#kokontent

[badasssueme]

The Black Carrie Bradshaw 💙🥶 Big Ko Turns Thirty

#capricorn #talkthirtytome #Chicago #fashionblogger #blackgirlsrock #lifestyleblogger #kokontent #blackgirlmagic #carrie bradshaw #sex and the city #big KO

[brooklynfoodie]

Watch "Cook With Me: Kokonte, a delicious delicacy from Ghana |Jiji, abete3, face the wall" on YouTube

#kokonte #Youtube

[ausetkmt]

AFANG - Tripe Stew from West Africa

Without any iota of doubt, soups are a big part of the African cuisine, in fact, it is wise to say that African soups are the main attraction of cuisine in the continent.

African soups can be made with a combination of vegetables and ingredients that are native to the countries where they are most eaten.

Very many African soups are usually eaten with other food staples such as rice, fufu, banku, sadza, garri, pounded yam, and so on.

Below are some of our favorite soups from different African countries.

1. Okra soup

Okra soup is a popular west African dish with okra as its main ingredient. Although this deliciously slimy dish can be cooked with the local palm oil, it is also a good choice for people who are wary of adding oil to their soups.

2. Abenkwan

Abenkwan is a Ghanaian soup made from the nuts of the palm tree. The pulp is extracted from the palm fruits and cooked in combination with spices and preferred meat of choice.

Abenkwan has an earthy flavor thanks to the addition of the palm fruit pulp (which is different from the palm oil). Serve warm with rice balls or Kokonte and you will be satisfied to the moons and back.

3. Muriwo na Nyama

Muriwo na nyama is also known as leafy-beefy or high fields stew. It is native to Zimbabwe, highly nutritious and cn be eaten with sadza.

4. Pepper soup

Pepper soup is a spicy African soup that will make your taste buds tingle with excitement. The soup is gotten from the stock of the meat or fish used. It is also spiced with local ingredients, giving it a tantalizing aroma and taste that will make you hungry even if you just had dinner.

For the best experience, have your pepper soup hot–not scalding hot of course– and thank us later.

5. Agushie/Egusi soup

Agushie (Ghana)/Egusi(Nigeria) is a delicious soup cooked with shelled melon seeds. The method of preparation might differ across the different regions in which this soup is eaten but it ultimately includes the addition of leafy greens, seasoning and palm oil. In Nigeria, its best served with freshly pounded yam.

6. Domoda

Domoda is the Gambia’s national dish, second only to Yassa. It is a yummy soup cooked with unsweetened peanut butter. It might also contain sweet potatoes. Domoda is better enjoyed with rice.

7. Afang

Afang is a delightful and satisfying soup from southern Nigeria. It is similar to the eru soup in Cameroon. They both make use of the afang/okazi leaves. However, the afang leaves are pounded and used in addition to water leaf. Afang soup is rich in deliciousness and best served hot with fufu and lots of meat.

8. Ndole

Ndole is another leafy vegetable soup with its home in Cameroon. It is often considered the national dish of the central African country. It’s a creamy and nutritious soup cooked with pureed peanuts and bitter leaf.

9. Afia efere/Ofe nsala

In the Nigerian local languages of Annang and Igbo, afia efere and ofe nsala respectively mean ‘white soup’ in English. Technically, this mouth-watering spicy soup should be called ‘brown soup’ but where’s the fun in that? It is apparently called ‘white’ for the lack of palm oil use.

10. Ewedu Soup

Ewedu is a Nigerian soup which is popular among the Yorubas. It’s a leafy vegetable soup but unlike other African soups, the greens (jute leaves) are pureed and cooked with nothing more than salt, locust beans and often potash.

It is usually served in addition to peppered stews (as pictured above) or gbegiri (beans soup). Yorubas love to eat this with amala, a starchy swallow made from yam peels and sometimes plantains.

#west african food #cooking #african food #stews #soups #main dish #african #Top 10 Delicious African Soups That Will Make You Salivate And Where They Are Best Made

[an-tarctica]

Kokont ve vanilya kokusundan vazgecemiyorum simdi 2 tane black opium sıktım ustume biri daha ciceksi oteki kokonat kokulu ve daha yogun sanirim 2. Olani alicam...

[soldieringforward]

Long post ahead.

Introduction. Helloooo sa kokonting nakakabasa nito minsan haha so ayun last 20 days before submission ng thesis manuscript, and 32 days before final defense, I think effective talaga magsulat ng thesis pag malapit na yung deadline lol and maraming maraming data naman na raw ako so need na lang talaga icompile and all hahaha excited na rin ako for Sept 2022 graduation and family trip haha and since effective vent-out place ko tong Tumblr (since mahirap sundan kung ittweet lahat tsaka magulo haha), ipurge ko muna tong recent whirlwind of thoughts dito

Graduation Anxiety. So ayun graduation season, AND last two months na ng stipend ko! And I think psychologically threatened ako with the thought na patapos na current scholarship kasi graduation naaaa kahit objectively, I am still ~10 months away from zero finances assuming walang inflow, and I know need na ulit ng next scholarship na aapplyan this July and August, kasabay ng admission for PhD, pero di ko mapigilan mag-isip na gustong gusto ko na magwork, parang nakabase ang worth ko sa WORK talaga with SALARY huhu I find myself scrolling lagi sa linkedin, jobstreet, etc. etc. for possible part-time jobs na pwedeng online/remote, na based sa PH (kase Japanese skills ko di pa strong huhu so mahirap if dito ako maghahanap agad) and thinking na 30 y/o na ako pag PhD graduation na, andyan lagi yung worries na parang unemployable na ako (in the industry) at that age kase puro aral ako huhu

Mix-up. Scrolling sa mga job sites, natrigger ako since last week na parang andami kong gustong gawin huhu or kase parang unconsciously, iniisip ko na dapat i-fit ko yung credentials at skillset ko sa kung anong nakikita kong available postings, WHICH is hindi dapat! Kasi bat ako nasstress na hindi ako marunong magcode at programming (weakness ever since and traumatic talaga since undergrad tong programming ugh), e nakatingin kase ako sa DAMI ng IT and comsci jobs, na in reality hindi naman talaga para sakin, ty sa kapatid ko sa pagtulong marealize neto ahahaha kasi same thought naman if puro med-related or media-related or etc etc na hindi ko naman talaga field. Or baka kase sa dami ng IT job postings tas nacocompare ko sweldo nila na matataas dito sa Japan, pero anyways ayun, Conclusion is, know where to look talaga, and may job portals naman dito for spefically research/academe job postings (and pwede English language yey!) tsaka yung specific companies talaga na direct hiring websites so ayun matagal pa naman, kasi PhD ko 2022-2025, tas magstart ako legit job hunting by Spring 2024 (kase 1 yr usually application process ng job hunting and job matching etc.) pero yung thoughts talagaaaaa natitrigger nitong thesis defense / graduation season hahaha

Personal Project/s. Which leads to my next point, na parang andami kong gustong gawin, such as the following:

1. Make a YouTube channel. ANDAMI KONG MATERIALS, for math, chem, ChE, NMAT chem etc., na multiple times ko naman na napresent, so sabi ng kapatid ko, why not make it long-term and permanent sa YouTube ganun, para di napapagod boses ko kakalecture every time, and I think evergreen din naman yung content so good idea. Pero yung discipline ko talaga to allot time gumawa ng content huhu iba rin yung feeling na walang kausap habang nagrerecord etc pero sabi ko, after ng thesis defense, mababalikan ko na dapat to

2. Write a college textbook for PH. Same with #1, pero eto isa sa faint / currently not priority dream siguro pero gusto ko mag-author ng reference textbook for PH :((((( lalo na napansin ko na sa engineering specifically, lahat ng references ay international :(( and marami naman nang ebooks etc pero napansin ko kasi hindi naman nauubos yung buong table of contents pag sa context ng PH syllabus/curriculum huhu so parang gusto ko mag-author ng textbook, like yung first-sem-ng-engineering like chemistry or algebra or calculus na may engineering applications, then make them affordable sa PH engineering students ganun I mean random pastime ko minsan magsulat sa Notes sa phone or sa tissue paper ng table of contents, format and outline ng textbook etc, ayan random excitement thoughts then dadaan na naman thought na hindi ko na naman mapapanindigan or baka wala naman akong karapatan mag-author ganun hahaha pero maganda rin tong personal project kase teaching talaga is my passion / calling jk HAHA ayun

3. Take more part-time / online / remote teaching jobs sa PH. I mean, nakaingrain na yata talaga sakin na security and stability = being part of a company or institution, etc, na hindi ko kaya mag full time free lancing and all kaya siguro nakakatakot yung thought for me na mag-risk to join or create a start-up, or maghanap ng clients for consulting etc. without safety nets. Pero since mukhang patapos na covid and halos pabalik na lahat sa f2f classes next sem, nawawala na rin yung options ko for this pero if meron di ba why not haha nakaready naman lagi yung CV ko, and based sa experience ko last year sa jobstreet, nakuha ko yung dalawang legit regular part-time teaching jobs within 3-4 days both huhu

4. Self-Learning and Online Courses. I know na hindi to profitable and mahirap confidently (and personally) ideclare na I know something if hindi ko naman sya naencounter ‘formally’ either through credited class or in practice, pero as I look through jobs (even yung research and academe jobs), may certain specializations ako na gusto ko sana madevelop, in addition sa 3 yrs research during PhD, pero kase ang hirap na I think mas attractive pa rin sa employers yung years of experience/practice kesa sa years of higher educ :( lalo na for me na super inclined na magtransfer to industry/practice after PhD graduation.

5. Nihongo Study. Haixt eto pa :(( in the long-term, if gusto ko talaga maging permanent dito, inevitable naman na kelangan mag-aral nang malala ng Nihongo, and currently nasa N4-N3 naman na yata yung level ko so magtetake ako ng JLPT N3 sa December 2022. Pero sobrang daunting, mas kinakabahan pa nga ako sa Nihongo skills kesa sa research/teaching/technical skills ko huhu andami dami dami dami dami kong nihongo books dito na di ko pa nababasa huhu sana (and mukha naman) nakatulong yung maraming nihongo classes na tinetake ko for free sa univ, and buti online pa. Pero kasi starting Oct 2022 Fall Semester, balik f2f na rin nihongo classes :(( which means nasa Tokyo na ulit yung class, e nasa Ibaraki ako, so no more formal nihongo classes na ulit sakin :(( good luck sa discipline magself study ng nihongo lalo na if I want to become N2 and N1 soon :((((( pag tumitingin kase ako sa japanese industry job postings, common na nakalagay yung required level ng Japanese language proficiency (kase expected na rin nila na may foreigners na nag-apply) and ayun laging Business-level (N2) tsaka Native-level (N1) yung mga nakalagay para sa engineering careers na gusto ko :(( so eto pa kinakatakot ko kase worst case scenario lagi sa thought ko ay umuwi ng PH kase walang makuhang work dito by 2025 :(( pero G na G and super sasaya rin naman ako if babalik ako ng UP or PNRI after PhD huhu pero ang hirap maenjoy yung thought na gagraduate na ng MS and papunta nang PhD kapag naooverwhelm ng thought ng job hunting by 2024 :(( kase di ko pa maimagine na I can ace job interviews while speaking in Japanese kase weakness ko na nga kanji, pati memorization ng new vocab, wala pa huhu

6. Investment. Ayun since never ako naexpose sa business-related upbringing, kahit lagi ko naririnig yang stocks, investment, franchise, etc etc, wala talagang nangyayari, I know na super smart move to as early as possible masimulan, pero wala talaga, I don’t know how or where to start, and di ko rin sure kung masusubaybayan ko to in the long-term, given yung mga priority ko from #1-5 kanina huhu pero haixt sana makabreak in man lang dito kahit papano

7. Hobbies and Health. Gusto ko rin naman maging physically active kahit papano, takbo takbo ganyan HAHAHA pero anuna ampangit ng sleeping habits ko, laging puyat and all, pati eating habits ko, wala sa oras kumain or tinatamad kumain ganun tas no wonder sasakit ulo ko sa hapon ganun pero ayun, gusto ko pa sana magtravel or maglaro ng online games or magluto ng pinoy food (kase sayang naman kitchen utensils and all kase once ko pa lang natry magluto). Gusto ko rin sana magblog etc, magmentor, magconsultancy, magvolunteer, magpart time sa grocery dito as nagrerestock sa shelves ng items, etc huhu pero minsan kapag naiisip ko na hindi ‘profitable’ in monetary terms, parang less ko na ieentertain yung thought na to :(( sana naman makapagset aside ng time to pursue fun hobbies na not necessarily maiisip ko na waste of time or sayang time imbis na kumikita ako ganun :(( pero ayun kaya pa naman sa time yung entertainment like mobile legends, manga/manhwa, tsaka YouTube para sa WWE HAHAHA

So how is life in Japan? BEST. SUPERB. I am beyond thankful sobra :D I have the highest of praises lalo na sa sensei ko and sa university and sa lab namin, more than enough ang provided resources, conducive environment, and all! Talagang pagdevote ko na lang ng time and focus and kelangan, from time to time andyan pa rin anxiety to try a new equipment or machine or do a certain experiment, pero looking back 2021 until now, sobrang comfortable ko naman na sa most equipment, need ko lang ikeep in mind na matututunan ko rin lahat ng kelangan for research along the way hehe and super thank you rin sa scholarship kasi super comfortable naman ng life ko dito as a student, di rin naman ako gipit na gipit na nagtitipid and hindi naman ako magastos relatively, so nakakaipon talaga huhu ang hirap naman na parang andaming options pero di ko alam ano dapat ipursue, tas di ko pa maconsider sarili ko as financially stable kase nga di pa ako employed dito hay :((

Ayun, parang ang tanda ko na to still have these thoughts ng uncertainties and dilemmas hahaha parang minsan mas ok isipin na makapagsettle in life, build a house and start a family ganun, yung usual traditional life track and hindi distracted ng ganitong aspirations pero ewan haha to each his own talaga

One good realization ko na lang din ay: March 2019, wala pa lahat ng thoughts na to, considered ko as super impossible dream na makapag-aral sa The University of Tokyo, but still, kinaya mag entrance exam habang lockdown sa PH, kinaya mabuhay sa savings for ilang months habang sarado pa ang Japan at Zoom classes pa lahat, kinaya naman yung random episodes ng homesickness and anxiety about job hunting, and now malapit na sa finish line ng MS hehehe if ibang-iba ang life 3 years ago, I hope and believe na mas gaganda and mas malinaw siguro ang plans and career and skills ko (lalo na’t andito ako sa Japan) in 3 years :) ganbatte!!!

[adalidda]

Conseils pour l'exportation de produits agricoles vers l'Union européenne, les États-Unis, le Canada et le Japon

L'Union européenne, les États-Unis, le Canada et le Japon sont des marchés prometteurs pour les exportateurs de produits agricoles des pays en développement. Ces régions ont des accords de préférences commerciaux qui permettent des importations en franchise de droits ou à faible droit de certains pays en développement. Cependant, les exigences en matière de qualité et de traçabilité des produits agricoles sont élevées. Cette article donne des conseils aux entreprises agroalimentaires des pays en développement pour exporter avec succès leurs produits agricoles vers ces marchés.

Mes conseils

Assurance qualité Mettez en œuvre des mesures de contrôle de la qualité rigoureuses pour garantir que les produits répondent aux normes de qualité élevées requises par ces marchés. Cela pourrait impliquer d'investir dans des techniques et des technologies agricoles modernes. Voici quelques études de cas détaillées et des expériences acquises sur l'assurance qualité pour certains produits agricoles :

Soja Une étude sur la chaîne d'approvisionnement du soja dans l'État du Pará, au Brésil, a utilisé l'analyse du cycle de vie pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux associés à la production de soja. L'étude a souligné l'importance de transactions commerciales efficaces et du suivi du soja pour l'assurance qualité. Une autre ressource, le « Manuel d'analyses de la qualité du soja pour les produits du soja dans l'industrie de l'alimentation animale », fournit des informations à jour, fiables et faciles à rechercher aux laboratoires de contrôle de la qualité, aux universités, aux centres de recherche, aux nutritionnistes animaux et humains, aux négociants en soja et aux organisations et individus intéressés par l'analyse de la qualité des produits du soja.

Sorgho Une étude sur la production mondiale de sorgho a analysé l'état actuel de la production de sorgho, les tendances et les facteurs qui contrôlent le rendement du sorgho en utilisant des approches empiriques. L'étude a souligné l'importance d'une utilisation adéquate des engrais et de l'adoption de technologies, d'une gestion efficace et de meilleures pratiques agronomiques pour augmenter le rendement du sorgho et assurer sa durabilité dans un climat plus chaud. Une autre étude sur l'amélioration du sorgho pluvial en Inde sur trois décennies a évalué l'efficacité des réalisations passées en matière de potentiel de rendement génétique pour faciliter l'amélioration génétique future. L'étude a révélé que les variétés de sorgho issues de fonds génétiques divers, tels que les variétés locales, et tolérantes aux ravageurs et aux maladies avaient une performance de rendement stable. Manioc Une étude de cas sur la réingénierie de séchoirs instantanés à petite échelle pour la transformation du manioc au Costa Rica a discuté de l'importance de la traçabilité dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement du manioc. L'étude a souligné que l'identification précise des variétés de manioc cultivées par les agriculteurs permettra d'améliorer sa gestion et sa production et de faciliter le suivi et le remplacement de certaines variétés. Une autre étude de cas impliquant deux industries alimentaires au Ghana a développé un système d'assurance qualité approprié pour deux aliments de commodité à base de manioc populaires, la farine de fufu et de kokonte. L'étude a établi des points de contrôle critiques avec des limites critiques accompagnées, des procédures de surveillance, des actions correctives, des procédures de vérification, de tenue de registres et de documentation basées sur le principe HACCP.

Ces études de cas mettent en évidence l'importance de l'assurance qualité dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement agricoles et les solutions innovantes utilisées pour l'améliorer. Elles soulignent également les défis à relever pour assurer une assurance qualité efficace.

Traçabilité Mettez en place des systèmes robustes pour suivre le parcours des produits depuis la ferme jusqu'au marché. Cela renforcera la transparence et la confiance avec les importateurs.

Voici quelques études de cas et des expériences acquises sur la traçabilité de certains produits agricoles :

Soja La technologie blockchain a été utilisée pour améliorer la traçabilité dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement du soja. Une étude a proposé une approche qui utilise la blockchain Ethereum et les contrats intelligents pour effectuer efficacement des transactions commerciales pour le suivi et la traçabilité du soja à travers la chaîne d'approvisionnement agricole. Cette solution élimine le besoin d'autorités centralisées de confiance et d'intermédiaires et fournit des enregistrements de transactions, améliorant l'efficacité et la sécurité avec une intégrité, une fiabilité et une sécurité élevées.

Sorgho Une étude sur la production mondiale de sorgho a analysé l'état actuel de la production de sorgho, les tendances et les facteurs qui contrôlent le rendement du sorgho en utilisant des approches empiriques. Surtout en Afrique subsaharienne, cette culture est largement cultivée dans des conditions climatiques défavorables et des niveaux d'intrants sous-optimaux. L'étude a souligné l'importance d'une utilisation adéquate des engrais et de l'adoption de technologies, d'une gestion efficace et de meilleures pratiques agronomiques pour augmenter le rendement du sorgho et assurer sa durabilité dans un climat plus chaud.

Manioc Une étude sur les exportateurs de manioc du Costa Rica a discuté de l'importance de la traçabilité dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement du manioc. Comme l'accent est de plus en plus mis sur la qualité à tous les niveaux et sur la traçabilité et la préservation de l'identité des variétés, l'identification précise des variétés de manioc cultivées par les agriculteurs améliorera sa gestion et sa production et facilitera le suivi et le remplacement de certaines variétés.

Cacao Une série d'études de cas co-développées par IDH, The Sustainable Trade Initiative, le Belgian Initiative Beyond Chocolate Partnership, la Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa (SWISSCO), le Dutch Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (DISCO) et le German Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (GISCO) ont exploré plus en détail comment les entreprises et les organisations de normalisation mettent en œuvre la traçabilité dans leurs opérations. Ces études fournissent des informations précieuses sur le rôle des acteurs spécifiques de la chaîne d'approvisionnement du cacao dans le contexte de la traçabilité.

Ces études de cas mettent en évidence l'importance de la traçabilité dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement agricoles et les solutions innovantes utilisées pour l'améliorer. Elles soulignent également les défis à relever pour assurer une traçabilité efficace.

Tirer parti des accords commerciaux Vous devrez comprendre les spécificités des accords commerciaux que votre pays a avec l'Union européenne, les États-Unis, le Canada et le Japon pour en tirer pleinement parti. Cela peut nécessiter de demander conseil à des experts commerciaux ou à des conseillers juridiques.

Voici des informations sur les accords commerciaux entre l'Union européenne, les États-Unis, le Canada et le Japon avec certains pays en développement :

L’Union européenne et le Cambodge L'UE travaille en étroite collaboration avec le Cambodge dans le cadre de l'accord de coopération UE-ASEAN. Le Cambodge bénéficie du régime Tout sauf les armes de l'Union européenne, qui accorde un accès unilatéral en franchise de droits et sans contingentement pour toutes les exportations, à l'exception des armes et des munitions. En 2022, le commerce total de biens entre l'UE et le Cambodge s'élevait à 6,3 milliards d'euros.

Les États-Unis et le Cambodge Les États-Unis et le Cambodge ont conclu un accord commercial bilatéral (ACB) en 2000. L'ACB offre un forum pour traiter des questions commerciales bilatérales et permet au Cambodge et aux États-Unis de coordonner leurs actions sur les questions régionales et multilatérales.

Le Canada et le Cambodge Le Canada est l'une des principales destinations d'exportation du Cambodge, et le commerce bilatéral de marchandises est passé de 1,8 milliard de dollars en 2021 à 2,4 milliards de dollars en 2022. Le Cambodge bénéficie de l'Initiative d'accès aux marchés du Canada pour les pays les moins avancés, qui permet aux États admissibles d'accéder au marché canadien en franchise de droits et sans contingentement.

Le Japon et Le Cambodge Le Japon et le Cambodge ont un accord de partenariat économique (APE) qui renforce la collaboration économique mutuellement bénéfique entre les deux pays en facilitant des flux plus libres de biens, de services et d'investissements.

L’Union européenne et le Vietnam L'accord de libre-échange UE-Vietnam (ALEV) élimine ou réduit les droits de douane sur de nombreux produits clés tels que l'électronique, les produits alimentaires et les produits pharmaceutiques. Entre 2020 et 2021, le commerce agroalimentaire UE-Vietnam a augmenté de 9 %, atteignant 3,5 milliards d'euros au total.

Le Canada et le Vietnam Le Vietnam est le plus grand partenaire commercial du Canada au sein de l'ASEAN. En 2022, le commerce bilatéral de marchandises entre le Canada et le Vietnam s'élevait à 13,8 milliards de dollars. Le Vietnam bénéficie de l'Accord global et progressif de partenariat transpacifique (PTPGP) qui offre un environnement commercial fondé sur des règles et améliore l'accès au marché pour les exportateurs canadiens.

Le Japon et le Vietnam Le Japon et le Vietnam ont un accord de partenariat économique (APE) qui renforce la collaboration économique mutuellement bénéfique entre les deux pays en facilitant des flux plus libres de biens, de services et d'investissements.

Les États-Unis et le Nigeria En 2021, le commerce bilatéral de biens entre les États-Unis et le Nigeria s'élevait à plus de 7 milliards de dollars. Les exportations américaines vers le Nigeria comprennent le blé, les véhicules, les machines, le kérosène, les huiles lubrifiantes, le carburant pour avions, les avions civils et les matières plastiques.

L’Union européenne et le Nigeria Les accords de partenariat économique (APE) entre l'UE et les pays d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP) visent à soutenir les objectifs d'investissement, d'industrialisation et de diversification de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Cependant, le Nigeria n'a pas signé d'APE en raison de ses préoccupations quant à son impact sur les agriculteurs et les fabricants locaux.

Le Canada et le Nigeria En 2022, le commerce bilatéral de marchandises entre le Canada et le Nigeria s'élevait à 13,8 milliards de dollars.

L’Union européenne (UE) et le Sénégal Le Sénégal fait partie de plusieurs accords commerciaux, notamment la Communauté économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) et l'Organisation mondiale du commerce. Il est également éligible aux avantages d'accès au marché américain dans le cadre de la loi sur la croissance et les opportunités en Afrique (AGOA). Des négociations sont en cours pour un accord de partenariat économique entre l'UE et plusieurs pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest, dont le Sénégal.

Les États-Unis et le Sénégal Le Sénégal est éligible aux avantages d'accès au marché américain dans le cadre de l'AGOA. Les principales importations en provenance des États-Unis sont les céréales fourragères (maïs) et les produits orientés vers le consommateur.

Le Canada et le Sénégal En 2022, le commerce bilatéral de marchandises entre le Canada et le Sénégal a atteint plus de 197 millions de dollars. Les principales exportations canadiennes comprenaient des céréales, des véhicules et des pièces, des machines, des textiles et des boissons.

L’Union européenne et le Ghana Le Ghana a un accord de partenariat économique (APE) bilatéral avec l'UE.

Les États-Unis et le Ghana Le Ghana a un accord-cadre sur le commerce et l'investissement (TIFA) avec les États-Unis. De nombreuses exportations ghanéennes vers les États-Unis bénéficient de préférences tarifaires en franchise de droits en vertu de l'AGOA et du programme du système généralisé de préférences (SGP).

Le Canada et le Ghana En 2021, le commerce bilatéral de marchandises entre le Canada et le Ghana a atteint plus de 475 millions de dollars. Les principales exportations canadiennes comprenaient des céréales, des véhicules et des pièces, des machines, des textiles et des boissons.

L’Union européenne et le Congo RDC La contribution de l'UE à la consolidation en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) repose sur un soutien fort au développement politique, économique et commercial du pays dans le cadre de l'accord de Cotonou.

Les États-Unis et le Congo RDC La RDC a un traité d'investissement bilatéral (TBI) avec les États-Unis. Elle est également membre du Marché commun de l'Afrique orientale et australe (COMESA), avec lequel les États-Unis ont un TIFA.

Veuillez noter que les spécificités de ces accords peuvent changer avec le temps et il est toujours recommandé de consulter les sources les plus récentes pour obtenir les informations les plus précises.

Étude de marché Réalisez une étude de marché approfondie pour comprendre les préférences et les besoins des consommateurs sur ces marchés. Cela vous aidera à adapter vos produits à leurs demandes spécifiques.

Partenariats Envisagez de nouer des partenariats avec des entreprises locales sur ces marchés. Elles peuvent vous fournir des informations précieuses sur la dynamique du marché et le comportement des consommateurs.

Certifications Obtenez des certifications internationales pour vos produits. Des certifications comme Organic, Fairtrade et Rainforest Alliance peuvent rendre vos produits plus attrayants pour les consommateurs sur ces marchés.

Conclusion Si l'Union européenne, les États-Unis, le Canada et le Japon offrent des opportunités importantes aux entreprises agroalimentaires des pays en développement, il est essentiel de respecter leurs normes élevées en matière de qualité et de traçabilité. En mettant en œuvre ces recommandations, les entreprises agricoles et agroalimentaires peuvent améliorer leur compétitivité et entrer avec succès ces marchés. N'oubliez pas que la clé du succès dans le commerce international réside dans la compréhension de la dynamique du marché, le respect des normes requises et la recherche constante de l'excellence.

Bibliographie https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8718621 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1184373/full https://www.scl.gatech.edu/news/more-food-traceability-case-cassava-exporters-costa-rica https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/78062 https://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/uploaded/2021/06/Case-Study_Traceability_Fairtrade_Adj.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/6/1648 https://ussec.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Manual-of-Quality-Analyses.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1056040/full https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/119323/book%20chapter.pdf?sequence=1

J'espère que vous avez apprécié la lecture de cet article et que vous en avez appris quelque chose de nouveau et d'utile. Si c’est le cas, partagez-le avec vos amis et collègues qui pourraient être intéressés par l’agriculture et l’agrobusiness.

M. Kosona Chriv Vice-Président en charge des Opérations Deko Integrated and Agro Processing Limited 3rd and 4th Floors, Idubor House 52 Mission Road 300002 Benin City État d'Edo Nigéria

Téléphone/WhatsApp : + 2349040848867 (Nigéria) [phone] (Cambodge) Courriel : [email protected] Site Web : https://fr.dekoholding.com

Deko Integrated and Agro Processing Limited est une entreprise agroalimentaire, exportatrice de matières premières agricoles au Nigeria. Nous faisons partie du groupe Deko, un réseau mondial d’entreprises qui cherchent à transformer les secteurs agricole et alimentaire au Nigeria et dans les pays de la CEDEAO grâce à des technologies et des innovations de rupture. Nous sommes toujours à la recherche d’opportunités commerciales gagnant-gagnant avec des industriels mondiaux du secteur agroalimentaire, des acheteurs internationaux de produits agricoles et des investisseurs internationaux qui partagent notre vision et nos valeurs. En travaillant ensemble, nous pouvons créer de la valeur pour nos clients, partenaires et parties prenantes, ainsi qu’un impact positif sur les communautés locales et sur l’environnement. Nous nous engageons à fournir des produits et des services de haute qualité, ainsi qu’à favoriser l’innovation et la durabilité. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur le groupe Deko et sur la façon dont nous pouvons collaborer, veuillez visiter notre site Web https://fr.dekoholding.com

Photo d'illustration: Des sacs de fèves de cacao attendent l'exportation vers l'Europe à Roça Agua Izé sur l'île de Sao Tomé, São Tomé et Príncipe (crédits: David Stanley / Flickr CC BY 2.0 DEED)

Lisez l'article entier en cliquant ici https://fr.dekoholding.com/dekoposts/sk2QmupRv32oRH8Hf/conseils-pour-l-exportation-de-produits-agricoles-vers-l/dekonews

[cassavamachinery]

China supplier cassava flour processing machinery used to make fufu flour, cassava powder, kokonte flour, yam flour~

WhatsApp/Phone:[phone] Email:[email protected]

#cassava #cassava processing machine #cassava machine #youtube #nigeria #cassava processing

[genshinimpactlife]

Rose coming in clutch once again with the Kokontent. It was amazing, as all your work is!

I'm so glad you liked it <3 <3 Your message just made my day! Thank you so much

#-Rosesmutuals- #made my day #i love messages like this

[akuasucc]

kokonte > fufu

waakye > jollof

[keanchantedtomeetyou]

let me take you with me (a one shot)

An entry to #EXOPINKNarration week. Check out the other entries through their twitter account @/exopinkwrites :)

"Adi, this can possibly be the end for your career." He froze. Adriel has always been in the spotlight starting from being a child star and even now 18 years after, an award winning actor; but maybe everything ends here.

Even after denying dating rumors with former a co-star, people does not believe the two are not together. Well, Sheree has been showning interest on him and he has been rejecting her a couple of times. Now being the daughter of a renowned actress, an executive and growing up spoiled she's never been good at handling rejections. The woman went on to an exclusive interview covered in bruises, telling the public how she has been in a private relationship with her on screen partner and how he has been abusing her.

Now he's in doom. She came with evidences. Tampered, fake evidences. Locked up in his room, his manager breaks the news on how the managing company can't do anything about the issue.

"The company will do everything they can, for now you should rest." Jun, his manager states.

"Rest? How can I fucking rest when my name and career is slowly falling, Jun?!" Now red in anger, Adriel has his fist clenched. He's enraged at how they can't do anything with the the power the other side has. "I have never even been to her unit! I was only there for Lucio and that was ony ONE TIME! ONE TIME! I visited my sick friend and now they're telling me I actually live with that woman?!"

"Just take my advice and leave for now, this is all the company could do for now, Adi. You could think of this as only your career break. You've been in the industry for almost 2 decades and you need to rest." With that, Adriel silently leaves the city.

And that is the story on why Adriel Veron, famous actor, is now somewhere far from the city, trying to feed horses for a living.

"Kababayan, galing mo na mag pakain ng kabayo ah! Naalala ko dati sumigaw ka pa—" Naputol ang sinasabi ng babae ng biglang binigay ng kaharap nito ang bucket na hawak hawak sa kanya.

"Meron ka ngayon, Adi?!" Pasigaw na tugon ng dalaga. "Attitude naman, sabi ni Kuya Jun mabait daw yun parang di naman." Anito sa sarili.

It has been 4 months ever since he left Manila. Adriel has been patiently waiting for his manager to contact him and give an update about his career. Mahina ang signal sa San Fernando and he has to take a 30 minute walk to the mountains para lang maka sagao ng kokonting signal upang tawagan ang manager nito.

"Jun! Thank God you answered. Ano balita?" Pang bungad agad nito. He has to be straight to the point about his intentions on calling, ang hirap kayang maghanap ng signal para magpaligoy-ligoy lang.

"Adi, the same old. Even yung guard nung gabing nakuha ang video ang sabi ikaw daw yung nakita nila. Mahirap sila kalabanin, Adi. Sorry." Jun hates updating him with bad news ngunit wala itong magawa, pawang hindi magagandang balita lamang talaga ang maiibibigay nito sa kaibigan.

"Sige, Jun. Tawag lang ulit ako next week same time and day parin ha."

"Adi, wag ka na muna tumawag pahirapan pa naman jan. I'll just go there. Pupunta ako jan if may update na ako. Kapag okay na ang lahat."

"Jun, hinding hindi magiging ganun kadali na maging okay ang lahat! So hanggang kelan nila balak akong paghintayin dito?! May ginagawa ba talaga ang kumpanyang yan para sakin?!" Galit na tugon ng lalaki. Ilang buwan na rin siyang naghihintay ngunit kahit anong hintay ay wlaang nag babago, bad news parin ang natatanggap nito.

"Adi, why don't you try and relax there. Nanjan ka upang magrelax, magpahinga. You can stay there for a year at pagkatapos non balik kana dito, siguro naman makakalimutan na ng mga tao yung issue niyan."

"Tangina?! You want me to wait for a year? A year when we know I'm innocent?! Hinding hindi ako makakapag relax dito knowing how fucked up my image is there, Jun! Wala akong ginawang masama! Napagbintangan lang tapos lahat ng pinaghirapan ko sa halos dalawang decada mawawal na lang ng ganon?!" Sigaw nito. Siguro ngayon pagod na ang paligid sa pakikinig sa galit niya. His angry shouts has been echoing from this very same place for the past months at tanging pag sigaw lamang ang nagagawa nito upang maglabas ng galit. He's helpless and even his own manager and friend can't do anything to help him.

"I'm sorry, Adi." Tanging naging sagot ng kausap nito sa telepono. Jun sighs defeated, wala naman kasi talaga silang magagawa.

"Sorry din Jun kung nasigawan kita, alis na ako baka hinahanap na rin ako nina Ate Gina dun kasi naririnig ko na ai Chynna." He ended the call even before Jun could answer. He feels defeated and drained. Wala nanaman progress, he thought.

"Kababayan! Hoy Adi! Nasa taas ka nanaman ba? Baba kana kakain na daw sabi ni Ate Gina. Ayaw ko na umakyat jan nahulog ako noong huling beses na sinundo kita! Sinigang ulam diba paborito mo yun?" Tawag ng dalaga rito.

"Susunod na!" Sagot nito at dahan dahang bumaba sa kina roroonan.

"Adriel alam mo apat na buwan ka na rito pero naka busangot ka parin tuwing nakikita kita. Don't you know relaxing ang bukid life?! Kaya nga ako andito oh, magulo ang Maynila, maingay pero dito fresh! Mukhang ako!" Pagdaldal ng dalaga sa kasama at nagbeautiful eyes pa. Katulad ni Adi, taga Manila rin ito ngunit lumipat lang tatlong taon na ang nakaraan dahil nga daw "maingay ang city life, not for me."

"Tumigil kana, Chy. Temporary lang din ako dito, may uuwian ako sa Manila." Sagot nito at nagmadali nang maglakad upang maunahan ang dalaga. He sometimes hates how talkative this woman is.

"Teka gago ka hintayin mo 'ko! Be a gentleman hoy!" Tawag nito sa kasama at dali daling inabot ang kamay niya upang mapigilan itong maunang maglakad. "Maghintay ka naman oy! Pinuntahan pa naman kita dito kahit ang layo layo para maka pag lunch ka on time. Ouch ha!" Pagtutuloy ng babae at nag aktong hinahawakan ang dibdib upang ipakitang nasasaktan talaga ito. Tanging irap lamang ang natanggap nito sa lalaking kasama.

"Hindi ka marunong mag enjoy ano? KJ. Di bale, sama kita mamaya sa adventures ko! 3pm ha? Kita kits tayo sa harap ni Gigi."

"Ni Gigi?!" Nagtatakang tanong ni Adi.

"Oo! Ah basta mamaya 3pm hihintayin kitang loko ka."

-

"Alas tres na ng hapon ngunit hindi parin dumadating ang dapat umanoy kasama ng babae. Inis nitong pinalabas si Gigi, ang alagang kabayo niya, at sumakay na upang puntahan ang tinatawag nitong 'kababayan.'

"Hoy Adriel!" Sigaw nito nungit ng hindi bumukas ang pinto ng tinutuluyan nito ay binuksan na niya ito. "Hoy wag ka matulog jan, loko ka iindian-nin mo pa ako ha?" Sigaw nito at ginising ang lalaki.

Adi was half awake ng pinasakay siya ni Chynna sa kabayo ngunit nagising ang diwa nito nang tumakbo ang hayop. "Hawak ka, child star baka mahulog ka niyan sayang mukha mo."

"Tang ina mo, Chynna! Lagot ka sakin mamaya!" Ang tanging naging pabalik balik na lumabas sa bibig nito buong panahong nakasakay ito kay Gigi.

"So ginising mo ako sa pahinga ko para dito?!" Pagmamaktol ng lalaki. Nasa harap nito ang batis. He has never been here. Buong apat na buwan ay kung hindi ito nagpapakain ng kabayo o naglilinis ng dumi ay natutulog ito sa kwarto niya.

"Alam mo ang kj mo! Ligo tayo dali! Nakakatuwa kaya maligo sa batis, Adi. Dali na!" Hinila naman ito ng mas nakababata.

The sun was setting and it has been an hour ever since they came here. He felt relieved, hindi alam ng nakakatanda kung anong meron pero it felt like he washed the stress away. Tanging ligo lang naman talaga ang ginawa nito at pakikinig sa mga kwento ng madaldal na kasama but he felt relaxed. It has been the first time in four months, sa loob ng isang oras ay parang nawala ang mga iniisip nito.

Nasundan pa ng ilang beses ang lakad ng dalawa na minsan ay nagiging hike din ito tuwing linggo. Chynna brought him to different places, shown him different views. Naliligo parin sila sa batis pa minsan-minsan pero this time, nasa peak sila ng bunok na malapit lamang sa farm na pinagtatrabahuan. Pinili ng dalawang umalis ng maaga upang maabutan ang pagsikat ng araw.

"So ano masasabi mo dito, Adi? Maganda diba?" Tanong ng dalaga. Saglit nitong nilingon ang lalaking kasama habang hinahanda ang mga dalang pagkain upang makapag agahan.

"Thank you, Chy. Maganda nga. I've seen sunrise a couple of times na tuwing naauumagahan kami sa set pero iba pala dito."

"That's because first sunrise talaga ito dito."

"Chy," panimula ng kasama habang pinupwesto ang sarili sa harap ng pagkaining dala nilang dalawa. "takot ako kasi all my life I have been an actor. Wala akong ibang gawin, hindi na ako sumubok maging singer kasi di rin naman ako swak jan, kahit nga magluto hindi ako magaling. Pag arte lang yun lang alam ko that when that life of mine came crumbling down, tanging galit lang ang nalalabas ko. Nakakapasaya naman ako ng tao sa pag arte ko ah, ba't ganon yung balik sakin?"

"Maybe that is the world's way of letting you have a break, Adi. Ikaw na nagsabi all your life nasa pagarte na nakatuon atensyon mo and you need a break. Sabi mo ilang beses mo na sinubukang mag career break pero laging hindi natutuloy, oh ayan na natuloy na."

"Loko ka!" Ani ng lalaki at akmang tatamaan na sana ng kutsarang hawak ni Adi ito.

"It is never wrong to take a break, ha. Hindi masama to change courses in life kasi hindi mo alam what wonder lies in surprises. Just like this, 3 months ago you hated me dragging you para gumala. Tapos eto ka kanina una kapa nagising sakin kasi excited kang makita sunrise!"

"7 months na pala ano? I can't remember the last time I called Jun." Was it last month? Or last week? He thought. On the usual time na tinatawagan nito ang kaibigan ay nagiging abala na siya sa mga lakad niya kasama ang kaibigan. Yes he now considers his talkative and cheerful co-worker as a friend.

"Hintay ka lang, Adi. Jun will come and with good news so for now, relax ka lang muna dito. Magpakain ka ng kabayo, which you have been getting better na daw sabi ni Gigi!" She nudges him and Adi laughs at how he imagines her actually having a chat with her own horse. "For now, you enjoy this life and let me take you on adventures kasi andami mo pang hindi nakikita dito. Nature is actually full of surprises, Adi. So let me take you with me."

[badasssueme]

Proud Plant Mom 🌱

#blackgirlsrock #lifestyleblogger #kokontent #blackgirlmagic #blackisbeautiful #thekourtnieshow #chicagofashion #chicago #bombshellsonly #plantcollection #plantparenthood #plantphotography #blackgirlandplants #plantsandblackpeople

[brooklynfoodie]

Life In Ghana 🇬🇭: I made a big pot of peanut butter soup and kokonte wit...

#Youtube

[katherynkangas]

As you may or may not know, on Fridays, we count mouthfuls and not calories 👌🏿😁🤤 Team 'Face the wall', for yous 😎 Kokonte X Wrɛwrɛ Nkwan for your weekend cravings folks! Thanks for sharing and showcasing our Ghanaian cooking @_cookedwithlove #kokonte #abete3 #Wrɛwrɛnkwan #Wrɛwrɛ #wr3wr3 #Kokonte #Konkonte #GhanaianFoodNetwork #EcofriendlyUtensils #WashYourHands #EcofriendlyHabits #GhanaianCuisine #GhanaianCooking #WestAfricanFood : #Ghana #Ghanaians #Chef #Homecook #Foodie #Foodlover #GhanaianFood #GhanaFood #GhanaStyle #GhanaianFoodNetwork #InstagramGhana #FoodNetWorking #GhanaFoodies #Ghanachefs #GhanaHomecooks #AfricanFood #Ghanaglutenfreemeals https://www.instagram.com/p/CTpJ5YboKfk/?utm_medium=tumblr

#kokonte #abete3 #wrɛwrɛnkwan #wrɛwrɛ #wr3wr3 #konkonte #ghanaianfoodnetwork #ecofriendlyutensils #washyourhands #ecofriendlyhabits #ghanaiancuisine #ghanaiancooking #westafricanfood #ghana #ghanaians #chef #homecook #foodie #foodlover #ghanaianfood #ghanafood #ghanastyle #instagramghana #foodnetworking #ghanafoodies #ghanachefs #ghanahomecooks #africanfood #ghanaglutenfreemeals

[wittykahitcorny]

NEVER EVER EVER EVER AGAIN.

Bakit ko naman iboboto si BBM?

I. Magnanakaw. Hindi siya mismo pero ang pamilya niya. Means nakikinabang/nakinabang din siya. Meron silang Swiss bank account at dun nila nilagak ang lahat ng nakulimbat nilang salapi.

Madami man silang nagawang infrastructure halos lahat naman yun may kickback or overpriced.

II. Sinungaling. Kapatid daw ng magnanakaw yun pala anak. Pilit na kineclaim na graduate daw ng Oxford University pero Oxford na ang nagsabi na special diploma lang nakuha.

III. Adik. Cocaine user.

IV. Duwag. Hindi umaatend ng debate. Ang reason niya, bias sila.

V. Tamad. Never nagkaroon ng ibang work maliban sa pagiging politician. Nung pandemic nga di man lang siya nagpakita. Mas mainam pa yung Leo Marcos na kahit para lang maka gain ng views ay active nung pandemic.

Sasabihin na naman ng iba na sinisiraan lang ang manok nila. Iba ang paninira sa pagsasabi ng totoo. Hirap kaso senyo mas naniniwala kayo sa napapanood niyo sa tiktok, sa mga influencer. Fact check din.

Bat siya ang iboboto ng mga Pilipino?

Kasi yung 5 na characteristics na yan ay karaniwang taglay ng mga pinoy. You are who you vote for. Nakikita mo sa kandidato mo yung sarili mo.

I were once a Marcos Apologists. May mga post pa ko before na kampi ako sa kanila. Binoto ko pa si BBM nung 2019. Di ko rin natanggap nun na natalo siya. Pero it's never to late na mamulat sa katotohanan at tanggapin. Binoto ko rin si Duterte. Okay naman siya nung una pero nung nagka pandemic sumablay na siya. Wala naman perfect administration pero dami rin siya magandang nagawa.

Okay daw ang buhay nung martial law. By the way, martial law lasted for 14yrs. Okay ang buhay pero di para sa lahat, may areas na maulan merong maaraw. Hindi ko macompared kung okay ba buhay nun kasi wala pa naman ako at di ko naexperienced. Kaya nag ask ako. Mura daw bilihin at simple at masaya pamumuhay. Kahit naman nung kabataan ko masaya ako kahit madalas brownout, laging apektado ng bagyo at baha, kahit wala kaming pagkain na madalas ulam namin ay labay kape, saging na sinasawsaw sa toyo at mantika. Masaya buhay kasi wala kaming pakialam sa Pilipinas, wala kaming pakialam sa politika. Kaya natutuwa ako sa mga kabataan ngayon kasi kahit sa murang edad mulat na sila sa politika. Mura din bilihin nun pero mababa pasahod kasi kokonte pa yung tao sa Pinas.

Hindi lahat ng against kay BBM ay kay Leni. Si Ping Lacson talaga ang gusto kong iboto pero alam natin na dehado siya. Di ako magdadalawang isip na iboto si Leni. Disagree din ako sa lantarang endorsement ng Catholic Church sa kaniya. Katoliko ako. Pati na rin dun sa kung ano anong ritwal na ginagawa sa kanya kasi nagmumukha tuloy siyang tanga. Or hindi ko lang talaga gets yung kultura nung iba.

Si BBM ay walang ibang plataporma kundi UNITY at PAGKAKAISA. Pinag iba ko na para atleast maging dalawa. Paulit ulit. Hindi tayo uunlad ng puro unity lang. Edsa people power nga napagkaisahan sila ng mga Pinoy. Magkaisa at magsama. Kanta yan. Ayun, napatalsik.

Marami sa inyo ang alam ko na nagdadalawang isip na rin sa pagboto kay BBM. Hindi niyo lang magawa kasi di kaya ng ego niyo. Ayaw niyo tanggapin ang katotohanan kasi nahihiya kayong matalo at isipin na mali pala ang pinaniniwalaan at alam niyo. Kaya ang hirit niyo lang palagi ay "respect my opinion". Iba ang tama sa mali at iba ang tama sa gusto. Hindi porket gusto mo ay yun na yung tama. Pero sa mundo hindi na mahalaga kung ano ang tama kundi kung ano lang ang gusto mo.

Hindi pa huli ang lahat. May pag asa pa ang Pilipinas. Kailangan lang nating simulan ng tama. Hindi man tayo ang makatamasa ng pag unlad, isipin na lang sana natin yung mga anak at apo natin, ang kinabukasan nila.

[akoismev2]

Masama bang hilingin na sana palagi na lang masama ang pakiramdam mo para ako na lang palagi ang ittxt mo kung ano ang gamot sa sakit ng ulo? Masama bang isipin na sana kagalit mo na lang yung bestfriend mo para nasa akin naman yung atensyon mo? Masama bang ipanalangin na sana wala laging laman ang wallet mo para di ka na makagimik kasama ang barkada mo at mga boring na reply ko na lang ang pagtitiyagaan mo? Kung masama mang mag isip ng ganito, siguro demonyo na nga talaga ako. Eh anong magagawa ko kung masaya na ko sa kokonting oras na binibigay mo? Nagbabakasakali lang naman ako na sa kakapiranggot na oras na iniaabuloy mo, baka mapansin mo din ako.

#vn

[adalidda]

Recommendations for Exporting Agricultural Commodities to the European Union, USA, Canada, and Japan

The European Union, USA, Canada, and Japan are promising markets for exporters of agricultural commodities from developing countries. These regions have trade preference agreements that allow duty-free or low-duty imports from certain developing countries. However, the requirements for the quality and traceability of agricultural commodities are high. This document provides recommendations for agribusiness firms in developing countries to successfully export their agricultural commodities to these markets.

Recommendations

Quality Assurance Implement stringent quality control measures to ensure that the commodities meet the high-quality standards required by these markets. This could involve investing in modern farming techniques and technologies. Below are some detailed case studies and experiences learned on quality assurance for some agricultural commodities:

Soybean A study on the soybean supply chain in the state of Pará, Brazil, used Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with soybean production. The study highlighted the importance of efficient business transactions and soybean tracking for quality assurance. Another resource, the “Manual of Soy Quality Analyses for Soybean Products in the Feed Industry”, provides up-to-date, reliable, and easy-to-search information to quality control laboratories, universities, research centers, animal and human nutritionists, soybean traders, and organizations and individuals with an interest in the quality analysis of soybean products.

Sorghum A study on global sorghum production analyzed the current status of sorghum production, trends, and factors controlling sorghum yield using empirical approaches. The study highlighted the importance of adequate use of fertilizers and technology adoption, efficient management, and better agronomic practices for boosting sorghum yield and ensuring its sustainability in a warmer climate. Another study on India’s rainfed sorghum improvement over three decades assessed the efficiency of past achievements in genetic yield potential to facilitate future genetic improvement. The study revealed that sorghum varieties bred with diverse genetic backgrounds, such as landraces, and with tolerance to pests and diseases had stable yield performance.

Cassava A case study on small-scale flash-dryer reengineering for cassava processing in Costa Rica discussed the importance of traceability in the cassava supply chain. The study emphasized that accurate identification of the varieties of cassava grown by farmers will improve its management and production and facilitate tracking and replacing specific varieties. Another case study involving two food industries in Ghana developed an appropriate quality assurance system for two popular cassava-based convenience foods, fufu and kokonte flour. The study established critical control points with accompanying critical limits, monitoring procedures, corrective actions, verification procedures, record keeping, and documentation procedures based on the HACCP principle.

These case studies highlight the importance of quality assurance in agricultural supply chains and the innovative solutions being used to enhance it. They also underscore the challenges that need to be addressed to ensure effective quality assurance.

Traceability Establish robust systems for tracking the journey of the commodities from the farm to the market. This will enhance transparency and trust with the importers.

Below are some case studies and experiences learned on traceability for some agricultural commodities:

Soybean Blockchain technology has been used to enhance traceability in the soybean supply chain. A study proposed an approach that leverages the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts to efficiently perform business transactions for soybean tracking and traceability across the agricultural supply chain. This solution eliminates the need for trusted centralized authorities and intermediaries and provides transaction records, enhancing efficiency and safety with high integrity, reliability, and security.

Sorghum A study on global sorghum production analyzed the current status of sorghum production, trends, and factors controlling sorghum yield using empirical approaches. Especially in sub-Saharan Africa, this crop is cultivated widely under unfavorable climate conditions and sub-optimal input levels. The study highlighted the importance of adequate use of fertilizers and technology adoption, efficient management, and better agronomic practices for boosting sorghum yield and ensuring its sustainability under a warmer climate.

Cassava A study on cassava exporters from Costa Rica discussed the importance of traceability in the cassava supply chain. As growing emphasis is placed on quality at all levels and on traceability and the preservation of the identity of varieties, accurate identification of the varieties of cassava grown by farmers will improve its management and production and facilitate tracking and replacing specific varieties.

Cocoa A series of case studies co-developed by IDH, The Sustainable Trade Initiative, the Belgian Initiative Beyond Chocolate Partnership, the Swiss Platform for Sustainable Cocoa (SWISSCO), the Dutch Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (DISCO) and the German Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (GISCO) explored in more detail how companies and standard setting organizations are implementing traceability in their operations. These studies provide valuable insights into the role of specific cocoa supply chain actors in the context of traceability.

These case studies highlight the importance of traceability in agricultural supply chains and the innovative solutions being used to enhance it. They also underscore the challenges that need to be addressed to ensure effective traceability.

Leverage Trade Agreements Understand the specifics of the trade agreements that your country has with the European Union, USA, Canada, and Japan to take full advantage of them. This may require seeking advice from trade experts or legal advisors.

Below is information on the trade agreements between the European Union, USA, Canada, and Japan with some developing countries:

European Union and Cambodia The EU works closely with Cambodia under the framework of the EU-ASEAN Cooperation Agreement. Cambodia benefits from the European Union's Everything But Arms scheme, which grants unilateral duty-free, quota-free access for all exports except arms and ammunition. In 2022, total trade in goods between the EU and Cambodia equaled €6.3 billion.

USA and Cambodia The United States and Cambodia concluded a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) in 2000. The BTA provides a forum to address bilateral trade issues and allows Cambodia and the United States to coordinate on regional and multilateral issues.

Canada and Cambodia Canada is one of Cambodia’s top export destinations, and bilateral merchandise trade has grown from $1.8 billion in 2021 to $2.4 billion in 2022. Cambodia benefits from Canada’s Market Access Initiative for least developed countries, which allows qualifying states quota-free and duty-free access to the Canadian market.

Japan and Cambodia Japan and Cambodia have an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) which strengthens the mutually beneficial economic collaboration between the two countries by facilitating freer flows of goods, services, and investments.

European Union and Vietnam The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) eliminates or reduces tariffs on many key goods like electronics, food products, and pharmaceuticals. Between 2020 and 2021, EU-Vietnam agri-food trade grew by 9%, reaching €3.5 billion in total.

Canada and Vietnam Vietnam is Canada’s largest trading partner in ASEAN. In 2022, two-way merchandise trade between Canada and Vietnam totaled $13.8 billion. Vietnam benefits from the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) which provides a rules-based trading environment and enhances market access for Canadian exporters.

Japan and Vietnam Japan and Vietnam have an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) which strengthens the mutually beneficial economic collaboration between the two countries by facilitating freer flows of goods, services, and investments.

USA and Nigeria In 2021, the two-way trade in goods between the United States and Nigeria totaled over $7 billion. U.S. exports to Nigeria include wheat, vehicles, machinery, kerosene, lubricating oils, jet fuel, civilian aircraft, and plastics.

European Union and Nigeria The Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) aim to support West Africa's investment, industrialization, and diversification objectives. However, Nigeria has not signed an EPA due to concerns about its impact on local farmers and manufacturers.

Canada and Nigeria In 2022, two-way merchandise trade between Canada and Nigeria totaled $13.8 billion.

European Union (EU) and Senegal Senegal is part of several trade agreements, including the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the World Trade Organization. It's also eligible for U.S. market access benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Negotiations are ongoing for an Economic Partnership Agreement between the EU and several West African countries, including Senegal.

USA and Senegal Senegal is eligible for U.S. market access benefits under AGOA. The main imports from the USA are feed grains (corn) and consumer-oriented products.

Canada and Senegal In 2022, two-way merchandise trade between Canada and Senegal reached over $197 million. The main Canadian exports included cereals, vehicles and parts, machinery, textiles, and beverages.

EU and Ghana Ghana has a bilateral Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU.

USA and Ghana Ghana has a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the USA. Many Ghanaian exports to the USA benefit from duty-free tariff preferences under AGOA and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program.

Canada and Ghana In 2021, two-way merchandise trade between Canada and Ghana reached over $475 million. The main Canadian exports included cereals, vehicles and parts, machinery, textiles, and beverages.

EU and Congo RDC The EU’s contribution to consolidation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is based on strong support for political, economic, and commercial development in the country under the Cotonou Agreement.

USA and Congo RDC The DRC has a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) with the USA. It's also a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), with which the USA has a TIFA.

Please note that the specifics of these agreements can change over time and it's always a good idea to check the most recent sources for the most accurate information.

Market Research Conduct thorough market research to understand the preferences and needs of consumers in these markets. This will help in tailoring your products to meet their specific demands.

Partnerships Consider forming partnerships with local businesses in these markets. They can provide valuable insights into the market dynamics and consumer behavior.

Certifications Obtain international certifications for your commodities. Certifications like Organic, Fairtrade, and Rainforest Alliance can make your products more appealing to consumers in these markets.

Conclusion While the European Union, USA, Canada, and Japan present significant opportunities for agribusiness firms in developing countries, it is crucial to meet their high standards for quality and traceability. By implementing these recommendations, agribusiness firms can enhance their competitiveness and successfully penetrate these markets. Remember, the key to success in international trade lies in understanding the market dynamics, meeting the required standards, and continuously striving for excellence.

Bibliographies https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8718621 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1184373/full https://www.scl.gatech.edu/news/more-food-traceability-case-cassava-exporters-costa-rica https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/78062 https://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/uploaded/2021/06/Case-Study_Traceability_Fairtrade_Adj.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/6/1648 https://ussec.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Manual-of-Quality-Analyses.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1056040/full https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/119323/book%20chapter.pdf?sequence=1

I hope you enjoyed reading this post and learned something new and useful from it. If you did, please share it with your friends and colleagues who might be interested in Agriculture and Agribusiness.

Mr. Kosona Chriv Chief Operating Officer (COO)

Deko Integrated and Agro Processing Limited 3rd and 4th Floors, Idubor House 52 Mission Road 300002 Benin City Edo State Nigeria

Phone/WhatsApp: + 2349040848867 (Nigeria) [phone] (Cambodia) Email: [email protected] Website: https://dekoholding.com

Deko Integrated and Agro Processing Limited is an agricultural firm and exporter of agricultural commodities in Nigeria. We aim to use technologies and innovations to disrupt the cassava value chain in Nigeria. We believe that Nigeria has the potential and resources to become the top exporter of value-added cassava. If you are in the world cassava value chain (food manufacturers, bio-ethanol manufacturers, cassava by-products producers, and investors), we look forward to hearing from you soon and exploring the possibilities of working together. By working together, we can create value for our customers, partners, and stakeholders, as well as make a positive impact on the local communities and the environment. We are committed to delivering high-quality products and services, as well as fostering innovation and sustainability. If you want to learn more about Deko Group and how we can collaborate, please visit our website https://dekoholding.com

Illustration Photo: Coopedota, a coffee cooperative in Costa Rica, earned recognition in 2011 as the world's first carbon neutral coffee producer (credits: Luis Salazar/Crop Trust / Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 DEED)

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