#scrubbers 1982 | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

hudsonespie · 4 years

Text

The Good, the Bad and the Effluent

In a world determined to become environmentally sustainable, the maritime sector has thus far prioritized technology that reduces SOx and NOx emissions. However, even a cursory look at water treatment and effluent reveals environmental issues that are equally worthy of consideration and concern.

For example, 2019 brought to light concerns related to open-loop scrubbers. The inconvenient observation is that open-loop scrubber systems may effectively remove harmful materials from the air only to dump them into the ocean as sludge. A handful of nation states has updated regulations to prohibit use of these types of exhaust gas cleaning systems within specific territorial waters.

If bans on open-loop scrubbers continue, it will be bad news for shippers who’ve invested in this technology in response to IMO 2020. Reportedly, about half the cruise ship market has adopted scrubber systems instead of switching to low-sulfur fuel.

It’s not certain how scrubber effluent concerns will be rectified in 2020, but it’s becoming increasingly clear that innovation toward environmental sustainability will be a step-by-step process and that emissions and effluent must be considered together.

In 2020 there will likely be continued debate over scrubber effluent and a variety of other wastewater issues. There’s demand among some experts for establishment of better MARPOL definitions and regulations for grey water. The use of chlorine in effluent disinfectant processes is also being challenged. Likewise, standards and innovations related to eutrophication (excessive nutrients in water, causing algae, fish kills, etc.) are increasingly in focus.

While progress toward environmental sustainability is made gradually and collectively, there are key players and technologies available to achieve the maritime industry’s goals.

Cutting-Edge Technology

Focused on everything related to water, Veolia is traditionally involved with potable water preparation through reverse osmosis systems, currently in use on Carnival Cruise ships. It also develops water recovery systems that improve efficiency including a system that harvests condensation from air conditioners and transfers it for use as technical water in other shipboard applications.

Its revamped sewage treatment system is based on a submerged membrane reactor (MBR) that has been a dependable and low-maintenance-cost solution to the cruise industry for about ten years. The CS-MBR advanced water treatment system is designed to address IMO MEPC 227 (64), including Chapter 4.2 for nitrogen and phosphorous removal within special areas, thereby mitigating eutrophication. It’s also exceptional for savings on power consumption.

Valentin Kirsch of Veolia says the CS-MBR offers the lowest power consumption rating per cubic meter of water and is most attractive to cruise ships. According to Valentin, cruise ship operators are more likely than merchant vessel owners to invest in high-end technology due to the longer lifecycle of cruise ships and the greater focus on energy efficiency and quality effluent in cruise ship standards.

With a lifecycle approximately double that of a merchant vessel, greater economies of scale can be realized when a cruise ship operator invests in technology that improves efficiency, has lower maintenance costs and keeps them ahead of evolving environmental standards.

“For the cruise ship industry,” says Valentin, “energy efficiency is very important. Effluent quality is also very important.”

In other high-tech developments, Veolia is preparing to launch shipboard use of the AQUAVISTA™ plant intelligent software. Currently, this modular intelligent software is available on land-based water treatment plants and provides continuous monitoring of resource consumption levels, flow and circuit output and processed water purity levels. The information is displayed through a portal and via a series of customizable dashboards.

Implementation of AQUAVISTA™ on ships means data from water treatment processes will be continuously logged and monitored from a shoreside office. Remote control of the water treatment equipment is not possible due to regulations. However, remote monitoring of a vessel by wastewater specialists provides peace of mind and eliminates unnecessary downtime by recognizing problems in advance, prompting routine maintenance and optimizing logistics for delivery of parts.

The security provided by a system like AQUAVISTA™ is especially valuable for the delicate biological processes at play in sewage treatment. If a problem in the system is not detected and the biological process is lost, weeks of downtime are necessary to regrow it. Moreover, cruise ships typically don’t have wastewater experts on board, and the overview of an expert ashore is very valuable.

Royal Flush

Founded in 1982 in South Florida, Headhunter quickly grew as a result of the notoriety of its reliable products and customer service. Its first patented product is known today as the Royal Flush Classic Toilet, and it continues to demonstrate the legacy of Headhunter’s engineering and humor in naming products.

From a humble beginning providing plumbing products to the local yachting community, Headhunter is now internationally relied upon for sanitation products that work. As stated on its website, “From Turkey to Taiwan, New Zealand to New England, from the Maldives to Maine, Chile to Finland, somebody is riding a Royal Flush!”

Headhunter has a solid foothold in the small cruise ship market with the TIDALWAVE HMX wastewater treatment system being the product of choice for companies like UnCruise, Galapagos Cruises, Phillips Cruises and the Metropolitan Touring Fleet. The TIDALWAVE HMX system uses flocculent settling, chemical oxidation, hydro-maceration and patented cross-flow separation technology to thoroughly destroy influent biomass. It’s all done without the need for an additional sludge retention tank onboard. These systems are popular because they’re reliable and have low maintenance costs.

Headhunter Vice President Mark Mellinger says they’re currently building two new TIDALWAVE HMXs for UnCruise’s Wilderness Explorer. Meanwhile, Headhunter sanitation systems, water pressure systems, hoses, pumps and toilets by the dozens are in high demand in the cruise ship industry.

In addition to reliable sewage treatment systems and toilets, the company is a leader in water pumps. The MACH 5 pump dominates the market for vessels 48’ to 120’ LOA. For smaller boats, there’s the XCALIBER, and larger vessels of 120’ to 180’ LOA utilize the AQUABOX. Mellinger says the AQUABOX will soon be fitted to Fugro’s Fugro Explorer.

Headhunter also offers chemical and biological consumables. For example, REVEILLE is a fantastic consumable for the treatment of smelly water, including grey water, black water and sea water. EFFERSAN, a stable, non-bleaching tablet disinfectant, is used for freshwater preparation in disaster-stricken areas.

From Land to Sea

Masters of the simple, robust and virtually indestructible, Scienco/FAST is positioned to offer advanced water treatment solutions to cruise ships in response to changing environmental standards. Its MarineFAST sewage treatment system, available in a variety of sizes, is considered “the easy way to deal with sludge.” Processing black and grey water, all MarineFAST systems are certified to USCG and IMO regulations.

Scienco/FAST is a subsidiary of BioMicrobics Inc., a land-based water treatment company. Combined, the two companies have 45,000 water treatment installations in 60 countries. They also have experience in retrofit installations aboard vessels, custom-tailoring their products for different hull spaces.

MarineFAST can be incorporated with gravity or vacuum-fed collection models. It’s designed to be an economical and reliable option for smaller vessels. The fixed media and no-moving-parts design is self-regulating and handles surges and overloads without the need for manual cleaning. Scienco/Fast says that MarineFAST does this better than any other biological treatment system.

Digital Future

While it’s uncertain whether international effluent standards will receive attention from the IMO in coming years, innovation related to advanced water treatment efficiency will continue to be in demand.

Current trends indicate that fixed media systems will be favored. The theory is that bacteria lives in a more productive way when it’s fixed, not free-floating, because this is most similar to the natural environment and behavior of bacteria. Improvements to membrane technology will allow for more efficient molecular diffusion, separating water from material without clogging and with less air pressure needed.

Systems that offer more control over the biological process will prevent overgrowth and maximize efficiency by keeping the most mature and productive bacteria at the forefront with infantile bacteria nurtured but not slowing down the process.

The future will bring further integration of digital systems and water treatment. Increasingly, every part of a ship can be digitized, monitored by sensors for data mining and processing. There will soon be more marine water systems that can be controlled and monitored by human machine interfaces, and perhaps in the more distant future technology and regulations will allow for remotely (shoreside) operated water systems. – MarEx

Ship’s officer Joey Pessa writes regularly for the magazine.

from Storage Containers https://maritime-executive.com/article/the-good-the-bad-and-the-effluent via http://www.rssmix.com/

0 notes

darrentrinh6441 · 5 years

Text

Bhopal Disaster

The Bhopal Disaster (also occasionally called the Bhopal Gas Tragedy) was a gas leak incident that occurred in December 1984. The gas leak occurred at a pesticide plant at Bhopal and is considered to be the worst industrial accident in the world. Over 500,000 people are said to be exposed to the toxic gas and the official immediate death toll was 2259, though the government quotes 3787 deaths as a result of the gas leak.

There are a few earlier gas leaks at the pesticide plant. In 1976, two local trade unions complained of pollution in the plant. In 1982, a leak exposed 24 workers and a few months later 18 workers were exposed. Later that year, when trying to stop another leak, a supervisor suffered severe chemical burns and two other workers were exposed to toxic gases. Despite this extensive history of gas leaks, it would appear those responsible for the plant didn’t take sufficient action to ensure that further gas leaks did not occur.

In October 1984, one of the gas tanks lost its ability to contain its gas pressure. After this, the facility was shut down for maintenance. In December 1984, an attempt was made to re-establish pressure in the faulty tank which resulted in the not being able to be pumped out. Within the next few days, most of the plant’s safety mechanisms failed. During the night of 2 December 1984, it is said water entered a side pipe and went into the faulty tank and efforts were made to unclog the tank. The water in the tank subsequently resulted in a chemical reaction resulted in the pressure in the tank to increase by a factor of 5 to 10. It was assumed by the senior employees that it was faulty equipment resulting in the high readings. However, later that night the workers began to feel the effects of being exposed to the gas and thus began looking for the leak. During this search, the employees also took a tea break for approximately 20mins all the meanwhile the reaction in the tank was reaching critical state. The temperatures in the tank went off the scale and maxed beyond recommended levels and the emergency relief valve burst.

It is said that the following actions wouldn’t have prevented the disaster but would’ve mitigated somem of the damage caused:

- A refrigeration system that was meant to cool the tanks was shut down in January 1982

- A flare tower that was meant to burn the gas as it escaped had been removed for maintenance

- A vent gas scrubber had been deactivated the time and was in standby mode but had insufficient caustic soda and power to safely stop the magnitude of the leak

0 notes

ozu-teapot · 3 years

Photo

Scrubbers | Mai Zetterling | 1982

Rachel Weaver, Imogen Bain, Kathy Burke, Anna Mackeown, Pauline Melville, Brian Croucher, Caroline Needs, Mandi Symonds, Honey Bane, Kate Ingram, Elizabeth Edmonds, Dawn Archibald, et al.

#Rachel Weaver #Imogen Bain #Kathy Burke #Anna Mackeown #Pauline Melville #Brian Croucher #Caroline Needs #Mandi Symonds #Honey Bane #Kate Ingram #Elizabeth Edmonds #Dawn Archibald #Mai Zetterling #Scrubbers #1982 #Mai in May

93 notes · View notes

institutebenjamenta · 3 years

Photo

Scrubbers (1982) dir. Mai Zetterling

#scrubbers #mai zetterling #film #mp

2 notes · View notes

galsamrai01-blog · 5 years

Text

Kosher Beverages and Israeli Beauty Products Online

Sami Makolet is a leading company that offers kosher food and guarantees your satisfaction. Being in this industry from 1982, it has already become a one-stop kosher shop for people. Sami Makolet is providing superior quality meat, bakery, canned food, a wide assortment of freshly made cakes, groceries, wines and much more. The company follows the highest level of standards so that all customers can get the most out of their experience. Once you visit this store, it will become your lovely destination for buying kosher food. Everything is categorized on the website easily as well, so you can visit the website and purchase what you want easily.

As a one-stop kosher liquor store online, Sami Makolet delivers different types of liquor. Here, you can find all the leading kosher liquor brands from this Los Angeles store. They are all available online so you can buy them easily with just a few clicks. When you visit the website you will find kosher Liquor like Vodka, Whiskey, Arak, and more. All depends on you which beverage to order from this kosher liquor store online. However, note that in order to receive liquor delivery, your age or the recipient's age should be over 18. You should show your ID at the time of delivery. Sami Makolet strives to bring you the leading kosher liquors to this online store. Moreover, the supermarket also keeps updating its beverages to have all your kosher liquors at one location.

When it comes to buying kosher household products online then there is no need to look any further as Sami Makolet has it all for you. Here you can find Jewish candles for Shabbat, Yom Zikaron, Neshama candles and many other Israeli households. You can order cleaning supplies, health and beauty products, as well as paper and plastic goods. Buying kosher household products online is just as easy as pie with Sami Makolet. Buy your lovely laundry scents, foam cups, avocado cream, sprays, scrubbers, shampoo and much more from this online destination. There is a wide range of products that will make your life very easy. These household products are must-have things for all women, so you can rest assured that they are very useful and worth every penny you spend. Sami Makolet strives to bring all best Israeli products to its online store and keep you close to its Jewish and Israeli tradition. Place your order now and you will have a nice experience with this market.

All women like buying beauty products as they help women upgrade their look and become more attractive. However, you need to buy Israeli beauty products online from a reliable source in order to be sure of the quality. Buy Avocado Cream and you will enjoy your soft skin. Order Colgate Calcium and everybody will admire your white teeth that result in a beautiful smile. These Israeli beauty products online will help you take care of your skin, hair and body easily. You will also come across a lot of men and babies beauty products that come at very attractive prices you couldn't even imagine. Just buy these Israeli products and enjoy the fast delivery all around the US.

0 notes