These gorgeous fungi emerge initially as a globe-like fruiting body consisting of a spore sac (the bulbous part on top) and an outer layer that will quickly split and spread outwards, pushing the spore sac higher and forming the star shape underneath. These fungi are known as 'collared' because of the 'arms' of this species having a tendency to crack as they bend backwards, forming a sort of 'collar' that the spore sac sits on, as you can see in this photo.
Two collared earthstars (Geastrum triplex), taken in south of England. The pic on at the top was taken last weekend, and the pic at the bottom is from the last time I saw one of these - back in 2020.
Before divine selection could take place and the Tetrarch could begin, the deities had to choose what would inhabit their world. They would need to be adaptable enough to survive the ecological shock, and able to form a functional ecosystem from the beginning, but the rest was up to the deities’ own inscrutable choices. The majority of colonists were sourced from Earth’s Holocene epoch, but a handful of the founders were inexplicably from various other time periods. To allow more ecologically complex organisms to survive colonization, the cherry-picked settlers were introduced in successive waves, each supporting the next. The first assisted in the final steps of terraforming, the hardiest microbes starting or regulating such vital processes as oxygenation and the carbon cycle. Each wave that followed increased in size and diversity, until the Tetrarch’s founding menagerie was complete. This eclectic sample of Earth would give rise to every oddity making up the Tetrarch’s biosphere, the primordial ancestors from which all of its life descends. What follows is a list of these ancestors at the time that the Tetrarch was ready to begin, not including the myriad unicellular organisms and viruses whose descendants are also important.
Plants and Algae
-Brazilian Waterweed (Egeria densa)
-Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera)
-Erect Prickly Pear (Opuntia stricta)
-Grasses (~ 5 species)
-Hooker’s Chives (Allium hookeri)
-Leptosporangiate Ferns (~ 5 species)
-Lithops (~ 5 species)
-Mosses (~ 5 species)
-Macroscopic Algae (~ 25 species, including Undaria and Acetabularia)
-Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
-Spanish Moss (Tillandsia usneoides)
-Turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum)
Vertebrates
-African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)
-Banded Knifefish (Gymnotus carapo)
-Conodonts (~ 5 species)
-Hapalops sp.
-Longspined Porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus)
-Pacific Viperfish (Chauliodus macouni)
-Spiny Softshell Turtle (Apalone spinifera)
-Star-Nosed Mole (Condylura cristata)
Arthropods
-Atlantic Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus)
-Coccus Soft Scales (~ 5 species)
-Copepods (~ 25 species)
-Earwigs (~ 5 species)
-Goose Barnacles (~ 5 species)
-Hoverflies (~ 5 species)
-Lacewings (~ 5 species)
-Mites (~ 25 species)
-Pseudoscorpions (~ 5 species)
-Rainbow Mantis Shrimp (Pseudosquilla ciliata)
-Springtails (~ 15 species)
-Water Fleas (~ 5 species)
Molluscs
-Applesnails (~ 5 species)
-Hippurites sp.
-Sea Angels (~ 5 species)
-Sea Butterflies (~ 5 species)
-Venus Clams (~ 5 species)
Other Animals
-Arrow Worms (~ 5 species)
-Brittle Stars (~ 5 species)
-Clitellate Worms (~ 15 species, including leeches, earthworms, and naidids)
-Demosponges (~ 10 species)
-Dugesia Planarians (~ 5 species)
-Nematodes (~ 300 species)
-Rotifers (~ 5 species)
-Tardigrades (~ 5 species)
-Velvet Worms (~ 5 species)
Fungi
-Collared Earthstar (Geastrum triplex)
-Lichens (~ 5 species)
-Molds (~ 50 species)
Even if February is over, I still have some #funguary left in me, to share with you. So without further ado, here is Day 19’s faerie: Geastrum triplex or Earth Star🌟 #fungi #fungifaerie #fungifaeries #geastrumtriplex #earthstar #geastrum #earthstars https://www.instagram.com/p/CpO-aoUu6wU/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
Found my first Collared Earthstar fungi the other day (Geastrum triplex). The First Nation’s Blackfoot Confederacy called collared earthstars ka-ka-toos – meaning 'fallen stars' – and believed them to be indicators of supernatural events. . . . #earthstar #collaredearthstar #weirdfungi #fungiisfun #autumnismagic #mushroomhunter #fungiofinstagram #geastrumtriplex #lincolnshire #wildfungus #walkinginthewoods #fungiuk #weirdthings #earthball #foragingisfun #donteathis https://www.instagram.com/p/Clo8mRFr-SC/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
Words taken from Mushrooms of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada by Timothy J. Baroni:
pine (n.)
any evergreen tree of the genus Pinus, native to northern temperate regions, with needle-shaped leaves growing in clusters.
birch (n.)
any tree of the genus Betula, having thin peeling bark and slender branches, found predominantly in northern temperate regions.
oak (n.)
any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus, usually having lobed leaves and bearing acorns.
poplar (n.)
any tree of the genus Populus, with a usually rapidly growing trunk and tremulous leaves.
willow (n.)
a tree or shrub of the genus Salix, growing usually near water in temperate climates, with small flowers borne on catkins, and plant branches yielding osiers for baskets, etc.
macrofungi (n.)
all fungi that produce visible fruiting bodies. [x]
wart (n.)
any protuberance, as on the skin of an animal, surface of a plant, etc.
earthstar (n.)
any woodland fungus of the genus Geastrum, especially G. triplex, with a spherical spore-containing fruit body surrounded by a fleshy star-shaped structure.
earth ball (n.)
any of certain usually tuberous subterranean fruiting bodies of fungi (such as a truffle or the hard-skinned fruit of members of the family Sclerodermataceae). [x]
compost (n.)
a mixture of decomposing vegetable matter, table scraps, manure, etc., used to fertilize soil.
I’ve never found fresh specimens of this mushroom before! Only ever the remains of old ones. These amazing fungi start off as a sphere, which splits outwards, a bit like a flower emerging from a bud, creating the star points which fold backwards for the spore-holding bag to sit on.
Like a puffball, this bag will puff open when the spores are mature - often broken open by heavy rain or a passing animal - letting the spores spread in the wind.
A common inedible fungus which I have found pretty often here in Scotland, the collared earthstar is easy to recognise due to the characteristic features: a central body resembling a puffball, a bowl-shaped collar and a star shaped lower part.
Squishing them to get the spores in the wind is also quite satisfying...