#strombolian

[economicsresearch]

page 550 - my fury is like this volcano's eruption; enormous and hot but delivered with such dribbling weakness it's just an amusing distraction unless you happen to be right there and also don't take three steps to the left.

#economics #economy #economist #graph #chart #nobel #typical age earnings profile #typical #profile #class #income #determinants #volcano #eruption #erupt #magma #lava #plinian #hawaiian #strombolian #icelandic #vulcanian #rage #anger #fury #geology #geography

[safecastle-sale]

Volcanic Activity Around the World (2024)

This is a summary of volcanic activity around the world on February 24, 2024, based on a news report from Volcano Discovery.

Santiaguito: The volcano continues to erupt with strombolian activity, ejecting incandescent material up to 100 meters high.

Fuego: The volcano continues to erupt with ash plumes reaching up to 15,000 ft.

Popocatépetl: The volcano continues to emit moderate amounts of ash and gas.

Semeru: The volcano continues to erupt with ash plumes reaching up to 50,000 ft.

Dukono: The volcano erupted on February 24, 2024, ejecting ash up to 20,000 ft.

Sakurajima: The volcano continues to erupt with explosions and ash plumes reaching up to 5,000 ft.

Suwanose-jima: The volcano continues to erupt with ash plumes reaching up to 2,000 ft.

Manam: The volcano continues to erupt with ash plumes reaching up to 10,000 ft.

Lewotobi: The volcano continues to erupt with ash plumes reaching up to 5,000 ft.

Reykjanes: The Icelandic Met Office said an eruption is likely in this area.

Nevado del Ruiz: The volcano is emitting low levels of ash and gas.

Volcanic ash plumes can pose a hazard to aviation and can cause respiratory problems for people on the ground. If you are in an area affected by volcanic ash, it is important to follow the advice of local authorities.

Please note that this is just a summary of the information in the post. For more detailed information, please refer to the original source.

#volcanic eruption #volcanic island #volcanic activity #volcanic ash #Popocatepetl #mexico #rhys darby #taika waititi #active volcano #iceland #volcanoes

[geoledgy]

You may have been asked this once before, but what type of character is your favorite to draw and why?

I may have, but I'd love to answer as however many times I get asked this!

I don't have one single type of character I like to draw other than "spiky hair" but I like drawing characters with "unique" facial features and body types, characters with uniquely shaped hair, scientists, and guitar playing characters. It's kinda a hard question because I might like a design as a concept but liking to draw the design is a totally different story because there can be a character that fits all my fave designs but still end up being totally not fun to draw, and characters completely out of my comfort zone that are more fun to draw, definitely a case by case basis. Buuuuuuuut...

I don't really like drawing characters that are meant to look "cute" or "conventionally attractive" to the general population unless their narrative calls for it (IE characters like Cal), that's just not my thing but more power to ya if you do! I love drawing variations in facial feature placements, large noses, different face shapes and body shapes and choosing "odd" shapes to use as my character's base shapes. Making silhouettes unique is what I love to do and I WILL find a way to make any conventionally attractive cutesy looking design given to me become fun and more visually appealing to myself.

As for uniquely shaped hair, this is a more cartoonish thing but just silly hair! Or cleverly designed hair styles that fit the character's design, personality, or occupation. I have some examples here:

TB's hair is meant to look like a strombolian eruption, Grant's is a volcano (like a cartoon depiction of one), and Audric's hair is in the shape of a fish. It's fun but it also helps with design consistency. I don't think perfect consistency is important when I draw but I just like that my characters really stand out/are distinct

Scientists...I love to depict scientists working in their field/studies especially those that work outside the lab. I think it's really fun but also kinda like, shows people that hey! Look at the cool stuff scientists can do that's not just sitting in the lab and doing calculations all day! (Unless that's your thing) Mostly geoscientists in particular cuz I also love to draw scenery and rocks.

And lastly, characters that play guitar (Or guitar-like instruments) are fun cuz I can do a lot of crazy energetic poses while the character holds a prop and it kinda makes the drawing more constrained but easier to work with. Plus I get to design their guitars too and that's always fun.

Oh also I love to draw anthro weasels. Always.

Thanks for the ask!

#asks

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Erebus Breaks Through

The summit crater of Mount Erebus, the world’s southernmost active volcano, appeared above the clouds on a late-spring day in 2023. The OLI-2 (Operational Land Imager-2) on Landsat 9 captured this view of the stratovolcano on November 25.

Mount Erebus is one of several volcanoes forming Ross Island off the coast of West Antarctica. At 3,794 meters (12,450 feet) above sea level, it looms over McMurdo Station, located just 35 kilometers (22 miles) away. These volcanoes occur in a rift zone where extension has caused the crust to thin and allowed magma to migrate up through faults to the surface.

In the detailed view (above), the Landsat image includes the shortwave infrared signal (red) produced by heat from a lava lake in the summit crater. The lake has been active since at least 1972 and is one of only a few long-lived lava lakes on Earth. It constantly churns and occasionally spews bombs of molten rock in Strombolian eruptions. Geologists want to learn why an active lava lake has persisted here for so long. Recent research suggests one reason could be the magma’s low water content, which makes it less volatile as it approaches the surface.

Erebus was active prior to the emergence of this lava lake, including in 1841 when British Royal Navy officer James Clark Ross first sighted it during his Antarctic exploration. Mount Erebus and neighboring Mount Terror were named for warships retrofitted for use in that expedition and numerous other polar voyages.

NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

#science #space #news #nasa #EARTH OBSERVATORY

[gumnut-logic]

Five times Virgil tackled loopy family members, and one time they tackled him (Part Five)

Part One | Part Two | Part Three | Part Four | Part Five

Oh, this fic owes so much to @the-original-sineater​ @onereyofstarlight​ @gaviiadastra​ and @katblu42​ we’re almost talking shared authorship. Plotting was fun, thank you so much for all your patience and support ::hugs all of you tight::

There is one more chapter after this one and it is likely to be a doozy, but we are nearly there :D I hope you enjoy poor Scotty’s turn on this merry go round :D

-o-o-o-

Scott found out about Alan.

About the incident from Virgil’s past.

And all hell let loose.

Virgil found himself calming tempers all over the house. Scott attempted to eviscerate John for derailing reporting lines. Kayo went after Brie, which lead to Virgil actually yelling at his sister – Kayo was still recoiling from her own drugging incident and not seeing the issue clearly for what it was.

She didn’t speak to Virgil for three whole days.

That hurt.

Alan tried to stand up for Brandon. Eos even climbed into the argument by presenting previous Brandon parties into the equation. There had been at least one marijuana cookie incident about five years ago. Brandon, to his credit, was horrified and so repentant, Virgil actually began to worry about the boy’s mental health. ‘Totally Extreme’ didn’t see a new video for over a week.

Then Gordon stepped into the fray. Gordon who had seen his own far share of parties in his life, took Alan’s POV and brought up Scott’s fancy-free past along with it.

Whenever the bird fought the fish, it was loud. Out of all of them, Scott and Gordon were the most often to butt heads. Virgil ended up raising his own voice and sending them to the opposite ends of the villa.

But for Virgil, the worst was the betrayal in his big brother’s eyes when he found out about that first art exhibition. Scott and Virgil shared EVERYTHING. Or so Scott thought.

It wasn’t the disappointment; it was the worry. The fact Virgil had hit rock bottom and it hadn’t been Scott there to help him out. The fact Scott had been in the Airforce and tackling one of the hardest points in his life at the time, didn’t seem to register, and nothing either Virgil or John said seemed to be able to fix it.

Suffice it to say that the family wasn’t at its best for a while there, so it gave Virgil all the reason more to kick himself when something medically critical was missed.

The world doesn’t stop just because a family is having difficulties. Rescues kept coming in. If part of the argument process occurred high up in the Andes one day and in the middle of the Sahara Desert the next, was just a Tracy Tuesday and handled as professionally as possible.

Still hurt.

Virgil wouldn’t say he avoided Scott for the rest of that week. Hell, a good part of it was spent putting out flare ups between family members, but there was a lack of quiet time and he missed his big brother like a missing limb.

He had no doubt things would heal fast enough, but getting there sucked.

It all came to a head in Iceland of all places.

Virgil was in Mexico at the time, a little ironically doing a similar rescue in a completely different environment. Mexico had volcanoes of a different kind to Iceland, but they were still volcanoes and idiots still chose to climb them no matter how many times the geology departments of any country warned them off.

Virgil was tackling a lovely strombolian eruption versus two idiot climbers. The challenge was to first locate them and then yank them out of danger. John had been swearing since the beginning of the incident as neither he or Eos could get definite readings for reasons unknown. There would be an investigation later, however for the moment it was profanity in several different languages, some of which Virgil couldn’t even identify, but the syllables had some great rhythm.

Eventually, he was able to spot them visually, but Two took some damage in the process due to volcanic debris.

During this time, One was called out to Iceland. Being One, she was there quickly and the climbers attempting to climb Mount Virgil-could-not-pronounce, were located easily in comparison. Scott reported rescue complete about the time Virgil nabbed idiot number two off the side of his volcano.

The silence on comms was nothing unusual at that point.

Until it was.

Virgil should have seen it coming. Virgil kicked himself for not seeing it coming despite being uneasy since the notification of One deploying had flashed up on his dash.

He put it down to the unease he usually felt whenever a brother was deployed and he wasn’t there, but, of course, recent events were also in the equation and instead of checking in with his brother enroute, he didn’t.

And spent the rest of the week cursing himself.

Scott vanished off comms. One was still in Iceland exactly where his brother had parked her to load up the rescuees, which apparently had zero injuries and had asked for autographs according to John.

Virgil could guess Scott’s response to that.

But there was no response.

None at all.

Virgil dumped his idiots in Mexico City and tore off across the Atlantic.

By this time, John was frantic and on the verge of shifting Five’s orbit to chase down their eldest brother. But Thunderbird Five was still caught up with both Four in the Pacific and Three on the dark of the moon with Alan and Kayo.

Two was capable of speed all of her own. Two was ever more capable of speed with Virgil at her helm than anyone else.

He broke several of his own records by the time he flew over Reykjavik.

He would have to apologise to Iceland air control at some point.

He found One exactly where he expected to, but there was no sign of Scott.

“John, where is he?”

His answer was more swearing, this time lacking all the rhythm but sporting much more vehemence.

Virgil flew Two around the volcano, desperately attempting to sight his brother. When he finally did, he dropped his ‘bird out of the sky so fast, he melted a chunk of snowpack and sent it tumbling down the slope.

But Two was secure and he was out and running.

Scott wasn’t wearing his helmet and he was wandering apparently aimlessly through knee deep snow.

Virgil ran up behind him. “Scott!”

His brother turned slowly, a frown on his face. “Oh, hey, Virgil.”

Virgil stared. Scott was flushed and his hair plastered to his forehead. His eyes were sunken with dark patches beneath them.

He looked dead on his feet.

“Talk to me, Scott.”

His big brother blinked. “Why? You don’t want to talk to me.”

It would have had more emotional impact if Scott hadn’t wavered on his feet as he said it. Virgil grabbed at him and held him up with one hand. The other reached for his mediscanner.

“What happened?”

Scott wilted a little. “I’m hot.”

The readouts were enough for Virgil to tighten his grip on Scott’s shoulder. How was his brother even standing?

Because he’s Scott. That little voice in the back of Virgil’s head stated the obvious.

His brother had a temperature of 40.5C, he was dehydrated and likely sporting a low blood sugar level…this hadn’t happened suddenly. His brother would had to have known he wasn’t well.

But I was the only one available! The Scott in the back of his head protested ever so loudly as the Scott under his fingers suddenly folded.

He caught his big brother before he could disappear into the snow. Blue eyes looked up at him confused. “Virgil, you’re melting.”

Shit.

Coherency test.

“Scott, answer me. What is Alan’s birthday?”

His brother blinked up at him again and frowned. “Eyebrows.”

Virgil grimaced. “Thunderbird Five, Code Silver. I’m evacuating Scott to Reykjavik. Symptoms point to a flu, but I’m not taking any chances. He’s having hallucinations.”

Scott suddenly reached up and touched a finger to Virgil’s right eyebrow and started patting it. “Good boy.”

Virgil frowned and the finger drifted down the side of his face, ever so gently.

“FAB, Thunderbird Two. Reykjavik has been notified. You have air clearance. Grandma is on the line if you need her.”

“Send her all his vitals, uploading now. Are you receiving?”

“Affirmative, Thunderbird Two.”

Scott was now stroking Virgil’s hair. “Don’t worry, I’ll take care of it.”

Somewhere in another space and time, Virgil’s heart broke in two.

He scooped his brother into his arms, resting Scott’s forehead on his shoulder and holding him close. He was trembling and as Virgil touched his cheek to Scott’s forehead the heat radiating off him was as alarming as the mediscanner had warned.

Walking back to Two with his brother in his arms was heavy lifting of so many kinds. Scott was obviously hallucinating, needed fever treatment as soon as possible, and Two was so far away.

“Why didn’t you tell me?”

“What?”

“In college. You didn’t call. I would have come.”

He sighed under his breath. “You were busy. It wasn’t important.”

His brother struggled in his arms and Virgil was forced to stop, his boots stumbling. Scott struggled, attempting to get out of his grip.

“Virgil! God, Virgil. No.” And he threw himself out of Virgil’s arms.

Overbalanced and attempting to compensate for a weight that was no longer there, Virgil ended up on his ass in the snow.

It was deep, crept up over the lip of his collar and melted on hot skin.

He really should have worn his helmet.

Scott disappeared into the snow. A moment later his head popped up out of the drift he had fallen into and located Virgil. There was snow in his hair and meltwater running down his flushed cheeks.

As Virgil struggled to sit up properly, his big brother crawled on all fours through the disturbed snow until he sat right in front of him.

Virgil stared.

“You promise, you need me, you call, right?” Scott held up an admonishing finger. “I need to be there.” He frowned, blinking slowly. “It’s so hot.”

He fumbled at his baldric, reaching for the catch that would see it falling to the ground.

Virgil grabbed his hands. “Scott, no.”

Bloodshot blue eyes stared up at him, awareness drifting in an out. God, he needed to get him to Reykjavik. “We need to get you onto Two.”

That earned him a frown. “No. I’m flying One.”

As if it was a declaration of intent, Scott shot to his feet, turned towards One in the distance…and promptly fell on his face.

Virgil prayed there were no rocks under the snow as he hurried to pull his brother out of the drift. Fortunately, there were none, but Scott was now barely conscious and Virgil was ticking off other symptom possibilities if he didn’t get his brother to a hospital now.

Bundling him into his arms, Scott mumbling protests the entire way, Virgil gently shifted him into a more secure grip so he couldn’t repeat his escape attempt and began trudging through the snow back to his ‘bird.

Scott grew quieter and quieter and Virgil pushed his boots through the drift faster and faster. By the time he made it to Two, Scott was completely unconscious and Virgil’s heart was going for an Olympic medal. Rushing him to the cockpit, he unfolded a bed with the nudge of a foot and placed Scott gently on the soft surface. He ran another scan, boosted the results to Five and hurried to get some fluid into his idiot brother.

How had he not noticed this? How had Scott run himself into the ground so far? This wasn’t even a rescue injury. It was totally preventable. How the hell had he flown out here in the first place?

Goddamnit!

Strapping tape to his brother’s hand to secure the IV, Virgil found himself blinking away moisture.

This was not the time.

He could kill Scott later.

IV in place, he ran further checks making sure his brother wasn’t going to throw a cardiac or pulmonary event in the short time he needed to fly him out of here.

Satisfied, he swallowed and hurried to his pilot’s seat. Two launched with her usual grace, followed by a Five controlled One, and a moment later they were banking towards the capital city.

Virgil chewed a hole in his cheek on the way.

-o-o-o-

He was torn from a nightmare where he was yelling into an abyss and no one was hearing him. Startled awake, he nearly fell off the chair he was sitting on.

A hand steadied his shoulder and he looked up to find John standing beside him. That hand squeezed gently and those all-seeing eyes said more than words were capable.

Virgil let his shoulders drop and his body wilted with them.

“About time you woke up.” The voice was quiet and hoarse, but all Scott.

Startled again, he was relieved to see his big brother conscious. Talk about the flu from hell. His temperature had been heading towards convulsion levels and serious damage by the time Virgil dumped Two on the hospital’s helipad. He had disengaged his brother’s bed from the wall and rushed him into the hospital, John spouting translations as he went.

The building had swallowed Scott whole and Virgil had been left staggering in the waiting room. Two hours in that godforsaken white-washed hell combined with persistent nagging from Grandma over comms saw him stumbling back to Two, a shower and change of uniform, minus his heavy baldric and harness.

He returned to the waiting room if not refreshed, at least not stinking the place out.

Another hour in a plastic chair surrounded by either sick or worried people was taxing.

Eventually they ushered him into a ward where Scott had been cleaned up and attended to. There was still a flush on his cheeks, but he was resting quietly. The scanner Virgil had smuggled in agreed with his visual assessment.

Scott was stable.

Grandma was being flown in by Gordon and a returned Alan. Kayo was on point for security. John was…and somewhere between one thought and the next Virgil must have drifted off.

“Scott?”

His brother answered with a cough, but despite being a wan version of his usual self, he looked much, much better.

Virgil pulled out the mediscanner again.

“Oh god, Virg, I’m fine.”

“You will be lucky if I ever believe your estimation of your health status ever again.”

But the results agreed with him.

Virgil let out a breath.

Thank god.

Blue eyes were staring at him.

John’s hand returned to his shoulder and squeezed gently. “He’s going to be okay, Virgil.”

He forced strength into his spine as he stood up. “Good.”

A brief touch to his big brother’s hand, a tighten of fingers before he let go.

“I need to attend to Two.”

He turned and left without another word.

-o-o-o-

TBC

#thunderbirds are go #thunderbirds #thunderbirds fanfiction #Virgil Tracy #Scott Tracy #John Tracy #nuttyfic

[skyllareich]

1816, Europe experiences a year so terrible it it referred to as the “Year Without a Summer”. Choking the old world under a layer Sulphr Dioxide and ash. Harvests failed, the sun failed to pierce the clouds for months at a time, snow came in August. This was all the result of Tambora, a massive volcano in Indonesia that would birth the largest volcanic explosion in recent history, sending 150 cubic kilometres of molten rock from earth’s mantle to the surface, along with a massive amount of rock and gases.

Skyllareich has been mostly geologically passive, generally going through a bit of a calm period. This would all change. The Hesperian archipelago is a large group of island that together make up more than half of skyllareich’s landmass. These islands are located in a band stretching from pole to pole, and located along the collision of numerous tectonic plates, each boundary forcing up rock to make individual islands. The most violent of these is the boundary between the Boreal and Hesperian plates. The heavier Boreal plate is slowly being forced under the lighter Hesperian plate. A process that churns up massive pools of magma.

Along the boundary lies Gorgon, the northmost major island in the Hesperian isles, dominated by a range of high mountions in the north, genially sloping down to the sea as you move to the south. Unlike the Himalayas or Andes, the North Gorgon range is still very much active, with small Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions pock-marking the range. Every once and a while though, a large one occurs. But even these pale in comparison to what happen but a few days prior. Unleashing a massive flood of lava that covered nearly two-million square kilometres in fiery molten rock.

The ash choked the skies, coating costs a dull red, basalt covered the land, and acids poisoned the seas. Even the pockets of gas and magma left in shallow graves beneath the surface. Shown above, one such pocket blasts it’s top, as the vitriolic stained waves crash the corpse of a suffocated shark a giant the shore. The first era of skyllareich has drawn to a close, from the fuming remains of a supervolcano, the Aestuarian emerges.

#spec evo #speculative evolution #speculative zoology #speculative biology

[brynjarchaos]

I was asked: “Why do you gravitate towards the destructive force that volcanoes can do and sometimes feel helpless?”

No one had ever asked me that.

So I thought about it and wrote down my thoughts.

I started to teach myself about volcanoes because I was afraid.

When the earthquake hit Utah in March of 2020, I had convinced myself that the aftershocks would trigger a Yellowstone eruption. Something in me told me that fear was irrational and that I needed to educate myself.

I started with earthquakes. It began with tectonic plates, then fault lines, then “magnitude,” and then how seismographs work. Once I understood how and why earthquakes happened, I was no longer afraid. Instead, I was fascinated. How the ground beneath our feet constantly moves without us noticing very often was mind-blowing.

Next on the list was Yellowstone.

I learned that there are hundreds of earthquakes happening in the Yellowstone area every day. That fact itself was reassuring. Yellowstone is not technically overdue for an eruption, as many people claim. Ol’ Faithful? Every time it erupts, it releases gas and pressure from the caldera. So technically, in a small way, it’s erupting every day.

Do you know where volcanoes come from?

Tectonic plates.

I thought I had learned everything about tectonic plates while researching earthquakes. Nope.

Volcanoes are formed when there is a more resounding crack inside of a tectonic plate that leads directly to the upper earth’s mantle. It’s the same with smaller fault lines. Magma is pushed up through that crack, and when it doesn’t have a way out, a portion of that crack expands and turns into a pool of magma. That pool is called a caldera. Different fault lines form different types of volcanoes - Cinder Cone Volcanoes, Composite Volcanoes (Stratovolcanoes), and Shield Volcanoes. There are different kinds of eruptions too. The six eruption types are from least explosive to the most explosive; Icelandic, Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Pelean, and Plinian. Each of those eruptions is “rated” by what’s called the “Volcanic Explosivity Index,” or “VEI.”

I can go on and on about how volcanoes work, but that’s not the answer to your question…

What gravitates me toward volcanoes the most, I think, is how calm and beautiful they are on the surface. They look just like the regular geographical makeup of the earth that we know and love. You wouldn’t know that what you were looking at was a volcano unless someone told you so or you witnessed it’s eruption. Nature takes over. Grass and trees grow. Wildlife calls it “home.” The birds sing, and the buffalo graze. Rail falls, the wind blows, and the sun shines. All sorts of footprints are left on a volcano every day … except for the underwater volcanoes … the fish poop on those ones. They’re just a part of the Earth, right?

Until they erupt.

The magma boils and bubbles underneath. Gasses swirl. Pressure builds. The ground above rises and falls as if breathing—the earth trembles. The wildlife calling it home starts to migrate away. They sense the danger, but they don’t know why until…

Then the eruption hits. The violence depends on the type of volcano and the type of eruption. It can be soft; the lava can flow slowly, gently taking over the ground, like Kilauea and Mauna Loa. It can be catastrophic, like Vesuvius and Mt St Helens. The explosion can be powerful - the roar shaking the air, rippling through our bodies, rupturing our eardrums. The shockwave racing around the earth, taking down trees, shattering glass, and moving the water of the oceans. The ash rushing up into the sky, only to fall, hot and thick, suffocating those who breathe air, coating the ground, and burning our feet. The lava and pumice, flying through the sky, rolling down the kills, destroying everything in its path - setting fire to everything we love, crushing the dreams of what once was. Lives are taken and changed—worry and grief strike. The world feels dark.

But, only for a moment, because then…

The rain falls, washing away the ash and taming the fire. The waves calm down. The lava and pumice turn back into rock. The sun comes out. The grass and trees regrow. People and animals rebuild. The birds start to sing again. Flowers begin to grow and bloom.

Everything goes back to normal.

I am a volcano;

Full of love, kindness, patience, understanding, compassion, empathy, courage, and gratitude.

I nurture and support the life that’s around me.

I dig my toes into the dirt, standing tall while I watch over the world beneath me. My head is in the clouds while I dream big. I provide a safe place for those around me, a home.

My mind and heart are filling with emotion.

But the problem is, I don’t know how to open up. I struggle to communicate.

It’s bottled up, like a caldera.

The pressure builds.

My hands tremble. My heart races. My lungs ache. My world spins.

I can’t think. I can’t breathe. I can’t feel.

And then,

It erupts. I explode.

I scream. I cry.

Blood boiling like magma, emotions burning like lava. My words are powerful and destructive, like a shockwave. Outbursts are intense, like the waves. Pride caving in on itself.

Life around me stops.

I caused pain and suffering, even though I didn’t want to.

I grieve the person I was before the eruption.

But, only for a moment, because then…

#volcanes #volcanic #volcano #journal #journal excerpt #emotions #nature #beauty #mt st helens #chaotic wandering warrior

[boethiah]

ruthlessly cancelled online because i expressed approval for a strombolian eruption while ignoring an equally impressive phreatomagmatic eruption on the other side of the world

[bagelbyte]

Today I found out there’s a Stromboli volcano in Italy and a certain kind of minor eruption is called a Strombolian eruption

#t

[gungieblog]

In November 2013, a seafloor volcano in the western Pacific Ocean spewed enough material to rise above the water line. The new island, or Niijima, sprouted just 500 meters from Nishino-shima, another volcanic island that had last erupted and expanded in 1973–74. Four months later, the new and the old are now one island, and the volcanic eruption shows no sign of abating.

On March 30, 2014, the Operational Land Imager on the Landsat 8 satellite captured this image of Nishino-shima, which sits about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) south of Tokyo in the Ogasawara Island chain (approximately 27°14’ North, 140°52’ East). The enlarged inset photo includes a white outline depicting the extent of the new island on December 30, 2013.

The Niijima portion of the island is now larger than the original Nishino-shima, and the merged island is slightly more than 1,000 meters across. Two cones have formed around the main vents and stand more than 60 meters above sea level, triple the highest point of the island in December. Volcanic lava flows are reported to be most active now on the south end of the island. Volcanologist and blogger Erik Klemetti noted earlier in 2014: “This is a great example of how volcanic islands like this in the Bonin Islands grow over hundreds to thousands of eruptions.”

A plume of volcanic gas, steam, and ash rises from the island. Tiny particles in the plume are seeding the formation of fluffy cumulus clouds. The intermittent, pulsing shape of the cloud stream might be a reflection of the volcanic eruption itself. Strombolian explosions are essentially bubbles of lava and gas rising from Earth’s interior in pulses. Underwater, sediment appears to be stirred up in a green plume that stretches eastward from the island.

> More information

Image Credit: NASA/Earth Obsevatory/Landsat 8

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.1 (after 1930)

1932 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12. 1939 – An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94. 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers. 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang). 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised. 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations. 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data. 1953 – Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later. 1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States. 1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives. 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization. 1956 – Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee. 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia. 1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections. 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95. 1964 – Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe. 1964 – Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, killing 85. 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface. 1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria. 1971 – President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan. 1973 – Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages. 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. 1981 – Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze. 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. 1991 – Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians. 1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 1998 – Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide. 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan. 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of 800 km (500 mi) above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m. 2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security. 2005 – In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional. 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station. 2007 – Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.

#Events

[ricmlm]

Feb 6, 2024: Strombolian Eruption at Semeru Volcano, Indonesia

#youtube

[noisynutcrusade]

A rain of fire on the snow: the incredible images of Etna at three thousand meters

The images shot at over 3,000 meters on the slopes of Etna. Strombolian activity continues, intense at times, but has not yet resulted in a real paroxysm. 25/11/2023 01:30 Source link

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[khalil-chowdhury-15-1]

The Mount Etna volcano of Italy began erupting again on the island of Sicily, sending ash into the sky and raining down on the ancient port city of Catania. The eruption is sending a lava fountain into the air. The eruptive column is estimated to be about 4,500 m above sea level. Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in Europe and has been in an almost constant state of activity for the last decade. Most of the time, Etna's explosions are classed as low-level volcanic activity. This includes ash plumes, lava fountaining, and Strombolian explosions, mild blasts of magma, which are nevertheless dramatic to observe ... !

Video: The Sun

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Unrest at Anak Krakatau

Anak Krakatau is a small, unimposing volcanic island between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. However, its frequent blasts and explosions serve as a reminder of its mighty—and occasionally menacing—power.

The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured this image of a volcanic plume drifting from the volcano on December 2, 2023. It includes an infrared signal (red) that was produced by the heat of molten rock in the crater near the island’s summit.

Geologists have tallied 57 eruptive periods from this location since the beginning of the Holocene, roughly 11,700 years ago. The most recent eruptive period, which started in May 2021 and continued into December 2023, has featured frequent but generally mild Strombolian blasts of volcanic gases and ash particles. Materials ejected from the volcano’s vent are typically lofted a few hundred meters above the summit, and small lava flows occasionally drain down the island's flanks and into the sea.

Beginning on November 26, 2023, geologists with the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation began to report more intense explosions, with plumes of volcanic material rising up to 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) above the vent. Given the heightened unrest, the center has warned the public to stay at least 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the crater. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Darwin, Australia, also issued multiple warnings to the aviation community of elevated risks of ash in the area.

The volcano is infamous for producing an explosive eruption and powerful tsunami in 1883 that proved to be one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in modern history. The blast obliterated the island of Krakatau, but fifty years later a new island—Anak Krakatau (meaning “child of Krakatau” in Indonesian)—emerged from the sea. As recently as December 2018, hundreds of people died and thousands were injured on Java and Sumatra after part of Anak Krakatau’s southwestern flank collapsed and produced a tsunami after a particularly powerful eruption.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Adam Voiland.

#science #space #news #nasa #earth observatory

[importanttigercreation]

Welcome to the news channel of the Angry Nature, Today we will tell you about Sangay volcano,Ecuador, Erta ale volcano 👇 https://youtu.be/CACqNi-rvcw Explosive activity continues.Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200. Sangay is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador. It exhibits mostly strombolian activity. Geologically, Sangay marks the southern boundary of the Northern Volcanic Zone, and its position straddling two major pieces of crust accounts for its high level of activity. Sangay is one of the world's most active volcanoes. It is located in the eastern cordillera of Ecuador. Large eruptions at the volcano consists of Strombolian activity, ashfall, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars. During an eruption in 1628, ash fell at Riobamba, 50 km NW of the volcano. #sangay_volcano #ecuador_volcano #angry_nature #sangay_eruption #sangay_explosion #sangay_erupting #sangay #ecuador #explosion #volcano_eruption _______________________________ The channel lists such natural disasters as: 1) Geological emergencies: #earthquake  #volcanic_eruption  mudflow, #landslide landfall, avalanche; 2) Hydrological emergencies:  #flash_flood #tsunami  Limnological catastrophe, floods, flooding; 3) Fires: Forest fire, Peat fire, Glass Fire, Wildfire; 4) Meteorological emergencies: #tornado, ATTENTION: All videos are taken from open sources. The selection is based on publication date, title, description, and venue. Sometimes, due to unfair posting of news on social networks, the video may contain frames that do not correspond to the date and place. It is not always possible to check all videos. We apologize for any errors! Thank you for watching, don't forget to subscribe our channel, We Wish you good Weather,

#IFTTT #YouTube