#Şehzade Bayezid (Son of Gülbahar)

[magnificentlyreused]

This red and black velvet kaftan was first worn by Sultanzade Osman in the seventh episode of the third season of Magnificent Century. The kaftan is worn again fifteen episodes later Osman's twin sister Huricihan Sultan. It is also worn by a guest in the thirty-sixth episode. The kaftan makes another appearance in the thirty-eighth episode on Şehzade Cihangir.

Magnificent Century: Kösem uses the kaftan twice. First on Şehzade Murad (later Sultan Murad IV) in the twenty-sixth episode of the first season and then on Şehzade Bayezid in the twentieth episode of the second season.

#Muhteşem Yüzyıl #Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem #Magnificent Century #Magnificent Century Kösem #Magnificent Century Kosem #period drama #costume drama #historical drama #Sultanzade Osman #Sultanzade Osman (Son of Hatice) #Huricihan Sultan #Şehzade Cihangir #Sehzade Cihangir #Şehzade Murad #Sehzade Murad #Şehzade Murad (Son of Kösem) #Murad IV #Şehzade Bayezid #Sehzade Bayezid #Şehzade Bayezid (Son of Gülbahar) #reused costumes #recycled costumes

[gulnarsultan]

Yandere platonic father Fatih Sultan Mehmet and daughter reader.

Years ago.

Şehzade Bayezid had just turned seven years old. He was appointed as the Governor of Amasya this year. Emine Gülbahar Hatun went to Amasya with her son. However, it was revealed that she was pregnant before she left. However, she left Istanbul in order not to leave her son alone. Nine months later, Emine Gülbahar Hatun gave birth to a healthy baby girl. As the years passed quickly, the beautiful Sultan was growing up.

One day, Sultan Mehmet calls Şehzade Bayezid to Istanbul. Şehzade Bayezid is going to Istanbul Palace with his mother and sister. Sultan Mehmet does not know how to feel when he sees his daughter, whom he has never seen. They are chatting while they eat together. Sultan Mehmet is trying to learn about his daughter. While they are in the Istanbul Palace, Sultan Mehmet tries to establish a father-daughter relationship with his daughter. However, Sultan Pektr is not eager to form a bond with his father. There is more than one option for what happens next.

Sultan Mehmet does not allow his daughter to wear clothes anymore. So the Sultan will now live in the Istanbul Palace.

Maybe Sultan Mehmet can't stand his daughter's sadness and lets his daughter go.

If there is a second option, he will still visit his daughter. Or he will want his daughter not to visit him. He will not neglect to write letters.

#ottoman empire #ottoman history #yandere ottoman empire #yandere sultan mehmet #yandere sultan mehmet x reader #yandere male #yandere platonic #yandere parents

[parallellines]

Mehmed II Conqueror + consorts (pictures are for aesthetic)

Emine Gülbahar Hatun — was a favourite consort of Sultan Mehmed II. In most sources she is referred as non-muslim slave who was converted to Islam after her arrival to the harem. There is no agreement on her origins some historians think she was Pontic Greek, Albanian or lowly Slavic. She was the mother of the future Sultan Bayezid II and Gevherhan Hatun. She died circa 1492 and was buried in her mausoleum inside the Fatih Mosque next to her late husband.

Çiçek Yagmur Hatun — was a wife or consort of Sultan Mehmed II. According to some sources she could have been Turkish noblewoman or Serbian, Greek, Venetian, French slave. She entered the harem or married Mehmed at Constantinople and gave birth to her only son Şehzade Cem (Ottoman claimant Sultan) on 22 December 1459. It is not known the degree of influence she had during Mehmed’s reign or if she even was favoured by him. She died on 3 May 1498 of plague and was buried in Cairo.

Hatice Hatun — was a thrid legal wife of Sultan Mehmed II. She was a possible daughter of Zaganos Mehmed Pasha. In 1463 she became Mehmed's third legal wife. After her husband death she remarried with a statesman.

Sitti Mükrime Hatun — was a Turkish Princess and first legal wife of Sultan Mehmed II. Her father was Süleyman Bey the sixth ruler of Dulkadir State. When Mehmed turned seventeen he married her for political purposes. Her possible offspring is unknown. Due to her middle name Sittişah is sometimes confused with Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun another consort of Mehmed. She died in September 1486 and was buried in a mausoleum built inside her mosque.

Helena Palaiologina — was a possible wife of Sultan Mehmed II. Her entering the Sultan's harem is controversial and remain unconfirmed. She was a daughter of the Despot of Morea Demetrios Paleologos the brother of Constantine XI Palaiologos the final Byzantine emperor and Theodora Asanina the daughter of Paul Asan. Some rumors says Mehmed II asked for her after his campaign in Morea having heard of her beauty. Probably he never bedded with her because he was afraid she would poison him. In another case Helena was provided with a pension and large estate at Adrianople by the Sultan though she was forbidden to marry. She died of unknown causes in 1469 or 1470 in Edirne.

Gülşah Hatun — was a second legal wife or consort of Sultan Mehmed II. There is no informations about her origins. She married Mehmed or entered his harem in 1449 when he was still a Prince and the governor of Manisa. Shortly before Murad’s II death she gave a birth to her only son Şehzade Mustafa and followed him to Konya when he became governor of the province. She died circa 1487 and was buried in Bursa in the tomb she had built for herself near that of Mustafa.

Maria Hatun — was a consort of Sultan Mehmed II. Before she entered Mehmed’s harem she was a widow of Alexander Komnenos Asen. According to some sources she was judicated as the most beautiful woman of her age. Some historians claims she could be more likely Murad’s II concubine than Mehmed’s.

Anna Hatun — was a consort of Sultan Mehmed II. Her parents were Trabzon Greek emperor David Komnenos and Helena Kantakuzenos. The marriage was initially proposed by her father, but Mehmed refused. Nontheless when Trabzon was taken in 1461 Anna entered the harem and stayed there for two years after which Mehmed married her off to Zaganos Mehmed Pasha.

#ottoman history #mehmed ii #consort #gulbahar hatun #cicek hatun #helena hatun #hatice hatun #maria hatun #sitti hatun #anna hatun #ottoman empire #aestehtic #history #historyedit #sultanate #wives #myedit #ottoman ladies

[reallifesultanas]

A Valide titulus / The Valide title

The title of Valide was the title of the mother of the Sultan. However, this seemingly logical title has also undergone many changes over the centuries of the sultanate. In this post, I would like to introduce this change and introduce the mother of the sultans from Osman I to the last sultan Mehmed IV's mother.

Valide Hatun

In the early centuries, the title of Valide Sultan did not yet exist, instead, Valide Hatun was in use. Valide was practically the address of the mother, and Hatun was the respectful address of the women, practically something like "My Lady." Thus, mothers were often called Valide Hatun even when their sons were not yet sultans, merely the governor of provinces. The mission of Valide Hatun began long before their son ascended the throne. At that time, these women were still simple concubines living in the sultan’s harem. During this time, their primary task was to take care and raise their children, and later accompany their single son (there could be no more sons because of the one-concubine-one-son law) to his designated province. In the province, it was the job of Valide Hatun to control the court of the young prince and begin to form a harem for his son, disciplining his concubines and grandchildren. If the Valide Hatun had daughters, they also went to the designated province with their mother and younger brother.

Valide Hatun was at the peak of her position when her son was young, so she could deal with all sorts of matters with relative freedom in the province. A great example of this is an account of Selim I’s mother, Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun. Ayşe Gülbahar held a weekly audience in Trabzon, Selim’s provincial post, where everyone listened to her words with great respect. As Selim then grew older and more and more mature, his mother became more and more relegated to the background. It was the same, of course, with all the other Valide Hatuns.

When their son ascended the throne, it became their job to control the harem, to keep it in order. They had no political influence, except in a few exceptional cases. Of course, in addition to their duties, the Valide Hatuns did a lot of charity and, if they had the time, also set up construction projects. In practice, charity and construction have been their right since their sons were escorted to the province. This is why most of the future Valide Hatuns have construction in their sons' former province.

Naturally, as time went on, the tasks of Valide Hatun also became more difficult. Previously, the Ottoman Empire was smaller, the capital and the Sultan's palace were more modest, so it was relatively easy to keep the harem in order. However, after the conquest of Constantinople, the mighty Old Palace became the home of the Sultan’s harem, which was a real little town in the city (you can read more about it here). In parallel with the move to the Old Palace, the political influence of Valide Hatun also increased. And pretty slowly the peak of Valide’s power also shifted. They could no longer live their most influential period in the provinces, but in the capital, during the reign of their sons.

A list of de facto and classic Valide Hatuns, complete with mothers who did not survive until their son's rule:

Halime Hatun, the presumed mother of Osman I. There are many legends circulating about her, so some claim she was a Seljuk Princess, but there is no evidence to suggest this. She was more likely to be a simple commoner or a child of an influential family. It was not typical for beys and rulers of that time to marry slaves or to keep a harem in the classical sense. We don't know anything about Halime's life, how many children she had when she was born when she died ... It's not even certain that she was the mother of Osman I.

Malhun Hatun, mother of Orhan I. Orhan was the first sultan in the classical sense, but even he formed a transition between the true sultanate and the earlier tribal system. Malhun Hatun was said by some to be daughter of an influential tribe, others say she was the daughter of a sheikh. Either way, she was certainly the lawful wife of Osman I and she gave birth to the later Orhan I. She is considered the mother of the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman family. The date of her birth, the exact number of her children are not known, but we know that she died before 1324. This is indicated by the fact that her son built a complex in 1324 in honor of Malhun. Since this date coincides with the beginning of Orhan's reign, it cannot be ruled out that Malhun passed away much earlier. It is possible that before this date simply Orhan, being not yet a ruler, did not have the opportunity to build anything for his mother’s memory. So, finally, after he ascended the throne, he was able to embark on building a complex as soon as possible so that he could finally pay his respects. Either way, it is likely that Malhun had no control over his rule as she was not alive.

Nilüfer Hatun, mother of Murad I. Nilüfer was the first to rise from a slave to the rank of sultan's mother almost without a doubt. We know that she became Orhan's concubine after 1324, as she is not listed in a report from 1324, which mentions Orhan's other main concubines (who gave birth to children) or his wife. Nilüfer's child, Murad, was born in 1326, but the woman's first mentioning was not made until 1331 when she greeted a certain traveler named Ibn Battuta on behalf of Orhan in Nikea. Based on this and Murad's year of birth, we can calculate that Nilüfer may have been born around 1300, but rather after that. She died in 1383, so she survived the enthronement of her son. And with that, she became the first Valide Hatun in the history of the empire. She ruled for 21 years, however, we do not know much about her actions.

Gülçiçek Hatun, mother of Bayezid I. Contrary to legend, Gülçiçek was a slave, perhaps of Greek descent. It is not known when she became Murad I’s concubine, but her son was born in 1360. We don’t know much about Gülçiçek’s life, the exact number of her children. What is certain, however, is that she reached her son’s reign and during these years she had a mosque built in Bursa. With this, she became the first Valide Hatun to have a mosque built. The time of her death is not known either, so it is not clear that she was alive at the end of her son's reign when Bayezid I was captured by Timur Lenk in 1402. Gülçiçek was buried in Bursa in her own complex.

Devlet Hatun, mother of Mehmed I. Devlet was also a woman of slave origin. In her case, there is no doubt about that, as there is evidence available. She is listed in the records of one of her foundations as Daulat bint-i Abd’Allah, meaning she was the daughter of a non-Muslim and non-Turkish man. We don’t know much about her life, for there was a legal wife in Bayezid I’s life who was much better known, so Devlet didn’t really get into the spotlight. After the abduction and death of Bayezid I, the empire operated under interrgnum rule, so the sons of Bayezid divided the empire together. This ended in 1413 when Devlet's son Mehmed became monarch after defeating his brothers. However, Devlet was not able to enjoy the Valide Hatunship for long, as she died in January 1414 and was buried in Bursa, just after a year-long tenure.

Emine Hatun, Murad II's supposed mother. The identity of Murad's mother is still disputed to this day. In terms of her origins, Emine was a princess of Dulkadir, the child of an influential family. She officially married Mehmed Çelebi in 1403, when the Ottoman interregnum began. Their marriage was purely political, as Mehmed tried to gain - successfully - the support of the Dulkadir family, who eventually became key figures in his enthronement. In addition to Emine, it also arises that Murad's mother was the daughter of a family of noble descent called Şehzade Hatun. But it is also possible that an unnamed and insignificant slave was Murad's mother. We don't know when Emine or Şehzade Hatuns died.

Hüma Hatun, Mehmed II's mother. There are also many legends around Hüma, some say she was a Byzantine princess, others say she was a simple slave, but Venetian and Hungarian origins also arise. Most likely, however, Hüma was a simple slave, as her name suggests. She is mentioned in the records of one of her foundations as "Hatun bint-i Abdullah", which was one of the usual names for women of slave origin. We know very little about Hüma's life, which was not helped by the fact that her son Mehmed refused to ever talk about his mother. What is certain is that in 1343 she followed her son Mehmed to Amasya, where the sultan appointed Mehmed as governor. The next year Sultan Murad became depressed and resigned from the throne, so in 1344 Mehmed took over. At that time Hüma became Valide Hatun, but instead of the young sultan, the Grand Vizier ruled. So there was no real power in the hands of Hüma either. Then, in 1346, Sultan Murad returned, and Mehmed's brief reign came to an end. Hüma spent the next few years in Bursa, and her life from here on again was a set of question marks. Some say she died in 1449 before Mehmed could ascend the throne in 1451, others said that mother and son had arguments, which is why Hüma never followed her son to the conquested Constantinople and therefore never became Valide Hatun to her adult son.

Gülbahar Hatun, Bayezid II's mother. In the case of Gülbahar, too, a foundation document has survived, which clarifies that she was a woman of slave descent. Her origin was Greek or Albanian. In 1455/6 Bayezid was appointed by his father, Mehmed II as governor of Amasya, so Gülbahar and Bayezid traveled there and remained there until 1581 when Mehmed II died. During this time, Gülbahar was very active in Amasya. She held huge fortunes and also dealt a lot with local politics compared to her predecessors. Gülbahar was a rather strong-willed woman who certainly easily coped with the rule of the huge Old Palace after her son's accession to the throne in 1581. Her strong personality is well illustrated by one of her letters, in which she rebukes his adult son, Sultan Bayezid, for not visiting her often enough. In his letter, she writes, "My fortune, I miss you. Even if you don't miss me, I miss you ... Come and let me see you. My dear lord, if you are going on campaign soon, come once or twice at least so that I may see your fortune-favored face before you go. It's been forty days since I last saw you. My sultan, please forgive my boldness. Who else do I have beside you ... ?" Gülbahar's other letters also show that she often advised her son on political matters as well. She eventually died in 1492 after 11 years of rule and was buried in Istanbul. Gülbahar was the first Valide Hatun to rule in Istanbul and to have a significant influence on her son and politics as well.

Ayşe Gülbahar, mother of Selim I. Ayşe Gülbahar is mentioned in one of her foundation documents as "Hatun bint-i Abd-us-Samed", which was a typical mention for Christian-born Balkan and Anatolian converts. Based on this, it is probable that Ayşe Gülbahar was an Anatolian or Balkan slave who then became the concubine of Bayezid II. Ayşe Gülbahar, as I mentioned above, had high-arching eyebrows like angular hats over her dark, deep-set eyes, she shot daggers at those who prostrated in deference to her. Certainly the similar features of her son, Selim I was inherited from her. Ayşe Gülbahar gave birth to her only son Selim in 1470, with whom they lived in the harem of Bayezid until Selim became governor of Trabzon. In Trabzon, Ayşe Gülbahar had great influence, but as her son became more and more mature, she became more and more relegated to the background. Ayşe Gülbahar did not reach Selim's reign as she died in Trabzon presumably sometime before 1511. In 1514 her son, Selim had a complex built in Trabzon in memory and honor of his mother.

Valide Sultan

During his reign, Bayezid II created the title of Sultan (Sultana), which his daughters could use. Thanks to the rank of Sultan, the female members of his family rose well above the other Hatuns (women). However, Bayezid did not extend the title to his own mother, Gülbahar. Selim I's mother, Ayşe Gülbahar, died before Selim ascended the throne. Thus, in the end, it was Suleiman I who extended the title of Sultan to his mother. Thus, not only his aunts, sisters, and daughters could hold the title of Sultan, but also his mother, Ayşe Hafsa. With this, Ayşe Hafsa became the first Valide Sultan. However, this change in responsibilities did not mean anything. The Valide Sultan was still responsible for keeping the imperial harem in order after her son ascended the throne, supervising the sultan's family (concubines, children). As much as the remit remained the same, so much changed in the addressing. Previously, Valide Hatun was a respectful address for mothers, so they were already called that in the provinces. Valide Sultan, on the other hand, was clearly only a title reserved for the sultan's mother.

Murad III brought a huge change for the rank of Valide Sultan. Until then, Valide Sultan was only a respectful name for the sultan's mother, there was no official, legal title for it. By official, legal title, I mean, such as the Grand Vizier or the Chief eunuch. These positions had specific responsibilities and were not just addressing, but real titles, positions. It was Murad III who, on his accession to the throne in 1574, made the title of Valide Sultan a registered, official and legal title. This was a huge step forward for the Valide Sultan of all time. From then on, her role became official. She was not only the sultan’s mother but a person in her own right as Valide Sultan. Previously, the Valides signed their letters and foundation documents as the mother of the Sultan XY, but from then on they could sign them as the XY Valide Sultan.

The changes created by Murad III practically lasted until the end of the empire’s existence. Though the Valide Sultan over time lost the prominent influence she represented in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the power of Valides reached unprecedented levels. Due to unfit sultans, child sultans, and the evolution of the geopolitical situation, several of them were de facto or official regents. After the end o their regencies, their primary role was to keep the sultans’ harem in order, but they also paid special attention to charity and politics. In the 16th and 17th centuries, no Valide Sultan could be found without a political role.

List of Valide Sultans, supplemented by mothers who did not survive their son's reign:

Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, mother of Suleiman I. Ayşe Hafsa was the concubine of Selim I, who gave birth to at least three children. We don't know much about her early years. Hafsa was the first slave to hold the title of Sultan after her son, Suleiman, ascended the throne. The rule of Ayşe Hafsa was quite similar to her predecessor, Gülbahar. Hafsa led Suleiman’s harem in the Old Palace, creating a balance between her son’s concubines, paying attention to the well-being of her grandchildren, and doing plenty of charity. Hafsa was loved and respected by all, she was one of the most adored Valide Sultans. She was politically minimally active, had her own men, and when her son asked for her opinion, she tried to help him. However, Hafsa never wanted to overrule her son, so she didn’t even deal with politics more than necessary. She was Valide Sultan for 14 years, and after her death in 1534 she became the first slave-origin woman to receive an imperial burial. A longer biography is available at link.

Hürrem Sultan, Selim II's mother. Hürrem was a woman of Ruthenian origin who gave birth to six children to Sultan Suleiman I. Hürrem played a real form-breaking role, as she was associated with the abolition of several previous rules (one-concubine-one-son, marriage of sultans, residence of concubines) and associated with the creation of several new roles (Haseki Sultan title, harem leadership, sending princes alone to the province, etc.). However, Hürrem never saw her son Selim II to became a sultan, as he ascended the throne in 1566 and she died in 1558. A longer biography is available at link.

Nurbanu Sultan, Murad III's mother. Nurbanu was a slave of Venetian origin who then became the concubine of Selim II and gave him several children. We do not know much about her early years as she came into the public consciousness when in 1566 Selim ascended the throne. Nurbanu is a special woman in several aspcts: she was the first to hold the rank both of Haseki Sultan and Valide Sultan; and she also was a legal wife. To show his respect for his mother Murad III created a real official title out of the Valide Sultan title, making Nurbanu the first to wear it. Throughout her life, she did a lot of charity, building projects, and also had a huge influence on politics, her son asked for her opinion on everything. She was a Valide Sultan for 9 years from 1574 until her death in 1583. A longer biography is available at link.

Safiye Sultan, Mehmed III's mother. She was a concubine of Albanian descent, raised and taught by Suleiman I's granddaughter, Hümaşah Sultan. She gifted the girl to the later Murad III, with whom she had several children. Safiye reached both hell and heaven as she had a privileged status as Haseki Sultan and then was exiled and then became a legal wife. She reached the peak of her power as Valide Sultan when she ruled instead of her son Mehmed, who was unfit to rule. She was not popular at all, there were several uprisings against her persona, during which several of her supporters were executed. Safiye was the first Valide Sultan (and probably even the first Valide) to survive her sultan-son. This created an unusual situation, and it was not clear to her grandson Ahmed I what to do with his grandmother. Eventually, due to her unpopularity, Safiye was sent to the Old Palace, which has become the palace for the family of the deceased sultans so far. The influential Safiye, who had previously ruled the empire, found it difficult to bear this and felt it as an exile. It was for this reason that, in revenge, she completely damaged the Sultan's harem in Topkapi Palace, making her own return permanently impossible. Seeing her grandson and the rule of two more sultans, she finally died around 1620. A longer biography is available at link.

Handan Sultan, mother of Ahmed I. Handan was a slave of Bosnian origin who was raised and educated by Selim II's daughter, Gevherhan Sultan. Handan could not prevail at a young age as her tyrant's mother-in-law, Safiye suppressed all of Mehmed III's concubines. Handan found herself finally in the spotlight in 1603, when Mehmed died and the son of Handan, ascended the throne. The young sultan, Ahmed, was only 13 years old, so regents were needed beside him. Sultan Ahmed had two regents, his mother Handan and his teacher. Handan was an unofficially appointed regent but practically ruled instead of her son for months, attended audiences, organized political cleansing (to get rid of Safiye Sultan's men). Handan's life ended quite early, and due to her death in 1605, she became one of the shortest reigning Valide Sultans, with only 2 years of reign. At the same time, we must not forget that she was the first female regent of the empire. A longer biography is available at link.

Halime Sultan, mother of Mustafa I. Unlike Handan, Halime, who was also Mehmed III's concubine, was intolerant of Safiye Sultan's bullying and she tried to pick up the fight with her mother-in-law. Her ambitions were also shared by her son, Mahmud, who repeatedly spoke openly against his grandmother and father, the Sultan. The battle between Safiye and Halime ended in the summer of 1603, when, under pressure from Safiye, the sultan executed Mahmud. The life of  Halime was spared, but soon her other son, the toddler Mustafa was separated from her. Mustafa struggled with serious mental problems, which is why it was surprising when, after Ahmed I's death, he was finally chosen as heir. Ahmed was the first sultan not to execute his brothers when he ascended the throne, and this led to a change in the order of inheritance. From then on, it was not the sultan's son who followed the sultan on the throne, but the eldest living prince. Due to Mustafa’s tragic mental state, Halime ruled instead of him as the first official regent. In times of political instability, Mustafa was dethroned but was soon proclaimed sultan again. This made Halime the first Valide Sultan to be the Valide Sultan twice with the same son. After Mustafa's second dethronement, mother and son continued to live in isolation for many years. A longer biography is available at link.

Mahfiruz Hatun, mother of Osman II. Mahfiruz was Ahmed I's concubine, who, although was the eldest son's mother, was not Ahmed's favorite concubine. We know quite a bit about Mahfiruz's personality and actions due to her early death. Not living long enough to see her son's accession to the throne in 1618, she never became Valide Sultan. Her name also suggests this, as she was buried as Mahfiruz Hatun, not as Mahfiruz Sultan. A longer biography is available at link.

Kösem Sultan, the mother of Sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Kösem, of Greek descent, found herself in a rather volatile political and geopolitical situation when her partner Ahmed I passed away. During the chaos of inheritance, she lost her eldest son, whom Osman II executed. Osman soon suffered a similar fate after being brutally murdered by rebellious Janissaries. The chaotic period ended in 1623 when Kösem's son Murad has proclaimed a sultan at just 11 years old. Kösem ruled as regent instead of him for many years, then when her son became old enough to rule, she retired. Kösem did a lot of charity during her Valide Sultanship and sought to be a political adviser to his son. Murad - not having a living son - was succeeded by his younger brother Ibrahim, who was also the son of Kösem. Ibrahim was mentally ill, like his uncle, so instead, Kösem ruled as an unofficial regent. Due to her two sons, Kösem was practically Valide Sultan from 1623 to 1648, so for 25 years. Eventually, Ibrahim was dethroned and replaced by his six-year-old son, Mehmed IV. The pashas asked the experienced Kösem Sultan to teach the young sultan and his mother Turhan Hatice to rule. And until then they asked Kösem to rule as a regent again. However, she acted differently and began to rule violently. This ended with her execution in 1651. She was the first and only Valide Sultan to be executed. A longer biography is available at link.

Turhan Hatice Sultan, Mehmed IV's mother. Turhan, of Russian descent, had a rather difficult youth as the concubine of the mentally ill Ibrahim I. The difficult period finally ended in 1651, when Turhan became the official regent to her son. She performed this task for only a few years and then handed over power to the Grand-Vizier. Throughout Turhan's life, she was politically very active, her son regularly sought his mother's opinion, and many times Turhan ruled by herself as her son did not like to rule. During her life, Turhan defended with all her might his foster sons, whom Mehmed wanted to execute at one point in his reign. Turhan Hatice was a truly respected and beloved Valide Sultan, who did a lot of charity and also carried out monumental constructions during her long reign. She was the longest reigning Valide, having held office for 32 years. At her death in 1683, the whole empire mourned and the people believed that the empire had lost its last strong and stable pillar. Unfortunately, they were right, Turhan's son was soon dethroned because he was unable to rule properly without his mother's advices. A longer biography of Turhan Hatice is available at: link.

Saliha Dilşub Sultan, Suleiman II's mother. Saliha Dilaşub, like Turhan and Ibrahim I’s other concubines, experienced rather confusing times in her youth. It is likely that Kösem Sultan wanted to use her and her son during a coup against Mehmed IV and Turhan Hatice in 1651. The coup was unsuccessful, Kösem Sultan was executed, however, Mehmed and his mother forgave Saliha and her son Suleiman. Moreover, Turhan protected Saliha's son throughout her life. Saliha Dilaşub lived in the Old Palace for almost forty years, separated from her son during the whole reign of Mehmed IV. Finally, after the dethronement of Mehmed in 1687, Saliha was able to leave the Old Palace to became a Valide Sultan to her son. Unfortunately, however, she did not enjoy this for long, as she died only after 2.5 years of rule. Her reign thus remained relatively gray, and although her philanthropy is known, she did not have time to activate herself politically. A longer biography is available at link.

Hatice Muazzez Sultan, Ahmed II's mother. Along with Saliha Dilaşub and Turhan, Muazzez was also the concubine of Ibrahim I and had a rather hard youth. We know very little about Muazzez's life, presumably, she had a daughter besides Ahmed. She spent 40 years in the Old Palace. During Mehmed’s reign, she barely met her son Ahmed. In September of 1687, a huge fire destroyed the Old Palace, and Muazzez, fearing the fire had a heart attack and died a few days later. Barely two months after her death, Saliha Dilaşub, who was "imprisoned" along with her, was able to leave the Old Palace, as her son Suleiman II became the sultan. Muazzez's son Ahmed II succeeded Suleiman in 1691. A longer biography is available at link.

Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş Sultan, mother of Mustafa II and Ahmed III. She was a woman of Greek descent who from a slave became the last influential woman of the Sultanate of Women. She was both a Haseki and Valide Sultan in her life, so she held the two most important titles of the era. In her youth, she had a huge influence as a favorite and was very active politically. When her partner, Mehmed IV was dethroned, Emetullah was forced into the Old Palace, which she could only leave in 1694, when she became a Valide Sultan to her son Mustafa II. She raised her former influence to even higher levels, having an amazing influence on political life and her son. Unfortunately, this aroused the disapproval of the pashas. Finally, her son was dethroned in 1703, and also Mustafa soon died of natural causes. Emetullah mourned her son and then, learning from her mistakes, throughout the reign of Ahmed III's, she remained in the background and worked closely with the pashas. Lots of charities, construction can be linked to her. Due to her two sons' reigns, she was a Valide Sultan for a total of 20 years. A longer biography is available at link.

Saliha Sultan, mother of Mahmud I. She was a woman of Serbian descent. As the concubine of Sultan Mustafa II, she had no prominent influence but had the opportunity to learn a lot from her mother-in-law, Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş. She gave birth to her son in 1696, and soon after, in 1703, Mustafa was dethroned and so she moved to the Old Palace. There, however, she did not accept her exile, she constantly was building relationships. In 1730 she was finally could leave Old Palace as her son, Mahmud I, ascended the throne. She was a Valide Sultan for 9 years and similarly to her predecessor, Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş, she gained amazing power. Everyone was trying to get into her graces to ensure their own advancement. They tried to win over the influential Valide with gifts. During her tenure, she embarked on several smaller construction projects, so there are several fountains she built in Istanbul. One such is the Azapkapı Saliha Sultan Fountain, the most beautiful water architectural monument in Istanbul.

Şehsuvar Sultan, mother of Osman III. She was the concubine of Mustafa II, but she could enjoy the spotlight for only a short period. Her child was born in 1699, and in 1703 she found herself in the Old Palace after the dethronement of Mustafa II. Like Saliha, Şehsuvar could no longer raise her son as the princes were taken to Topkapi Palace. Finally, in 1754, she was able to find herself on her son's side again when Osman became the new sultan of the empire. Osman, who had barely been able to meet his mother for decades, refused to immediately hold the coronation ceremony, as he only wanted to spend three days with his mother. Şehsuvar's reign was quite short, as she was a Valide Sultan for only 1.5 years. She died in 1756. No political, charitable or construction projects took place during this time. In some political cases, however, her role is possible, so she cannot be considered completely politically inactive.

Mihrişah Kadın, was Mustafa III's mother. She was the concubine of Ahmed III, and gave birth to three sons with quite large age differences (1710, 1717, 1728). After the dethronement of Ahmed III in 1730, Mihrişah was moved to the Old Palace, where she died two years later, 25 years before her son's accession. During her lifetime, she had some minor construction projects though she could never have been Valide Sultan.

Rabia Şermi Kadın, mother of Abdul Hamid I. Şermi was Ahmed III's concubine, with whom she had only one child, in 1725, Abdul Hamid. Şermi died in 1732, more than 40 years before her son accession. During her short life she could not leave a deep mark on history, she only had a single fountain built. Her son later named one of his children, Rabia, in her honor, but the little girl died shortly after her birth.

Mihrişah Sultan, Selim III's mother. Mihrişah was the concubine of Mustafa III. It is an interesting coincidence that Mustafa's mother was also called Mihrişah. The beautiful Georgian slave became the concubine of Mustafa in 1757. She had three children, but only Selim reached adulthood, as her two daughters died as infants. We don't know much about her youth, but she certainly had great wealth even then, because according to surviving documents, the sultan himself owed to her. After the sudden death of her partner in 1774, she was exiled to the Old Palace, from where she could only return 15 years later when her son Selim ascended the throne. Mihrişah was a Valide Sultan for 16 years alongside Selim. During these years, she strongly supported her son’s innovations. The renovation of the harem of Topkapi Palace can be linked to her name, but she also had several construction projects. Mihrişah and her son were very close to each other, they discussed everything and according to some Selim visited his mother every morning. Regardless, Mihrişah did not use her influence, did not interfere in politics, but rather spent her time in religion and charity. She died in 1805.

Sineperver Sultan, Mustafa IV's mother. In 1774 she became Abdul Hamid's concubine and in 1779 gave birth to her son. So far, Sineperver has buried a son. Because of the tragic memory, she asked for prayers for Mustafa's health after his birth and she paid the debt of prisoner so they could be released. Her prayers were heard, Mustafa reached adulthood, so did Sineperver’s daughter, Esma Sultan. Her other daughter, Fatma, on the other hand, died as her first child, Ahmed. In 1789 Abdul Hamid died and Sineperver moved to the Old Palace. She was able to leave it in 1807, when her son, Mustafa IV became sultan. Unfortunately, Mustafa's reign was rather short, he sat on the throne for barely 1 year, then he was dethroned and soon executed. Sineperver dedicated her remaining years to her only living child, Esma Sultan. She died in 1828.

Nakşidil Sultan, Mahmud II's mother. For a long time there was a theory that she was a distant relative of Josephine, Napoleon's wife. But it has now been proven that she was a slave of Georgian descent. She gave birth to her son Mahmud in 1785 as the concubine of Abdul Hamid. Unfortunatelly Abdul Hamid died in 1789 and Nakşidil moved to the Old Palace. In 1808 her stepson, Mustafa IV ascended the throne. He then executed his predecessor Selim III and also sent assassins against Nakşidil's son Mahmud. Nakşidil hid her son, so he survived and soon became a sultan in a coup. In return for Mustafa IV's attempted murder, Mahmud executed his half-brother immediately after his accession to the throne. Nakşidil moved back to Topkapi Palace during a huge ceremony. She was the last Valide to travel from the Old Palace to Topkapi in such way. One reason for this was that the dynasty began to favor other imperial palaces over Topkapi. (Actually it was Nakşidil whose idea was to change palace.) In the early years of Mahmud’s reign, he regularly consulted with his mother. The Valide Sultan did a lot of charity and also had smaller to larger construction projects. Nakşidil was a Valide Sultan for 9 years since she died of tuberculosis in 1817. Her son Mahmud, her daughter-in-law, Bezmialem and her grandson Abdulmejid also died of this disease.

Bezmialem Sultan, mother of Abdulmejid I. The woman of Georgian descent became Mahmud II's concubine in 1822. Bezmialem was raised by Mahmaud II’s half-sister, Sineperver’s daughter, Esma Sultan. Maybe that’s where her sophistication and intelligence comes from. In 1823, she gave birth to her only child, Abdulmejid. In 1839 Mahmud died and Abdulmejid became sultan. After her son's accession, Bezmialem ruled as Valide Sultan for 14 years. Abdulmejid was only 16 years old when he ascended the throne, so his mother helped him a lot in the early years. There was a very close link between mother and son, often corresponding with each other, letters never written by secretaries but by themselves, with their own hands. When the sultan left the capital, he always made his mother the head of the capital for the duration of his absence. Bezmialem was a dedicated philanthropist that the people loved immensely. She also made her construction projects known as well as her political influence. Bezmialem died of tuberculosis in 1853. Her son was shocked after hearing the news. After the death of his mother, the sultan spent an astonishing amount of money on the funeral.

Pertevniyal Sultan, mother of Abdulaziz. She gave birth to her only child, Abdulaziz in 1830 after becoming a concubine of Mahmud II. She was either Kurdish or Romanian descent. After Mahmud's death in 1839, Abdulaziz's brother Abdulmejid ascended the throne. Then in 1861 Abdulmejid also died and Abdulaziz followed. Pertevniyal was Valide Sultan for 15 years, during which time she gained amazing influence and wealth. She had unlimited power on her son, which she regularly used to influence the ruler. During her reign she repeatedly hosted influential guests in the harem. One such occasion almost ended in a diplomatic scandal as she slapped the French guest. However, in addition to her strong and sudden nature, she did a lot of charity and built. Pertevniyal's son was dethroned in 1876 and locked up in Topkapi Palace. A similar fate awaited Pertevniyal. Abdulaziz couldn't stand the confinement and cut his veins with scissors. The possibility of murder also arose, but all doctors who examined Abdulaziz's body ruled out this. Pertevniyal was shocked. The ascension of Abdul Hamid brought some relief for her as he loved Pertevniyal very much and he took care of the woman. For the rest of Pertevniyal's life, she retired and raised, taught children entrusted to her care. She died in 1884.

Şevkefza Sultan, mother of Murad V. She, a Georgian woman became Abdulmejid's concubine in 1839. In 1840 she gave birth to her son, Murad, who was soon followed by a little girl who died early. Şevkefza is a relatively gray character in history, having been Valide Sultan for only 3 months as her son was very quickly dethroned because of his mental condition. After Murad V's dethronement in 1876, Şevkefza wanted to put her son back on the throne in a coup, but Murad showed no interest. Şevkefsa finally died in 1889 from some kind of neck cancer.

Tirimüjgan Kadın, mother of Abdul Hamid II. She was a beautiful woman of Armenian descent who became a consort of Sultan Abdulmejid in 1839. Her son Abdul Hamid was born in 1842. Beside him, she had two other children, but they died early. Tirimüjgan was a woman with poor health, though she nevertheless tried to give everything to her son. She was finally died in 1852. She entrusted her son to Nergisnihal Hanım, one of her servants, who remained with Abdul Hamid for the rest of his life. In addition, Tirimüjgan was close to the Sultan's other concubine, Perestu, so that the Sultan eventually left Abdul Hamid to Perestu's care. Perestu had already raised another orphaned child, Cemile Sultan, as she had no children of her own. Cemile and Abdul Hamid eventually grew up in the same household. When Abdul Hamid became Sultan in 1876, he nominally gave Perestu the rank of Valide Sultan, making her the last great Valide of the empire. Abdul Hamid nicely asked Perestu not to interfere in politics, which she agreed happyly. Perestu's life was charity as she was a kind nature who was not a fan of politics anyway. She died in 1904 after 28 years of rule.

Gülcemal Kadın, mother of Mehmed V. She was a woman of Bosnian descent who had three children from Abdulmejid. She died of tuberculosis in 1851, and her children were raised by Servetseza Kadın. Mehmed ascended the throne in 1909, but Servetseza did not survive until that day because in 1878 she died.

Gülüstü Hanım, Mehmed VI's mother. Gülüstü came from an Abkhazian noble family and became the concubine of Sultan Abdulmejid in 1854, and in 1861 she gave birth to her second child, a son, Mehmed. Not much time was given to her and her children, having died out of cholera in 1865. Her little daughter was entrusted to the care of Verdicenan Kadın, and Mehmed was raised by Şayeste Hanım. Şayeste was also a descendant of an Abkhaz noble family, but she had a hard time coming out with Mehmed. Mehmed left his foster mother's mansion at the age of 16 with three if his faithful servants. Although the relationship between the two of them was not perfect, Mehmed later took care of Şayeste because he was grateful to her for raising him. Mehmed became sultan in 1918, while Şayeste died in 1912, so she never became Valide. However, judging by the relationship between the two of them, probably she would not have been a Valide even if she was still alive when Mehmed ascended the throne.

List of the Valides based on their tenure:

Turhan Hatice Sultan 34 years 11 months 2 days

Rahime Perestu Sultan 28 years 3 months 11 days 

Kösem Sultan 24 years 10 months 29 days 

Nilüfer Hatun 21 years 

Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş 20 years 9 months 

Mihrişah Sultan 15 years 6 months 9 days 

Pertevniyal Sultan 14 years 11 months 5 days 

Bezmialem Sultan 13 years 10 months 

 Ayşe Hafsa Sultan 13 years 5 months 19 days 

Gülbahar Hatun 11 years 

Nakşidil Sultan 9 years 25 days 

Saliha Sultan 9 years 1 day 

Nurbanu Sultan 8 years 11 months 23 days 

Safiye Sultan 8 years 11 months 7 days 

Gülçiçek Hatun 3 years 1 month 4 days 

Dilaşub 2 years 1 month 27 days 

Hüma 2 years 1 month 

Handan Sultan 1 year 10 months 18 days 

Halime Sultan 1 year 6 months 26 days 

Şehsuvar 1 year 4 months 

Sineperver Sultan 1 year 1 month 29 days

Devlet Hatun 6 months 18 days 

Şevkefza Sultan 3 months 1 say

*    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *

A Valide rang a mindenkori szultán édesanyjának rangja volt. Azonban ez a logikusnak tűnő titulus is rengeteg változáson ment át a szultánátus évszázadai során. Ezen posztomban szeretném bemutatni ezt a változást és megismertetni az szultánok édesanyját I. Oszmántól az utolsó szultán VI. Mehmed édesanyjáig.

Valide Hatun

A korai évszázadokban a Valide Sultan titulus még nem létezett, helyette a Valide Hatun volt használatban. A Valide gyakorlatilag az édesanya megszólítása, a Hatun pedig az asszonyok tiszteletteljes megszólítása volt, gyakorlatilag olyasmi, mint az "Asszonyom". Így a Valide Hatunt már akkor Valide Hatunnak hívták gyakorta, mikor fia még nem volt szultán, csupán provincia irányítója. A Valide Hatun feladata már jóval azelőtt elkezdődött, hogy fia trónra lépett volna. Ekkoriban még csak egyszerű ágyasok voltak ezek a nők, akik a szultán háremében éltek. Ez idő alatt gyermekeik ellátása és nevelése volt az elsődleges felataduk, majd később egyetlen fiukat (nem lehetett több fiuk az egy ágyas - egy fiú törvény miatt) elkísérték annak kijelölt provinciájába. A provinciában a Valide Hatun feladata volt, hogy a fiatal herceg udvartartását kézben tartsa és elkezdje fia háremének kialakítását, az ágyasokat és unokákat fegyelmezze. Amennyiben voltak lánygyermekei a Valide Hatunnak, akkor ők is anyjukkal és öccsükkel tartottak a kijelölt provinciába.

A Valide Hatun egyébként pozíciójának csúcsán akkor volt, míg fia ifjú volt, így annak provinciájában viszonylagos szabadsággal foglalkozhatott mindenféle ügyekkel. Erre remek példa egy I. Szelim édesanyjáról, Ayşe Gülbahar Hatunról írt beszámoló. Ayşe Gülbahar hetente tartott audienciát Trabzonban, Szelim provinciális posztján, ahol mindenki hatalmas tisztelettel hallgatta szavait. Ahogy aztán Szelim egyre idősebb lett és egyre jobban beletanult az uralkodásba, anyja mind inkább háttérbe szorult. Ugyanígy volt ez természetesen az összes többi Valide Hatunnal is.

Mikor fiuk trónra lépett a Valide Hatun feladata lett, hogy a háremet irányítsa, rendben tartsa. Politikai befolyásuk nem volt, néhány kivételes esetet leszámítva. Természetesen feladataik mellett a Valide Hatunok rengeteget jótékonykodtak és amennyiben volt rá idejük, építkezési projekteket is létrehoztak. Gyakorlatilag a jótékonykodás és építkezés onnantól kezdve jogukban állt, hogy fiukat elkísérték provinciába. Emiatt van az, hogy a legtöbb majdani Valide Hatunnak fia egykori provinciájában van építkezése.

Természetesen ahogy az idő haladt a Valide Hatun feladatai is nehezedtek. Korábban az Oszmán Birodalom is kisebb volt, a főváros és a szultáni palota is szerényebb volt, így a háremet is relatíve könnyű volt rendben tartani. Konstantinápoly elfoglalása után azonban a hatalmas Régi Palota lett a szultán háremének otthona, ami egy valódi kis város volt a városban (bővebben itt olvashattok róla). Párhuzamosan a Régi Palotába költözéssel a Valide Hatun politikai befolyása is egyre növekedett. És szépen lassan a Valide hatalmának csúcsa is áthelyeződött. Többé már nem a provinciákban élhették meg a legbefolyásosabb időszakukat, hanem a fővárosban, fiuk uralma alatt.

A de facto and klasszikus Valide Hatunok listája, kiegészítve azokkal az anyákkal, akik nem érték meg fiuk uralmát:

Halime Hatun, I. Oszmán feltételezett édesanyja. Sok a róla keringő legenda, így néhányan azt állítják, hogy Szeldzsuk hercegnő volt, azonban nincs erre utaló bizonyíték. Valószínűbb, hogy egyszerű közember volt, vagy egy befolyásosabb család gyermeke. Az ekkori bégek, uralkodók ugyanis nem volt jellemző, hogy rabszolgákkal házasodtak volna vagy a klasszikus értelemben vett háremet tartottak volna. Nem tudunk semmit Halime életéről, arról, hogy hány gyermeke volt, mikor született, mikor halt meg... Még az sem bizonyos, hogy ő volt I. Oszmán édesanyja.

Malhun Hatun, I. Orhan édesanyja. I. Orhan volt az első klasszikus értelemben vett szultán, ám még ő is átmenetet képezett a valódi szultánátus és a korábbi törzsi rendszer között. Malhun Hatun egyesek szerint befolyásos törzsből származott, mások szerint egy sejk lánya volt. Akárhogy is, bizonyosan I. Oszmán hites felesége volt és ő adott életet a későbbi I. Orhannak. Őt tartják az Oszmán Birodalom és az Oszmán család anyjának. Születési ideje, gyermekeinek  pontos száma nem ismert, ám azt tudjuk, hogy 1323-ban halt meg. Erre utal legalábbis, hogy fia 1324-ben építtetett tiszteletére komplexumot. Mivel ez a dátum egybe esik Orhan uralkodásának kezdetével, az sem zárható ki, hogy Malhun jóval előbb elhunyt. Lehetséges, hogy egyszerűen fiának - lévén nem volt még uralkodó - nem volt lehetősége adózni anyja emléke előtt. Így végül trónra lépése után tudott leghamarabb belefogni egy komplexum építésbe, hogy végre leróhassa tiszteletét. Akárhogy is, valószínűsíthető, hogy Malhun, fia uralmát nem, vagy alig érte meg. Ebben az értelemben pedig ő sem viselhette a Valide Hatun rangot.

Nilüfer Hatun, I. Murad édesanyja. Nilüfer volt az első, aki szinte minden kétséget kizáróan rabszolgasorból emelkedett a szultán anyjának rangjára. Mindemellett azt is tudjuk róla, hogy 1324 után lett Orhan ágyasa, ugyanis nem szerepel egy 1324-es jegyzékben, mely említi Orhan többi fő ágyasát (akik gyermeket szültek a szultánnak) vagy feleségét. Nilüfer gyermeke, Murad 1326-ban született, ám a nő első feltételezett említésére csupán 1331-ben került sor, mikoris egy bizonyos Ibn Battuta nevű utazót üdvözölt Orhan nevében Nikeában. Ez alapján és Murad születési éve alapján úgy kalkulálhatunk, hogy Nilüfer 1300 körül születhetett, de inkább utána. 1383-ban hunyt el, bőven megérve fia szultánná avanzsálását. Ezzel pedig ő lett az első Valide Hatun a birodalom történetében. 21 évig uralkodott, azonban nem tudunk sokat cselekedeteiről.

Gülçiçek Hatun, I. Bayezid édesanyja. A legendákkal ellentétben Gülçiçek rabszolga volt, talán görög származású. Nem tudni mikor vált I. Murad ágyasává, de fia a későbbi I. Bayezid 1360-ban született. Nem sokat tudunk Gülçiçek életéről, gyermekeinek pontos számáról. Az azonban bizonyos, hogy megérte fia uralkodását és ezen évek során építtetett egy mecsetet Bursa városában. Ezzel pedig ő lett az első Valide Hatun, aki mecsetet építtetett. Halálának ideje sem ismert, így az sem világos, hogy megérte e fia uralmának végét. I. Bayezidet ugyanis 1402-ben elkapta Timur Lenk és az ő fogságában hunyt el hamarosan. Gülçiçeket saját komplexumában helyezték örök nyugalomra Bursában.

Devlet Hatun, I. Mehmed édesanyja. Devlet szintén rabszolga származású asszony volt. Esetében ehhez kétség sem fér, hiszen bizonyítékok állnak rendelkezésre. Egy alapítványának irataiban úgy szerepel, mint Daulat bint-i Abd'Allah, ami annyit jelent, hogy egy nem muszlim és nem türk férfi lánya volt. Nem sokat tudunk életéről, ugyanis I. Bayezid életében jelen volt egy hites feleség, aki jóval ismertebb volt, így Devlet nem jutott igazán a reflektorfénybe. I. Bayezid elrablása majd halála után a birodalom interrgnum kormányzásban működött, tehát Bayezid fiai megosztva a birodalmat együtt uralkodtak. Ennek 1413-ban lett vége, mikor Devlet fia, Mehmed testvéreit legyőzbe egyeduralkodó lett. Devlet nem sokáig élvezhette azonban a Valide Hatun rangot, ugyanis 1414 januárjában halt meg és Bursában temették el, mindössze 1 év Valideség után.

Emine Hatun, II. Murad feltételezett édesanyja. II. Murad anyjának kiléte a mai napig vitatott. Származását tekintve Emine egy Dulkadir hercegnő volt, befolyásos család gyermeke. 1403-ban ment hivatalosan is feleségül Mehmed Çelebihez, mikor az Oszmán interregnum elkezdődött. Házasságuk tisztán politikai volt, ugyanis Mehmed így próbálta megszerezni - sikeresen - a Dulkadir család támogatását, akik végül kulcsfigurái lettek szultánná válásában. Emine mellett felmerül az is, hogy II. Murad anyja egy Şehzade nevű szintén nemesi származású család lánya volt. De az sem kizárt, hogy egy névtelen és jelentéktelen rabszolga volt Murad anyja. Nem tudjuk, hogy Emine mikor hunyt el.

Hüma Hatun, II. Mehmed édesanyja. Hüma körül is sok a legenda, egyesek szerint bizánci hercegnő volt, mások szerint egyszerű rabszolga, de a velencei és magyar származás is felmerül. A legvalószínűbb azonban, hogy Hüma egyszerű rabszolga volt, erre utal ugyanis neve és az, hogy egyik alapítványának irataiban "Hatun binti Abdullah" néven szerepel, ami a rabszolga eredetű ágyasok egyik megszokott megnevezése volt. Hüma életéről nagyon keveset tudunk, melyen az a tény sem segített, hogy fia II. Mehmed elutasította, hogy valaha is anyjáról beszéljen. Annyi bizonyos, hogy 1343-ban követte fiát, Mehmedet Amasyába, ahová a szultán nevezte ki Mehmedet mint helytartót. A következő évben II. Murad szultán depressziós lett és lemondott a trónról, így 1344-ben Mehmed vette át a feladatait. Ekkor Hüma Valide Hatun lett ugyan, de a fiatal szultán helyett elsősorban a nagyvezír uralkodott. Így pedig nem volt valódi hatalom Hüma kezében. 1346-ban aztán Murad szultán visszatért, és Mehmed rövid uralmának vége szakadt. Hüma a következő éveket Bursában töltötte, élete innentől pedig újra kérdőjelek halmaza. Egyesek szerint 1449-ben meghalt mielőtt Mehmed trónra léphetett volna 1451-ben, mások szerint anya és fia összekülönböztek, emiatt nem követte Hüma sosem fiát az időközben elfoglalt Konstantinápolyba és emiatt nem lett sohasem Valide Hatun feln��tt fia mellett.

Gülbahar Hatun, II. Bayezid édesanyja. Gülbahar esetében is fenn maradt egy alapítványi okirat, ami egyértelműsíti, hogy rabszolga származású nő volt. Esetében felmerül a görög vagy albán származás is. 1455/6-ban Bayezidet édesapja kinevezte Amasya kormányzójává, így Gülbahar és Bayezid oda utaztak és ott is maradtak 1581-ig, II. Mehmed haláláig. Ezidő alatt Gülbahar igen sokat tevékenykedett Amasyában. Hatalmas vagyonokat tartott kezében és elődeihez képest sokat foglalkozott a helyi politikával is. Gülbahar meglehetősen erőskezű nő volt, aki minden bizonnyal könnyedén megbírkózott a hatalmas Régi Palota irányításával fia 1581-es trónralépése után. Erős személyiségét jól mutatja egyik levele, melyben fiát - a már szultán Bayezidet - korholja, amiért az nem látogatja meg elég gyakran. Levelében így ír: "Mindenem, hiányzol. Ha én nem is hiányzom neked, te nagyon hiányzol nekem... Gyere, látogass meg, hadd lássalak. Drága uram, hamarosan hadjáratra mész, kérlek gyere előtte egyszer-kétszer, hogy lássam drága arcodat mielőtt elhagyod a várost. Már negyven napja nem láttalak. Drága szultánom, bocsásd meg nyersségem, de kim van nekem rajtad kívül...?" Gülbahar más leveleiből kitűnik az is, hogy gyakran adott tanácsot fiának politikai ügyekben is. Végül 1492-ben halt meg 11 évnyi uralkodás után és Isztambulban temették el. Gülbahar volt az első Valide Hatun, aki Isztambulban uralkodhatott és akinek jelentős befolyása volt fiára és a politikára is.

Ayşe Gülbahar, I. Szelim édesanyja. Ayşe Gülbahar egyik alapítványi okiratában "Hatun binti Abd-us-Samed" néven szerepel, ami tipikus említés volt a keresztény származású balkáni és anatóliai áttértek számára. Ez alapján valószínűsíthető, hogy Ayşe Gülbahar anatóliai vagy balkáni rabszolga volt, aki aztán II. Bayezid ágyasa lett. Ayşe Gülbaharról, ahogy fentebb is említettem feljegyezték, hogy hegyesen ívelt fekete szemöldöke volt, mélyen ülő fekete szemekkel, amelyeknek egyetlen pillantásával ölni tudott, ha valaki felbosszantotta. Minden bizonnyal tőle örökölte ezen tulajdonságát I. Szelim. Ayşe Gülbahar 1470-ben adott életet fiának, Szelimnek, akivel Bayezid háremében éltek egészen addig, míg Szelim nem lett Trabzon kormányzója. Trabzonban Ayşe Gülbahar nagy befolyással bírt, ám ahogy fia egyre jobban beletanult az uralkodásba, egyre inkább háttérbe szorult. Ayşe Gülbahar nem érte meg Szelim uralkodását, még Trabzonban meghalt feltehetőleg 1511 előtt valamikor. 1514-ben fia, Szelim Trabzonban építtetett egy komplexumot anyja emlékére és tiszteletére.

Valide Sultan

II. Bayezid uralkodása során - nem teljesen tisztázott, hogy mikor - létrehozta a Sultan (szultána) titulust, melyet lányai használhattak. A szultána rangnak köszönhetően családjának nő tagjai is jóval a többi Hatun (asszony) fölé emelkedtek. A titulust azonban Bayezid nem terjesztette ki saját édesanyjára, Gülbaharra. I. Szelim édesanyja, Ayşe Gülbahar pedig azelőtt elhunyt, mielőtt Szelim trónra lépett volna. Így végül I. Szulejmán volt az, aki kiterjesztette a szultána titulust édesanyjára is. Így nem csak nővérei, húgai és lányai viselhették a szultána rangot, de édesanyja, Ayşe Hafsa is. Ezzel Ayşe Hafsa lett az első Valide Sultan. A feladatkörökben ez a változás nem jelentett azonban semmit. A Valide Sultan feladata volt fia trónra lépése után a birodalmi hárem rendben tartása, a szultán családjára (ágyasai, gyermekei) való felügyelés. Amennyire változatlan maradt a feladatkör, annyira változott meg a megszólítás. Korábban a Valide Hatun az anyák tiszteletteljes megszólítása volt, így már a provinciákban is így szólították őket. A Valide Sultan viszont egyértelműen csak a szultán anyjának fenntartott megszólítás volt.

Hatalmas változást hozott III. Murad uralma a Valide Sultan rang számára. Addig ugyanis a Valide Sultan csupán egy tiszteletteljes megnevezése volt a szultán anyjának, nem volt hivatalos, bejegyzett titulus. Hivatalos, bejegyzett titulus alapján azt értem, mint amilyen például a Nagyvezír vagy a Fő eunuch volt. Ezek a tisztségek meghatározott feladatkörrel bírtak és nem csak megszólítások voltak, hanem valódi titulusok, tisztségek. III. Murad volt az, aki 1574-es trónralépésekor a Valide Sultan titulust egy bejegyzett, hivatalos ranggá tette. Ez hatalmas előrelépés volt a mindenkori Valide Sultan számára. Innentől szerepe hivatalossá vált, nem csupán a szultán anyja volt, hanem saját jogán Valide Sultan. Korábban a Validék leveleiket, alapítványi irataikat úgy jegyezték, mint a XY szultán anyja, innentől kezdve azonban XY Valide Sultanként írhatták alá.

A III. Murad által létrehozott változások gyakorlatilag a birodalom fennállásának végéig megmaradtak. Ugyanakkor a Valide Sultan idővel elveszítette azt a kiemelt befolyást, amit a 16. és 17. században képviselt. A 16. és 17. században ugyanis a Validék hatalma sosem látott szinteket ért el. Az alkalmatlan szultánok, a gyermek szultánok és a geopolitikai helyzet alakulása miatt többük volt de facto vagy klasszikus értelemben vett régens. Régensségük lejárta után, alapvető szerepük továbbra is fiuk háremének rendben tartása volt, ám emellett kiemelt figyelmet szenteltek a jótékonykodás és politika felé. A 16. és 17. században nem találni olyan Valide Sultant, akinek ne lett volna politikai szerepe.

A Valide Sultan rang viselőinek listája, kiegészítve azokkal az anyákkal, akik nem érték meg fiuk uralmát:

Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, I. Szulejmán édesanyja. Ayşe Hafsa I. Szelim ágyasa volt, aki legalább három gyermeknek adott életet. Korai éveiről nem tudunk sokat. Hafsa volt az első rabszolga, aki a szultána rangot viselhette, mikor fia, Szulejmán trónralépése után ezt engedélyezte neki. Ayşe Hafsa uralma meglehetősen hasonlított nagynevű elődjéhez, Gülbaharéhoz. Hafsa irányította Szulejmán háremét a Régi Palotában, egyensúlyt teremtett fia ágyasai között, odafigyelt unokái jólétére és rengeteget jótékonykodott. Hafsát mindenki szerette és tisztelte, ő volt az egyik legimádottabb Valide Sultana. Politikailag minimálisan volt aktív, megvoltak a saját emberei, és ha fia kikérte véleményét, igyekezett segíteni őt. Azonban Hafsa sosem akarta felülbírálni fiát, emiatt nem is foglalkozott a szükségesnél többet a politikával. 14 évig lehetett Valide Sultan fia mellett, és ő lett az első rabszolga eredetű személy, aki birodalmi temetést kapott 1534-es halála után. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Hürrem Sultan, II. Szelim édesanyja. Hürrem ruténiai származású nő volt, aki hat gyermeket szült a szultánnak, I. Szulejmánnak. Hürrem igazi formabontó szerepet töltött be, hiszen envéhez fűződik több korábbi szabály megszűnése (egy ágyas - egy fiú, szultánok házassága, ágyasok lakhelye) és új szerepkörök betöltése (Haseki Sultan rang, hárem vezetés, fiai egyedül provinciába küldése stb). Ugyanakkor Hürrem sosem érte meg, hogy fia II. Szelim 1566-ban trónra lépjen, mert 1558-ban elhunyt. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Nurbanu Sultan, III. Murad édesanyja. Nurbanu velencei származású rabszolgából lett ágyas volt, aki több gyermekkel ajándékozta meg II. Szelimet. Korai éveiről nem tudunk sokat, akkor került be a köztudatba, mikor 1566-ban II. Szelim trónra lépett. Nurbanu több szempontból véve is különleges nő: ő volt az első, aki egyszerre viselhette a Haseki Sultan rangot és lehetett hites felesége a szultánnak, majd férje halálával, fia tróra lépésével Valide Sultan is lett. Hogy anyja iránti tiszteletét megmutassa III. Murad valódi hivatalos titulust kreált a Valide Sultan rangból, így Nurbanu lett ennek első viselője. Élete során rengeteget jótékonykodott, építtetett és a politikára is hatalmas befolyása volt, fia mindenben kikérte véleményét. 1574-től haláláig, 1583-ig, tehát 9 évig volt Valide Sultan. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Safiye Sultan, III. Mehmed édesanyja. Albán származású ágyas volt, akit I. Szulejmán unokája, Hümaşah Sultan nevelt és taníttatott ki. Ő ajándékozta a lányt a későbbi III. Muradnak, akinek több gyermeket is szült. Safiye ifjú korában megjárta a mennyet és poklot, volt kiemelt státuszú Haseki Sultan és volt száműzött asszony is, majd hites feleség. Hatalmának csúcsát Valide Sultanként érte el, amikor gyakorlatilag fia, a meglehetősen alkalmatlan III. Mehmed helyett uralkodott. Egyáltalán nem volt népszerű Valide, több felkelés is történt személye ellen, mely felkelések során több kegyeltjét is kivégezték. Safiye volt az első Valide Sultan (sőt valószínűleg az első Valide), aki túlélte fiát. Ezzel pedig szokatlan helyzet állt elő, unokája I. Ahmed számára nem volt egyértelmű, mihez kezdjen nagyanyjával. Végül népszerűtlensége miatt Safiyét a Régi Palotába küldték, ami az elhalálozott szultánok családjának helyt adó palota lett eddigre. A korábban a birodalmat irányító, befolyásos Safiye nehezen viselte ezt és száműzetésként élte meg. Épp emiatt bosszúból teljesen megrongálta a szultán Topkapi Palotában található háremét, amivel végleg ellehetetlenítette saját visszatérését. Unokáját és még két szultán uralmát megtapasztalva, 1620 körül hunyt el. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Handan Sultan, I. Ahmed édesanyja. Handan bosnyák származású rabszolga volt, akit egy született szultána, II. Szelim leánya, Gevherhan Sultan nevelt és taníttatott. Handan fiatal korában nem érvényesülhetett, zsarnok anyósa, Safiye ugyanis elnyomta III. Mehmed összes ágyasát. Handan végül 1603-ban került a reflektorfénybe, mikoris III. Mehmed meghalt és örököse, Handan fia lépett trónra. Az ifjú szultán, Ahmed csupán 13 éves volt, így szükség volt régensekre is mellette. Ahmed szultánnak két régense volt, édesanyja Handan és tanítója. Handan nem hivatalosan kinevezett régens volt, ám gyakorlatilag hónapkig fia helyett uralkodott, meghallgatásokon vett részt, politikai tisztogatást szervezett (hogy megszabaduljon Safiye Sultan embereitől). Handan élete meglehetősen korán véget ért, 1605-ös halála miatt az egyik legrövidebb ideig uralkodó Valide Sultan lett, mindössze 2 évnyi uralkodással. Ugyanakkor nem felejthetjük el, hogy ő volt az első női régense a birodalomnak. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Halime Sultan, I. Musztafa édesanyja. Handannal ellentétben, Halime, aki szintén III. Mehmed ágyasa volt, nem tűrte Safiye Sultan zsarnokoskodását és igyekezett felvenni a harcot az anyóssal. Ambícióit fia, Mahmud herceg is osztotta, aki többször beszélt nyíltan nagyanyja és apja, a szultán ellen. Safiye és Halime harca 1603 nyarán zárult le, mikor a szultán, Safiye nyomására kivégeztette Mahmud hereceget. Az összetört Halime életét megkímélték, ám hamarosan elszakították tőle másik fiát, Musztafát, akit évekig alig láthatott. Musztafa komoly mentális problémákkal küzdött, ezért is volt meglepő, mikor I. Ahmed halála után végül őt választották örökösnek. Ahmed volt az első szultán, aki trónralépésekor nem végeztette ki fiú testvéreit, ez pedig az öröklésirend megváltozásához vezetett. Innentől nem a fia követte a szultánt a trónon, hanem a legidősebb élő herceg. Musztafa tragikus mentális állapota miatt Halime uralkodott fia helyett, első hivatalos régensként. A politikailag instabil időkben Musztafát trónfosztották, ám hamarosan újra szultánná kiáltották ki. Ezzel pedig Halime lett az első Valide Sultan, aki ugyanazon fia mellett kétszer is Valide Sultan lehetett. Musztafa második trónfosztása után egymástól elzárva élt tovább anya és fia hosszú évekig. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Mahfiruz Hatun, II. Oszmán édesanyja. Mahfiruz I. Ahmed ágyasa volt, aki bár a legidősebb fiú anyja volt, nem ő volt Ahmed kedvenc ágyasa. Mahfiruz személyéről, tetteiről meglehetősen keveset tudunk korai halála miatt. Nem érte meg fia, II. Oszmán 1618-as trónralépését, így sohasem lehetett Valide Sultan. Erre utal neve is, hiszen Mahfiruz Hatunként temették el, nem pedig Mahfiruz Sultanként. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Kösem Sultan, IV. Murad és I. Ibrahim szultánok édesanyja. A görög származású Kösem meglehetősen ingatag politikai és geopolitikai helyzetben találta magát, mikor kedvese I. Ahmed elhunyt. Az örökösödési káosz során elvesztette legidősebb fiát, akit II. Oszmán végeztetett ki. Hamarosan Oszmán is hasonló sorsra jutott, miután fellázadt janicsárok brutáisan meggyilkolták. A kaotikus időszaknak 1623-ban szakadt vége, mikor Kösem fiát IV. Muradot tették meg szultánnak, mindössze 11 évesen. Kösem régensként uralkodott fia helyett hosszú évekig, majd mikor fia elég idős lett az uralkodáshoz, visszavonult. Kösem rengeteget jótékonykodott Valide Sultansága alatt és igyekezett politikai tanácsadója lenni fiának. Muradot - nem lévén élő fia - öccse Ibrahim követte a trónon, aki szintén Kösem fia volt. Ibrahim mentálisan beteg volt, hasonlóan nagybátyjához, így helyette Kösem uralkodott nem hivatalos régensként. Két fia mellett Kösem gyakorlatilag 1623-tól 1648-ig, tehát 25 évig volt Valide Sultan. Végül Ibrahimot trónfosztották és helyébe gyermekét, IV. Mehmedet ültették. A pasák a tapasztalt Kösem Sultant kérték fel, hogy tanítsa be az ifjú szultánt és annak édesanyját Turhan Haticét az uralkodásra. Amíg pedig ez megtörténik, Kösem újra régensi pozícióban találta magát. Ez azonban más volt, mint a korábbi régensségei, meglehetősen megváltozott a szultána és erőszakosan kezdett uralkodni, melynek 1651-es kivégzése vetett véget. Ő volt az első és egyetlen Valide Sultan akit kivégeztek. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Turhan Hatice Sultan, IV. Mehmed édesanyja. Az orosz származású Turhannak meglehetősen nehéz ifjú kora volt a mentálisan beteg I. Ibrahim ágyasaként. A nehéz időszaknak végül 1651-ben szakadt vége, mikor Turhan lett a hivatalos régens fia mellett. Ezt a feladatot csupán néhány évig látta el, majd átadta a hatalmat a fővezírnek. Turhan élete során végig politikailag igen aktív volt, fia rendszeresen kérte ki anyja véleményét, sokszor pedig Turhan maga döntött, lévén fia nem kedvelte az uralkodást. Turhan élete során minden erejével védte nevelt fiait is, akiket IV. Mehmed ki akart végeztetni uralkodásának egy pontján. Turhan Hatice rengeteget jótékonykodó, igazán tisztelt és szeretett Valide Sultan volt, aki monumentális építkezéseket is eszközölt hosszú uralma alatt. Ő volt a leghosszabb ideig uralkodó Valide is, hiszen 32 évig volt hivatalban. 1683-ban bekövetkezett halálakor az egész birodalom gyászba borult és úgy vélte a nép, hogy a birodalom elveszítette utolsó erős és stabil oszlopát. Sajnos igazuk volt, Turhan fiát hamarosan trónfosztották, mert anyja tanácsai nélkül képtelen volt megfelelően uralkodni. Turhan Hatice hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Saliha Dilşub Sultan, II. Szulejmán édesanyja. Saliha Dilaşub hasonlóan Turhanhoz és I. Ibrahim más ágyasaihoz meglehetősen zavaros időket élt meg fiatal korában. Valószínűsíthető, hogy Kösem Sultan egy puccs során őt és fiát szerette volna felhasználni IV. Mehmed és Turhan Hatice ellen 1651-ben. A puccs nem járt sikerrel, Kösem Sultanát kivégeztették, IV. Mehmed és anyja azonban megbocsájtottak Salihának és fiának, Szulejmánnak is. Sőt, Turhan egész életében védelmezte Saliha fiát is. Saliha Dilaşub majd negyven éven keresztül élt a Régi Palotában, fiától elszakítva IV. Mehmed uralkodása során. Végül Mehmed trónfosztása után 1687-ben Saliha elhagyhatta a Régi Palotát, hogy végre fia oldalán Valide Sultan lehessen. Sajnos azonban nem sokáig élvezhette ezt, hiszen nem sokkal később, mindössze 2,5 év uralkodás után elhunyt. Validesége így viszonylag szürke maradt, és bár jótékonykodása ismert, politikailag nem volt ideje aktivizálódni. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Hatice Muazzez Sultan, II. Ahmed édesanyja. Saliha Dilaşubbal és Turhannal együtt Muazzez is I. Ibrahim ágyasa volt és meglehetősen hányatott ifjúkor jutott neki. Helyzete később sem változott, hiszen végig a Régi Palotában töltötte IV. Mehmed uralkodását, alig találkozva fiával, Ahmeddel. Muazzez életéről nagyon keveset tudunk, feltételezhető, hogy Ahmed mellett volt egy lánya is. 1687 szemptemberében hatalmas tűzvész pusztított a Régi Palotában és Muazzez attól rettegve, hogy elevenen elég, szívrohamot kapott és néhány nappal később elhunyt. Alig két hónappal halála után a vele együtt "raboskodó" Saliha Dilaşub elhagyhatta a Régi Palotát, hiszen fia II. Szulejmán lett a szultán. Muazzez fia 1691-ben követte Szulejmánt, II. Ahmed néven. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş Sultan, II. Musztafa és III. Ahmed szultánok édesanyja. Görög származású nő volt, aki rabszolgából lett a Nők szultánátusának utolsó befolyásos asszonya. Élete során volt Haseki és Valide is, a kor két legfontosabb rangját viselte és a legjobbaktól tanult. Ifjúkorában, IV. Mehmed kedvenceként is hatalmas befolyással bírt és politikailag is igen aktív volt. Mikor kedvesét trónfosztották Emetullah a Régi Palotába kényszerült, melyet csak 1694-ben hagyhatott el, mikor Valide Sultan Emetullahból fia II. Musztafa oldalán. Korábbi befolyását még magasabb szintekre emelte, elképesztő befolyással bírt a politikai életre és fiára, amely felkeltette a pasák rosszallását is. Végül fiát trónfosztották 1703-ban, majd hamarosan természetes okokból el is halálozott Musztafa. Emetullah meggyászolta fiát, majd tanulva hibáiból, másik fia, III. Ahmed uralkodása során végig a háttérben maradt és a pasákkal szorosan együttműködött. Rengeteg jótékonyság, építkezés köthető nevéhez. Két fia mellett összesen 20 évig lehetett Valide Sultan. Hosszabb életrajza itt érhető el: link.

Saliha Sultan, I. Mahmud édesanyja. Szerb származású nő volt, akinek II. Musztafa szultán ágyasaként nem volt kiemelt befolyása ám lehetősége volt rengeteget tanulni anyósától, Emetullah Rabia GÜlnüştől. 1696-ban adott életet fiának, majd nemsokkal később, 1703-ban Musztafa trónfosztásával a Régi Palotába költöztették. Itt azonban nem fogadta el háttérbe szorulását, folyamatosan kapcsolatokat épített. 1730-ban végül újra fellélegezhetett, ugyanis fia, I. Mahmud trónra lépett. Fia mellett 9 évig volt Valide Sultan és hasonlóan nagynevű elődjéhez, Emetullah Rabia Gülnüşhöz elképesztő hatalomra tett szert. Mindenki az ő kegyeibe próbált férkőzni, hogy önmaga előrejutását biztosítani tudja. Igyekeztek ajándékokkal lekenyerezni a befolyásos Validét. Uralkodása során több kisebb építkezési projektbe belekezdett, így Isztambulban több általa építtetett kút is fellelhető. Egyik ilyen, az Azapkapı Saliha Sultan Kút Isztambul legszebb vízi építészeti emléke.

Şehsuvar Sultan, III. Oszmán édesanyja. II. Musztafa ágyasa volt, akinek még annyi rivaldafény sem jutott, mint Salihának, ugyanis elő gyermeke 1699-ben született, majd 1703-ban már a Régi Palotában találta magát II. Musztafa trónfosztása után. Hasonlóan Salihához, Şehsuvar sem nevelhette tovább fiát, hiszen a hercegeket a Topkapi Palotába vitték. Végül 1754-ben újra fia oldalán találhatta magát, mikor az III. Oszmán néven a birodalom új szultánja lett. Oszmán, aki évtizedek óta alig találkozhatott anyjával elutasította, hogy azonnal megtartsák a szultánná avatási ceremóniát, ugyanis három napig csak az édesanyjával kívánt időt tölteni. Şehsuvar uralkodása elég rövid volt, ugyanis csupán 1,5 évig lehetett Valide Sultan, mert 1756-ban elhunyt. Ezidő alatt sem politikai sem jótékonysági vagy építkezési projekt nem történt. Néhány politikai ügyben azonban sejthető a szerepe, így nem tekinthető politikailag teljesen inaktívnak.

Mihrişah Kadın, III. Musztafa édesanyja. III. Ahmed ágyasa volt, aki három fiút is szült a szultánnak meglehetősen nagy korkülönbségekkel (1710, 1717, 1728). III. Ahmed trónfosztása után 1730-ban a Régi Palotába költöztették Mihrişaht, ahol két évvel később, 25 évvel fia trónra lépése előtt meghalt. Élete során néhány kisebb építkezési projektje volt még úgy is, hogy sosem lehetett Valide Sultan.

Rabia Şermi Kadın, I. Abdul Hamid édesanyja. Şermi is III. Ahmed ágyasa volt, akinek egyetlen gyermeket szült, 1725-ben, Abdul Hamidot. Şermi több mint 40 évvel fia trónralépése előtt halt meg, 1732-ben. Rövid élete során nem tudott mély nyomot hagyni a történelemben, egyetlen kutat építtetett. Fia később az ő tiszteletére nevezte el egyik gyermekét, Rabiának, ám a kislány nemsokkal születése után meghalt.

Mihrişah Sultan, III. Szelim édesanyja. Mihrişah III. Musztafa ágyasa volt. Érdekes egybeesés, hogy Musztafa édesanyját is Mihrişahnak hívták. A szépséges grúz rabszolga 1757-ben lett Musztafa ágyasa. Három gyermeke született, ám közülük egyedül Szelim élte meg a felnőttkort, két lánya csecsemőként elhunyt. Fiatalkoráról nem sokat tudunk, de minden bizonnyal már ekkor is nagy vagyonnal bírt, ugyanis fenn maradt dokumentumok alapján maga a szultán is tartozott neki. Párja 1774-es hirtelen halála után a Régi Palotába száműzték, ahonnan csak 15 évvel később térhetett vissza, mikor fia, Szelim trónra lépett. Mihrişah 16 évig volt Valide Sultan fia, Szelim mellett. Ezen évek során erőteljesen támogatta fia innovációit. Az ő nevéhez köthető a Topkapi Palota háremének felújítása, de több építési projektje is volt. Mihrişah és fia igen közel álltak egymáshoz, mindent megvitattak és egyesek szerint Szelim minden egyes reggel meglátogatta édesanyját. Ettől függetlenül Mihrişah nem használta ki befolyását, nem avatkozott politikába, inkább vallással és jótékonykodással töltötte idejét. 1805-ben hunyt el.

Sineperver Sultan, IV. Musztafa édesanyja. 1774-ben lett Abdul Hamid ágyasa, majd 1779-ben adott életet fiának. Eddigre Sineperver eltemette már egy fiát. A tragikus emlék miatt Musztafa születése után imákat kért fia egészségéért és minden adósság miatt börtönben ülőnek kifizette adósságát, hogy szabadon bocsáttassanak. Imái meghallgatásra leltek, Musztafa megérte a felnőttkort, akárcsak Sineperver lánya, Esma Sultan. Másik lánya, Fatma viszont első gyermeke, Ahmed sorsára jutott és gyermekként elhunyt. 1789-ben Abdul Hamid meghalt, Sineperver pedig a Régi Palotába költözött. Innen 1807-ben távozhatott, mikor fia, IV. Musztafa szultán lett. Sajnálatos módon Musztafa uralma meglehetősen rövid volt, alig 1 évig ült a trónon, majd trónfosztották és hamarosan kivégezték. Sineperver hátralévő éveit egyetlen élő gyermekének, Esma Sultannak szentelte. 1828-ban halt meg.

Nakşidil Sultan, II. Mahmud édesanyja. Sokáig tartotta magát a teória, hogy Napóleon feleségének Josephinnek távoli rokona, mára azonban bebizonyosodott, hogy grúz származású rabszolga volt. Abdul Hamid ágyasaként 1785-ben adott életet fiának Mahmudnak, ám nem sokáig élvezhette a szultán ágyasaként őt megillető figyelmet. Abdul Hamid 1789-ben elhunyt, Nakşidil pedig a Régi Palotába költözött. 1808-ban mostoha fia, IV. Musztafa lépett trónra, aki elődjét III. Szelimet meggyilkoltatta és merénylőket küldött Nakşidil fia, Mahmud ellen is. Nakşidil elrejtette fiát, így túlélte és puccsal hamarosan szultán lett belőle. Mahmud trónra lépése után azonnal kivégeztette féltestvérét, IV. Musztafát. Nakşidil fia trónralépésével hatalmas ceremónia során költözött vissza a Topkapi Palotába. Ő volt az utolsó Valide, aki a szokásoknak megfelelően így utazott a Régi Palotából a Topkapiba. Ennek egyik oka az volt, hogy pont az ő javaslatára a Topkapi helyett más birodalmi palotákat kezdett előnyben részesíteni a dinasztia. Mahmud uralkodásának korai éveiben rendszeresen konzultált édesanyjával. A Valide Sultan sokat jótékonykodott és voltak kisebb nagyobb építkezési projektjei is. Nakşidil 9 évig lehetett Valide Sultan, mivel 1817-ben tuberkolózisban meghalt. Fia, Mahmud, menye Bezmialem és unokája, Abdulmejid is ebben a betegségben haltak meg.

Bezmialem Sultan, I. Abdulmejid édesanyja. A grúz származású nő, 1822-ben lett II. Mahmud ágyasa. Bezmialemet II. Mahmud féltestvére, Sineperver lánya, Esma Sultan nevelte fel. Talán innen ered kifinomultsága és intelligenciája. 1823-ban adott életet egyetlen gyermekénetk, Abdulmejidnek. 1839-ben II. Mahmud meghalt és Abdulmejid lett a szultán. Fia trónra lépése után Bezmialem 14 évig uralkodott Valide Sultanként. Abdulmejid csupán 16 éves volt, amikor trónra lépett, így anyja igen sokat segítette a korai években. Igen szoros volt a kapocs anya és fia között, gyakran leveleztek egymással, mely leveleket sosem titkárok írták helyettük, hanem önmaguk, saját kezükkel. Amikor a szultán elhagyta a fővárost, mindig anyját tette meg a főváros fejévé távolléte idejére. Bezmialem elhivatott jótékonykodó volt, amiért a nép mérhetetlenül szerette. Emellett építkezési projektjei is ismertté tették, valamint politikai befolyása. Bezmialem tuberkolózisban halt meg 1853-ban, fia pedig összeomlott a hírtől. Anyja halála után a szultán elképesztő mennyiségű pénzt költött a temetésre.

Pertevniyal Sultan, Abdulaziz édesanyja. II. Mahmud kurd vagy román származású ágyasa egyetlen gyermekének, Abdulaziznak 1830-ban adott életet. II. Mahmud 1839-es halála után Abdulaziz bátyja, Abdulmejid lépett trónra. 1861-ben aztán Abdulmejid is elhunyt és Abdulaziz következett. Pertevniyal 15 évig volt Valide Sultan, mely idő alatt elképesztő befolyásra és vagyonra tett szert. Fián korlátlan hatalma volt, melyet ki is használt, rendszeresen befolyásolva az uralkodót. Uralma során többször látott vendégül befolyásos vendégeket a háremben. Az egyik ilyen alkalomnak majdnem diplomáciai botrány lett a vége, mert felpofozta a francia vendéget. Lobbanékony természete mellett azonban rengeteget jótékonykodott és építkezett. Pertevniyal fiát 1876-ban trónfosztották és elzárták a Topkapi Palotában. Hasonló sors várt Pertevniyalra is. Abdulaziz nem bírta elviselni a bezártságot és egy ollóval felvágta ereit. Felmerült a gyilkosság lehetősége is, de az Abdulaziz testét megvizsgáló összes orvos kizárta ezt. Pertevniyal összetört. Egy kis enyhülést hozott számára II. Abdul Hamid trónralépése, aki nagyon szerette Pertevniyalt, így gondoskodott az asszonyról. Pertevniyal élete hátralévő részében a gondjaira bízott gyermekeket nevelt, tanított és visszavonultan élt. 1884-ben halt meg.

Şevkefza Sultan, V. Murad édesanyja. A grúz nő 1839-ben lett Abdulmejid ágyasa. 1840-ben adott életet fiának, Muradnak, akit hamarosan egy kislány követett, aki korán elhunyt. Şevkefza viszonylag szürke szereplője a történelemnek, mindössze 3 hónapig volt Valide Sultan, mivel fiát igen gyorsan trónfosztották mentális állapota miatt. V. Murad 1876-os trónfosztása után Şevkefza szerette volna fiát puccsal visszaültetni a trónra, de Murad nem mutatott érdeklődést. Şevkefsa végül 1889-ben hunyt el valamilyen nyaki daganat következtében.

Tirimüjgan Kadın, II. Abdul Hamid édesanyja. Örmény származású, gyönyörű nő volt, aki 1839-ben lett Abdulmejid szultán kegyeltje. Fia Abdul Hamid 1842-ben született meg, két másik gyermekét pedig korán elvesztette. Tirimüjgan beteges nő volt, aki ettől függetlenül igyekezett mindent megadni fiának. Végül a halál 1852-ben elragadta. Fiát Nergisnihal Hanımra, egyik szolgálójára bízta, aki élete végéig Abdul Hamid mellett maradt. Emellett Tirimüjgan közel állt a szultán egy másik ágyasához, Perestuhoz, így végül a szultán Abdul Hamidot Perestu gondjaira bízta. Perestu akkor már nevelt egy másik elárvult gyermeket, Cemile Sultant, lévén neki magának nem volt saját gyermeke. Cemile és Abdul Hamid végül egy háztartásban nőttek fel. Mikor Abdul Hamid 1876-ban szultán lett névlegesen Perestunak adta a Valide Sultan rangot, amivel ő lett az utolsó nagy Validéje a birodalomnak. Abdul Hamid nyomatékosan megkérte Perestut, hogy ne avatkozzon politikába, amit az asszony szívesen teljesített is. Perestu élete a jótékonykodás volt, kedves természet volt, aki nem rajongott egyébként sem a politikáért. 1904-ben halt meg 28 évnyi uralkodás után.

Gülcemal Kadın, V. Mehmed édesanyja. Bosnyák, nemesi származású asszony volt, aki három gyermeket szült az uralkodónak, Abdulmejidnek. 1851-ben tuberkolózisban halt meg, gyermekeit Servetseza Kadın nevelte fel. Mehmed 1909-ben került trónra, Servetseza azonban nem érte meg ezt a napot, mert 1878-ban ő is meghalt.

Gülüstü Hanım, VI. Mehmed édesanyja. Gülüstü abkház nemesi családtól származott és 1854-ben lett Abdulmejid szultán ágyasa, majd 1861-ben életet adott második gyermekének, egy fiúnak, Mehmednek. Nem sok közös idő adatott meg neki és gyermekeinek, lévén 1865-ben kolerában meghalt. Kislányát Verdicenan Kadın gondjaira bízták, Mehmedet pedig Şayeste Hanım nevelte fel. Şayeste is abkház nemesi család sarja volt, azonban nehezen jött ki Mehmeddel. Mehmed 16 éves korában elhagyta nevelőanyja lakását három hű szolgálójával. Bár kettejük kapcsolata nem volt felhőtlen, Mehmed később is gondoskodott Şayestéről, mert hálás volt neki, amiért felnevelte. Mehmed 1918-ban lett szultán, míg Şayeste 1912-ben halt meg, így sosem lett Valide. Azonban kettejük viszonyából következtetve valószínűleg akkor sem lett volna Valide, ha még életben van Mehmed trónra lépésekor.

A Validék listája, uralkodásuk ideje alapján:

Turhan Hatice Sultan 34 év 11 hónap 2 nap

Rahime Perestu Sultan 28 év 3 hónap 11 nap

Kösem Sultan 24 év 10 hónap 29 nap

Nilüfer Hatun 21 év

Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş 20 év 9 hónap

Mihrişah Sultan 15 év 6 hónap 9 nap

Pertevniyal Sultan 14 év 11 hónap 5 nap

Bezmialem Sultan 13 év 10 hónap

Ayşe Hafsa Sultan 13 év 5 hónap 19 nap

Gülbahar Hatun 11 év

Nakşidil Sultan 9 év 25 nap

Saliha Sultan 9 év 1 nap

Nurbanu Sultan 8 év 11 hónap 23 nap

Safiye Sultan 8 év 11 hónap 7 nap

Gülçiçek Hatun 3 év 1 hónap 4 nap

Dilaşub 2 év 1 hónap 27 nap

Hüma 2 év 1 hónap

Handan Sultan 1 év 10 hónap 18 nap

Halime Sultan 1 év 6 hónap 26 nap

Şehsuvar 1 év 4 hónap

Sineperver Sultan 1 év 1 hónap 29 nap

Devlet Hatun 6 hónap 18 nap

Şevkefza Sultan 3 hónap 1 nap

#Osman I #Orhan I #murad i #bayezid i #mehmed i #murad ii #mehmed ii #Bayezid II #selim i #Suleiman I #Selim II #Murad III #Mehmed III #Ahmed I #Mustafa I #Osman II #Murad IV #ibrahim I #Mehmed IV #Suleiman II #Ahmed II #Mustafa II #Ahmed III #mahmud i #osman iii #mustafa iii #abdulhamid i #selim iii #mustafa iv #mahmud ii

[mc-critical]

Hellooo me spamming your page again lol, I saw in the answer to my ask you count Gülbahar as one of the most toxic mothers in the franchise. Why do you think that is?

Hi! Don't worry about it, I enjoy answering your questions a lot! :)

To be honest, Gülbahar is fascinating to me, not only because she is a very nuanced character and an amazing antagonist to Kösem, but also because she revels in hypocrisy and manipulation in an obvious, yet subtle way. When she met Bayezid, there were quite some scenes, where you couldn't even tell whether she was sincere or not. This whole facade seemed to be a stark contrast to who she was to begin with, but then, honestly, you find that her scenes with Bayezid are the sincerest Gülbahar's ever been and this is exactly how her toxicity as a mother begins.

On one hand, her situation is inherently understandable and sympathetic - she hadn't seen her child in 10 years and due to her being exiled, all she could do, was hope and wait to see him again. Her first scene with Bayezid was her at the bottom of her heart and soul, and I loved it: her seeing him after so many years, the way she hugged him, spoke to him, letting so many feelings reawaken inside of her... I've never seen a mother of the franchise smother her child with as much affection and it was so indescribably profound and touching, precisely because of the situation both were in. And I'm glad to say that this effect was kept consistent with all their scenes and I loved watching all of them, despite of all the problems I have with her motherhood.

On the other hand, this exact same situation is very telling of both her motherhood and her motivations. She endured what no other mother of this franchise had gone through - Without her child, I feel that unlike any of them, she lost touch of her motherhood. She detached from the very concept of it. Never having seen her child for so many years, she could only imagine what he looked like. She missed his growth, she missed his upbringing, she missed his touch, she couldn't hug him, she couldn't show him her love and affection no longer. Ten years doesn't sound as such a long period of time, but for a mother that is away from her child and the child himself, it feels like eternity, with Bayezid even telling Gülbahar that he had forgotten what she looked like. She may have been with him as a very small child, but enough time has passed for her not to remember it anymore. She had no way to remember it anymore.

And with her being so many miles away from a big part of her being she couldn't catch up with, what did she do? Scheme. Plan and scheme to go back to the castle. When her child wasn't there, what was left for her was to focus on the other object of her desire - her ambition to get revenge and put Bayezid on the throne. Her character establishing moment in the second season was a mention of her coup, which says a lot. She attempted a coup: this is the first thing we learned about her. She isn't the type of person to stand by and watch. This ambition had always been inside of her (and normally so), before she was even properly introduced as a main character. She was the rejected woman in Sultan Ahmet's court, even more rejected than Mahfiruze, and I don't think she knew love of any kind all too well, she lived with this desire to urgently get her son on the throne all her life and when she was exiled, it got even stronger with her gaining such vendetta on Sultan Murat and Kösem. She had been feeding up this yoke for years, it becoming what it defines her now.

Yes, she was sending letters to Bayezid, but these letters were as much of her desire to see him, as to use him to convince Murat to bring her back or for Bayezid to go visit her. Now, am I saying that she didn't want to see her child once again? Absolutely not! I feel that Gülbahar's motherly love for Bayezid is tremendous, and a part of her could indeed very well die without achieving what it wanted, but to still die happily, since she finally saw her own child. That's why her sadness and disappointment was so enormously strong, when she thought Bay had turned his back on her. But what I wanted to say is, this everlonging ambition of hers, as the central motive of her character, clouds every possible shred of decent parenting she could've given him. After so much time in exile, I feel she didn't know how to properly protect him.

There comes another aspect of her toxic motherhood - manipulation. In order to achieve her life-long goal, she used him in every possible scenario. From her writing him letters back in her exile, lying to everyone, including him, that she has a terminal illness, setting him up against Murat and Kösem in dangerous ways (I understand why she set him against Murat, because he indeed is very dangerous and unpredictable, but I think that setting him against Kösem was a big auto goal, because she would never work against him unless he personally worked against the country. Kösem loved him to bits, and saw in him her own son, with her telling him he's dead to her, only when he directly threatened her.), doing that all consciously and openly, putting him into the fire herself, while thinking she's right to do so, because he's "in the center of the fire" and "they were born in a war". The way she pretended she was innocent in the beginning and drilled into his head that they both were just misunderstood only empowered his wish to see his mother in the best light possible. Sure, Bayezid didn't idealize her, but the gaping hole in his heart from the separation from her was always standing there, crippling him from within and that made him very prone to her manipulation and it was much easier for him to listen to her - she's something he was denied of for a long time and now that they've reunited with each other... Bayezid probably would rather to be together with her on this path than to give up on the figure he missed so dearly and so wished to see.

Gülbahar played a big part of Bayezid's transition from the envied, but just şehzade that doesn't wish for the throne, to the literal biggest threat to both Murat and Kösem that would do whatever it takes to get the throne. She helped him to see the other side (but especially, Kösem) in limiting extremes, trying so desperately to "introduce" him to her ways. He ultimately turned into a tool for her and when she was saved from death itself, still didn't want to give up on her cause, no matter that this is what her son wanted, telling him that there's no other life for her beside him. Even though she played innocent at first, he was, in fact, the only one she could be sincere to and couldn't play in front of. As the series progressed, as all these scenes followed one another, she told him stuff and what she was telling him, rang more and more true in Bayezid's eyes, until he finally gave in, declaring that what she said was absolutely, always right. I think the scene where Bayezid stood against Kösem highlights best his newfound beliefs: he not only disregarded everything she said, but used elitism on her, the person that had taken care of him during all these years, having such a strong urge to cover for his mother, even though he knew she would never change her ways and he was now okay with that. The former Bayezid would never do any of this, he wouldn't be okay with all this. Gülbahar and Sinan wanted so badly to get Bayezid on their side, without even realizing that this would be their ultimate downfall. Unfortunately, they both only sealed his death.

#magnificent century kosem #magnificent century #gulbahar sultan #ask #stuffandthangs

[ottomanladies]

Sultan Bayezid II + harem and children

Consorts:

Ayşe Hatun (?? - 1512?): daughter of Alâüddevle Bozkurt Bey of the Dulkadir dynasty and possibly niece of Sitti Mukrime Hatun (consort of Mehmed II). She is usually given as mother of Selim I, but she was not. According to Alderson, she died in 1512.

Bülbül Hatun (?? - 1515): mother of Şehzade Ahmed and Hundi Sultan. She was a very charitable person, building a mosque complex in Ladik, another mosque, school and fountain in Amasya and a school in Bursa. When her son was executed by Selim I, she retired to Bursa where she built a tomb for him. She is buried next to her son.

Ferahşad Hatun (?? - after 1521): Şehzade Mehmed’s mother, she is variously called Ferruhşad or Muhterem. It is possible that her whole name was Muhterem Ferruhşad. Upon the death of her son in 1505, she retired to Bursa like it was customary for the mother of a deceased prince. She established a foundation in Silivri n 1521, so she must have died later.

Hüsnüşah Hatun (?? - after 1511): mother of Şehzade Şehinşah and Sultanzade. She followed her son first to Manisa and then to Konya. After Şehzade Şehinşah died, she settled in Bursa where she eventually died. She had built the Hatuniye Mosque in 1490 in Manisa during her son’s governorship there. She wrote to Selim I on behalf of Mevlana Pir Ahmed Celebi, one of Şehzade Şehinşah’s men who had not received a new post after the prince’s death.

(Ayşe) Gülbahar Hatun (?? - 1505): mother of Selim I, she was a slave concubine and not a highborn princess as tradition maintains. She died in Trabzon during her son’s princely post and she was buried in the Hatuniye Tomb there.

Gülruh Hatun (?? - after 1520): mother of Şehzade Alemşah and Kamer Sultan. During the reign of Bayezid II, she used to correspond with him about their son: “My fortune-favored padishah, heed my cry for help, … rid us of [my son’s] tutor, teacher, and doctor. They are masters of corruption…. Send us good Muslims because our situation has been pitiful since these persons arrived. They have deprived me of my mother’s rights…. If these seven do not go, they will utterly destroy the household of my son, your servant”. Alemşah would die because of heavy drinking, and Gülruh Hatun retired to Bursa. She died in the early days of Süleyman the Magnificent’s reign and was buried in the Gülruh Hatun Tomb in the Muradiye Mosque.

Nigar Hatun (?? - 1503): according to Uluçay and Oztuna, she was the mother of Şehzade Korkut and Fatma Sultan. She followed her son first in Manisa and then in Antalya, where she died and was buried.

Şirin Hatun (?-?): mother of Şehzade Abdullah and Aynışah Sultan according to Uluçay. She is not present in Sicill-i Osmani among Bayezid II’s consorts. It is not known when she died but she was buried with her son and daughter in her son’s tomb. She had built a school in Bursa and a mosque in Trabzon.

Children:

Damad Şehzade Abdullah (1465? - 6.11.1483): eldest son of Bayezid II, he was governor of Trabzon, Manisa and Konya, where he died. He is called Damad as well because he had married his cousin Ferahşâd Sultan, daughter of Mehmed II’s son Şehzade Mustafa. With her she had: a son (1481 - 1489), Aynışah Sultan (1482 - ??) and Şâhnisâ Sultan (1484 - ??). Both princesses reached adulthood as they both got married.

Ayşe Sultan (1465? - after 1515): according to Uluçay she may have been sister to Şehzade Ahmed or to Şehzade Korkut. She married Dâmâd Güveği Sinân Paşa around 1480 and had 6 children with him: Sultanzade Ahmed Bey, Sultanzade Mustafa Bey, Hanzade Ayşe Mihrihan Hanımsultan (who later married Dukagin-zâde Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa), Kamer-Şâh Hanımsultan (who later married Ahmed Bey son of Grand Vizier Mesîh Paşa), Fatma Hanımsultan (who later married Ahmed Bey son of Grand Vizier Mesîh Paşa) and Gevherşah Hanımsultan (who later married İbrahim Bey son of Ömer Bey). Ayşe Sultan built a mosque and a school in Gallipoli and in 1505 she established a foundation. She was buried in Istanbul.

Hatice Sultan (1465? - 1500): the identity of her mother is unknown. She firstly married Dâmâd Müderris Kara Mustafa Paşa around 1479 and had two children with him: Sultanzade Ahmed Çelebî (1480?-1500) and Hânzâde Hanımsultân. She secondly married Dâmâd Fâik Paşa sometime after 1483. Hatice Sultan built a mosque, school and fountain in Edirnekapi in Istanbul. She was buried in Bursa in the Hatice Sultan Tomb, built by her son.

Şehzade Ahmed (1466? - 24.4.1513): Selim I’s biggest opponent during the fight for the throne, he was Bayezid II’s favourite son and the one he wanted to be succeeded by. His only known consort was called Bülbül like his mother. Ahmed had several children: Şehzade Murad (1495 - 1519), Şehzade Alaeddin (1496? - 1513), Şehzade Süleyman (1497? - 1513), Şehzade Osman (1498? - 1513), Şehzade Ali (1499? - 1513), Şehzade Mehmed (1500? - 1513), Şehzade Kasim (1501 - 1518), Kamer Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebî), Fatma Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Mehmed Bey), and an unnamed princess (later wife of Dâmâd Silahdar Süleyman Bey)

Şehzade Korkut (1467 - 10.3.1513): another of Selim I’s opponents, he thought that he could quietly take the throne while Selim was busy with their brother Ahmed. He paid the janissaries for their support but when Selim arrived in Istanbul, they switched to his side. Governor of Amasya and then Manisa, he was allowed to return there after Bayezid II’s death but eventually Selim I had him executed. He had four children: two sons who died in infancy and Fatma Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd ‘Alî Bey) and Ferahşad Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Malkoçoğlu ‘Alî Bey and Dâmâd Mehmed Balı Efendi)

Gevherimülûk Sultan (1467? - 1550): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dukaginzâde Dâmâd Ahmed Paşa and had two children with him: Nesl-i Şâh Hanımsultan (who married İskender Paşa) and Sultân-zâde Mehmed Paşa (who married his cousin Hanzade Ayşe Mihrihan Hanımsultan daughter of Ayşe Sultan). Gevherimülûk Sultan built a school near the Zal Mahmud Paşa Mosque, and she was buried there when she died.

Selçuk or Selçukşah Sultan (1469 - 1508): the identity of her mother is unknown. She firstly married Dâmâd Ferhâd Bey around 1484 and had two children with him: Nesl-i Şâh Hanımsultan (1486?-1550?) and Sultânzâde Gaazî Husrev Bey/Paşa (1484?-18.6.1541). She secondly married Dâmâd Mehmed Bey in 1486 and had three daughters with him: Hân-zâde Hanımsultan (who married her cousin, son of İlaldı Sultan), an unnamed daughter who married a son of Halil Paşa, and another unnamed daughter who later married Grand Vizier Yûnus Paşa. Selçuk Sultan died in 1508 and was buried in the Selçuk Sultan Mausoleum inside the Bayezid II Mosque in Istanbul.

Hundi Sultan (around 1470 - 1511): daughter of Bülbül Hatun and Şehzade Ahmed’s sister. She married Hersekzade Ahmed Paşa in 1484 and with him had: Sultânzâde Mûsâ Bey; Sultânzâde Mustafa Bey (governor of Bozok in 1533); Kamer-Şâh Hanım-Sultân; Hümâ-Şâh Hanım-Sultân (died after 1551)

Selim I (1470/1471 - 21 September 1520): 9th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Şehzade Şehinşah (1474 - 1511): governor of Manisa and then Konya, he died at 37 years old and was buried in Bursa in the Muradiye Mosque near the Şehzâde Mustafa Tomb. His only known consort was Mükrime Hatun, mother of his son Şehzade Mehmed-Şah, who later married his own cousin Şahnisa Sultan, daughter of Şehzade Abdullah.

Şehzade Mahmud (1475 - 1507?): governor of Kastamonu and later of Manisa, where he died at 32 years old. He had three sons and two daughters: Şehzade Orhan, Şehzade Musa, Şehzade Emir-Süleyman (all executed on Selim I’s orders in 1512), Ayşe Hundi Sultan (later wife of Damad Ferruh Bey), Hançerli Fatma Sultan (later wife of Damad Mehmed Bey)

Şehzade Mehmed (1476? - 12.1504): governor of Kefe, where he died. He was married to a princess of the Giray Dynasty, and had two children: Fatma Sultan (1500? - 1556) and Şehzade Mehmed (1505 - 1515, postumous)

Şehzade Alemşah (1477 - 1502): governor of Menteşe and then Manisa, where he died. He had a son and two daughters: Şehzade Osmanşah (1492 - 1512), Ayşe Sultan (later wife of Sultanzade Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebî, son of Bayezid II’s daughter Fatma Sultan) and Fatma Sultan (?? - after 1520)

Aynışah Sultan (?? - after 1512): daughter of Şirin Hatun and sister of Şehzade Abdullah, she married Akkoyunlu Damad Göde Ahmed Bey in 1490. She had two daughters with him: Hanzade Hanımsultan (who later married Sultanzade Yahyapaşazade Balı Paşa) and an unnamed daughter who married her cousin Şehzade Alaeddin, son of Şehzade Ahmed. Aynışah Sultan built a school in Istanbul and established a foundation in 1506. She was one of the princesses who sent letters of congratulations to Selim I when he became sultan. She died after 1512 and was buried next to her mother and brother in Bursa.

Hüma/Hümaşah Sultan (?? - after 1504): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Antalyalı Balı Paşa around 1482, but seemed not to have had any children. She was buried in Bursa near the Muradiye Tomb.

İlaldı Sultan (?? - before 1518): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Ahmed Ağa (later Hâin Ahmed Paşa), governor of Rumelia and later governor or Egypt and Second Vizier. With his she had two children: Şâh-zâde Ayn-i Şâh Hanımsultan (who later married Abdüsselâm Çelebî) and a son (who later married a daughter of Selçuk Sultan). İlaldı Sultan wrote a letter of congratulations to Selim I on his accession. It is not known when she died and where she was buried.

Kamer or Kamerşah Sultan (?? - ??): daughter of Gülruh Hatun, she was married to Damad Nişancı Kara Davud Paşa. She had a daughter who later married one Mesih Bey. She was buried in the tomb of her mother in Bursa.

Şah or Şehzade Şah Sultan (?? - after 1506): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Nasûh Bey around 1490 and had a daughter with him. Both husband and wife were very involved in charity deeds, and Şah Sultan even built a mosque in 1506. When she died she was buried in her sister Hatice’s mausoleum in Bursa.

Şah-zade Sultan (?? - 1520): according to Oztuna, she was a different princess from Şah. She married Malkoçoğlu Dâmâd Yahyâ Pasha in 1501/1502 and had three sons with him: Sultanzade Yahyapaşazade Gaazî Küçük Balı Paşa (?? - 1543), who married his cousin Hanzade Hanımsultan (daughter of Aynışah Sultan); Sultanzade Gaazî Koca Mehmed Paşa (?? - 2.1548), and Sultanzade Gaazî Ahmed Bey (?? - after 1543)

Sofu Fatma Sultan (?? - after 1515): daughter of Nigâr Hatun and sister of Şehzade Korkut. She married Dâmâd Güzelce Hasan Bey around 1504 and had two children with him: Sultanzade Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebi (who later married Ayse Sultan daughter of Şehzade Alemşah) and an unnamed daughter, who later married Ahmed Bey, son of Ali Bey and Fatma Hanımsultan (daughter of her sister Ayse). She was a very charitable person and left all her possession to the poor when she died. She was buried in the tomb of her half-brother Şehzade Ahmed in Bursa.

Sultanzade Sultan (?? - ??): daughter of Hüsnüşah Hatun and sister of Şehzade Alemşah, nothing else is known about her.

#anon #ask post #ask: ottoman history #*consortsandchildren #bayezid ii #ayse hatun #bulbul hatun #ferahsad hatun #husnusah hatun #ayse gulbahar hatun #gulruh hatun #nigar hatun #sirin hatun #ayse sultan daughter of bayezid ii #hatice sultan daughter of bayezid ii #gevherimuluk sultan daughter of bayezid ii #selcuk sultan daughter of bayezid ii #hundi sultan daughter of bayezid ii #selim i #aynisah sultan daughter of bayezid ii #huma sultan daughter of bayezid ii #ilaldi sultan daughter of bayezid ii #kamer sultan daughter of bayezid ii #sah sultan daughter of bayezid ii #sahzade sultan daughter of bayezid ii #sofu fatma sultan daughter of bayezid ii #sultanzade sultan daughter of bayezid ii

[fatihdaily]

Bayezid II as a prince and sultan

Part 2 of this ask  

As a prince:

- Bayezid II was born to Sultan Mehmed II (then still a prince) and a slave concubine Gülbahar Hatun in January 1448, in Thracian Dimotika.

- He was circumcised together with his brother Mustafa on 17th March 1457.

- Before he was ten, he was made a governor of Amasya, where he moved with his mother.

- While he was a governor of Amasya and commander of border troops, Mehmed II ordered him to execute his own lala, Hayreddin Hizir Pasha. Hayreddin was accused of receiving Uzun Hasan and trying to arrange a marriage between Bayezid and Uzun Hasan’s daughter without Mehmed’s knowledge and of receiving gifts from Uzun Hasan without passing them to Mehmed. Babinger also mentions another version in which Mehmed harboured suspicion against his own son and ordered Hayreddin Hizir Pasha to poison his own son, but later retracted and it was Hayereddin who was put do death instead. Bayezid was then ordered to take up troops against Uzun Hasan.

- Generally, Bayezid and Mehmed’s relationship was very strained. They had very different characters and they often clashed when Bayezid was governor of Amasya. Another example: in 1476 Bayezid received an order from his father to  to kill the scholar Muayyadzade, with whom he was displeased. Instead of executing the mullah, Bayezid warned him of the danger, provided with money and helped to escape. Bayezid’s court in Amasya pretty much served as a place of refuge for people who fell out of Mehmed’s favour.

- While Mehmed educated himself in accordance with Byzantine and Classical legacy, Bayezid preferred to study Islamic science, philosophy, poetry and mysticism.

- He took part in several campaigns of his father. Most importantly, he “had served commander of the east Anatolian frontier during his father’s reign and distinguished himself in campaigns against Uzun Hasan and the Akkoyunlu”. (Caroline Finkel).

- Babinger speculates that Bayezid might have poisoned his (at that point ill with gout) father because their relations got later even more violent. Babinger also mentions that Bayezid received a letter in April 1481, informing him that the Grand Vizier Karamani Mehmed Pasha had persuaded Mehmed to appoint Cem as his succesor. Babinger thinks that while Mehmed was ill, his gout wasn’t that serious, and that someone “helped” him to die. It is however more of a pure speculation; Babinger does not cite any convincing sources and he generally seems to be biased against Bayezid (e.g. calling him “mystical and bigoted”). There are even footnotes from editors in Babinger’s book that sources do not generally support this theory.

Fighting for the throne

When Mehmed died, Karamani Mehmed Pasha, the Grand Vizier, hid the fact and sent messengers to  Şehzade Cem to come claim the throne as soon as possible. Mehmed Pasha wanted to prevent Bayezid from becoming sultan.

The news about Mehmed’s demise spread however and the army wanted to check whether their padishah is alive. When he failed to appear before them, they broke into the palace and saw the lifeless body. In fury, they killed Mehmed Pasha on the spot.

Meanwhile, all three messengers sent to Cem were arrested. Bayezid had two sons-in-law in the army. The first was the agha of the Janissaries, Sinan Aga; the other was governor of Anatolia. The former and future Grand Vizier Ishak Pasha (the husband of Hatice Halime Hatun, Mehmed’s stepmother), with the help of jannisary commander Sinan Aga, proclaimed Bayezid a sultan and nominated his son Şehzade Korkut as a regent until Bayezid reached the capital.

Bayezid reached Üsküdar on 20th May 1481. Cem however did not accept his brother as a sultan and began a civil war which lasted for over a year, when Cem ran away to Rhodes, and then travelled to several other European countries.

As a sultan

André Clot also refers to Bayezid as an opposite of his father. He was very religious,and ascetic. For example, when he ascended the throne, he ordered to destroy or sell paintings by Italian artists that Mehmed had purchased.

Bayezid was also not fond of war. He only engaged in it when it was necessary. During first years of his reign, there was a constant threat of Cem co-operating with Western European monarchs to invade the Ottoman Empire. Thus, Bayezid didn’t want to tire his army and put all effort to make his country internally stronger, improving administration and economy. Only after Cem died in 1495 in Naples, Bayezid began engaging in wars. He commenced fighting with Venice for the dominance on the Adriatic Sea. Mehmed II began the creation of Ottoman fleet, but Bayezid made it powerful. Bayezid conquered Lepanto, Modon, Koron and Navarino. In 1502, both sides signed a treaty, which was humiliating for Venice. All conquered fotresses remained in Ottoman’s hands and Venice had to pay tribute for Zante.The Ottoman Empire became an important power on the Mediterranean Sea. During Bayezid’s reign, also the first Ottoman-Mamluk war took place from 1485 to 1491. Mamluks were later to be conquered by Bayezid’s successor, Selim I.

However, Bayezid’s strength lay mainly in making the Empire stronger internally He introduced new fiscal solutions to ensure financing for potential campaigns as well as financial reserves. He also introduced new tax on households, called avariz, the revenues of which formed a separate fund. Bayezid’s reforms led to economic prosperity. During Bayezid’s reign, countless public buildings and objects of infrastructure were built. Bayezid also brought Jewish refugees from Spain to the Ottoman Empire (Jews were at the time persecuted by Spanish Inquisition). Bayezid was a great administrator and thanks to his reforms later conquests by Selim Yavuz and Suleiman the Magnificent were possible.

Bayezid supported many poets, artists and learned men. For example, he supported the historian Ibn Kemal, who wrote the history of Ottoman Empire Al-i Osman Tarihi (The History of the House of Osman) and Idris Bitlisi, author of a monumetal work entitled Hasht Bihisht (Eight Paradies), which covered the reigns of first eight Ottoman sultans. He was a musician and a poet himself. Bayzeid was also surrounded by many preachers and members of ulema. 

Last years of Bayezid’s reign were characterised by a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the newly emerged Safavid dynasty. Bayezid’s hesitance to provoke Shah Ismail put him at odds with his son Selim, who even organised raids on Safavids without his father’s consent. In 1511, Bayezid had to deal with a rebellion led by Şahkulu, one of Ismail’s supporters and propagator of his teachings (Shia Islam, while the religion dominant in the Ottoman Empire was Sunni Islam). The rebellion ended the same year, but it changed the power dynamics in the Ottoman dynasty. Selim gained strength due to his role in dealing with rebellion and was moreover frustrated with his father favouring his older brother, Ahmed. On the contrary, Ahmed had his father’s peaceful nature and similarly wasn’t against a decisive action against the Safavids. Additionally, troops that were in Anatolia under Ahmed’s command sustained big losses against the Safavids. Korkut also proved himself in deafeating the rebels and similarly was angry about Bayezid’s support of Ahmed. During the succession war that started during Baeyzid’s lifetime, Selim finally forced his father to abdicate on 25th April 1512. Bayezid wanted to spend his final days on contemplation in Dimotika, but died on the road on 26th May 1512, likely due to poison administered to him upon the order of Selim.

Sources

- Babinger, Franz. Mehmed the Conqueror and his time. Princeton Univ. Press, 1992 .

-  Finkel, Caroline. Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923. Basic Books.2005.

- Clot, André. Suleiman the Magnificent : The Man, His Life, His Epoch. London: Saqi Books.1992.

- Shaw Stanford J. Historia Imperium Osmańskiego i Republiki Tureckiej. Tom 1. 1280-1800. Dialog. 2012.

#anonymous #answered #bayezid ii #ottoman history #history

[queenkosemsultanilk]

Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem

Resumen del capítulo 21(51) ¡El sultán Murad, que conquistó a Revan, vuelve a la capital! Gülbahar Sultan está siendo demolida por la ejecución del Principe Bayezid! ¡Día a día el Principe Ibrahim está empeorando! ¡El sultán Murad pregunta y le pide cuentas por la carta enviada por Kösem Sultan! ¡Gulbahar Sultan confiesa que con quien trabaja es Sinan Pashá! ¡El Sultán Murad declara que el trono pasará de padre a hijo! Kösem Sultan y los Príncipes caen al fuego! Sultan Murad da un juicio sobre sus hermanos! @queenkosemsultanilk El Magnífico Siglo Kösem en FOX el martes por la noche. Ozd 21. Bölüm Özeti  Revan’ı fetheden Sultan Murad payitahta dönüyor! Gülbahar Sultan, Şehzade Bayezid’in idamıyla yıkılıyor! Şehzade İbrahim gün geçtikçe kötüleşiyor! Sultan Murad, Kösem Sultan’a gönderdiği mektubun hesabını soruyor! Gülbahar Sultan beraber çalıştığı paşayı itiraf ediyor! Sultan Murad, tahtın babadan oğula geçeceğini ilan ediyor! Kösem Sultan ve Şehzadeler ateşe düşüyor! Sultan Murad kardeşleri hakkında bir hüküm veriyor! Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem Salı akşamı FOX’ta Chapter Summary 21(51) Sultan Murad, who conquered Revan, is returning to pay! Gülbahar Sultan is being demolished by the execution of Prince Bayezid! Prince Ibrahim day is getting worse! Sultan Murad asks the account of the letter he sent to Kösem Sultan! Gulbahar Sultan confesses to the Sinan Pasha he works with! Sultan Murad declares that the throne will pass from father to son! Kösem Sultan and Princes are on fire! Sultan Murad gives a judgment about his brothers! Gorgeous Century Kosem at FOX on Tuesday evening

#Magnificent Century Kösem #Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem #siglo Magnífico Kösem

[magnificentlyreused]

This blue and golden kaftan was first worn by Şehzade Bayezid in the fourth episode of the second season of as well as promotional material for Magnificent Century: Kösem.

It mostly hidden underneath a cloak when it is worn again by Efsun in the seventh episode of the second season of Tozkoparan İskender.

#Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem #Magnificent Century Kösem #Magnificent Century Kosem #Tozkoparan İskender #period drama #costume drama #historical drama #Şehzade Bayezid #Sehzade Bayezid #Şehzade Bayezid (Son of Gülbahar) #Efsun #reused costumes #recycled costumes

[magnificentlyreused]

This black and silver kaftan was first worn by Mehmed III Giray in the first episode of the first season of Magnificent Century: Kösem. It was worn again by Şehzade Bayezid in the fourteenth episode of the second season.

#Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem #Magnificent Century Kösem #Magnificent Century Kosem #period drama #costume drama #historical drama #Mehmed Giray #Mehmed III Giray #Şehzade Bayezid #Sehzade Bayezid #Şehzade Bayezid (Son of Gülbahar) #reused costumes #recycled costumes

[ottomanladies]

Mehmed II + harem and children

Gülbahar Hatun: she was a non-muslim slave who was converted after her arrival in the harem, since she was referred to as "Gülbahar Hatun binti Abdullah", which is how non-muslim concubines who were converted were called. In a document regarding the purchase of a place in Amasya, she’s called “the queen of queens, crown and praise of esteemed women, auspicious and benevolent Gülbahar Hatun binti Abdullah”. There is no agreement on her origins, Babinger says she was of lowly Slav origins; other historians think she was Albanian. She was the mother of Gevherhan Hatun and of the future Bayezid II. She signed her letters to her son as “Valide Hatun”, where she complained she didn’t see him enough. Bayezid II built a mosque in her honour in Edirne, which was destroyed in the 20th century. She died in 1492 and was buried in her mausoleum inside the Fatih Mosque.

Sitti Mükrime Hatun: she was the daughter of Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadir State. After the second Kosovo victory, Murad II decided to establish an alliance with the Dulkadir State against the Karamanids. The wife of Hızır Ağa was sent to choose the bride and she decided on Mükrime, described as the most beautiful of Süleyman Bey’s daughters. The wedding celebrations lasted three months, no other wedding was celebrated for so long, but the marriage produced no children. Mehmed II and Sitti Hatun tranferred to Manisa, on Murad II’s orders. When Mehmed became sultan, they moved to Edirne and she continued to live there even after her husband had conquered Istanbul. After Mehmed’s death, she obtained permission from Bayezid II to build a mosque in Edirne. She died in September 1486 and was buried in a mausoleum built inside her mosque.

Çiçek Hatun: her origins are unknown. It is said she was Serbian, Greek, Venetian or even French. She was the mother of Ottoman claimant Sultan Cem, whom she gave birth to on 22 December 1459. It is not known the degree of influence she enjoyed during Mehmed II’s reign or if she was particularly favoured by him. She accompanied her son to Konya in 1474 and then to Cairo when he lost his battle for the throne against Bayezid II. Çiçek Hatun was her son’s most loyal ally and fought incessantly for him even during his captivity in Europe. She died in Cairo on 3 May 1498.

Gülşah Hatun: there is no information about her origins, she joined Mehmed’s harem when he was governor of Manisa. She gave birth to her only son Şehzade Mustafa in 1450 and followed him to Konya when he became governor of the province. The prince died on 25 December 1474 and she retired to Bursa afterwards, where she built a tomb for him. She died in 1487.

Anna Hatun: the daughter of Trabzon Greek emperor David Komnenos and Helena Kantakuzenos. Her father suggested the marriage but Mehmed II did not accept it. Nevertheless, when Trabzon was taken in 1461, Anna entered the harem and stayed there for two years, after which Mehmed II married her off to Zaganos Mehmed Pasha.

Helena Hatun: daughter of the Despot of Morea Demetrios Paleologos, Mehmed II asked for her after his campaign in Morea, having heard of her beauty. In the end he never bedded her because he was afraid she would poison him, and she died in Edirne before 1470.

Hatice Hatun: daughter of Zaganos Mehmed Pasha

Children:

Gevherhan Hatun: daughter of Gülbahar Hatun and thus full-sister of Bayezid II, she must have been born before 1448. She married Uğurlu Mehmed Mirza, son of Ak Koyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan Bey, in 1746, and had a son with him, Göde Ahmed Bey. Her husband was appointed governor of Sivas by Mehmed II but died only a year later, in 1477, assassinated. It is said that Sinan Paşa, who was very influential during Bayezid II’s reign, was married to the sultan’s own sister. It is possible that Gevherhan remarried after 1477 or that she had a sister. Her date of death is unknown but she died in Istanbul and was buried in the mausoleum of her mother.

Bayezid II (12.1447/1.1448 - 10.6.1512): son of Gülbahar Hatun, 8th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Şehzade Mustafa (1450 - 15.12.1474): son of Gülşah Hatun. Governor of Konya until his death. Had a son called Hali.

Şehzade (Sultan) Cem (22.12.1459 - 25.2.1495): son of Çiçek Hatun, governor to Konya after his brother Mustafa's death and claimant to the Ottoman throne after the death of Mehmed II. Father of Şehzade Murad, Şehzade Oğuz and a daughter who married firstly the Mameluke Sultan Nasir Mehmed and secondly Mustafa Bey (son of Sinan Paşa). Şehzade Murad and his two sons were executed by Süleyman I in 1522.

Ayşe Hatun: appears only in The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty by Alderson.

Unnamed Princess: according to Alderson she married Hasan Bey, son of Candaroğlu İsmail Bey

Unnamed Princess: according to Alderson, she was Mehmed II's fourth daughter.

Şehzade Nureddin: Alderson gave no information about him.

sources:

Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty

Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları

M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları

#anon #ask post #ask: ottoman history #gulbahar hatun #sitti mukrime hatun #cicek hatun #gulsah hatun #anna hatun #helena hatun #gevherhan hatun daughter of mehmed ii #bayezid ii #sehzade mustafa son of mehmed ii #sultan cem #mehmed ii

[fatihdaily]

Hi 🌸 I wanna know more about Beyazid II like his life as a prince and as a sultan, his wives and children (besides Selim I of course)

Thank you for your question. We want to give you an answer that is as accurate as possible, so we double-check all our sources, and due to how comprehensive this answer is going to be, we decided to split it up. I will start with his wives and Joanna, Lina and Veronica will work on the rest, so we kindly ask you to come back in a couple of days for that.

Gülbahar Hatun

Her name and her identity as a whole is disputed—it’s difficult to determine whether Gülbahar and Ayşe were two different wives or not. The oldest source on this, as well as Babinger and Alderson, identify Ayşe as Selim I’s mother, however, according to Sicill-i Osmanî, her name is Gülbahar.

Gökbilgin and Danişmend support the theory that Ayse, daughter of the Bey of Dulkadir, was Bayezid’s lawfully wedded wife and Selim’s mother, and Gökbilgin claims that Ayşe might have been Gülbahar. Sakaoğlu, however, states that there is no further information on Ayşe and proposes that one source of confusion could be that Bayezid’s own mother was also called Gülbahar. He writes that there is no doubt that Ayşe was lawfully wedded to Bayezid, but that there is no indication of her being Selim’s mother, and he notes that it is curious that, when Selim had Ayşe’s father—and therefor, if she was indeed his mother, his grandfather—executed, chroniclers did not mention this fact.

Therefor she might have been Maria, the daughter of a Pontic Greek priest, or Ayşe, the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey

In keeping with the former, she supposedly was captured during the conquest of Trabzon and given to Bayezid

She gave birth to Selim I when Bayezid was still a şehzade and later accompanied Selim to Trabzon and Samandıra

Selim had the Hatuniye Külliyesi built in her name

She died before her son ascended the throne, and is buried in the Gülbahar Hatun Camii in Trabzon that was built in honor of her

According to Halil Edhem Eldem, archaeologist, the inscription of her tomb reads: “May Bânû-yı Rûm, who has turned her face from the world towards eternity, sit on the throne of Heaven and may God bless her”

Nigar Hatun

Her vakfiye reads “daughter of Abdullah”, this indicates that she was a slave concubine who converted to Islam upon entering the harem

She gave birth to Fatma Hatun, Ayse Hatun and Şehzade Korkut when Bayezid himself was still a şehzade

When Mehmed II died and Bayezid ascended the throne, she accompanied him to Constantinople

As expected of her, she went with Korkut when he was sent to Manisa and Antalya to govern

After Selim I had his brother executed, she returned to Antalya

Hüsnüşah Hatun

Some sources identify her as the mother of one Nasuh Bey, however, Sakaoğlu says that this is incorrect since she’s referred to as Hüsnüşah, daughter of Abdullah (see above)

She was the mother of Şehzade Şehinşah and Sultanzade Hatun

She corresponded with Selim I on behalf of Mevlana Pir Ahmed Çelebi, a scholar who had been at her sons court, and who was neglected when the members of the prince’s household were assigned new posts

She had the Hatuniye Mosque Complex built in Manisa, one of the “most beautiful” ones

Şirin Hatun

Her vakifye also describes her as “daughter of Abdullah”, so she too would have been a converted slave concubine

She gave birth to Bayezid’s first son, Şehzade Abdullah, when he was still a şehzade, and was the mother of Aynışah Hatun

Şirin accompanied Abdullah when he was sent to govern Manisa and Karaman

After her son’s death, she went to Bursa and later had a tomb built for him, where she would be buried

Sakaoğlu states she also had a mosque built in Trabzon

Gülruh Hatun

Mother of Şehzade Alemşah and Kamerşah Hatun

Alemşah was sent to govern Manisa, and Gülruh accompanied him

She put much effort into protecting her son, whose conduct Bayezid seems to have found unsatisfactory, as he ordered her to discipline him

In a letter to Bayezid she states “I have done everything I can to preserve order“ and Peirce writes “[she] goes on to present her case against seven members of her son’s suite—including his tutor (lala), his doctor, and his preceptor—to whom she attributes responsibility for the problems“ and expresses concerns about her son’s health

I will include an excerpt of her letter below:

My fortune-favored padishah, heed my cry for help,… rid us of [my son’s] tutor, teacher, and doctor. They are masters of corruption…. Send us good Muslims, because our situation has been pitiful since these persons arrived. They have deprived me of my mother’s rights…. If these seven do not go, they will utterly destroy the household of my son, your servant.

According to Uluçay, she had a mosque and a soup kitchen built in Akhisar, Aydın Güzelhisar and Duraklı

She died in the early days of Süleyman’s reign

Bülbül Hatun

Mother of Şehzade Ahmed and Hundi Hatun

Bayezid favored their son Ahmed as his successor, who was Selim’s principal rival

Sakaoğlu describes her as “benevolent”; she had built and endowed a religious college in Bursa, and a mosque and a soup kitchen in Ladik

In Amasya, she had another mosque, a school and a fountain built

She also had a tomb built for Ahmed, in which she was buried at her death

Ferruhşad/Ferahşad Hatun

Mother of Şehzade Mehmed

According to Sakaoğlu, Bursa’s registry refers to her as Muhterem Hatun; he suggests that she might have carried the double name Muhterem Ferruhşad

After her son’s death, she retired to Bursa

She established a foundation in Silivri in 1521

Mühümaz Hatun

Alderson names her as the mother of Şehzade Korkut and states that Fisher says he was the full-brother of Selim, and therefor son of Ayşe/Gülbahar

However, Uluçay corrected Şehzade Korkut’s mother as Nigar Hatun (see above), likewise  Sicill-i Osmanî does not mention a Mühürnaz/Mihrinaz among Bayezid’s wives

Therefor her existence/identity is disputed

Unnamed Hatun

Uluçay does not list her at all; Sakaoğlu refers to H. Hüsameddin, who writes that Bayezid’s first wife was the oldest daughter of Emir Bey

Alderson lists her as the mother of Şehzade Mahmud and Gevheri Muluk

Sources:

Alderson, Anthony Dolphin: The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Greenwood Press, 1982

Binous,  Jamila:  Early Ottoman Art: The Legacy of the Emirates, Museum With No Frontiers, 2002

Peirce, Leslie: The Imperial Harem. Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, 2010

Sakaoğlu, Necdet: Famous Ottoman Women, Avea, 2007

Sakaoğlu, Necdet: Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları. Valide Sultanlar, Hatunlar, Hasekiler, Kadınefendiler, Sultanefendiler,  Basım Yayım Dağıtım San. ve T ic. Ltd. Şti, 2015

Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay: Padişahların kadınları ve kızları, Ankara, Ötüken. 2011

#Anonymous #answered #bayezid ii #history

[fatihdaily]

Mehmed Bir Cihan Fatihi episode 1 - summary

It is quite long, so I put it behind the cut.

The episode begins with a vision of little Mehmed accompanied by a voice-over of adult Mehmed. Mehmed recalls how he became a sultan before he turned 12, and how he always dreamed to prove himself on a battlefield, especially to his father (and to fight with his father on campaigns). He ends the monologue with stating that when his dream was about to be fulfilled, it didn’t happen as he had hoped…

Then we see the 2nd battle of Kosovo in 1448 in which Mehmed took part, and after the battle scene we see Sultan Murad II talking to his pashas. Murad is told by Çandarlı Halil Pasha that while they won the battle, their losses are huge (21,000 dead). Candarli blames everything on Mehmed’s recklessness. Lala Pasha (Mehmed’s teacher) defends Mehmed, stressing his bravery. Mehmed finally arrives to his father’s camp and explains that everything would have been different if they had finally conquered Constantinople. He then tries to explain his plans about how to conquer the city to his father and the pashas, while Murad tries to stop him. Ultimately, Çandarlı tells him not to speak anymore and says conquering Constatinople is impossible otherwise his father would have done it already. 

Next scene is set in 1451, in Edirne. Murad lies on his deathbed and Çandarlı is by his side. Murad warns Çandarlı that Mehmed’s dream about Constantinople may be disastrous for the Empire. Murad dies and Çandarlı forbids anyone to announce that the padishah died.

In Manisa, Mehmed sees Daye Hatun, who tells him that his son Bayezid misses his mother, Gülbahar. She pleads that  Gülbahar had no bad intentions, only defended Mehmed to Murad. Mehmed replies she shouldn’t have interfered in his relations with his father and that she must suffer her punishment (exile).

Back in Edirne, Çandarlı tells his daughter Melike he doesn’t want anyone to know about Murad’s death. He still however sends a messenger to Mehmed to Manisa, informing him about his father’s death. Ishak Pasha talks about this with Çandarlı, teling him that Mehmed must remember when the two of them dethroned him when he was a child sultan and as such may now take revenge and execute them. Ishak proposes crowning Şehzade Orhan, a hostage in Byzantium, instead, especially since Constantinople is closer to Edirne than Manisa. Çandarlı however replies that the state is more important than their heads, but they will still try to save their lives.

In Constantionople, Orhan is invited to Emperor Constantine because of a letter that came addressed to him from Edirne. When Orhan visits Contantine, the Emperior tells him that Çandarlı sent a message stating that Sultan Murad had died. Constantine wants to put Orhan on the Ottoman throne because he knows Orhan will continue Murad’s non-aggressive policy towards Byzantium. He gives Orhan his soldiers and also arranges a  political marriage between his Grand Duke Notaras’ daughter Eleni and Orhan.

Eleni is a well-educated young girl, interested in architecture, who has no plans of getting married. She’s angry and upset at the prospect of marrying Orhan also because she considers Ottomans to be barbarians. 

Mehmed and his people prepare for the journey to Edirne. Sahabettin Pasha suggests to Zaganos Pasha they may finally have revenge on Çandarlı, but Sahabettin rejects the idea. Mara Hatun comes to say goodbye to her stepson and Mehmed thanks her for everything and asks for her blessing. She tells him to remove doubts from his heart and that he’s always been worthy of his father and will always be.

Constantine goes to a witch to ask her who will ascend the Ottoman throne, Orhan or Mehmed. She however refuses to tell him anything until he “stops holding Orhan’s hand”.

Grand Duke Loukas Notaras is a leader of a secret anti-Ottoman group aiming to protect Byzantium. He asks one of the members to assassinate Mehmed on his way to Edirne and other members to protect and supportt Orhan. The person entrusted with the task asks for help a mysterious woman, Evdoksiya. Eleni begs her father not to sell her for Byzantium, but Notaras replies he would sacrifice a thousand of his children for Byzantium. Eleni curses her father and vows revenge on him. Constantine says he doesn’t trust Çandarlı and his brother Demetrios says he doesn’t trust Orhan because he may turn against Byzantium to prove himself. Theodora tells Constantine marrying Eleni to Orhan against her will may turn out to be a bad idea because she’s seen the despair, fire and anger in the girl’s’ eyes, and this anger may later be turned against them. It is revealed Theodora and Demetrios are in a relationship.

Meanwhile, Mehmed and his people find Evdoksiya on the route. She pretends to be hurt as a result of a bandit attack. Mehmed however correctly guesses that those are not bandits, but the Byzantines, who were informed about his father’s death by Çandarlı. Mehmed and his people come to face the Byzantines in the “trap” and defeat them. After the fight is over, one of Mehmed’s men thanks the unconscious Evdoksiya for winning some time for their cause. Delibaș tells Mehmed they should not abandon Evdoksiya in her condition. Later at night, Delibas says hopefully Evdoksiya will survive because Mehmed will likely want to reward her for warning him about the trap. When Delibaș and other Mehmed’s men leave sleeping Evdoksiya in a tent, she wakes up, takes a knife and approaches Mehmed’s tent. However, Mehmed unexpectedly orders his people to leave before the night is over. Delibaș notes Evdoksiya disappeared. Indeed, she took one of their horses and galloped away.

Orhan has nightmares in which he has flashbacks of himself as a young boy witnessing the execution of his father upon the order of Murad II. Eleni comes to the tent and scared Orhan awakens and attacks her. She explains she only came to fetch a blanket and he tells her to sleep in his tent instead and goes outside and sits by the fire, but painful flashbacks still haunt him.

Meanwhile, Byzantines get in touch with Ishak Pasha and promise him riches and the position of Grand Vizier if he supports Orhan in winning the throne. Ishak agrees and goes to see a janissary commander, Kurcu Dogan, whom he also bribes and promises money for all janissaries if they support Orhan. He confides in Kurcu Murad is dead and the new padishah should obey old rules and traditions, not be a dreamer. One of young recruits, Korkut, listens to the conversation, unnoticed by both men.

Çandarlı receives a Hungarian envoy, who informs him that if Mehmed ascends the throne, the Hungarian king will terminate the peace treaty.

Esleme, Çandarlı s younger daughter, meets Korkut and prompts him to ask for her hand. She says her mother was also commoner, yet her father married her anyway because he loved her. Korkut tells her what he heard in the janissary quarters and asks Esleme to tell her father what is happening behind his back. He also promises not to tell this to anyone else, hoping to win Çandarlı’s favour.

Melike tells Çandarlı Halil Pasha what Korkus overheard. Çandarlı states someone tries to play them and demands Melike to say who told her such things. Melike refuses to tell, and Çandarlı pushes her angrily at the door. Esleme appears and Candarli leaves. Melike says to Esleme she’s willing to sacrifice her own life for Mehmed’s sake and that their father won’t rest until he finds the pasha who bribed the janissaries into rebelling against Mehmed.

Evdoksiya arrives in harbour where she meets with her people, who are disappointed in her failure to kill Mehmed. She however informs them about Mehmed’s plan to cross the Dardanelles Strait.

When Mehmed and his people reach Dardanelles, they notice Byzantine soldiers waiting on a ship to prevent them from crossing. Mehmed’s pashas try to dissuade him from attempting to cross, but Mehmed is insistent. He looks at the full moon and prays to Allah to help him. Mehmend and Delibaș begin to swim cross the strait in a boat, others for the time being stay on the shore. When the Byzantine soldiers are ready to shoot their arrows, darkness covers everything… It’s eclipse of the moon! Byzantines cannot see anything, while Mehmed and Delibaș arrive safely on the other side and sent a signal to others.

Delibaș tells Mehmed it was God’s miracle. He didn’t believe some saying earlier that Mehmed had God’s favour, but the year Mehmed was born was a very good one, with many children  being born and cows giving a lot of milk, so perhaps it wasn’t a coincidence after all. Mehmed shows Delibaș his drawings and informs his loyal soldier he predicted the eclipse and that’s why he was so insistent on crossing Dardanells.

Mehmed then prays for his father to reunite with his beloved son and Mehmed’s elder brothre, Alaeddin. There is a flashback in which we see a young Mehmed constantly ignored by his father and scoffed at for dreaming about conquering Byzantium, while Alaeddin was called his father’s shadow on Earth and future great Sultan. We also see young Mehmed asking Çandarlı what will happen to him once Ali ascends the throne,to which Candarli replies: “what tradition dictates”. Then we see Murad mourning the dead Ali, with Mehmed watching. Mehmed’s voice-over tells us that he knew then that his father would have rather seen him dead, not Ali. Murad requested to be buried next to Ali. Mehmed says his biggest wish was not to become a sultan, but to be buried next to his father.

Adult Mehmed then talks to little Mehmed. Little Mehmed asks him what his first step as a sultan will be: pursuing his dream or taking revenge?

We see Çandarlı confronting Ishak Pasha about telling someone of their plans. It is revealed Çandarlı co-operates with Ishak and the Byzantines and had known everything before Melike told him.

Demetrios comes to Constantine to inform him that Mehmed crossed the Dardanelles safely.

Çandarlı  confronts Kurcu and pretends he hasn’t been involved in the plot against Mehmed and threatens the janissary commander. Kurcu then goes to the quarters and announces Murad’s death. He tells his janissaries they demand a new sultan and their due pay. Everyone in the quarters shouts the same. The janissaries then marched out of their quarters.

Melike comes to her father to enquire whether he did everything about she had told him. Çandarlı only tells her that janissaries obey commands, not play games. Melike is insistent: will the unworthy Orhan get the throne or Mehmed, who deserves it? Çandarlı i only tells her to pray for herself, her father and their ruler.

Janissaries meet Çandarlı and then go together with him outside the city, where they encounter Mehmed. Orhan arrives a bit later and stays behind. Çandarlı and Mehmed look at each other… suddenly Mara appears with people who support Mehmed. Çandarlı and the janissaries finally bow to Mehmed and he rides on his horse into the city.

#mehmed bir cihan fatihi #mehmed the conqueror #summaries

[queenkosemsultanilk]

Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem

 Capítulo 50 Resumen El magnífico siglo Kösem Está semana él Sultán Murad da la sentencia de muerte del al Príncipe Bayezid! ¡El Sultán Murad descubre que su estimado hermano Bayezid es el responsable del.atentado a su vida! Kösem Sultan ve la muerte la cara a cara! Gulbahar Sultan finalmente está escapando! Farya revela que Sanavber es un espía!  ¡El sultán Murad da la sentencia del príncipe Bayezid! El príncipe Bayezid está regresando a la capital sin contar a nadie lo que está sucediendo y consiente de lo que sucede! En Revan el castillo Emir está ofreciendo un duelo a Sultan Murad! Gülbahar Sultan y Sinan Pasha decididieron el secuestro del Príncipe Bayezid desde el palacio! ¡El sultán Murad conquista a Revan! El Magnífico Siglo Kösem en Fox el martes, 18 de abril …

@queenkosemsultanilk

20. Bölüm Özeti

Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem de bu hafta Sultan Murad, Şehzade Bayezid’in idam hükmünü veriyor!

Sultan Murad canına kast edenin kardeşi Bayezid olduğunu öğreniyor! Kösem Sultan ölümle burun buruna geliyor! Gülbahar Sultan son anda, kaçıyor! Farya, Sanavber’in casus olduğunu ifşa ediyor! Sultan Murad Şehzade Bayezid’in hükmünü veriyor! Şehzade Bayezid her şeyden habersiz payitahta dönüyor! Revan kalesi Emir’i, Sultan Murad’a düello teklif ediyor! Gülbahar Sultan ve Sinan Paşa, Bayezid’i saraydan kaçırmaya karar veriyor! Sultan Murad, Revan’ı fethediyor!

Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem 18 Nisan Salı akşamı Fox’ta…