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#basch just make a side account!!
captainbasch · 1 year
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Kay Lindo! Sky pirate, terrible flirt, absolute disaster.
I've had Kay for a while now but I just took some pics so now you have to see him.
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tarnishedxknight · 5 months
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2. How did you get into this franchise/fandom? 3. What's the best thing about the show/series/books/comics/etc.? 4. What's the worst thing about the show/series/books/comics/etc.? 14. Are there some characters from the franchise you can't stand? 19. If you could sum up your character with one sentence, what would it be? ((for all of them!)) 20. Which song do you feel describes your character the most and why?
{out of dalmasca} Alrighty, here we go! XD Under the cut for length.
2. How did you get into this franchise/fandom?
Well, I'm ridiculously old (I turn 43 next week, dear gods how did I get this old?!), so I got into the Final Fantasy franchise in general back in 1994 with FFVI, which was essentially a later reboot of FFIII that had originally been released in 1990. From there I played FFVIII and loved it, played FFIX and hated it, then I adored FFX, and then FFXII is my favorite one to date. I started playing FF games mostly because my friends were at the time, and then later on my (now ex-)boyfriend was playing them, but I tended to like different games than he did (his favorite was FFVII and I never got very far into that one).
As far as getting into the FFXII fandom, I basically just loved FFX so much that I figured I'd buy the next single-player FF game that came out, expecting the quality to be the same. It... was better, heh. So I'd already been loving FF games and a lot of other RPGs at the time and it sounded right up my alley. Once I got a decent way through the game, I absolutely fell in love with Basch/Noah, Balthier/Fran, Larsa, and several others, so I guess at that point I decided to immerse myself in the fandom. I got very into the sound track and started looking up information about the game and the Japanese manga after hearing that the original game had been altered and chopped up to make Vaan/Penelo the protagonist instead of Basch/Noah. So after that I got very much into reading any and all information I could find about Basch and Noah's background and history that wasn't included or was edited out of the final version of the game. It wasn't until very recently that I decided to start rping in the fandom on this site.
3. What's the best thing about the show/series/books/comics/etc.?
Oh, I can't pick just one, are you kidding me? XD The music is beautiful, the art style is gorgeous, the world is detailed and expansive, the voice acting is top notch, and the gameplay is genuinely fun. But I guess what I love the most is the story and characters. The story is so complex, detailed, and intriguing, and the characters are nuanced, engaging, and you really cared about their problems/plights/goals. The game holds your interest and makes you not only want to play it to pass time or just for the sake of playing a game, but also to advance the story and find out what happens to all these interconnected people.
4. What's the worst thing about the show/series/books/comics/etc.?
The butcher job they did on it. Because they suddenly thought that nobody wanted to see an angsty middle-aged man as a protagonist, it was changed from Basch to Vaan. Vaan... is a grating, whiny, obnoxious teenager that 95% of the fandom hates. His and his friend Penelo's story was kindof thrown in as an afterthought to "fix" a problem that didn't exist and change the protagonist. The problem with that is... it's supposed to be the main plot but it feels like an afterthought. Which then destabilized the whole plot as far as where the player is supposed to be focusing their attention. The more interesting plots become side plots, and this Vaan and Penelo thing gets forced on you when you really just don't care.
Also, because they did this, they removed an entire chunk of game from the middle-end of it because it was largely dealing with Basch and Noah. When they did this, they didn't carefully edit the last act of the game to account for the omission. So the last act refers to things that were removed or has things that don't match up and feel like continuity errors because the things they referred to or previous events that lead to later ones were omitted without explanation. It's so obvious that the game was mangled, and it's just a crying shame. If they had left it alone, it would have been amazing.
14. Are there some characters from the franchise you can't stand?
VAAN. Vaan. Vaan. It's Vaan. I can't stand Vaan. Penelo isn't half as bad, but she's not good either. She's just... there. But both of them I dislike for OOC reasons. Vaan is irritating and uninteresting. Penelo is one-dimensional and boring. That's just the fault of bad writing and editing. Now... Vayne... I also hate, but that's for IC reasons. The man is a narcissistic sociopath, an adroit liar, and an arrogant, smug asshole. I also have never been able to stand Vossler. He's... He gives off skeevy creep vibes and I just can't listen to him for too long, heh.
19. If you could sum up your character with one sentence, what would it be? ((for all of them!))
Haha okay get ready for some long-ass sentences. XD
Basch is a walking oxymoron of a selfless, gentle, and kind man and a battle-hardened knight and general who gives freely of himself to support, uplift, motivate, and protect those around him as he navigates the brutal war that destroyed his homeland with an inspiring amount of hope for the future.
Ashelia is a spirited and opinionated young princess who overcomes her biased, sexist, sheltered, and privileged upbringing to gain humility and perspective, become a champion for her people, and help bring about lasting peace for her kingdom while learning to set aside personal grudges and her own fierce pride.
Noah is a resilient and tenacious survivor who, despite feeling and being told he is lesser and harboring a deep and lifelong anger towards his brother, gave his life in every way possible to bring about stability and peace within a brutal empire and end the war that destroyed his homeland and his peace of mind.
20. Which song do you feel describes your character the most and why?
You all are probably tired of hearing about these songs on this blog by now, but here we go, haha:
Basch: "Broken" by Sonata Arctica
So I just realized that the fanvid of Basch that someone made to this song that I've loved for years now has been taken down from YouTube, so that makes me sad. That vid was really well done. But anyway, "Broken" will forever be my theme song for Basch. It does have the focus of him pining for Ashe but it's so much more than that. Every time I hear it, I think of him, heh.
"I was raised from a broken seed. I grew up to be an unwanted weed." Those lyrics make me think of him being a twin without his twin, a broken seed, but also "seed" is sometimes used to describe a person's personality or morality, such as being a "bad seed." If Basch is a "broken seed," then there's something inherently wrong with him, and there always has been, right from the start, which is how he views himself. Later lyrics "A little broken, always been," reinforce that idea. And being an "unwanted weed" makes me think of him being displaced from Landis. A landless person struggling to fit in elsewhere. Even in Dalmasca, a land he loved and considered his home, he was still a foreigner, a "weed."
"Held a torch for you when lightning struck me" makes me think of him trying to protect Ashe and even her father, or anyone else he tried to shield, not caring if he's hurt as long as his charge is safe. "Once again, hoped I'd died for the last time," makes me think of how tiring it must be to keep giving of himself and to be that shield for others, and every time he's put in that situation, he hopes it's the last. But of course it never is.
"Only one, I have a thing greater than you. A little light on the sky, every night." His "only one" is Ashe, and as much as he loves her, there's something that's even stronger inside him than that love, and that's this "light on the sky," a guiding star "every night," which I interpret as Basch's undying and unshakable hope that he always walks around with.
"Morning dew on the field where I met you. I was frozen a year, couldn't get through." I mean, he was imprisoned for two years, not one, but close enough, haha. But yeah this makes me think of him being stuck in prison and not being able to get to her to protect her and guide her to the Stillshrine as her father asked him to do.
"Fell in love with the weakness within me. Tried to force me the ring and own me. Guess you found what you'd think would oblige me, a little version of me to consume you." So... the "weakness" is his love for Ashe, and "force me the ring" makes me think of how his feelings for her first began when he saw her married to Rasler and realized that he felt sadness and a little jealousy for the first time. So "the ring," or her marriage is an unwanted thing that's being forced upon him to accept, he has no choice but to watch her be married to someone else. The "little version of me to consume you," makes me think of how Ashelia took Basch for granted a lot, just assumed he'd always be there, and related to him as she always had, with limited information about who he really was because he didn't talk about it. So it was like... she had her own idea of who he was that she "loved" in her own way, and Basch feels like that has to suffice, like that has to be enough for him, even though it isn't.
"I'd give my everything to you, follow you through the Garden of Oblivion." I mean, the first part speaks for itself, and the "Garden of Oblivion... the person who made the fanvid put a clip of Giruvegan here, and that's perfect. Giruvegan was this really weird, ethereal, trippy place that was like on the edge of reality, and Basch literally did follow Ashe there, heh, so that fits really well.
"If only I could tell you everything, the little things you'll never dare to ask me." So this could be about his love for her, but I always headcanoned that Ashe wanted to know more about Basch, his past, his family, Landis, etc. and Basch really just never spoke about much of it to her. That's why she never knew of Noah's existence until after her father's assassination.
"How can you love this exile? And how can I desire you when my pain is my pain, and yours is too?" I mean... Ashelia literally was in "exile" or hiding at least for two years and continued to be until she got knee deep in winning back her throne. But also, the idea of Basch taking on the pain of others that he loves is a big theme with him. If he loves you, then your problems, your traumas, your losses, your pain... becomes his, because he will care about them to the same degree that he does his own.
"Seven lives of a man pass before me. Seven graves, one for every love I've had," really fits for Basch because throughout his life, he has lost the people he loves. It seems to keep happening to him and around him, and yet he keeps living on. I feel like sometimes he wonders why. "Only once I have broken my so-called heart. Only one made me see why they cry." Well that is obviously about Ashe, heh. I always headcanoned that, because Basch was so closed off and never had a family of his own, that he'd never been with a woman. So everything he knew about women he heard from other knights and soldiers. This line to me makes me think about him hearing from others about broken hearts and failed relationships, and Ashe is his only experience with that in his own life.
"Will I learn how to be one of you someday? Will I still feel the eyes that behold me?" makes me think about Basch wanting to fit in, to be loved, to be Dalmascan, but he's just... not. And feeling eyes on him is a big theme for his character throughout the game. He's judged, slandered, hated, and mocked everywhere he goes because of the false understanding the masses have that he murdered King Raminas. So he's gone from being beloved, trusted, and respected to being a complete social pariah.
"Will I hear what you think when you see me? And will it tear me apart if you feel for me?" is again about Ashe, heh. He keeps his love for her silent. Completely. There are moments in the game (I can think of at least three or four) where he watches Ashe from behind or the side when she's looking elsewhere, and he just... considers her silently with this gentle reverence. But he never tells her how he feels in canon until Fortress, the sequel that never happened. Finally in the storyboards for that unfinished game, Basch confessed to Ashe that he loved her, some ten years after the end of the FFXII main game. So that line to me embodies this silent and distant way he loves her, both because he's a closed off person but also because he feels his love for her is wrong in several ways. And if she were ever to reciprocate his feelings, he wonders if it would tear him apart, which I translate into... he wouldn't even know what to do with her love if he had it because it's something he does not ever expect to have and has never even considered the possibility of it existing. It would be a good thing, but it would also shock him considerably.
I could go on and do the whole song but I won't, haha. But almost all of it is just so perfect. I'll end with, "Heaven's closed, Hell sold out, so I walk on Earth, behind the curtain, hidden from everyone, until I find a new life to ruin again." This is about Basch existing in this in-between of society, coming from a destroyed homeland and now dealing with the next homeland potentially being destroyed as well, and coming from being a respected knight to a "kingslayer" whose name is despised throughout Ivalice. He walks around in this state of feeling like he ruins everything he touches, moving from life to life, ruining them as he goes, somewhere in between heaven and hell.
Ashelia: "Cry No More" by Vaults
To me, this song embodies Ashe's growth as a character and what her coming-of-age arc is all about, and that's why it's my #1 theme song for her. This song for me is about Ashelia transitioning from princess to queen, from civilian to warrior, and from victim to survivor. The lyrics "I don't wanna cry no more. I don't wanna die a little more every day," reminds me of how she was born in war, grew up in war, and all she knows is life from the perspective of her, her family, and her kingdom being under threat from war. And she's tired of it. She's tired of crying and dying inside at every loss and setback and injustice. She doesn't want to cry anymore or be passive, she wants to take action, for her and her kingdom.
The chorus is meaningful as well. "To pull yourself from harm. To be the braver one. To raise a weary hand in a house that's built on sand. To wear it like a crown. To kick before you drown. To fight it, and to cry no more." This is about her fighting back and owning it instead of being a victim. She's not letting life happen to her anymore, she's making it happen, and she chooses to fight back and do something before she "drowns." It's also about her becoming the leader Dalmasca needs instead of a child whose life is dictated for her.
The "house that's built on sand" is just too perfect because Dalmasca is a desert country, but also to me, being built on sand means its unstable. It could collapse at any time, figuratively and literally. So in this uncertainty and instability, she's choosing to make a stand.
"To wear it like a crown" is also relevant, as Ashe's story is really about her quest for the throne of Dalmasca, both figuratively and literally. She wants to sit on that throne and wear that crown and become queen, but she also has to grow as a person and earn that honor before she can be the queen her people need.
"Will I be the warrior? Or will the axe shine clean? Steely-eyed, your blood'll burn. I will save our lives." That to me is about determination, fierceness, and tenacity. It's about her making the choice to move from being a sheltered princess who was never permitted to see or engage in the war around her, to becoming a warrior herself, and again that ownership of the leader she is becoming and that her people need. Before her husband and father died, she was basically meant to be shuffled from one man (her dad) to another (her husband) and to take this passive backseat in her own country's fate, as decided for her by others. Here she's asking herself, am I going to stick to that life or am I going to become a warrior myself? And her choice is that she's going to fight back and save Dalmasca.
Noah: "Heavy Is The Crown" by Daughtry
First of all, let me say that Chris Daughtry has an absolutely amazing voice, and his edgy, growling, yelling style has the exact energy that I feel from Noah quite regularly when I write him. He's also got an edgy, nonchalant, alpha-male sort of style to his singing, and that matches Noah too. So it's not only the lyrics of this song that fit him, but the feel and passion as well. If you watch the video, Chris' whole vibe matches Noah's energy for me so well.
Alright, so Noah was never a king and didn't wear a literal crown, but the idea of the phrase "heavy is the head that wears the crown" really has to do with leaders bearing a ton of responsibility, having a lot of problems, being in a lot of danger, and having a lot to worry about. Their burden is great. As the sort of unspoken leader of the Judge Magisters and the one whose example kept others from rebelling and potentially destabilizing the Archadian Empire, Noah as Gabranth really did wear a heavy "crown." He's constantly aware of his precarious political and military position and who/what he's keeping at bay and why, and it's no small burden to him. But it's one that he has worked hard for, bears with no small amount of tenacity, and will defend to his grave.
"Never needed any reason to find deliverance." This for me is about never needing to explain himself or to try to escape his past. Instead, he embraces the pain and trauma his past has given him and uses it to fuel him. "Like a cancer running through my veins, oh... it's never gonna give in," could be more literally about the nethicite poisoning he acquired as a boy, or it could be more figuratively about the abuse he suffered and how it will always stick with him wherever he goes.
"See them march like lambs to the slaughter. Toy soldiers, line up on the altar. I was never meant to drink that water. They'll remember me when I'm underground." This is him saying he's not just going to be another statistic or a face in the crowd. He's not going to fall in line and be forgotten to history after he's "underground," meaning dead. He was "never meant to drink that water," he was meant for something more. He was meant to lead, not to follow. This is about Noah wanting to acknowledge what shaped him but then wanting to rise above it and to become someone important. He wants to make something of himself that will be remembered.
"Heavy is the crown. Never falter, never let 'em bleed you out. I'll be still standing when they try to bring my castle down. I'll never bow down." Now, some might say well, he did bow to Vayne when he killed Drace. Yes? Outwardly? But that was a calculated move for the higher purpose of keeping stability in the empire, not because he was subservient to Vayne. And he does challenge Vayne at the end of the game to protect Larsa. But regardless, this chorus to me is just about Noah's tenacity to survive and not be a victim anymore. He will never bow down, he's gonna go out fighting. And he did in the game. But it's also about the phrase "never let 'em see ya sweat," heh. Basically, that means... no matter how much someone gets to you, how much things bother you, or how bad you feel... project strength and push through. Persevere. Don't let them catch you faltering. And he had to do a great deal of that as Judge Magister in the face of challenges from his peers.
"When the weight of the world crashes, pushing you closer to the edge, you find a way to get a little bit stronger, to fight off the demons." If this isn't Noah to a T, haha. He's constantly on "the edge," especially my version of him is. I write him perhaps a bit more emotionally volatile than canon or than other people's interpretations. He keeps it together where and when he needs to, but in private, he falls apart. He has to, because he's got to release that stress. With Basch in the game, that stress came to the forefront, and his usual outward composure really slipped, but other than with him, Noah usually kept a close guard of his emotions. But that doesn't mean he still didn't feel crushed by the weight of everything, it just means that instead of letting it crush him fully, he uses that pressure to make himself stronger. Diamonds from coal, right? XD
But one last important line for Noah is, "Everything will fade away. Nothing in this world is meant to stay." Even in the game itself, Noah was always keenly aware of the passage of time around him, the loss of life, the impermanency of power and title, of war and peace. Everything is always in flux, and nothing and no one lasts forever. Having lost so much, no one understands that better than Noah.
His building of this persona for himself, this "crown" that he wears... it's not for himself. Sure, he has something he needs to prove to himself, or maybe to Basch, or to life in general... and that's just that he's a survivor that won't be cast aside or beaten down. But beyond that, the power that Noah amasses is not for himself. It's not so that he can usurp the throne or amass his own empire or conquer other lands or anything like that. All the power he accumulates is so that he can protect Larsa, whom he sees as the future of the empire, and therefore to do his part in orchestrating an end to the war. He knows he will not live to see the end of the war. He knows he won't get to reap the benefits of his hard work and power. And that's fine, he doesn't need to. Everything he does is for the future of Ivalice, not for himself. With, of course, the exception of his outbursts to Basch, haha.
This all got SO LOOOOONG, I'm sorry! But thank you for sending these in, they were a lot of fun to answer! ^_^
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☆ Rules & Information ☆
This is a blog dedicated to doing imagines surrounding my original human au. Here’s a description for each character's place in the au and rules for requests — I’ll be adding more characters as I get more comfortable writing for them.
*I did change the names of some characters so that they would reflect the countries they come from
*Also: this shit long, so strap in and get ready
☆Rules for Imagines☆
I’ll do imagines, or a bullet point list of up to 6 characters at one time, or a written scenario for up to 3 characters
I’ll also do nyos and genderbends of each character (ngl, I simp after nyo!America), their placement in the au won't change.
I include South Italy and Prussia in the axis, and Canada in the Allies
I’ll write fluff, smut, angst, and everything in between
I absolutely won’t write: incest, explicit sexual assault or excessive gore
The only time I will do romantic/sexual imagines for the characters who canonically have the physical appearance of people under 18 is if you explicitly state that you want them aged up, or if the reader is also underage. If you request adult x minor, I will discard your ask & invert your rib cage.
☆Rules for Matchups☆ 
Before submitting, check if they’re open or not, they won’t always be due to not wanting my page cluttered with them
When requesting, include personality, interests, dislikes, any pets you have, fun facts about yourself, and possibly clothing style
Don’t bother to include physical features as those will not be taken into account when pairing you up with someone
Include whether you want the matchup to be romantic, platonic, or one of each
☆Character Au Placements☆
North America
America | Alfred Jones, age 19
A young man that's cheerful and strong, with a strong sense of justice. He often can't read situations and has a habit of ruining the mood, whatever mood that may be. While he’s usually labeled as “incompetent”, he’s attending college (or university, depending where you’re from) to obtain a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. He plays as the pitcher on his college’s baseball team, able to throw a devastating fastball. He lives in a two bedroom apartment with his twin brother, Matthew. He had a crush on Amelia Earhart when he was younger, and it’s something that Matthew teases him about on a weekly basis. 
Canada | Matthew Williams, age 19
On the surface, he's an easygoing, softhearted and gentle young man, around his twin brother and close friends, however, he can be quite sassy, nearly bordering on rude on occasion. He's in his first year of college for a degree in statistics. For the college, he plays as the Center on the hockey team, where he lets out steam on his opponents. He has a pure white rag-doll cat named Kumajirou that follows him around his and Alfred's apartment. He curses regularly in french. 
United Kingdom 
England | Arthur Kirkland, age 23
He's either a quick-witted, sarcastic and stubborn man, or the paragon of a perfect gentleman. He enjoys reading, writing (although he doesn’t show anyone his stories), and embroidering. He’s gotten so skillful at it, that he has a well-traversed Etsy shop. He’s currently in his last year of getting his Postsecondary Education degree and a minor in linguistics. When he was a teenager, he was a delinquent, going to loud concerts, fighting, dyeing his hair wild colors, and smoking. While he says he’s over it, he still keeps various CDs of OK Go and The Rolling Stones, as well as band t-shirts. It’s something that his 3 older brothers refuse to let go of.
Baltic
Estonia | Eduard von Bock, Age 19
He's a graduated honors student who has avoided many problems with wit. Usually in front of people he acts calm, logical, and businessman-like, but in private he’s actually pretty chill, albeit a bit quiet. He’s awesome with technology, and works part-time at his college as an IT advisor while he studies to get his Quality Control & Safety Technologies degree.
Latvia | Raivis Galante, age 15
He’s a boy who has been through quite a bit, making him an introvert, easily intimidated, and kind of a crybaby. He’s in his first year of high school, but due to him having an anxiety disorder, he does it digitally. The only problem is that he strives to have friends who are close to him and care for him unconditionally. He secretly likes to read cutesy romance novels from the young adult section.
Lithuania | Toris Laurinaitis, age 19
He's a patient, shy, and gentle person who has the ability to become pretty serious when he needs to be. He works as a librarian assistant while he decides between a degree in social work or education. He, unfortunately, usually over-thinks his decisions too much, causing him to have anxiety attacks. When he’s not working, he’s typically just dragged around by his close friend, Feliks, but he has a good time nonetheless.
Nordic
Denmark | Mathias Køhler, age, 19
He’s a genuine sweetheart who often accidentally always yells. While he is kind, he’s also a bit thick-headed, although he always has the best of intentions. He considers himself to be very close to his friends, especially to Lukas, although the other man’s opinion on the matter is about the opposite. He attends college for a master’s degree in, surprisingly enough, Business Administration. When he isn’t studying, he enjoys clinging to his friends and drinking. He has the habit of playing online video games with Alfred and Gilbert for way too long at a given time. He also gets oddly competitive over his degree with Tino. 
Finland | Tino Väinämöinen, Aged 20
He's a gentle, cheery young man with a tendency to like the more simplistic things in life. He seems very mature, yet can be childlike. He loves relaxing in saunas, especially with his close friends. He has a small Maltese pup named Hanatamago who attends dog shows. When he’s not attending dog shows, he does online college for a masters in Medical Assisting. 
Iceland | Emil Steilsson, age 17
He’s a mysterious boy with a cool exterior and a hot interior, being a bit easy to provoke with teasing. His older half-brother often insists that he was ‘born in his emo phase’. He taught his pet puffin (geniously named Mr. Puffin) a lot of profanity in Icelandic, Norwegian, and English. He attends high school, which he is absolutely over. On a side note, even though Lukas is his half-brother, he often refuses to have any connection to him whatsoever in public. 
Norway | Lukas Bondevik , age 18
He is, like his half-brother, very introverted. However, he is considerably more cold to strangers, but to his close friends, he can (sometimes) be very sweet. He just recently finished highschool, but intends on going straight into college for an Applied Data Science degree. He practices Modern Paganism, or Wicca, as his religion. 
Sweden | Berwald Oxenstierna, Aged 21
He’s a guy with an intimidating air who doesn’t talk much. On the inside he’s playful, but it doesn’t show at all and he just seems intimidating. He works as a carpenter after he went to a trade high school, a job that he greatly enjoys. Other than that, he likes decorative arts and being a part of debates on his free time. While he can create furniture out of wood scraps without any blueprints, he can’t put together IKEA furniture to save his life. 
Eastern Europe
Belarus | Natalia Arlovskaya, age 19
While she can be extremely possessive over her older brother and sister, she means well. She openly looks up to both of them, as they are the only two people in her life that have remained constants. She lives with both of them in a house and works part-time at her sister’s flower shop. She’s also a part-time online student with a pursuit of a criminology degree.
Russia | Ivan Braginski, age 21
He has the simplicity of a country bumpkin, an easy-going personality, and the cruelty of a child, all mixed together. Coupled with his personality traits and the fact that he’s well over 6 feet tall, he constantly (and accidentally) gives off an intimidating air. He attends college for a Avionics Technology bachelor's degree. Deep down, he’s incredibly passionate about ballet, more specifically Russian ballet, his favorite being Don Quixote, with Sleeping Beauty as a close second.
Ukraine | Katyusha Braginskaya, age 24
Ivan and Natalia’s older sister who always recklessly gets dragged into their messes. She's an absolute sweetheart who strives to make the people around her happy, even at her own expense. She can be very emotional. She owns a flower shop where she let’s her younger siblings work part-time while they go to school.
Central Europe
Germany | Ludwig Beilschmidt, age 20
He's a young man with an overly serious personality and a pessimistic nature. He's very by-the-book and has a pet peeve for a lack of cleanliness. He attends college for mechanical engineering and dorms with Feliciano and Kiku. His older brother, Gilbert, regularly breaks in and hangs out with them. His hobbies are reading, making sweets and taking walks with his dogs (that live with Gilbert). He’s in a garage band with the three aforementioned guys. He does, however, want to be a soldier like the other members in his family. Unfortunately, due to an injury to his leg that he sustained as a kid, he can’t. 
Hungary | Elizabeta Héderváry, age 26
She’s a sweet, reliable woman with a bit of a boyish streak. For a career, she works doing maintenance on a farm that belongs to a close friend, Basch (Switzerland). In her free time, she likes riding horses, going hiking and practicing instruments, one of which is the tekerőlant. She has a young child, Julian (Kugelmugel), from a previous relationship with her ex fiance, Roderich (Austria). Thankfully, things are civil between the two.
Liechtenstein | Lili Zwingli, age 15
She’s the darling, adoptive younger sister of Basch (Switzerland). She has a big heart and helps out on her brother’s farm wherever she can, and because she spends so much time on the farm, she’s gotten decently close to Elizabeta. She enjoys feeding, brushing, and cuddling her two angora rabbits on her free time, as well as knitting. Sometimes she’ll submit her bunnies to be participants in rabbit shows (Cocoa has 1 and Cinna-bun has 3).
Poland | Feliks Łukasiewicz, age 19
He has a fierce anxiety towards strangers, and upon a first meeting, he'll act very shy. Once he gets used to someone, he'll act goofy and a bit childish, clinging onto his closest friends. He attends college for a degree in fashion design and marketing. He is also very opinionated. He often drags his friends to Francis’ patisserie for cute aesthetic pictures. 
Prussia | Gilbert Beilschmidt, age 24
He comes off as rude, loud and self-centered, but he’s actually incredibly sweet and loyal almost to a fault. He’s catholic and takes his religion seriously to the point of keeping a cross necklace with him nearly all the time. While he wanted to join the army like the rest of his family, his albinism keeps him from being able to. Because of this, many members of the family see him as the Family Disappointment™, causing a strain between him and them. Unrelated, but when Ludwig lived with him, he caught Gilbert trying to play all three parts of Suite en trio, Op. 59: I. Serenade by himself with all three instruments at 2 in the morning.
Switzerland | Basch Zwingli, age 25
He’s an intimidating man with a soft heart. He owns a farm that has been in his family for generations, and it’s a job that he’s greatly proud of and fiercely protective over. He has technically adopted Lili as a daughter, but they both view each other as siblings. Regardless, Francis has still referred to him as a DILF before. He doesn’t understand what it means, and Elizabeta has assured him that he doesn't want to. On a more pure note, he enjoys attending rabbit shows whenever there’s any in the area, and has encouraged Lili to participate in them with hers.
Africa
Seychelles | Veronique Bonnefoy, age 17
She’s a southern country girl with a big heart. She's a bit sloppy and has the tendency to laze around when the weather gets warmer. She often laments over her being lonely to her friends, especially to Alfred and Matthew. She enjoys cooking, singing, and dancing. She takes after her brother figure (technically adoptive father), Francis, being a bit of a romantic herself. She’s in her senior year of high school, and is excited to be done with it. Once she ate pizza rolls in front of Francis and he almost cried. 
Asia
China | Yao Wang, age 19
He’s a (mostly) easy-going person, if not a bit of a hermit. He works as a waiter currently, but attends several courses in hopes of getting his food-handlers permit to, one day, open his own authentic Chinese food restaurant. He lives with his 5 other siblings, all of which jokingly refer to him as “grandpa” due to how often he complains about back pain and makes acupuncture appointments every 2 weeks. When his 6th sibling, Kiku, moved out for college, he was pretty salty. In his free time, he mostly plays Mahjong the practices the Érhù. He’s unabashedly likes and collects cute things such as small charms and plushies.
Japan | Kiku Honda, age 19
While, at first glance, he seems quiet and serious, he can actually be quite goofy and irresponsible with his money, buying anime memorabilia and American comic books. It’s something that one of his roommates, Ludwig, lectures him about quite a bit. His other roommate, Feliciano, sees nothing wrong with it. He attends college for a degree in animation. He enjoys messing with machines and drawing.
South Korea | Im Yong Soo, age 16
He’s a hyperactive young man with strong aspirations when it comes to schooling. He shows the upmost respect to strangers and his elders alike, but when he’s around friends and immediate family he tends to be more loud and silly. He’s currently knee deep in the K-pop wave sweeping the world and practices idol dances on tiktok. 
Taiwan | Mei Xiao, age 18
She is a strong-willed, fashionable young woman, but she's also said to have become more of a nervous type in recent times, unable to stop worrying. She has the tendency to be a bit smart-mouthed with a somewhat quick temper. Other than that, she has a sweet and cheerful disposition. She lives with all of her siblings (China, Japan, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Korea, and Thailand) and works as a hostess as a restaurant while she takes a break from schooling. 
Mediterranean
France | Francis Bonnefoy, age 24
He's someone who does things at his own pace and has an abundance of affectionate expressions for friends, family, and strangers alike. He owns his own patisserie which has become increasingly popular as a spot for dates and hipsters to eat cute, artfully made sweets and drink aesthetically pleasing coffees and teas. He loves culture and the arts, as well as paintings and clothing.
North Italy | Feliciano Vargas, age 20
He's a cheerful guy who can be a little bit of a crybaby. While he relies on his friends a lot, he deeply cares for them. He's attending college for a fine arts degree where he shares a dorm room with Ludwig and Kiku. He enjoys painting, singing and designing clothes. Also, while only a few people know this, he can play both acoustic and electric guitar. He’s in a garage band with Ludwig, Kiku, and Gilbert
South Italy | Lovino Vargas, age 22
He constantly starts arguments and fights, however he’s also a bit of a coward. He has the ability to be hardworking, but often doesn’t out of laziness. While he’ll never admit it, he’s quite the hopeless romantic, striving to find someone who will love him despite his flaws. He’s in college to obtain a bachelor's in agricultural studies with a minor in history, but absolutely refused to share a dorm with his younger brother, who he often teases about choosing to get a ‘useless art degree.’ He enjoys gardening, dancing, and playing the acoustic guitar in his free time. He also likes sketching, but due to feeling insecure, he never shows people his work, or even tells them that he does it.
Spain | Antonio Fernandez Carriedo, age 24
While he can be oblivious and even insensitive, he’s a generally friendly person with a cheerful deposition. He works as a bartender in a decently popular bar in the downtown of his city that’s within walking distance of his house. When he’s not working, he enjoys playing the flamenco guitar and practicing dancing. Since he’s very sociable, before work, he typically stops by Francis’ pastry shop to talk to him as he closes up.
Also, did you know that, in canon, Feliciano can play electric guitar and Ludwig can play the drums?? What I’m saying is: punk garage band w/ Kiku on vocals. Thank you for coming to my TEDtalk.  
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Text
APH Switzerland Headcanons
🇨🇭HAPPY BIRTHDAY BASCH ZWINGLI!🇨🇭
🇨🇭He softens up considerably when he’s taking care of his goats. Obviously he doesn’t do “baby talk” to them (ex. “Oh you’re suuuch a good boy, aren’t you, aren’t you” in that voice) but he does talk to them like they’re real people with (often very stubborn) personalities. He loves them dearly, even if it’s not entirely obvious.
🇨🇭Grammatically correct texts, which ends up making his texts super long because everything is a complete sentence. However, he really only texts Liechtenstein, so the time he wastes typing things out isn’t a big deal.
🇨🇭Sometimes he worries that he’s too grumpy, but then he’ll try to interact with literally anyone and he’s like “nah, I’m good”
🇨🇭He often relishes being able to do manual work. Yes, he’s a banking country, and he’s quite adept with numbers and accounting (although he tries not to reveal that to people), but he likes the feeling of doing physical stuff. This is partially why he likes taking care of his goats; he is using his body and he is using his hands to move hay, to shovel waste, to do physical labor, and he finds something satisfying in that.
🇨🇭He’s quite strong as well and rather sturdily built. Don’t underestimate him in a fight just because he’s short; he will beat you up.
🇨🇭He sends texts to Liechtenstein and his s/o if he had one, typed letters (which he thinks are a more sentimental form of communication next to texting) and emails to nation personifications he contacts regularly and has a casual friend relationship with, and stiff, professional sounding emails to everybody else so they don’t have an excuse for why they didn’t answer him back (for business partners, his tone is considerably friendlier).
🇨🇭He’s very smart; well read, good at math (fast and accurate in his calculations), knows way more languages than he should, and is sort of a jack-of-all-trades handyman. Give him a machine and he’ll be able to figure out how it works, as long as it’s not a lawnmower.
🇨🇭Re: above, he gets the hang of things quickly but most of his skills are due to his hard work at mastering them and not because he’s innately clever or a genius or something; he just tends to apply himself to a task so thoroughly he’s beyond proficient in a short time.
🇨🇭He admires a lot of things about Liechtenstein because she is all the things he is not: she is bright and sunny, cheerful, easygoing, and never hides what she’s truly feeling or thinking. Even though he thinks she trusts too easily sometimes and worries about her faults a lot, he likes that she’s a different person than him; he knows that his personality is rather off putting and prickly and likes that she’s not taking after him too much.
🇨🇭He’s content with his personality. He knows that he’s prickly, stubborn, temperamental, and gives out insults more than compliments, but he doesn’t feel trapped by his facade; he doesn’t need to let everybody know what is underneath (aka his soft side) and he’s ok with that. Having just a few people know everything about him is fine for Switzerland.
🇨🇭He gets along with the female nations better than the guys; the first reason for this is because Liechtenstein is friends with most of them and he knows them better through her. The second reason is because he thinks all the guys are airheaded and at least the girls have some level of common sense in each of them. Some of them (Belarus, Czechia) are also way more serious than the male nations he’s had to interact with, and he likes that.
🇨🇭He dresses rather plainly, but flashy clothes don’t suit him very much anyways. Sweaters, turtlenecks, and trench coats in natural colors (blue, dark green, white, varying shades of brown and tan); black pants or blue jeans and dress shoes or worn out sneakers.
🇨🇭He takes very stunning landscape photographs; sometimes he gives them to the tourist department in his government to put on their official website.
🇨🇭He’s very good at making pressed flowers for Liechtenstein, who collects them in a scrapbook. Also, clever with his hands; he would be really good at origami if he ever wants to try, and knows a lot of ways to tie ribbons into fancy bows (which comes in handy at Christmas).
HAPPY BIRTHDAY SWITZERLAND!
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kristinsimmons · 6 years
Text
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Progress Across the Pond
By TIM WILLIAMS & DAVID INTROCASO
This past October CMS Administrator Seema Verma announced the agency’s “Meaningful Measures” initiative.[1] Ms. Verma launched the initiative because, she admitted, the agency’s current quality measurement programming, widely criticized for years by MedPAC and others, ran the risk of outweighing the benefits. Under “Meaningful Measures,” CMS will, Ms. Verma stated, put “patients first” by aligning a smaller number of outcome-based quality measures meaningful to patients across Medicare’s programs. Since “the primary focus of a patient visit,” Ms. Verma said, “must be the patient,” the primary focus of the initiative will be “to focus health care quality efforts on what is really important to patients.”[2] As an indication of this commitment, immediately after Meaningful Measures was announced the National Quality Forum’s (NQF’s) Measures Application Partnership (MAP) began work reviewing a record number of CMS-recommended Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).[3]
There appears to be an ever increasing interest in PROMS in the US. For example, last year The New England Journal of Medicine published three PROMs-related “Perspective” essays that moreover described initial success by a few early US PROMs adopters. One of these essays also noted that England and Scotland had “extensive experience” in the use of these measures.[4] Though possibly overstated, we believe providers in the US can benefit from, for example, our experience in the United Kingdom (UK) developing and implementing My Clinical Outcomes (MCO) (at: www.myclinicaloutcomes.com), a digital patient reported outcomes measurement and analytics platform that is now used in the treatment of several chronic conditions in a variety of clinical settings across the UK.
MCO was initially developed in collaboration with orthopedic surgeons working in the National Health Service (NHS). These surgeons were seeking a way to systematically follow-up with their patients after joint replacement surgery largely in order to better economize on their use of clinical resources or more appropriately or efficiently identify those patients in need of follow up face-to-face consultations. The web-based platform was developed to work flexibly around existing clinical work flows.
As implemented patients are served a tailored combination of PROMs depending on their condition and stage of treatment. Outcome performance updates are regularly and automatically requested throughout treatment and follow-up. Clinicians and their patients can track progress as it is relayed via a personalized dashboard. This optimizes their care delivery, especially the timing of treatment. For example, using MCO to monitor weight loss relevant to scheduling surgery or to make more informed or shared decisions that includes better understanding the range of treatment alternatives and their trade offs.
Since 2002 all implanted orthopedic medical device data in the UK is entered in the UK National Joint Registry.[5] The registry serves as a surveillance or patient safety tool. In addition, the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) has long recommended regular long-term specialist follow-up care for all joint replacement patients in order to prevent post surgical complications. Nevertheless, clinical and technical constraints have meant many orthopedic implant patients are lost to follow-up. However, because of the results MCO has demonstrated in orthopedics[6], national commissioning guidance has been updated to now recommends the use of web-based PROMs to support effective and safe clinical follow-up[7],[8]. The recommendation is based in part on evidence demonstrating patients reporting the use of PROMs motivates them to be more engaged in their care and improves their ability to self-manage. For example, one arthritis patient with both hip and knee replacements, commented, “I like the fact that I can see the results as well. I find it very reassuring that I am regularly reviewed by my consultant but that also I don’t have to make long unnecessary journeys just to say I am feeling fine.”
Patient-reported outcome benefits now appear in other clinical conditions as well. For example, in 2017, Basch and others published randomized control trial evidence demonstrating longer survival after implementing electronic PROMs for patients with advanced solid tumor cancer[9]. The study group was supported by a digital PROMs platform that the patient and their physician could access. Use of the tool correlated with a median survival five months greater than the usual care group. This research has stimulated significant interest in the application of digital PROMs for cancer care in the UK. MCO is now working with NHS Scotland to develop a bespoke clinical application for cancer patients[10] as well as with Macmillan Cancer Support and the Royal College of Radiologists to pilot the technology in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
The UK National PROMs Programme,[11] established in 2009, currently publishes PROMs data from prior to and six months after hip and knee replacement surgeries. While this certainly is a step in the right direction, we should note currently the impact and utility of the program is limited by a moreover pen-and-paper approach; the program’s scope remains narrow with no longitudinal view and clinicians and patients cannot access individual results in a timely fashion to inform care.
On the private side, a government review of the private or independent UK healthcare sector which provides roughly 20 percent of UK acute care, concluded in 2014 that there was a lack of transparency on cost and quality[12].. As a result recommendations were put forward that all private healthcare providers be required to collect PROMs for all patients undergoing any one of 14 procedures[13]. Drawing on lessons from the NHS program, emphasis was placed on digital collection to maximize clinical utility and the publication of the data both for hospital and clinician-level review and for public consumption to facilitate improved patient choice. All this would be enabled by the creation of a new information organization titled the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN). As a result of these new requirements, groups such as Spire Healthcare with 39 sites nationally and several independent hospitals, are exploiting MCO to meet the requirements of submitting PHIN data. Private providers are also using this opportunity to collect longitudinal outcomes data and make the data available to their their clinicians and patients as it is collected.
As clinical investigations and treatment protocols become increasingly more complex, expectations for the improved value healthcare systems need to provide are increasing commensurately. However, the long-standing challenges of wide variation in access and quality, even within a single system, and spiraling spending are placing an ever greater strain on health system delivery posing a risk to continued progress. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that upwards of 40 percent of healthcare spending globally is wasted on ineffective care delivery. Even in developed OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the estimate remains significant at 20 percent[14]. A major cause of waste is the mismatch between actual patient need and the utilization or consumption of clinical resources. Systematically capturing outcomes data at the patient level throughout full episodes of care allows clinicians and payers to more intelligently prioritize resource capacity and delivery relative to expressed patient need.
The phrase “value-based healthcare” describes this shift in emphasis where the goal is to maximize health outcomes delivered per dollar spent[15]. The movement to achieve greater value was confirmed by a Lazard survey in 2017 of C-level healthcare executives and investors throughout Europe and the US. Nearly half, or 47 percent, of respondents believed value-based or risk-sharing pricing models will have the most transformative impact on health care over the next five to 10 years. (Only 38 percent thought scientific breakthroughs would be as impactful.)[16] In the UK, various government initiatives are now prioritizing the use of outcomes data to drive value and among other things reduce health care disparities be it through the development of local Sustainability and Transformation Plans, Integrated Care Systems[17], or national performance improvement projects such as “Getting It Right First Time” (GIRFT)[18]. We are also seeing engagement from, among others, the Scottish government, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Free Charity, University College London Hospitals and numerous individual health providers.
Beyond the UK, last year the World Economic Forum acknowledged value-based healthcare as the only credible response to unsustainable increases in healthcare spending worldwide[19]. The Forum’s report was precipitated in part by the work accomplished by International Consortium of Heath Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) (prominently noted in the Forum’s report). ICHOM, a non-profit organization founded in 2012 by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and others. It was established to create global standards for outcomes measurement at the level of the clinical condition, or as the consortium states, to “unlock the potential of value-based health . . . by driving adoption and reporting of these [outcome] measures worldwide.” To date ICHOM has created 22 outcome-based quality measure sets that account for approximately half of the global disease burden. These measure sets are currently in use in nearly 700 hospitals in over 32 countries. Because of this work, enabled in part by MCO’s role as a technical partner, ICHOM today collaborates with 80 partners worldwide. ICHOM’s efforts were also recognized last year when the OECD signed a letter of intent to collaborate with the consortium on the collection, analysis and publication of patient reported outcomes for international comparisons[20].
This past October, or a few days before Seema Verma announced CMS’ Meaningful Measures initiative, ICHOM held a two-day conference in Washington, D.C. that attracted over 600 participants from the US and 30 countries overseas. During the meeting CMS leadership told attendees the agency’s goal was to rapidly develop and collect date from patient reported outcome measures. CMS leadership also candidly admitted the agency can do a better job leveraging or exploiting measure sets developed and employed overseas, notwithstanding the challenges of appropriate risk or case mix adjustment. While healthcare in UK still has a long way to go in collecting patient-reported data and redesigning clinical care accordingly, we have credible reason to believe the US could learn from our experience. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate.
[1]    “CMS Administrator Verma Announces New Meaningful Measures Initiative And Addresses Regulatory Reform; Promotes Innovation at LAN Summit,” CMS press release (October 30, 2017) at: https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-releases/2017-Press-releases-items/2017-10-30.html.
[2]    See: CMS’ “Meaningful Measures Hub,” at: https://ift.tt/2JbAtyR.
[3]    See: https://www.qualityforum.org/map/.
[4]             Baumhauer Judith F. Patient-Reported Outcome – Are They Living Up to Their Potential? The New England Journal     of Medicine July 6, 2017;377:6-9.
[5]    See: https://ift.tt/2qJFjMW.
[6]    See: https://ift.tt/2vtcF7B.
[7]    See: https://www.boa.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Pain-Arising-from-the-Hip-Guide-Final.pdf.
[8]    See: https://ift.tt/2qM4ZbK.
[9]    Basch E, et al, Overall Survival Results of a Trial Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes for Symptom Monitoring During Routine Cancer Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 2017;318:197-198.
[10]  See: https://ift.tt/2vrOO8e.
[11]  See: https://ift.tt/2qM50fO.
[12]  See: https://ift.tt/2bNNOwn.
[13]  See: https://ift.tt/2qM51Ao.
[14]  See: https://ift.tt/2vrOPsO.
[15]  Porter ME. and Teisberg EO. Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-based Competition on Results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
[16]  See: https://ift.tt/2qJluoV.
[17]  See: https://ift.tt/2BdbbAQ.
[18]  See: https://ift.tt/2wOnAVj.
[19]  World Economic Forum. Value in Healthcare. Laying the Foundation for Health System Transformation, April 2017. At: https://ift.tt/2lFt3fh.
[20]  Coulter A. Measuring What Matters to Patients. British Medical Journal 2017;356:J816.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Progress Across the Pond published first on https://wittooth.tumblr.com/
0 notes
isaacscrawford · 6 years
Text
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Progress Across the Pond
By TIM WILLIAMS & DAVID INTROCASO
  This past October CMS Administrator Seema Verma announced the agency’s “Meaningful Measures” initiative.[1] Ms. Verma launched the initiative because, she admitted, the agency’s current quality measurement programming, widely criticized for years by MedPAC and others, ran the risk of outweighing the benefits. Under “Meaningful Measures,” CMS will, Ms. Verma stated, put “patients first” by aligning a smaller number of outcome-based quality measures meaningful to patients across Medicare’s programs. Since “the primary focus of a patient visit,” Ms. Verma said, “must be the patient,” the primary focus of the initiative will be “to focus health care quality efforts on what is really important to patients.”[2] As an indication of this commitment, immediately after Meaningful Measures was announced the National Quality Forum’s (NQF’s) Measures Application Partnership (MAP) began work reviewing a record number of CMS-recommended Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).[3]
There appears to be an ever increasing interest in PROMS in the US. For example, last year The New England Journal of Medicine published three PROMs-related “Perspective” essays that moreover described initial success by a few early US PROMs adopters. One of these essays also noted that England and Scotland had “extensive experience” in the use of these measures.[4] Though possibly overstated, we believe providers in the US can benefit from, for example, our experience in the United Kingdom (UK) developing and implementing My Clinical Outcomes (MCO) (at: www.myclinicaloutcomes.com), a digital patient reported outcomes measurement and analytics platform that is now used in the treatment of several chronic conditions in a variety of clinical settings across the UK.
MCO was initially developed in collaboration with orthopedic surgeons working in the National Health Service (NHS). These surgeons were seeking a way to systematically follow-up with their patients after joint replacement surgery largely in order to better economize on their use of clinical resources or more appropriately or efficiently identify those patients in need of follow up face-to-face consultations. The web-based platform was developed to work flexibly around existing clinical work flows.
As implemented patients are served a tailored combination of PROMs depending on their condition and stage of treatment. Outcome performance updates are regularly and automatically requested throughout treatment and follow-up. Clinicians and their patients can track progress as it is relayed via a personalized dashboard. This optimizes their care delivery, especially the timing of treatment. For example, using MCO to monitor weight loss relevant to scheduling surgery or to make more informed or shared decisions that includes better understanding the range of treatment alternatives and their trade offs.
Since 2002 all implanted orthopedic medical device data in the UK is entered in the UK National Joint Registry.[5] The registry serves as a surveillance or patient safety tool. In addition, the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) has long recommended regular long-term specialist follow-up care for all joint replacement patients in order to prevent post surgical complications. Nevertheless, clinical and technical constraints have meant many orthopedic implant patients are lost to follow-up. However, because of the results MCO has demonstrated in orthopedics[6], national commissioning guidance has been updated to now recommends the use of web-based PROMs to support effective and safe clinical follow-up[7],[8]. The recommendation is based in part on evidence demonstrating patients reporting the use of PROMs motivates them to be more engaged in their care and improves their ability to self-manage. For example, one arthritis patient with both hip and knee replacements, commented, “I like the fact that I can see the results as well. I find it very reassuring that I am regularly reviewed by my consultant but that also I don’t have to make long unnecessary journeys just to say I am feeling fine.”
Patient-reported outcome benefits now appear in other clinical conditions as well. For example, in 2017, Basch and others published randomized control trial evidence demonstrating longer survival after implementing electronic PROMs for patients with advanced solid tumor cancer[9]. The study group was supported by a digital PROMs platform that the patient and their physician could access. Use of the tool correlated with a median survival five months greater than the usual care group. This research has stimulated significant interest in the application of digital PROMs for cancer care in the UK. MCO is now working with NHS Scotland to develop a bespoke clinical application for cancer patients[10] as well as with Macmillan Cancer Support and the Royal College of Radiologists to pilot the technology in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
The UK National PROMs Programme,[11] established in 2009, currently publishes PROMs data from prior to and six months after hip and knee replacement surgeries. While this certainly is a step in the right direction, we should note currently the impact and utility of the program is limited by a moreover pen-and-paper approach; the program’s scope remains narrow with no longitudinal view and clinicians and patients cannot access individual results in a timely fashion to inform care.
On the private side, a government review of the private or independent UK healthcare sector which provides roughly 20 percent of UK acute care, concluded in 2014 that there was a lack of transparency on cost and quality[12].. As a result recommendations were put forward that all private healthcare providers be required to collect PROMs for all patients undergoing any one of 14 procedures[13]. Drawing on lessons from the NHS program, emphasis was placed on digital collection to maximize clinical utility and the publication of the data both for hospital and clinician-level review and for public consumption to facilitate improved patient choice. All this would be enabled by the creation of a new information organization titled the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN). As a result of these new requirements, groups such as Spire Healthcare with 39 sites nationally and several independent hospitals, are exploiting MCO to meet the requirements of submitting PHIN data. Private providers are also using this opportunity to collect longitudinal outcomes data and make the data available to their their clinicians and patients as it is collected.
As clinical investigations and treatment protocols become increasingly more complex, expectations for the improved value healthcare systems need to provide are increasing commensurately. However, the long-standing challenges of wide variation in access and quality, even within a single system, and spiraling spending are placing an ever greater strain on health system delivery posing a risk to continued progress. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that upwards of 40 percent of healthcare spending globally is wasted on ineffective care delivery. Even in developed OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the estimate remains significant at 20 percent[14]. A major cause of waste is the mismatch between actual patient need and the utilization or consumption of clinical resources. Systematically capturing outcomes data at the patient level throughout full episodes of care allows clinicians and payers to more intelligently prioritize resource capacity and delivery relative to expressed patient need.
The phrase “value-based healthcare” describes this shift in emphasis where the goal is to maximize health outcomes delivered per dollar spent[15]. The movement to achieve greater value was confirmed by a Lazard survey in 2017 of C-level healthcare executives and investors throughout Europe and the US. Nearly half, or 47 percent, of respondents believed value-based or risk-sharing pricing models will have the most transformative impact on health care over the next five to 10 years. (Only 38 percent thought scientific breakthroughs would be as impactful.)[16] In the UK, various government initiatives are now prioritizing the use of outcomes data to drive value and among other things reduce health care disparities be it through the development of local Sustainability and Transformation Plans, Integrated Care Systems[17], or national performance improvement projects such as “Getting It Right First Time” (GIRFT)[18]. We are also seeing engagement from, among others, the Scottish government, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Free Charity, University College London Hospitals and numerous individual health providers.
Beyond the UK, last year the World Economic Forum acknowledged value-based healthcare as the only credible response to unsustainable increases in healthcare spending worldwide[19]. The Forum’s report was precipitated in part by the work accomplished by International Consortium of Heath Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) (prominently noted in the Forum’s report). ICHOM, a non-profit organization founded in 2012 by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and others. It was established to create global standards for outcomes measurement at the level of the clinical condition, or as the consortium states, to “unlock the potential of value-based health . . . by driving adoption and reporting of these [outcome] measures worldwide.” To date ICHOM has created 22 outcome-based quality measure sets that account for approximately half of the global disease burden. These measure sets are currently in use in nearly 700 hospitals in over 32 countries. Because of this work, enabled in part by MCO’s role as a technical partner, ICHOM today collaborates with 80 partners worldwide. ICHOM’s efforts were also recognized last year when the OECD signed a letter of intent to collaborate with the consortium on the collection, analysis and publication of patient reported outcomes for international comparisons[20].
This past October, or a few days before Seema Verma announced CMS’ Meaningful Measures initiative, ICHOM held a two-day conference in Washington, D.C. that attracted over 600 participants from the US and 30 countries overseas. During the meeting CMS leadership told attendees the agency’s goal was to rapidly develop and collect date from patient reported outcome measures. CMS leadership also candidly admitted the agency can do a better job leveraging or exploiting measure sets developed and employed overseas, notwithstanding the challenges of appropriate risk or case mix adjustment. While healthcare in UK still has a long way to go in collecting patient-reported data and redesigning clinical care accordingly, we have credible reason to believe the US could learn from our experience. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate.
[1]    “CMS Administrator Verma Announces New Meaningful Measures Initiative And Addresses Regulatory Reform; Promotes Innovation at LAN Summit,” CMS press release (October 30, 2017) at: https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-releases/2017-Press-releases-items/2017-10-30.html.
[2]    See: CMS’ “Meaningful Measures Hub,” at: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/QualityInitiativesGenInfo/MMF/General-info-Sub-Page.html.
[3]    See: https://www.qualityforum.org/map/.
[4]             Baumhauer Judith F. Patient-Reported Outcome – Are They Living Up to Their Potential? The New England Journal     of Medicine July 6, 2017;377:6-9.
[5]    See: http://www.njrcentre.org.uk/njrcentre/AbouttheNJR/tabid/73/Default.aspx.
[6]    See: http://www.health.org.uk/programmes/shine-2014/projects/virtual-follow-hip-and-knee-replacement-patients.
[7]    See: https://www.boa.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Pain-Arising-from-the-Hip-Guide-Final.pdf.
[8]    See: https://www.boa.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Painful-OA-Knee-Guide-Final-.pdf.
[9]    Basch E, et al, Overall Survival Results of a Trial Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes for Symptom Monitoring During Routine Cancer Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 2017;318:197-198.
[10]  See: https://cancerchallengescotland.com/funding-calls/new-approaches-record-and-integrate-cancer-proms-and-prems/phase-1-projects.
[11]  See: http://content.digital.nhs.uk/proms.
[12]  See: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-publishes-final-report-on-private-healthcare-remittal.
[13]  See: https://portal.phin.org.uk/Lists/Resource/PROMS%20Reference%20Guide.pdf.
[14]  See: http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j570.
[15]  Porter ME. and Teisberg EO. Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-based Competition on Results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
[16]  See: https://www.lazard.com/perspective/global-healthcare-leaders-study-2017/.
[17]  See: https://www.england.nhs.uk/systemchange/.
[18]  See: http://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk.
[19]  World Economic Forum. Value in Healthcare. Laying the Foundation for Health System Transformation, April 2017. At: https://www.weforum.org/projects/value-in-healthcare.
[20]  Coulter A. Measuring What Matters to Patients. British Medical Journal 2017;356:J816.
Article source:The Health Care Blog
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kristinsimmons · 6 years
Text
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Progress Across the Pond
By TIM WILLIAMS & DAVID INTROCASO
This past October CMS Administrator Seema Verma announced the agency’s “Meaningful Measures” initiative.[1] Ms. Verma launched the initiative because, she admitted, the agency’s current quality measurement programming, widely criticized for years by MedPAC and others, ran the risk of outweighing the benefits. Under “Meaningful Measures,” CMS will, Ms. Verma stated, put “patients first” by aligning a smaller number of outcome-based quality measures meaningful to patients across Medicare’s programs. Since “the primary focus of a patient visit,” Ms. Verma said, “must be the patient,” the primary focus of the initiative will be “to focus health care quality efforts on what is really important to patients.”[2] As an indication of this commitment, immediately after Meaningful Measures was announced the National Quality Forum’s (NQF’s) Measures Application Partnership (MAP) began work reviewing a record number of CMS-recommended Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).[3]
There appears to be an ever increasing interest in PROMS in the US. For example, last year The New England Journal of Medicine published three PROMs-related “Perspective” essays that moreover described initial success by a few early US PROMs adopters. One of these essays also noted that England and Scotland had “extensive experience” in the use of these measures.[4] Though possibly overstated, we believe providers in the US can benefit from, for example, our experience in the United Kingdom (UK) developing and implementing My Clinical Outcomes (MCO) (at: www.myclinicaloutcomes.com), a digital patient reported outcomes measurement and analytics platform that is now used in the treatment of several chronic conditions in a variety of clinical settings across the UK.
MCO was initially developed in collaboration with orthopedic surgeons working in the National Health Service (NHS). These surgeons were seeking a way to systematically follow-up with their patients after joint replacement surgery largely in order to better economize on their use of clinical resources or more appropriately or efficiently identify those patients in need of follow up face-to-face consultations. The web-based platform was developed to work flexibly around existing clinical work flows.
As implemented patients are served a tailored combination of PROMs depending on their condition and stage of treatment. Outcome performance updates are regularly and automatically requested throughout treatment and follow-up. Clinicians and their patients can track progress as it is relayed via a personalized dashboard. This optimizes their care delivery, especially the timing of treatment. For example, using MCO to monitor weight loss relevant to scheduling surgery or to make more informed or shared decisions that includes better understanding the range of treatment alternatives and their trade offs.
Since 2002 all implanted orthopedic medical device data in the UK is entered in the UK National Joint Registry.[5] The registry serves as a surveillance or patient safety tool. In addition, the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) has long recommended regular long-term specialist follow-up care for all joint replacement patients in order to prevent post surgical complications. Nevertheless, clinical and technical constraints have meant many orthopedic implant patients are lost to follow-up. However, because of the results MCO has demonstrated in orthopedics[6], national commissioning guidance has been updated to now recommends the use of web-based PROMs to support effective and safe clinical follow-up[7],[8]. The recommendation is based in part on evidence demonstrating patients reporting the use of PROMs motivates them to be more engaged in their care and improves their ability to self-manage. For example, one arthritis patient with both hip and knee replacements, commented, “I like the fact that I can see the results as well. I find it very reassuring that I am regularly reviewed by my consultant but that also I don’t have to make long unnecessary journeys just to say I am feeling fine.”
Patient-reported outcome benefits now appear in other clinical conditions as well. For example, in 2017, Basch and others published randomized control trial evidence demonstrating longer survival after implementing electronic PROMs for patients with advanced solid tumor cancer[9]. The study group was supported by a digital PROMs platform that the patient and their physician could access. Use of the tool correlated with a median survival five months greater than the usual care group. This research has stimulated significant interest in the application of digital PROMs for cancer care in the UK. MCO is now working with NHS Scotland to develop a bespoke clinical application for cancer patients[10] as well as with Macmillan Cancer Support and the Royal College of Radiologists to pilot the technology in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
The UK National PROMs Programme,[11] established in 2009, currently publishes PROMs data from prior to and six months after hip and knee replacement surgeries. While this certainly is a step in the right direction, we should note currently the impact and utility of the program is limited by a moreover pen-and-paper approach; the program’s scope remains narrow with no longitudinal view and clinicians and patients cannot access individual results in a timely fashion to inform care.
On the private side, a government review of the private or independent UK healthcare sector which provides roughly 20 percent of UK acute care, concluded in 2014 that there was a lack of transparency on cost and quality[12].. As a result recommendations were put forward that all private healthcare providers be required to collect PROMs for all patients undergoing any one of 14 procedures[13]. Drawing on lessons from the NHS program, emphasis was placed on digital collection to maximize clinical utility and the publication of the data both for hospital and clinician-level review and for public consumption to facilitate improved patient choice. All this would be enabled by the creation of a new information organization titled the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN). As a result of these new requirements, groups such as Spire Healthcare with 39 sites nationally and several independent hospitals, are exploiting MCO to meet the requirements of submitting PHIN data. Private providers are also using this opportunity to collect longitudinal outcomes data and make the data available to their their clinicians and patients as it is collected.
As clinical investigations and treatment protocols become increasingly more complex, expectations for the improved value healthcare systems need to provide are increasing commensurately. However, the long-standing challenges of wide variation in access and quality, even within a single system, and spiraling spending are placing an ever greater strain on health system delivery posing a risk to continued progress. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that upwards of 40 percent of healthcare spending globally is wasted on ineffective care delivery. Even in developed OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the estimate remains significant at 20 percent[14]. A major cause of waste is the mismatch between actual patient need and the utilization or consumption of clinical resources. Systematically capturing outcomes data at the patient level throughout full episodes of care allows clinicians and payers to more intelligently prioritize resource capacity and delivery relative to expressed patient need.
The phrase “value-based healthcare” describes this shift in emphasis where the goal is to maximize health outcomes delivered per dollar spent[15]. The movement to achieve greater value was confirmed by a Lazard survey in 2017 of C-level healthcare executives and investors throughout Europe and the US. Nearly half, or 47 percent, of respondents believed value-based or risk-sharing pricing models will have the most transformative impact on health care over the next five to 10 years. (Only 38 percent thought scientific breakthroughs would be as impactful.)[16] In the UK, various government initiatives are now prioritizing the use of outcomes data to drive value and among other things reduce health care disparities be it through the development of local Sustainability and Transformation Plans, Integrated Care Systems[17], or national performance improvement projects such as “Getting It Right First Time” (GIRFT)[18]. We are also seeing engagement from, among others, the Scottish government, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Free Charity, University College London Hospitals and numerous individual health providers.
Beyond the UK, last year the World Economic Forum acknowledged value-based healthcare as the only credible response to unsustainable increases in healthcare spending worldwide[19]. The Forum’s report was precipitated in part by the work accomplished by International Consortium of Heath Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) (prominently noted in the Forum’s report). ICHOM, a non-profit organization founded in 2012 by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and others. It was established to create global standards for outcomes measurement at the level of the clinical condition, or as the consortium states, to “unlock the potential of value-based health . . . by driving adoption and reporting of these [outcome] measures worldwide.” To date ICHOM has created 22 outcome-based quality measure sets that account for approximately half of the global disease burden. These measure sets are currently in use in nearly 700 hospitals in over 32 countries. Because of this work, enabled in part by MCO’s role as a technical partner, ICHOM today collaborates with 80 partners worldwide. ICHOM’s efforts were also recognized last year when the OECD signed a letter of intent to collaborate with the consortium on the collection, analysis and publication of patient reported outcomes for international comparisons[20].
This past October, or a few days before Seema Verma announced CMS’ Meaningful Measures initiative, ICHOM held a two-day conference in Washington, D.C. that attracted over 600 participants from the US and 30 countries overseas. During the meeting CMS leadership told attendees the agency’s goal was to rapidly develop and collect date from patient reported outcome measures. CMS leadership also candidly admitted the agency can do a better job leveraging or exploiting measure sets developed and employed overseas, notwithstanding the challenges of appropriate risk or case mix adjustment. While healthcare in UK still has a long way to go in collecting patient-reported data and redesigning clinical care accordingly, we have credible reason to believe the US could learn from our experience. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate.
[1]    “CMS Administrator Verma Announces New Meaningful Measures Initiative And Addresses Regulatory Reform; Promotes Innovation at LAN Summit,” CMS press release (October 30, 2017) at: https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-releases/2017-Press-releases-items/2017-10-30.html.
[2]    See: CMS’ “Meaningful Measures Hub,” at: https://ift.tt/2JbAtyR.
[3]    See: https://www.qualityforum.org/map/.
[4]             Baumhauer Judith F. Patient-Reported Outcome – Are They Living Up to Their Potential? The New England Journal     of Medicine July 6, 2017;377:6-9.
[5]    See: https://ift.tt/2qJFjMW.
[6]    See: https://ift.tt/2vtcF7B.
[7]    See: https://www.boa.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Pain-Arising-from-the-Hip-Guide-Final.pdf.
[8]    See: https://ift.tt/2qM4ZbK.
[9]    Basch E, et al, Overall Survival Results of a Trial Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes for Symptom Monitoring During Routine Cancer Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 2017;318:197-198.
[10]  See: https://ift.tt/2vrOO8e.
[11]  See: https://ift.tt/2qM50fO.
[12]  See: https://ift.tt/2bNNOwn.
[13]  See: https://ift.tt/2qM51Ao.
[14]  See: https://ift.tt/2vrOPsO.
[15]  Porter ME. and Teisberg EO. Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-based Competition on Results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
[16]  See: https://ift.tt/2qJluoV.
[17]  See: https://ift.tt/2BdbbAQ.
[18]  See: https://ift.tt/2wOnAVj.
[19]  World Economic Forum. Value in Healthcare. Laying the Foundation for Health System Transformation, April 2017. At: https://ift.tt/2lFt3fh.
[20]  Coulter A. Measuring What Matters to Patients. British Medical Journal 2017;356:J816.
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