Women And Their Doctors Found Many Solutions For Pregnancy In Old Cincinnati
In the Victorian Era, there was no legal method to avoid or end a pregnancy in Cincinnati. There were, however, several ways to do both that were common, readily available, and openly advertised. All of these options were dangerous and often fatal to the woman.
Thaddeus A. Reamy, a distinguished physician and surgeon, called out his colleagues during a meeting of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine. According to the Cincinnati Gazette [25 June1874], Dr. Reamy asserted:
“There are members of the regular profession in this city, otherwise of high standing, whose hands are bloody with the guilt of the crime of abortion, and abortion is committed by the wives of respectable citizens who are taught to do so by their family physicians.”
Feigning shock, the Academy convened a special tribunal to ascertain whether to toss Dr. Reamy out of the organization. From testimony collected, it is obvious that Dr. Reamy was not lying; the Academy was distressed not because Dr. Reamy’s charges were unfounded, but because he said the quiet part out loud. Thaddeus Reamy was no isolated crackpot. He was a professor in the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and was also appointed to the University’s board of trustees. At Reamy’s inquest, nearly a dozen doctors testified they had knowledge of regular physicians directly involved in abortions and others reported hearing about doctors passing along information on how to induce abortions.
“Dr. L.A. James stated that he knew of a case where by the confession of the physician, a member of the regular medical, he was thoroughly satisfied that said physician had effected the abortion. The woman operated upon was married, of good family, but became pregnant during the absence of her husband. It was to escape the shame of the circumstances that induced her to have the operation performed.”
Doctor Louis Peron openly advertised his ability to prevent and terminate pregnancies in Cincinnati newspapers from 1862 to 1890. Since the procedure was most definitely illegal, Dr. Peron and his colleagues employed coded phrases in their advertising to communicate the services available. An advertisement appearing in the Enquirer [8 August 1871] is typical:
“Dr. Peron’s Periodic Mixture is warranted to remove all obstructions of the menses. It has been used with unqualified success in thousands of cases during the last ten years, and may be used when all other means have failed.”
The key words are “obstruction” and “remove,” because what usually obstructed menstruation was a fetus that Dr. Peron’s Periodic Mixture would remove. Such herbal and medicinal abortifacients, usually involving chemicals like mercury or botanicals such as pennyroyal, tansy or savin, while less immediately hazardous than surgery, often led to convulsions and liver or kidney failure.
An analytical chemist was brought in to analyze the composition of powders and pills prescribed by Dr. Christian Hausmann in 1875. His findings were summarized by the Cincinnati Enquirer [30 July 1875]:
“The chemist stated further at the conclusion of his report that oil of tansy, pennyroyal, and probably savin, which constituted the fluid he analyzed, have the reputation of being abortive, and are very seldom used internally for any other purpose.”
Dr. A. Calvin, with offices on Vine Street between Fifth and Sixth, advertised “Madame De Croix’s Female Monthly Pills” in the Cincinnati Daily Press [19 June 1860] by overtly explaining exactly what the pills did:
“Ladies should not use them during pregnancy, as they will cause miscarriages.”
Physical procedures to remove a fetus from the uterus in these pre-antibiotic days often resulted in hemorrhage and death. The birth and death records collected by the City of Cincinnati between 1865 and 1912 include more than 100 reports of women who died from bleeding or infection caused by abortions – often self-inflicted. County morgue records for the 1887-1930 period detail additional cases, while newspapers of the time records hundreds of other examples.
It is obvious that all of these fatal consequences represent a small percentage of the abortions successfully performed in Cincinnati and that abortionists, though often arrested and tried, regularly returned to business as soon as their legal troubles were dealt with. A widow named Parthenia Sullivan provided abortion services from several addresses in downtown Cincinnati while dodging criminal charges, and apparently had many satisfied customers. Cincinnati society trembled when the Enquirer reported [12 August 1873] a case in which a woman named Isabella Hitch filed suit over an abortion she had procured through Mrs. Sullivan, in cooperation with Dr. Philip T. Williams.
“It is said that her friends, many of whom move in exceedingly respectable circles, are using every effort to induce her to abandon the prosecution, as the testimony is likely to uncover many unpleasant disclosures.”
In the case of Dr. Reamy, a physician named Charles Woodward deponed that he knew a woman who had induced 17 miscarriages on herself, using instruments and information procured through her family doctor.
While it appears that Parthenia Sullivan and others of her ilk offered only abortions, Cincinnati supported several full-service “maternity hospitals” that provided standard birthing services but also out-placement for unwanted infants and, usually, abortions. Among the most notorious of these was a Seventh Street facility run by “Doctor” Annie Florein, whose medical qualifications were highly questionable. (She claimed to have earned a medical degree in Calcutta, India, when she was only 16.) Doctor Florein advertised assistance for a variety of feminine complaints including irregular menstruation, womb troubles, cancer and piles (hemorrhoids), but her true service was as “The Woman’s Friend” according to her advertisements.
Samuel Hopkins Adams, in an article titled “Quacks And Quackery” in Collier’s Weekly [14 July 1906], assailed publications that allowed Florein to advertise:
“Medical directories can be conducted so as to take a profit of quackery. ‘Dr.’ Annie Florein, whose hospital is most widely, if not most favorably, known as an abortion resort, has been at least once convicted for illegal practice.”
Although Florien was convicted, that conviction was overturned. On appeal, charges against Dr. Florein were tossed out because of a technicality. To avoid offensive language, Ohio’s laws in 1896 were so ambiguous in regard to abortion that it was difficult, if not impossible, to convict anyone for violating the law as it was written.
Since Ohio law could not stop her or her competitors, Annie Florein continued to perform abortions in Cincinnati until she retired in 1926. Clothed in the secrecy of societal shame, it is impossible to estimate how many abortions were performed in her sanitarium.
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If you like Harry Potter series... I recommend this series for you... It's a series bit similar to Harry Potter... Try this one... Hope you have a good time Reading this .. Name : The Pennyroyal Academy Written by M.A.Larson @m_a_larson #1 The Pennyroyal Academy #2 The Shadow Cadets of Pennyroyal Academy #3 The Warrior Princess of Pennyroyal Academy DM if you need to read this books 📚 Pennyroyal Academy: Seeking bold, courageous youths to become tomorrow's princesses and knights….Come one, come all! A girl from the forest arrives in a bustling kingdom with no name and no idea why she is there, only to find herself at the center of a world at war. She enlists at Pennyroyal Academy, where princesses and knights are trained to battle the two great menaces of the day: witches and dragons. There, given the name “Evie,” she must endure a harsh training regimen under the steel glare of her Fairy Drillsergeant, while also navigating an entirely new world of friends and enemies. As Evie learns what it truly means to be a princess, she realizes surprising things about herself and her family, about human compassion and inhuman cruelty. And with the witch forces moving nearer, she discovers that the war between princesses and witches is much more personal than she could ever have imagined. Set in Grimm’s fairytale world, M.A. Larson’s Pennyroyal Academy masterfully combines adventure, humor, and magical mischief. #pennyroyalacademy #malarson #harrypotter #fantasyseries ##bookstagram #instabook #bookphotography #bookporn #igbooks #ilovereading #bookhaul #bookhoarder #bookaddiction #bookstoread #whattoread #fortheloveofbooks #bookblogging #bookpics #weekendreads #bookrecs #booknerdproblems #bookstagram #amreading #booksbooksbooks #booknerds #bibliophile (at Book Reading) https://www.instagram.com/p/Ce8Q4yBpKID/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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Bronycon 2019 Haul! (For the most part)
I got all three of my Pennyroyal books signed by M. A. Larson, yes I indeed bought his books and read them too.
A sketch card of my OC Ryleigh done by the wonderful @artofsararichard as well as another piece (not pictured).
A sketch of the adorkable Moondancer from the amazing Andy Price with a full gray scale comic cover commission to be done later.
Giveaway sketch card done by @katiecandraw unsigned but Andy “fixed” that.
Hard copy of the Albinocorn’s The Long Road to Friendship.
Sunset and Derpy figures in a swap meet trade.
A punk Rarity Keychain.
And a punk Tempest print, because one punk pony wasn’t enough!
The final Bronycon was amazing, I’ll miss it but hope to keep finding all these amazing people and more at other cons!
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New This Week!
And now for the third installment of our New This Week series for this week: Paperbacks!
La Amistad de acuerdo a Humphrey
Author: Betty G. Birney
Age Range: 8-12
Series: Humphrey
Two-Sentence Recap: Hay una nueva mascota en el Aula 26: es una rana y se llama Og. Humphrey está deseando hacerse amigo de Og, pero Og no parece interesado.
The Warrior Princess of Pennyroyal Academy
Author: M.A. Larson
Age Range: 10+
Series: Pennyroyal Academy
Two-Sentence Recap: Evie and Maggie are still enjoying the glow of their victory as they travel into the forest on their coach. But the happiest day of Evie's life is suddenly turned upside-down when they're ambushed by witches and Evie has to devise a plan to save her friends from the witches clutches.
Lone Stars
Author: Mike Lupica
Age Range: 10+
Two-Sentence Recap: At the start of the season, Clay begins to notice some odd behavior from his coach -- lapses in memory and strange mood swings -- that can only mean one thing: Coach Cooper is showing side effects of the many concussions he sustained during his playing days. As Clay's season wears on, it becomes clear that the real victory will be to help his coach walk onto that famous star logo in the middle of Cowboys Field one last time--during a Thanksgiving day ceremony honoring him and his former Super Bowl-winning teammates.
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