, the conductivity value depends on the nature of the ions present in the solution and their concentrations. The conductivity of a solution can be measured using a conductivity meter. Some materials such as semiconductors have a conductivity that depends on other physical conditions, such as temperature or exposure to light, etc. These properties are increasingly used to produce sensors.

The Concept of Electromagnetic Induction

In variable regime, electric field and magnetic field are closely related, and even literally in dissociable. It is from this that comes the name of electromagnetism. A variable magnetic field generates an electric field: in this consists the electromagnetic induction of Faraday. In a conductor, an electric field creates a current, which creates a magnetic field; it is the law of Ampere. The EM prospecting method involves simultaneously three distinct physical processes, namely:

The first consists in the production of a primary magnetic field which varies with time;

The second is the birth of induced currents (eddy currents) in all the conductors on which this primary field acts;

The latter is the detection of these conductors by the measurement of the secondary magnetic fields created by the eddy currents.

The amplitude of currents induced in a conductive body depends on several factors, roughly equivalent, which are: the electrical properties of the conductor; the dimensions and shape of the conductor; the frequency of the primary field; the location of the driver in relation to geophysical instruments

With regard to the Blue stake method, the detectors used apply the principles and methods of geophysical prospecting based on the localization of electromagnetic field induced on different utilities sought on the ground. The different frequencies transmitted by the utilities are picked up (detected) by means of a transmitter and a receiver. Using a GPS, the data are collected and then processed to obtain a map representing different anomalies of the conductors buried in the ground and of which we have no information in a given sector.

Go to

Materials Used in the Blue Stak Method (Pike- Marking)

VLOCPR02

Is an electromagnetic current detector composed of a transmitter and a receiver. The latter acts as a current generator whose power and frequency are modulable. A control screen indicates the various variables which are listed in the table below (Figures 4 & 5).

Presentation and description of receiver

The receiver is as shown below. The tube is made of carbon fiber which makes it resistant and lightweight. In the diagram you can see the different information provided by the main screen: The compass indicates the direction of the search utilities (i.e galvanized cables or pipes); the color changes to blue when the direction is parallel to it (Figures 6 & 7). The arrows help to point to this one while the gauge gives a maximum (or a minimum depending on the mode used) to plumb the utility finds. Also, the detected frequency and a depth gauge (within 10 cm) are shown. Simply press the “i” key to get the depth to the nearest centimeter (in the display, we are not talking here about accuracy) and the intensity of the signal in Ampere. After having connected the transmitter to the network according to the different cases that will be seen below, the measurement in the field is done as follows:

Briefly locate the utilities by scanning from right to left, keeping the detector perpendicular to the ground,

Orient the receiver with the compass (blue light when in the axis),

Check the direction of the utilities by turning the receiver at 90 degrees, the signal must be minimum since it is oriented perpendicularly,

Once the position and direction are established, the base of the detector must be placed on the ground and

“I” to display (“+” to record) current and depth. The detector has an internal memory for recording.

Note that the depth measured is the distance from the base of the receiver (at ground level) to the axis of the pipeline either of the cable or pipe. Thus for networks whose diameter is not negligible, it will be necessary to subtract the length of the radius to have the exact depth of the top generatrix of the network. Attention, in certain cases, the diameter supplied is the nominal diameter, which differs from the outside diameter for some pipes (steel, for example). Always use the outside diameter to calculate the exact depth (Figure 8). Particular attention should be paid when locating in areas with elbows or perpendicular fittings as depth measurements may be imprecise due to distortion of electromagnetic fields. This constraint is very important and obliges us to always be vigilant and to take a critical look at the results obtained (Figure 9).

sebakmt5000: vibratory acoustic impulse detector

Unlike electromagnetic detection, acoustic detection is another non-destructive technique used to detect non-metallic networks. It is currently one of the most relevant methods for identifying plastic structures and connections. This detection technique relies on the injection of pulses by the generator before they are picked up by a receiver at ground level. There are two methods of signal injection:-Injection of pulses on the pipe: fixed on the plumb of the structure by a flange, the generator sends vibrations that are received by an accelerometer. This method is frequently used for water pipes. It has the advantage of not causing the cut of service to the customer. Injection of pulsations on the fluid contained in the pipe: complicated for the implementation, this method often provokes the presence of a representative of the concessionaire of the network, as well as the cut of the service, ensured by the work to the customers, because direct fluid access is required. We can sometimes avoid the interruption of the service by a connection on the “pressure” socket in the box.

Detection of buried networks at 20 cm and generally suitable for non-conductive pipes, this method of detection contains several disadvantages: -No indication of depth of detection: it is therefore not adapted to the mapping of buried networks; Ineffectiveness of detection in the presence of a vegetable ground or under a concrete pavement (field not properly compacted); signal noise in the presence of dense traffic in the vicinity, a sheath or other obstacles above or nearby; difficulty in locating short connections; risk of damaging certain pipes by the injected pulsations. Owing to these disadvantages, this method is increasingly abandoned and replaced by electromagnetic detection and georadar techniques. The following is an example of an acoustic detector [1] (Figures 10 & 11).

Go to

Experimentation and work on land

In this study we use the VIVAX METROTECH vLocPro2 series detector equipped with a transmitter (transmitter), receiver, electromagnetic field clamp (clamp), earth rod, cables and a GPS. Note that the receiver has a compass as a guide, indication and orientation. The transmitter produces an electromagnetic field which is recorded and then picked up by the receiver in the form of the different investigative frequencies during prospecting operations, either in wide mesh and tight on site. These frequencies can be changed depending on the driver located on the ground. The VLocPro2 series detector is a unit that provides radar (radar) functions at several search frequencies. There are two modes of signal detection of the desired installations:

Passive mode or power

only the receiver is used and allows a simple and fast location of most underground networks. This mode is efficient in wide mesh during the general recognition of the various drivers on ground having a large area. Here the network itself emits a wave whose frequency is known, it is the case of some electrical networks; the detector receives this frequency and allows the identification of the utilities induced by this frequency (photo 8). Note that the passive mode is subdivided into:

50Hz mode: which picks up signals at 50Hz come from the under voltage electric cables

And on the metallic networks induced by these cables.

Radio mode: which receives detectable radio signals come from high power transmitters. Radio signals will be used to locate most conductive networks of more than 50 linear meters and of telecommunication cables in burrows and other ground wires for the protection of lightning sensitive equipment.

Cathode Protection Signal Mode (CSP): Allows the receiver to locate the 100Hz frequency generated by a Cathodic protection current generator (Figure 12).

Active mode or active detection

This mode is used when the magnetic field is too weak. A current of a given frequency is circulated in the conduit or the wire rope which is transformed into an antenna, so that from the surface the direction is followed by an indicator compass located on the receiver of the detector. We use simultaneously the receiver and its transmitter which allows to generate a frequency on the sought-after utilities in order to locate and identify these with much more precision and then obtain the information on the depth of the utilities that we seek. Note that this mode is used in reduced mesh in addition the sought conductors must be visible to allow to connect the different accessories of the detector in ground. Thus, this technique is deployed with the use of a current transmitter whose frequency of the signal transmitted must be the same as that of the receiver. This mode has several availabilities for field detection, namely:

Indirect or inductive transmission mode

This mode is used when the contact with the conductive network to be detected is not possible to establish a direct connection. To establish the transmission, we position the transmitter on the surface of the ground in line with the structure so that it can induce a positioning frequency. Moreover, the establishment of the issuer is carried vertically network tracing or geo referencing, referring to the plans from the response to visible utilities field. Nevertheless, this method has technical limitations such as the risk of confusion during the transmission of the signal which is broadcast on the conducting networks close to the detected structure. This can greatly influence the accuracy of plan metric measurements and depth accuracy.Thus, this mode is sometimes used to carry out the layout of underground conductive networks because of its speed of execution of the non-necessity of connecting the transmitter to the network. Nevertheless, it is formally discouraged to use it for geo referencing services, as it is the least accurate mode of transmission (Figure 13).

Connection in direct mode

This mode is used when we have the possibility of access to a conductive part and not protected by an isolation of the network, we connect the transmitter with clamps to the electrodes connected to it by connecting cords and cables. The first cable is connected to the desired conductor and then the second to a ground point with a rod driven into the ground. Thus, the transmitter supplies electrical energy to the desired line or network. The transmitter and receiver must be set to the same frequencies during field searches, and using the compass we can follow the precise orientation of the desired utility. Here the frequencies we had used a frequency between, 8 kHz, and 512Hz. Note that the security measures are very strict, do not connect equipment without the permission of those who manage the research network or on a cable more than 35V. Its combination with high power and low frequency contributes significantly to the realization of greater electromagnetic detection distances. In addition, the transmitter is protected from parasitic currents around it. This makes it possible to obtain the best results, even in the presence of a large underground dense area in buried networks (Figure 14).

The Magnetic Field Clamp (Clamp mode)

The magnetic field clamp allows the signal from the transmitter to be injected into the utility in use. This signal is picked up by the receiver, following the compass the orientation of the utility sought will be easier to trace. Note that the clamp must be well enclosed around the utility. Note that the search utility is visible and accessible to place the clamp with a specific frequency between 8kHz and 200Hz. Moreover, the current emitter allows selection only of a frequency adapted to the clamp. It does not generate any connection to the earth and is particularly useful for detecting power networks. This mode considerably reduces the risk of confusion between conductive networks that are too close. Thus, it allows a more precise detection than that which is guaranteed by the mode of transmission by induction (Figure 15).

Go to

Results of Field Research

In this section, we will present some fieldwork in inductive and passive mode when localization of a pipe of water pipe and electrical cables buried underground. Note that there are several cases but we will illustrate some more general examples.

Case of a Galvanized Pipe

Working in active mode: These data (a and b) were taken using the electromagnetic field clamp (Clamp mode)

a) The transmitter is set at a frequency of 32.8 kHz, by injecting the 100 mA current into the ground (Figure 16).

b) The transmitter is set at a frequency of 65.5 kHz, by injecting the 100 mA current into the ground (Figure 17).

c) The transmitter and its receiver are set to the same frequency (Figure 18).

d) The transmitter is set at a frequency of 32.8 kHz

e) The transmitter is set at a frequency of 65.5 kHz

f) Working in active armature mode: without direct connection

During field work, the receiver and its transmitter are set at the same frequency; For example, in 32kHz mode, in this mode the transmitter is not connected to the utility sought by any connection. The emitter generates an induced electromagnetic field which translates into the waves that enroll the desired utility; the receiver picks up these waves, which appear on the screen as electrical energy in milliampere. Thanks to the compass we can follow the direction of a pipeline or different utilities sought (Table 1).

Case of an Electric Cable

In this case, we had set up the receiver and the transmitter at a frequency of 32 kHz during field reconnaissance, that is, in active armature mode. For safety reasons the equipment used must not be connected to live electrical cables. To establish the transmission, we position the transmitter on the surface of the ground in line with the structure so that it can induce a positioning frequency (Figure 19).

Go to

Cartography of Utilities Obtained

The coordinates of the different utilities sought were obtained thanks to a GPS, in consequence the treatments of these last were made using software GIS and Autocard. Note in this framework we will illustrate the map obtained by the autocard sector software of our field research. These utilities are located at a depth that is not constant. In general, the depth of investigation varies between 0.30Cm and 1.50m depending on whether it is an electrical installation (cable) or a piping installation (Figures 20 & 21). The coordinates taken were put in an Excel file during their processing on autocard but converted into CSV file during processing and digitization on GIS. Note that the map shown below was realized by the drawing software Autocard (Figure 22).

Go to

Recommendation

After the time spent on our research and prospecting on the ground and view the need and importance of this method Blue stake (picketing-marking) hidden utilities of which we have no information in the screen; we recommend to the administrative and administrative authorities of the Congolese State to be able to provide the Republic with laws and norms that can enable the different services of the state such as cadastre, urban planning and civil engineering services and all those working in the fields roads and other construction sites and to individuals see other power companies is inspired and put into practice the standards of this method of Blue stake (picketing-marking) in order to avoid and prevent accidents in their yards or damaging existing utilities that can cause material loss or workers’ lives on the ground or deprive several people or residents of a neighborhood without electrical energy or water after damaging the utilities (photo14). Lack of detailed plans and maps of various utilities can cause very serious damage during excavations, f and drilling on the ground from which the prevention of these various dangers is necessary. Thus the Congolese State or other bodies, or even individuals, could use this Blue stake approach for development projects and urban planning in different societies in order to perform the various tasks safely according to the principles and standards in the framework for environmental protection and sustainable development. Our wish in this area of research and projection in the future; is to extend this method to obtain maps and detailed plans of several sectors which can be consulted by different public services of the state or by private individuals with the major aim of not damaging the utilities meetings and then to update them in cases of excavation discovery and penetration at various sites and sites in accordance with the appropriate safety principles and standards (Figure 23).

Go to

Conclusion

The Blue Stage method, which is a process of identifying, marking, and mapping buried (hidden) facilities, enabled us to work with reduced wire mesh to precisely locate electrical cables and pipe sector of our research in the city of Fungurume in the province located in the vicinity of the national road N ° 39 to the NW of the city of Lubumbashi. During fieldwork, electromagnetic prospecting in active mode where the direct connection of the electromagnetic field clamp connected to the transmitter and around the equipment sought and / or the electrodes connected on the one hand to the ground on the ground, using a ground rod and the other on the utility sought gives much more detail regarding the location, direction and depth of galvanized pipe located in our research explained above. Our finding is that the current injected into the ground from the emitter expressed in milliampere; records a resistivity which decreases as a function of the distance traveled on ground; in other words, the closer you are to the transmitter source (the transmitter), the stronger the signal, the farther away from the source the resistivity decreases, therefore the location and identification of the desired utility becomes more and more more difficult.

The histograms and curves shown above interpret the way in which the required utilities (galvanized electrical cables and pipes) perform during the geophysical prospecting work on an electromagnetic field approach with respect to active mode in direct connection using either the electromagnetic field clamp, or the electrodes pushed into the ground and connected to the equipment (the Vloc Pro2 detector). Let us note that in this case we work in a reduced mesh for more precision on ground. The same applies when working in active armature mode where the transmitter is not connected to any utility (cable, hose) searched on ground. The passive mode is used for general recognition in wide mesh, allowing us to locate different signals that are considered anomaly during field prospecting.

It should be noted that acoustic detection by Hydrolux5000H2 and its acoustic generator PWG / 2-Fast require good attention and hearing when working on terrain; the very sensitive input equipment even registers the surrounding parasites, which can lead to a misinterpretation of the results and therefore be misled.The representation on the map of the utilities by different colors can be explained according to the code which governs this method as seen above in order to distinguish the networks from the electric cables, those of the pipes or the like. It should be noted that the detection of these hidden utilities was carried out on clayey, sandy and talcous soil, as well as on the siliceous and dolomitic shales characterizing the series of mines located in our research area.

For more articles in Juniper Online Journal of Public Health please click on https://juniperpublishers.com/jojph/index.php

For more Journals in Juniper Publishers

please click on https://juniperpublishers.com/index.php

To know more details regarding our Juniper publishers please click on

https://juniperpublishers.business.site/

#public health #juniper publishers journals #health journals

0 notes