#also youtube.... rise of berk..... | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

berkcwitz · 4 years

Text

❛ ✶ ( madison beer, cisfemale, she/her ) spotted ! jalissa berkowitz was spotted singing along to find my way by dababy in hilton grove . you’ve heard of them right ? they are a twenty two year old pornographic actress / internet personality who has already amassed a net worth of 550m . you should really follow them on insta @callmejalissa , they’re about to hit 89m followers . the tabloids have been calling them the vixen because they are known for being whimsical but also a bit abrasive . though most people recognize them by a drunken gaze staring into the mirror as she holds finger guns to her head , a laugh too contagious , leaving notes in lipstick on bathroom mirrors & echoing of her mothers longtime disapproval . — ooc info ( mia. twenty. est. she/her. )

GUYYYSSSS ?! this group ? a masterpiece , wow . im hella excited to get to roleplay with you all . im mia by the way , im twenty ( i’ll be 21 in june what a vibe ) & i live in the est ( a clam chowder eating , dunkin donuts chugging , no Rs havin , boston sports loving new englander ). also i go by she/her pronouns ! i am going to be so honest with you guys . this intro is dummy long . like , i promise i will not judge you if you hmu asking for a quick synopsis of my girl because this shit below this cut ? is a novella & a half , sis . if im very honest i really just needed to flesh her out completely because she’s a new baby of mine ? and i wanted to make sure i really knew her before i put her out on the dash . im so anal about this , i know . anyways , before this little note section gets as long as the intro without further a do ? adu ? idfk ... here’s jalissa , she’s ... a piece of work . also if you'd prefer to plot on discord hmu @ 𝖒𝖌𝖐'𝖘 𝖜𝖍𝖔𝖗𝖊#9789 .

𝐆𝐄𝐓 𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐄𝐏𝐓𝐇

full name: jalissa billie-jean berkowitz nickname: lissa , jals , jb , berks , jalissa cadden ( porn name ) birthday: october 13th birthplace: fort lauderdale , florida hometown: hilton grove residence: hilton grove nationality: american ( est. 1997 through birth ) , british ( est. 1997 automatically a citizen due to mother’s citizenship , passport was claimed est. 2012 ) ethnicity: askenazi jewish ( maternal & paternal , 100% ) religion: judaism orientation: pansexual , panromantic ( she never really came out per say , people just kind of know she’s attracted to all genders . her family is very religious and she’s very involved with her synagogue so she’s made the choice not the necessarily put a label on her sexuality but is open about loving people no matter gender ) languages spoken: english ( fluent , first language ) , yiddish ( fluent , second language ) , spanish ( fluent , third language ) , german ( conversational , fourth language ) . father: henry christian berkowitz ( 50 years old ) was born & raised in fort lauderdale , florida by a politician / banking heir & talk show host / philanthropist . henry himself went on to follow in his father’s footsteps and serve as a us senator for two terms & currently is the ceo of berkowitz capital . ( relationship: it’s never been perfect but the love is clear in the relationship & he’s been much better at being supportive of her in recent years . certainly a daddy’s little girl even when you do wrong you can’t do much wrong type of situation ) mother : austen sylvia rachelson-berkowitz ( 48 years old ) was born & raised in westminster , england up until her teens when she & her mother moved to washington dc after her mother had become the incumbent uk ambassador to the united states . austen was crowned miss usa at the age of 20 & later went on to follow in her families long time involvement in politics ( holding former offices as a us representative as well as governor for two terms ) . today she spends much of her time putting her law degree to work on criminal cases . ( relationship: they’ve never been close & have never quite seen eye to eye . since jalissa was nineteen she & her mom haven’t said more than ten words to one another & if they have it’s never necessarily positive ) brother: kenneth patrick berkowitz ( 24 years old ) was born in fort lauderdale , florida & raised in hilton grove . he shares the same parents as jalissa and is the couples first born & only son . kenneth is following in the berkowitz footsteps & is heading the uk sector for berkowitz capital since graduating from columbia university a couple years back . ( relationship: the two siblings have always been close. they had a similar friend group growing up & alot of the same interests . they’re still rather close to this day despite being countries away from one another ) sister: sariah rachel berkowitz ( 19 years old ) was born in fort lauderdale , florida & raised in hilton grove . she shares the same parents as jalissa and is the couples last born . sariah currently attends stanford university where she’s on a pre med track . ( relationship: the two were often at each other’s necks growing up . mostly because how similar they are to one another . as of recently the two have grown close , though , with sariah fessing up to looking up to her older sister ) social class: upper education: highschool diploma ( hilton grove highschool g. 2015 ) career: youtuber ( from 2014-present ) , pornographic actress ( from 2016-present ) , podcaster (from 2018-present ) notoriety: being apart of the prominent berkowitz family , having one of the top 10 most watched pornographic movies , her podcast with her best friend tickets to our downfall & her youtube channel callmejalissa . weight: 122lbs height: 5′4″ hair color: brown ( with blonde highlights ) eye color: hazel ( wears blue contacts sometimes ) positive traits: whimsical , astute , extroverted , affectionate , quick , intelligent , friendly , ambitious , passionate , humorous , loyal , compassionate , effervescent negative traits: opportunistic , recalcitrant , hypocritical , vain , critical , stubborn , distant , sneaky , abrasive , sarcastic , obsessive , vengeful , reckless , arrogant likes: black coffee , birthday parties , lying , sunshine , baby pink , glossy lips , gossiping , stand up comedy , sunkissed skin , dogs , peanut butter , popping champagne bottles , driving with the windows down , swimming , mimosas , oversized sweaters , taco bell , cranberry juice , makeup , football , cosmetic work , arguing , online shopping , exotic foods , jewelry the price of a car , fresh berries , roller skating dislikes: liars , driving in the snow , her mother , jelly , basketball , bad drivers , when people lie about their cosmetic work , sushi , hateful people , disloyalty , overly emotional people , romance , being alone , astrology enthusiasts , hospitals , silence , cheap perfume , criticism , traffic , being late , red wine , short hair , anything banana or grape flavored hobbies: reading magazines , dancing to her newly curated playlist in the mirror , gossiping with her grandparents , video editing , meddling , going for brunch , goat yoga , drinking alcohol while snuggled up in bed , painting alternate universe cartoons , attending big soirees , making impulsive decisions , smoking weed , sleepovers with her closest friends , suntanning on yacht decks , late night instagram lives , marilyn monroe movie marathons chara inspo: kourtney kardashian , emily nelson ( a simple favor ) , tan france ( queer eye ) , evie zamora ( thirteen ) , rebekah mikaelson ( the vampire diaries ) , jennifer check ( jennifer’s body ) , gabrielle solis ( desperate housewives ) , regina george ( mean girls ) , lucifer morningstar ( lucifer ) , kathryn merteuli ( cruel intentions ) , veronica lodge ( riverdale ) , chanel oberlin ( scream queens ) , samantha jones ( sex and the city ) , andie anderson ( how to lose a guy in 10 days ) , blair waldorf ( gossip girl ) , naomi lapaglia ( wolf of wall street ) , maddy perez ( euphoria ) , kat hernandez ( euphoria ) fashion inspo: fran drescher , bella hadid , alex chung , madison beer , romee strijd , kendall jenner , selena gomez career inspo: tana mongeau , jordan lipscombe , sofia franklyn , alexdandra cooper , lana rhodes , abella danger headcanons: she has one hundred percent smashed the windows in an exes car , she drives a black range rover , vandalized an exes home before , says “ harely quinn is my spirit animal “ once a day , is not the type of ask if you’re okay with her vlogging , has slept with rock stars and couldn’t care less that they’re basically the age of dirt at this point , is actually very sad when she’s not putting on the vivacious front in front of people , dances on tables whens she’s drunk , its not a party unless someone has offered her a line

𝐁𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐀

the berkowitz family name has long been one that holds prestige & power . among the 1% for over a century . they are a prominent banking family that has had their hands in the pots of nearly every big banking company across the nation . coming into the united states after word broke of the california gold rush back in 1849 , the berkowitz brother’s were of the lucky few to acquire pounds of gold by the thousands . later founding what would become a leading investment bank known as berkowitz capital . the generations to follow would capitalize on the head start given to them by the two brothers . expanding the family company as well as the knowledge of the family name through heavy involvement in politics alongside the kennedy’s . since as early as 1953 there has always been a berkowitz family member actively appointed to a political role ( governor , senator , representative , us ambassador , etc ) . although the families roots within the states are documented in the capital of california , as generations went on they made their way over to the east coast , with most of the family members now residing in southern florida .

the rachelson family is a prominent political family . synonymous with power & eloquence . with their rise initially taking place in the british parliament . many escaped to england from germany between 1933-1935 . they hadn’t settled into the states until jocelyn rachelson ( jalissa’s maternal grandmother ) was appointed the united kingdoms ambassador to the united states in 1987 . the rachelson’s have since had heavy involvement in the us government , both behind the scenes and at the forefront . much of the rachelson family have stayed within the european union ( germany & poland ) as well as england . although the few that followed jocelyn to the states now reside in washington dc and the tri-state area .

henry & austen had met through their mutual friends . it didn’t take long before the two became a rather public couple , a supercouple if you would ( similar to that of a brangelina of the 1% ) . although they’d met in new york the two decided that when it was time to start a family they wanted to move to hilton grove , an island austen had eyed for years . instead they found themselves moving down to fort lauderdale where henry had grown up . before they knew it , they were three kids deep in settling down in fort lauderdale . austen’s anger from never wanting to build a life in florida started to tumble into the relationship & the daily life of the family & so in an effort to recover the marriage henry agreed to moving the family up to hilton grove , where they have resided ever since .

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐀 𝐄𝐑𝐀

jalissa was born the second of three children and oh boy does she suffer from middle child syndrome , riddled with a envy and a need to be in the mix . the berkowitz household , although , from the outside looking in looked like a fabulous family life was anything but . jalissa , like her siblings , was born on a pedestal & what came attached with that was even higher expectations from her parents . her parents found a way to be extremely authoritarian & uninvolved all at the same time . they were very dismissive if you disappointed them & everything jalissa did seemingly did just that .

for a long time she was obsessed with getting her parents approval , she’d turned life into a silent competition between herself & her siblings . she befriended only the people her parents approved of , did all the events they asked her to do , did everything she could to excel academically & only dated people who were of benefit to her parents ( people who’s parents where also in high places ) .

during highschool she joined the model un , debate team , and soccer team . if it were up to jalissa & not her parents she’d probably had joined the cheerleading team but her mother would never let that fly . it was too “ self indulgent “ to fit the family brand ( if only she’d known what would be coming years later lol ) .

it wasn’t until she was seventeen that she started to deviate from her parents wishes . of course , the catalyst to this was a boy , one her parents hadn’t really approved of but jalissa was completely head over heels for him . he really helped her boost her confidence to be her own person ? and not allow her parents to treat her like a puppet . with his encouragement she started her youtube channel , something she’d wanted to do for years but her mother had shot down the idea anytime jalissa brought it up . it was once again too “ self indulgent ” . the channel known as callmejalissa was an outlet for her , talking to a camera was the most heard she’d felt in seventeen years of her life . and god she knew that was hella sad . she really grew to view her subscribers as family & by the time her channel was brought to her parents attention ( more like her mothers , her dad had found her channel just four months after she’d made it and promised not to tell her mother so long as she was smart about what she posted ) she was about to turn eighteen and there wasn’t much they could do to stop her from doing it .

at eighteen she’d graduated highschool salutatorian with offers from university of pennsylvania & brown university . in all honesty she didn’t wnat to go to college , she saw it as a complete waste of her time . it wasn’t like she was going to do anything with the degree anyways . it would simply be a point of bragging for her parents at events & at this point she really could care less about them being able to brag to their friends . she knew she had to play along though , because this was the same year she was going to receive her first half of her trust fund ( a whoopin 500m , yes her trust fund in total will be 1b her parents are grossly wealthy guys ) so she bamboozled ? her parents , promising she’d committed to attending penn just so they’d allow for the money to be released to her account . she moved out of the house , literally moving into a house of her own a couple blocks from her parents house & claimed she was living in pennsylvania for college . we stan a sneaky binch .

two months later her parents were at her front door , though , ready to give her an ear full . her mother basically disowned her at this point . telling her how every year jalissa found a new way to be a bigger disappointment . her dad kind of played good cop , like he normally would because her mother often dug into her pretty deeply . to the point where any insecurity ( even though with the way she carries herself you’d never think she has any ) she has stems from something her mother has said / called her in the past . if henry berkowitz had a soft spot , it was certainly jalissa , it that had only grown clearly with the harsher austen became on the girl .

a few months before her nineteenth birthday a sex tape was released of jalissa cheating on her boyfriend at the time . it was a drunken mistake she’d made around the time of her mother basically disowning her , but that explanation did suffice for her boyfriend who inevitably broke things off with her . although this was a horrific time she’d received an abundance of offers to film more tapes . it was enticing to say the least . she was someone who loved intercourse but also had this deeply rooted desire to get back at her mother ? and what better way to do so then to something so far left from what her mother was about . this was next level disappointment in the eyes of austen berkowitz . the only thing that made sense ( in her mind ) was to dive head first into the porn industry .

like you’d expect her parents had a fit when they found out about her new career choice . although her internet fame had soared to new heights and her youtube & instagram followers were loving every second of this move . her mom was currently serving as governor and has since not been able to get elected in the political world since jalissa became one of the top porn stars around . they basically blacklisted her & jalissa feels no remorse , she’s gone so far as telling her mother “ sucks to be shunned , huh? ” .

although it took her dad a while to come around , he cares far too much to shut her out .

not to long after jalissa & her best friend started their podcast tickets to our downfall , it’s a mix of call her daddy & the basement yard , basically two besties talking on a level that most people wouldn’t want to leave the privacy of their own space , giving advice , hoe tricks , and telling funny stories of their past . it a total hit & one of jalissa’s favorite things to do .

she live sin the same house she has since she was eighteen . she lives on her own with three dogs and a cat . she absolutely hates being alone and so maggie ( a tan corgi puppy ) , louis ( a yellow lab puppy ) , humphrey ( a chocolate lab ) , and cedric ( a orange scottish fold ) are her babies that keep her sane in her big ole home .

𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘

as you can tell jalissa is chaotic , impulsive , reactive , and overall just searching for attention . she doesn’t care if the attention she receives is for the wrong reason or not , as long as she’s getting it . despite this she’s a good person ? i promise . she’s very friendly , loves a good joke & having a good time . very fun loving . she’s the type of person to try and bring up everyone else’s mood even when she isn’t feeling 100% herself . she’s loyal to those she deems are loyal to her . sometimes she’s bad a seeing who is actually loyal to her though & will be disloyal to someone who actually has her back ? oops . she’s definitely not the type to sugar coat anything for you , she tells it like it is & refuses to apologize if that hurts your feelings . if you cross her ? i’ll be praying for you . she’s the type to fuck your s/o , tell your boss some wild story about you & dump alcohol over your head at an event all in the matter of a week . don’t get her going , she’s absolutely relentless . with that said she’d very affectionate ... ? you can catch her hugging up on whoever is next to her at all times . touch is her love language , because lord knows she’s no sweetheart . she hates the stereotype of porn stars / internet personalities being ditzy , although she didn’t attend university she was accepted into two ivy leagues based off her academic abilities alone . the girl is intelligent & enjoys having a clever conversation from time to time .

𝐖𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

a girl squad or just a squad in general really , give my baby her lil group of people please

her ex boyfriend from when she was seventeen ( he’s mentioned above ) but basically he’s the one who encouraged her to not let her parents make her their puppet , they didn’t approve of him , jalissa fell head over heels for him . they would’ve dated for nearly two years because the sex tape of her cheating on him came out .

the person she cheated on her ex with ? maybe they’re the one who leaked the sex tape ? maybe they never even told jalissa they were recording ?

her best friend that she does the tickets to our downfall podcast with ? these two are literally like twins , just two peas in a pod ( pun intended )

fans of her work ? and im not taking about her youtube channel or podcast

ex hook ups that think she’s crazy ? she probably gave them reason to think so lbr

frenemies give me blair & serena circa season one type of shit

just plain old enemies , they were probably friends at one point or maybe just have always disliked one another ?

smoking buddies were they literally just hot box cars together and munch on taco bell talking about why sound vibrates & shit

someone who isn’t afraid to confess their love for jalissa but her damaged ass refuses to confess her feelings for them ? so it’s just this constant cycle of them having a good time , them being sweet & her just gets weirdly quite & starring at them before she complaining about them going and ruining the vibes

she’s a bad influence on them ? they’re a good influence on her ? ride or dies ? partners in crime ? only friends when there is a substance involved ? sugar baby vibes ? unlikely friends ? flings ? crush ? friends with benefits ? everytime they are around one another its a fight ? someone she lets crash at her place sometimes ? someone she’s backstabbed & maybe they don’t even know she has & they still think she’s a ride or die for them ?

#hilton:intro #❛ 🍑 ── 𝐅𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐃 𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐑. / INTRO.

13 notes · View notes

aleteia-ff · 4 years

Note

Same anon here! The question was really intended to find out if there was some sort of official explanation? I think it’s a maturity thing or just a skill Furies have, that may awaken only under duress. But Toothless does use it at the beginning of HTTYD3 when he’s not super stressed out, he’s trying to be ~spooky~. (Does a quick YouTube search) Also when the Light Fury teaches him how to ‘disappear’ his spines activate with the lightning. It’s not seen but it’s a possibility that they could’ve

glowed too when Toothless used lightning to get rid of the Death Grippers? Idk, very cool ability though. +100 points for Toothless’s power move

------

Referring to this post

The HTTYD fandom Wiki states the following:

Dragons: Rise of Berk calls this glowing effect Toothless' Titan Wing stage, while School of Dragons calls it his "Alpha" look, indicating the franchise is unsure what to call this effect

So my guess is that is has never been officially stated, given that different games give a different interpretation to it. Which is kind of confusing! Hence I have my own interpretation of it ^^

I think they glowed too when he used lightning to get rid of the Death Grippers! It’s very cool indeed ^^ Go Toothless :D

#toothless #asks #httyd2 #httyd3 #httyd #Anonymous

3 notes · View notes

earlyandoftenpodcast · 6 years

Link

(Source)

In this episode, we continue the story of the Massachusetts politician Thomas Hutchinson, and look at his involvement with two major instances of mob violence in the colony, one against the impressment of sailors by the British navy, and the other against Hutchinson himself.

>>>Direct audio link<<<

(WordPress) (Twitter) (Libsyn) (Podbean) (YouTube) (iTunes)

Transcript and Sources:

Hello, and welcome to Early and Often: The History of Elections in America. Episode 32: Riot!

Last time, we introduced Thomas Hutchinson, the politician/historian who became one of the last governors of colonial Massachusetts as well as the author of one of the most important histories of Massachusetts.

Hutchinson had been born into a quite prominent family of merchants and he followed in his ancestors’ footsteps. Even as a young man, he proved to be very good at business and he began amassing a small fortune. He also entered politics when he was still young, joining the General Court at age just 26.

This was a time when coming from a prominent family was essential to your success. But despite his background, Hutchinson still faced some difficulties. He was respected by the colonists, but he took a hardline stance against paper money, which was unpopular with his constituents. He was voted out of office once in the early 1740s and again at the end of the decade, after he led a successful attempt to return the colony to gold and silver. Afterwards, he was appointed to the upper house of the Court to continue his political rise, and that’s pretty much where we left off.

This episode will continue his story, but from a slightly different angle, with a look at Hutchinson’s involvement in two major riots in Boston, one against attempts by the British navy to kidnap men to serve on their ships, and the other against British attempts to directly tax the colonies -- and against Hutchinson himself.

As we get closer to to the American Revolution, mobs and riots are going to become an increasingly important feature of American political life, so I want to introduce them early.

Anyway, to start this episode we have to go back in time just a few years, back to 1747, when Hutchinson was still in the lower house of the General Court. He was serving as speaker of the house, which made him one of the most important officials in the colony.

One of the big issues at this time was naval impressment. Impressment was basically when agents of the government would kidnap you and force you into joining the British navy. Life in the navy back then sucked big time and joining the navy was very hazardous to your health, to say the least. So there was always a big recruitment shortfall, which had to be made up through impressment. They would send out press gangs to capture unwary men, sometimes through trickery, sometimes at the barrel of a gun.

This happened both in Britain and in the colonies. There were rules about which Americans could be impressed and under what circumstances -- for instance the governor had to sign off on it beforehand -- but the rules were ambiguous and British officers often flouted them anyway.

Naturally, this was super unpopular in the colonies. Nobody likes being kidnapped, and the threat of impressment hurt the economies of local towns, as men would flee the area to avoid capture. And remember the economy of New England was already suffering at this time. And just a few years previously, a press gang had straight up murdered two New Englanders who refused to comply with their illegal impressment.

So across the 1700s there had been periodic resistance to impressment. Some of it was unofficial -- men would riot in order to get their friends freed -- but some of the resistance was official as well. Nobody in New England liked impressment, even elected officials. To some extent they had to live with it, but they did what they could to put checks on the practice. In fact in 1702 the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts actually ordered cannons to fire on a ship that was impressing men without permission. Thomas Hutchinson too had been active in trying to get impressed men released and in trying to weaken the navy’s power to impress men in the first place.

So that brings us to 1747, the year of the Knowles Riot, the biggest anti-impressment riot in colonial America.

A British naval squadron had just spent two months in Boston Harbor, getting refitted and resupplied for a journey to the Caribbean. While in Boston, a good number of sailors deserted, often joining up with American merchants instead. The ships had to make up for the losses before they departed, and so Commodore Charles Knowles ordered some of his sailors to go out and capture as many men as they could.

Which they did. They captured some carpenters on the way to work. They boarded a civilian vessel and impressed almost all the sailors on it. All in all, they took 46 men.

The New Englanders immediately started to complain that this was a violation of their charter. The governor hadn’t given his permission for the navy to impress anyone, and some of the men who’d been taken were supposed to be exempt anyway. Commodore Knowles ignored the protests completely.

So the next day, a mob assembled in Boston. They began capturing whatever British officers and sailors they could get their hands on, as hostages to get the impressed men freed.

Now, I should talk about what mobs were like in colonial America, because they weren’t just a bunch of drunk rabble breaking windows and beating people up, like you might imagine. Riots were generally a lot more coordinated than that. They can be seen as a purposeful effort by the community at large to defend itself.

Back in England there was a long tradition of what you might call semi-peaceful rioting. That is, rioting which was controlled, and which targeted property rather than people. If your lord put up a fence and tried to claim some common land for himself, you and your fellow villagers might get together in a little mob to tear it down. That sort of thing. Of course, there was always a risk of things spiralling out of control and into a major revolt, but generally speaking these riots were minor affairs. This tradition was carried over to America, where rioting was seen as a somewhat legitimate way for the community to express its grievances, if the authorities weren’t paying enough attention.

Fighting impressment is an obvious example of this. Who wants a bunch of English naval officers coming to your town and kidnapping the menfolk? So the town would get together and stop it from happening.

But there were plenty of other instances as well. During several food shortages in Boston, mobs formed to stop food from being exported. In an early case of NIMBYism, another Boston mob burned down a nearby smallpox hospital which they suspected was responsible for an outbreak within the city. (Don’t worry, the hospital had been evacuated before they burned it down.) Or the mob might go after customs officials collecting an unjust tariff, or judges issuing an unpopular ruling, and try to intimidate them into compliance. Rioting could also enforce public morality, as when they shut down brothels or stopped dissenting religious movements from holding meetings.

You might disagree with some of those actions, but from the perspective of the colonists, they were done in communal self-defense. They may have been illegal, but they supported the purpose of the laws, which was the well-being of the community. Just as much as elections, the threat of violence kept officials in check and made sure that their enforcement of the laws was properly tempered by public opinion. Riots, at least these sorts of riots, supported the social order rather than challenging it.

And because these mobs were communal affairs, rather than just rabble run amok, they tended to stay within reasonable bounds. Leading members of the community were often involved, merchants and lawyers and so on, and they could put a stop to it if things ever got out of hand. In Boston, supposedly the mobs were so well disciplined that they refused to riot on the Sabbath.

Generally, these were more about threats of violence than actual violence. Property might be destroyed and maybe some officials would get roughed up, but that was usually the extent of it. I don’t want to say that there was never real violence, but it was atypical.

One of the reasons things rarely got out of hand is that colonial officials were surprisingly lenient towards these riots, partly because they simply didn’t have the manpower to suppress them. At this time, there was little in the way of professional law enforcement. Nor were there many soldiers in colonial America. At most you had some elected sheriffs. So the law was often enforced by the general populace. Instead of using police officers to get things done, you relied on the citizens. In other words, the same people who might also be forming a mob. So when a mob did form, there was no one you could call on. Your law enforcement officers were the mob.

Another reason officials were lenient is that if they were too harsh, they might just cause an even bigger backlash. It’s a lot like all of those little rebellions from the previous century I’ve talked about in past episodes. The Thrusting Out of Governor Harvey in Virginia, the various rebellions in Maryland and North Carolina, and so on.

If you look back on these various rebellions, you’ll notice that most of the time the rebels were never really punished with anything more than a slap on the wrist. In some cases, like with Culpeper’s Rebellion in North Carolina or with the overthrow of the Dominion, the rebellion was in fact more or less accepted as legitimate. The big exception was Bacon’s Rebellion, which ended with Governor Berkeley hanging a full 24 men. But like I said, that was an exception, and Berkeley was seen by his contemporaries as having acted far too harshly.

These sorts of rebellions were, if not exactly accepted by the authorities, then at least acknowledged as the sort of thing that happens from time to time, a way for the people to make their grievances heard. You didn’t want to be too lenient, since sometimes small rebellions could in fact become big ones, but you didn’t want to be too harsh either, and risk alienating your subjects. And so small rebellions were tolerated, and sometimes the rebels were integrated into the system. At most you’d execute a few ringleaders to send a message to everyone else.

The same basic idea applied to these riots. You wanted to punish the riots, to make sure that the colonists couldn’t form mobs with impunity, but you didn’t want to punish them so much that you just made people angry.

But perhaps the main reason that officials were lenient is that very often their sympathies were with the rioters. I mean, probably some of them were leading the riots behind the scenes, although it’s hard to know for sure. Even a conservative like Thomas Hutchinson sympathized with the crowd and was willing to work with them -- up to a point. In his words, “mobs, a sort of them at least, are constitutional.” Thomas Jefferson called them “an evil… productive of good.” It was supposed to be a last resort, when legal means had failed, but it still had a place.

And certainly the Knowles riot was such a case. British officials were acting illegally and ignoring all of the complaints being leveled against them. What else was there to do but take some hostages?

This is an alien mindset to us today, but I think it made more sense at the time. Today, there are a lot of non-violent ways for citizens to make themselves heard, most especially voting. But back then, America was ruled by a bunch of unelected officials from 3000 miles away who were often very insensitive to local demands. In that environment, mobs were a somewhat acceptable part of maintaining public order. They were dangerous, but ultimately an acknowledged part of the colonies’ informal constitution.

So that’s the background for the anti-impressment riot that just broke out in Boston.

As it happened, Thomas Hutchinson was one of the first officials on the scene. Naturally, he was pretty sympathetic to the mob, and they were willing to hear what he had to say. He managed to talk them into releasing some of the officers they were holding, on the grounds that they hadn’t been the ones involved with the impressment.

Hutchinson then left and went to the home of Governor William Shirley to inform him of the situation. The mob soon followed.

They confronted the governor, and he denied having authorized the impressment -- which was true. While they were talking some of the hostages managed to escape into the governor’s house. The mob tried to follow, but they were prevented from going inside. To vent their frustration and to send a message, they beat one of their remaining captives right there in front of the governor’s mansion. But after that they withdrew for the moment.

Later in the day, the governor went to the General Court to decide what to do. Governor Shirley wanted to call out the militia and to issue a statement condemning the mob, but Hutchinson and the rest of the assembly were more cautious. They were much more sympathetic to the rioting than the unelected governor.

The discussion went on for a while. Too long, apparently. That evening, the mob returned. They surrounded the building in which the governor and General Court were conferring. They smashed in all the windows on the first floor and forced themselves inside. Again they confronted the governor. Shirley addressed the crowd, condemning the impressment and promising to do something about it, but also condemning the rioting. And again, the confrontation ended inconclusively, with the crowd withdrawing for the time being.

A new day dawned, but Boston was still in a state of unrest. Shirley had called out the militia the night before, but to his horror no one showed up. In fact, many of the militiamen were in the mob itself. Not only that, Commodore Knowles was now threatening to bombard the town with his cannons in order to restore order and get his men back, saying, “By God, I’ll now see if the King’s government is not as good as a Mob.”

Feeling isolated and worried, Shirley fled to a nearby fort. The governor was now obviously in a very difficult position. He had to both talk down the mob and talk down the Commodore before things really got out of hand. Thankfully he was a good politician. He met with Commodore Knowles and managed to get him to promise to release the impressed men. He then offered leniency for the rioters if they would go home and let the militia come out to restore order. He pretended that the rioters were merely “a great number of Seamen and other lewd and Profligate Persons”, rather than a bunch of normal citizens.

That was enough to finally get Hutchinson and the General Court to cooperate. They now issued a statement condemning the riot and calling for the militia. Now that it was the elected legislature telling them what to do, the mob stood down and the militia took to the streets. In short order, the impressed men were released, the hostages were released, the British fleet sailed away, and everything went back to normal.

The whole affair was over in just three days. Some property had been damaged, and a few officials had been roughed up, but otherwise there had been no deaths or anything. Nothing irreversible, though obviously there had been some risks. Well, realistically I don’t think that Knowles was ever going to fire on Boston, but you never know.

Anyway, a few years after the Knowles Riot, Hutchinson lost his seat in the lower house of the General Court. But soon afterwards he was appointed to the upper house instead. From there, he continued his rise, no longer encumbered by the need to appeal to voters.

He started amassing offices, often holding several important positions at once. He was named lieutenant governor in 1758 and chief justice in 1760, despite the fact that he had no legal training. He hadn’t actually sought the job, but he accepted it when offered. As a judge, he was actually pretty popular with the common people, since he tended to use common sense when making his rulings, rather than legal technicalities. However, it made him very unpopular with other lawyers and officials, who thought that an unqualified guy was taking their jobs for his own personal benefit at the expense of good government. And really, the mere fact that he was so successful was enough to make enemies.

It wasn’t unusual for a politician back then to hold several offices, but Hutchinson took it to an extreme. And not only that, he was pretty nepotistic as well. He made sure that his unqualified sons got jobs. And not only that, Hutchinson’s family had ties to other important families as well.

Take, for example, the Oliver family. When Hutchinson was serving as governor a few years later, a member of the Oliver family, Andrew Oliver, was serving as lieutenant governor. And Oliver’s brother was serving as chief justice. They were very closely related in numerous ways. Thomas Hutchinson’s sister in law was married to Andrew Oliver. And while Hutchinson was serving as governor, three of his children married into the Oliver family. A son married Andrew Oliver’s daughter. A daughter married his nephew. And another of Hutchinson’s sons married his grandniece.

So basically the same family controlled the governorship, the lieutenant governorship, and the chief justiceship. This sort of tight-knit power naturally aroused suspicion and envy among everyone else. For the first time, people were starting to argue that this sort of behavior was inappropriate, that one man shouldn’t be able to monopolize power that way.

So even as he became more and more successful, Hutchinson’s popularity was starting to erode. His enemies were attacking him in the press on a regular basis and there were legitimate concerns about his behavior. However, he was still a respected figure in Massachusetts. That would only change in the 1760s, as America’s relationship with Britain suddenly began to deteriorate.

That brings us to the Stamp Act of 1765. You remember the Stamp Act, right? It was that hated piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament which directly taxed the colonists in order to pay for the British troops stationed in America. Taxation without representation, the worst thing you could do to an American. In Connecticut it was the Stamp Act which helped the New Lights finally take the governorship away from the Old Lights, since the New Lights were much more enthusiastic about resisting the Act.

Well, the Stamp Act caused trouble in Massachusetts as well. When word first reached the colonies that Parliament was considering passing the Stamp Act, everyone was outraged. Many of the colonial legislatures decided to send petitions to London in protest, including in Massachusetts. The lower house of the General Court drafted a very strong statement, framed in the language of natural rights, stating that the Stamp Act was illegitimate. However Hutchinson, who as lieutenant governor was also head of the upper house, blocked that statement as “informal and incautiously expressed”.

Now, Hutchinson was himself opposed to the Stamp Act, just like everyone else. He thought that the British government was overstepping its bounds in a way that was likely to provoke a dangerous reaction. But although he thought it was a bad idea, he didn’t think that the Stamp Act was illegitimate. It may have violated English norms about self-taxation, but it wasn’t illegal. Parliament had the ultimate authority and they could do what they wanted, even if it violated the traditional rights of the colonies. If Parliament was to be sovereign, that meant it was fully sovereign, and no abstract notions of rights could challenge that. Otherwise they would soon cease to have a government at all, as everyone challenged laws they hated on the basis of natural rights.

This put him in opposition to most of his fellow New Englanders. They felt that the Stamp Act was illegitimate, and dangerously so. In modern terms, they felt like the Constitution was being flagrantly violated, while Hutchinson merely felt like an informal precedent had been broken. So unlike the lower house, Hutchinson was only willing to go so far in his opposition. He was willing to fight the law, but not to fight Parliament.

So the two houses of the General Court got together to draft a joint statement opposing the Stamp Act. The populists in the lower house kept trying to insert language about natural rights and theories of government, but Hutchinson kept blocking them each time until the populists were worn down and agreed to a compromise statement which sidestepped the issues they actually cared about. But as it turned out, a lot of the other colonial legislatures did send petitions with angry talk of natural rights, so Hutchinson’s maneuverings had accomplished nothing, it just made Massachusetts seem weak and the populists feel cheated. And Parliament passed the Stamp Act anyway.

So although Hutchinson clearly opposed the Act, his opposition didn’t go far enough for most people. He did try to stop the Act from being passed, and when it was passed he tried to get it repealed. He even sent a formal protest to London, arguing that the Stamp Act was both unjust and economically unwise, since it would wind up costing Britain more money than it brought in. But he wasn’t willing to say that the Stamp Act was in some sense illegal. He wasn’t willing to disobey.

You may have noticed a possible contradiction here. After all, Hutchinson had been willing to passively cooperate with the mob during the Knowles Riot. So why was this different? Why support illegal resistance against the British then, but not now? Well, I think that part of the reason was that the impressments Commodore Knowles had been carrying out were themselves illegal. He hadn’t gotten permission to impress anyone and he impressed the wrong men. So in the Knowles Riot, illegality was being used to fight illegality. The Stamp Act, on the other hand, was legal, and so illegal methods shouldn’t be used to fight it.

That’s a fairly fine distinction, and it didn’t matter much to anyone except Hutchinson himself. The average Puritan in the street saw impressment and the Stamp Act as both being examples of British tyranny which ought to be resisted. He didn’t care about the specifics of Parliamentary supremacy one bit. Not many people have ever been sticklers for legal formalities like that.

So Hutchinson felt duty-bound to enforce the Stamp Act, no matter how hated it was. But to everyone else, this didn’t seem like someone standing on principle, it seemed like someone who was secretly in league with the British pretending to oppose the Stamp Act while while actually doing everything in his power to enforce it. All of a sudden Hutchinson appeared to be an evil schemer, a double agent who was cooperating with the British in order to enrich himself and his family, and install himself as some sort of dictator. John Adams, for instance, came to loathe Hutchinson. According to him, “The liberties of this country [have] more to fear from one man, the present Governor Hutchinson, than from any other man, nay than from all the other men in the world.” All this after Hutchinson had been until recently one of the more respected men in the colonies.

Absurd rumors swirled not only that he supported the Stamp Act, but that he had come up with the idea in the first place. And these weren’t just anonymous rumors either. One of Hutchinson’s main rivals in the lower house was directly accusing him of all this. Basically, the colonies were were descending into a bout of paranoia. The Stamp Act had been unexpected, and now everyone in the colonies thought that the British were out to destroy their liberties and reduce them to a state of utter submission. That wasn’t really true, although the British were trying to weaken colonial independence. But in any case, from the Stamp Act onwards, the colonies would be blanketed with conspiracy theories like the one aimed at Hutchinson right now.

Hutchinson tried to fight back, but because he was unwilling to condemn the Stamp Act in the strong language demanded by the populists, all of his protests seemed hollow. And to be fair, it didn’t help matters that his brother in law, Andrew Oliver, had been appointed as the official who would collect the stamp tax.

And Hutchinson did favor close ties with Britain, and he did believe that Parliament had ultimate authority. But despite that, he was no mere British lackey. He was willing to stand up for the interests of his fellow colonists when he thought it appropriate. Nor did he want despotism, but to resist lawful authority was anarchy, which would be no better in the long run. What he wanted was for both sides to compromise. The colonists shouldn’t challenge Parliament’s authority, and Parliament shouldn’t push its authority to the breaking point.

He hoped that both sides would avoid fighting over principles and instead negotiate over actual policies. If both sides fought over principles, then there could be no agreement. Either Parliament would win and truly destroy whatever rights the colonists had, or the colonists would win and become de facto independent. But Hutchinson thought that independence “must prove the ruin of the colony”. An independent America would be be at the mercy of other European powers, most of whom would be less gentle than the British were. He had no confidence that an independent America would survive. So it was better, “to submit to some abridgment of our rights than to break off our connection.”

Unfortunately for him, almost no one in Britain or America felt the same way. Now they were both angling for a confrontation.

And that confrontation soon came. Over nine months there were at least 60 riots against the Stamp Act across America, and against the officials enforcing the Stamp Act. They weren’t yet particularly violent, but I think everyone sensed that something had changed, that these crowds were different from the ones that had come before, less controlled and more aggressive.

On the night of August 14, 1765 a mob went after Andrew Oliver, the brother-in-law/stamp tax collector. They trashed his office and attacked his home. That same night another mob assembled outside Hutchinson’s house , demanding that he come out and assure them that he did in fact oppose the Stamp Act. Hutchinson refused to be pressured and he stayed inside. Eventually the crowd moved along.

However, twelve nights later, on August 26, a large mob returned to his house. Hutchinson again refused to go out to talk to the mob, but this time they meant business. His panicking daughter had to plea with him to flee, which Hutchinson later thought may have saved his life. After he had fled, the mob moved into his house. According to historian Bernard Bailyn, “the rioters smashed in the doors with axes, swarmed through the rooms, ripped off wainscotting and hangings, splintered the furniture, beat down the inner walls, tore up the garden, and carried off into the night, besides £900 sterling in cash, all the plate, decorations, and clothes that had survived, and destroyed or scattered in the mud all of Hutchinson’s books and papers, including the manuscript of volume I of his History and the collection of historical papers that he had been gathering for years as the basis for a public archive.” A real shame about those papers, in my opinion.

Hutchinson appeared before the superior court the next day, and protested his innocence with tears in his eyes. “Sensible that I am innocent, that all the charges against me are false, I cannot help feeling--and though I am not obliged to give an answer to all the questions that may be put me by every lawless person, yet I call GOD to witness (and I would not for a thousand worlds call my Maker to witness to a falsehood)--I say, I call my Maker to witness that I have never in New England or in Old, in Great Britain or America, neither directly nor indirectly, was aiding, assisting, or in the least promoting or encouraging what is commonly called the Stamp Act.” He closed with a plea that New Englanders might follow the law instead of turning to violence. “I pray GOD give us better hearts!”

Fears of a more general turmoil swept through New England. Other officials, seeing what had happened to Hutchinson, quietly packed up their belongings and vanished for a little while, until things calmed down.

There had been mob violence before in the colonies, but this was at a new level and it was shocking to the colonists, especially given Hutchinson’s high status. No one had been physically harmed, but people could see that things were heading in that direction. And within a few years people were regularly attacked, beaten, and tarred and feathered. And if you got tarred and feathered, that meant that hot tar was poured all over your body, followed by feathers that would stick to you. It wasn’t fatal, but it was still a very unpleasant thing. Mob violence like this will be an important part of our story, even well after the Revolution itself.

This was by no means the end of Thomas Hutchinson’s career, although perhaps it was the beginning of the end. He remained in office and he refused to be intimidated by the mob. In his role as chief justice he made sure to enforce the Stamp Act and crack down on anti-British agitation. Behind the scenes, he tried to come up with a plan which might reinforce British authority in the colonies without provoking another backlash, a plan which might restore the old order that he loved so much. But as we’ll see when we get to the American Revolution, it was all for nothing. Nobody would listen to him on either side. Although he became governor in a few years’ time, he wouldn’t stay there for long. Soon enough the Revolution would force him into a permanent exile and he would spend his last few years in England, despised by both the British and his fellow colonists as the man most responsible for the crisis.

Some of the accusations against him were true. He was nepotistic and grasping and too powerful. But he certainly wasn’t the caricature his enemies made him out to be. That was more a product of anti-British paranoia and incipient war fever.

He was a man well-suited to his age. The only trouble was, his age was fast ending. Already, partisanship had eroded the old norms of hierarchy across New England. But beyond that, there were deeper problems. The British government was determined to prove that it had ultimate authority in the colonies, while the colonists were equally determined to prove that they didn’t. In such an environment, compromise was not only impossible, it was treasonous. And Hutchinson simply couldn’t bring himself to support rebellion. He was a moderate in a time of immoderation.

But now we’re getting ahead of ourselves. It’s time to leave New England for now. We’ve followed the decline of the old order for the last seven episodes, but the rise of the new order will be another topic altogether. New England had clearly entered a new, post-Puritan age, but no one knew what that meant yet. Partisanship and violent mobs, apparently. Liberty and natural rights and republicanism as well. We’ll just have to wait and see.

Next episode, we’ll move down south and back in time to New York, to see how that colony is faring in the wake of Leisler’s Rebellion, 70 years ago. So join me next time on Early and Often: The History of Elections in America.

The podcast is on twitter, at earlyoftenpod, or go to the blog at earlyandoftenpodcast.wordpress.com for transcripts of every single episode. And if you like the podcast, give it a good review on iTunes. That helps. Thanks for listening.

Sources:

The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson by Bernard Bailyn

The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth Century America by Richard R. Beeman

From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690-1765 by Richard L. Bushman

Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies 1689-1776 by Robert J. Dinkin

Popular Uprisings and Civil Authority in Eighteenth-Century America by Pauline Maier

America’s Burke: The Mind of Thomas Hutchinson by William Pencak

Boston Riots: Three Centuries of Social Violence by Jack Tager

A Note on Mobs in the American Revolution by Gordon S. Wood

17 notes · View notes

kingofthewilderwest · 7 years

Note

I think people are confusing canon with continuity. So for example, SoD is canon. It's an official source. But it's not in the same continuity as the movies and show. Likewise, things in the same continuity can contradict each other, and often do. This isn't just a HTTYD problem.

Absolutely! I agree with you completely! I do think the majority of claims stating something isn’t canon are based on the idea it’s not consistent enough with the rest of the franchise. There are some more thoughtful, nuanced arguments out there stating they consider the head writers to be the key factor - aka, whether or not Chris Sanders and/or Dean DeBlois were involved - but I also find that a bit of a stretch for how to label canon. How many different writers have produced genuine, canon Superman materials? In the Star Wars franchise, the latest movies aren’t written by George Lucas, nor are the books and television show… and yet those are canon materials, too. And what if Dean DeBlois and Chris Sanders didn’t write HTTYD 3? Would people reject HTTYD 3 as canon?(Answer: No, they would not). Not to mention HTTYD was started by Cressida Cowell, not Sanders or DeBlois. With franchises, we are working with hundreds of creators simultaneously, so whether or not writer Dean DeBlois is in the picture is irrelevant.

I do consider School of Dragons a canon source of material as well, even if it obviously lacks the same continuity of the movies and shows. School of Dragons is very willy-nilly with timeline, and depending on how you’re doing your quests, you might find yourself simultaneously helping Hiccup with Dragon Eye tasks and Berk chiefhood tasks. But even though School of Dragons contradicts the timeline and sense of the movies and shows, it’s still officially produced by DreamWorks, and thus has more authority as material than something a fan could have made. Do we not accept all the different dragon species from School of Dragons and Rise of Berk as dragons from the DreamWorks Dragons franchise? The game’s tidbits of information can be used to synthesize and inform us in other parts of the DreamWorks franchise. It’s inconsistent but it’s official material.

And as you point out, even things within the same continuity can contradict themselves. It’s very common to find contradictions within a single show, movie, or novel. There’s a reason why “Everything wrong with” youtube videos exist… because there are things that are imperfect about the storytelling. Writers are imperfect and they do make mistakes. In Star Wars, we have some pretty gnarly things to consider about consistency. For example, Leia says that she remembers her mother as a kind, beautiful, and sad person… despite Padmé dying in childbirth. Obi-Wan says that he was taught by Yoda as an apprentice, despite calling Qui-Gon Jinn master in The Phantom Menace. While there are fancy ways for fans to try to reconcile these things, and fans have done that to make them feel it’s more consistent, it’s still technically a bit of a contradiction… and yet canon is canon.

Don’t get me wrong: continuity is nice. It makes things flow smoothly for us fans. Yet continuity is not necessary for us to have fun with stories, and whether or not something is consistent does not mean it hasn’t been published by official sources. DreamWorks has created a massive franchise with the HTTYD world; they are at the forefront of getting everything from the first HTTYD movie to RTTE produced, even if some things might not be perfectly aligned.

I of course respect anyone’s right to not emotionally accept RTTE as the bridge between HTTYD and HTTYD 2. We don’t emotionally have to embrace all materials that have been given. I do nevertheless respect that what comes out of DreamWorks is official material for the franchise.

You stay awesome, dragon nerds!

#long post #faq #rtte #Race to the Edge #DreamWorks Dragons #analysis #my analysis #awesome anonymous friend #anonymous #Anonymous

24 notes · View notes

chnuji · 5 years

Text

Brand New Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Free Runes Cheats

youtube

Please let me tell you the secrets method to get unlimited Runes in Dragons Rise Of Berk game quick and safe. Have all of the unlimited Runes through the use of our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack. Android and iOS system are perfectly compatible using our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack tool. We also set in-built security system in that hack tool to secure your Dragons Rise Of Berk account at any time you function the system.

Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats Traits

After many of sample and complex programming we finally accomplished making this Dragons Rise Of Berk cheat engine with all its abilities. You need to use this hacking tool functions to get many of the Runes secured and cost free. You can just see the features we shown below and have the whole thing by making use of our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack engine with care.

Free to generate unlimited Runes frequently.

Procedure with proxy web servers as well as encrypted program.

Ideal for all operating system specially Android operating system and Apple.

Without the need of download and install any software.

Flexibility in gain access with almost any online browser you've got.

Created with user-friendly and uncomplicated design for gamers to all ages.

Malicious software and Viruses free.

on the internet easy access as much as every single day.

Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack

Start Our Dragons Rise Of Berk Hacks Already

Prefer all those attribute after I mention it previously from using Dragons Rise Of Berk hack system in below. Do not ever afraid of getting the profile being suspended because our Dragons Rise Of Berk cheat engine is incredibly secure to employ. Without getting problems like installation and download, you can get it everytime you own an internet connection and safe from virus and malware.

Quick Thing to Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Tutorial

Through here let's help you to use the Dragons Rise Of Berk cheat engine in the easy way.

Find the access by clicking the "Start Hack" icon you could find in this site.

This is actually the begining you have access to and start using our online generator to hack Runes free of charge.

At the time in that area you are asked to submit your Dragons Rise Of Berk user name or mail account you put into use to play the game.

When you are done clicking the continue it is possible to decide which useful resource and exactly how much of it you intend to supplment your account.

When you've got succesfully done, you may press the "generate" link to permit our procedure create the Runes for you.

Soon after our online engine produce the sources, the Anti Bot prompt will showup which you can complete them, this will be our security procedure in order to make this Dragons Rise Of Berk hack working so far in addition to protected out of spam attacks.

Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk

Related with Dragons Rise Of Berk Phrases:

How To Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Version Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Game Game Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Runes Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack For Runes Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack How To Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Runes Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Mod Apk Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack For iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack On iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Online Online Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Mod Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Tool Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack App Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download Game Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Games Download Download Game Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack How To Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Free Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Codes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Server Cheat Codes In Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Codes Of Dragons Rise Of Berk Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Server Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Android Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack For Android App Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats Unlimited Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Fhx Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack iOS Download Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Mod Apk iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download Real Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Android Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat For Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Download Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Free Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Version Free Download Runes In Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Cheat Of Dragons Rise Of Berk Runes Free Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Free Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Game Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Account Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack New Version How To Cheat In Dragons Rise Of Berk How To Cheat On Dragons Rise Of Berk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Apk Free Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Real Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Version Apk Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Real Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Direct Download Android Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack For Pc Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Generator Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Pc Android Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Id Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Apk Pro Cheat For Dragons Rise Of Berk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Iphone Free Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Apps Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Engine Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Game Free Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Team Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Unlimited Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Update Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Videos How To Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Version How To Enter Cheat Codes In Dragons Rise Of Berk New Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Easy Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Online Generator Easy Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Real Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Offline Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Tool Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Version Download Apk Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Tool Real Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Codes For Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Version Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Id And Password Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Link Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack No Survey Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Software Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Working Best Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Cheat Code For Runes In Dragons Rise Of Berk How To Get Runes In Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Lucky Patcher Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Install Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Website Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Online Hack Download Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Mod Apk Install Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Runes Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack App iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Code Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack File Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Ipa Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Root Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat How Can We Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Download Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats iOS Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Jailbreak Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Light Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Online Tool Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Zip Cheaty Do Dragons Rise Of Berk Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Free Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Jailbreak Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Online Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Tool Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Online Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats That Actually Work Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack iOS No Jailbreak Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Latest Dragons Rise Of Berk iOS Hack No Jailbreak Can You Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Easy Cheat Dragons Rise Of Berk How To Get Runes In Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Is It Possible To Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk On Android Latest Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Password Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Mode Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats That Work Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Direct Download Link Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack It Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Mobile Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack No Root Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Site Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Youtube Play Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Apk Download Free Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Engine For Android Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Generator Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Pc Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Server Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Private Server Download Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Reddit Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Uptodown Dragons Rise Of Berk Top Players Cheating Best Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats Best Cheat For Dragons Rise Of Berk Mod Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Codes For Runes Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Everything Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Game Guardian Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Script Dragons Rise Of Berk Live Cheat Apk Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Appcheat Info Dragons Rise Of Berk How To Get Runes In Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheat Legit Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack

0 notes

chefsobe · 5 years

Text

Internet Based Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack Unlimited Runes Cheats

youtube

Get this Dragons Rise Of Berk Hack method that you can perform the procedure to your self. This Dragons Rise Of Berk cheat tool will help to acquire zero cost Runes extremely fast. Don't make payment on Runes using a real income, you can get it without spending a dime in right here. You can use it each time and anywhere as many as you want.

Dragons Rise Of Berk Cheats Capabilities

This is all of the features and positive aspects at the time you triggered the Dragons Rise Of Berk hack taking advantage of our new system. Without having to spend your real cash get ready to experience this features inside the hacking engine. You can just view the abilities we listed below and receive all this through our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack engine carefully.

Make unlimited Runes for free.

Risk-free method with built in proxies and secured script.

Until now tried with Android os and iOS gamers with wonderful results.

Without download and install any program.

Connect to the hack software tool using any connection to the web browsers.

Convenient gui with excellent design and style.

Without any Viruses and secure form many spyware.

99.8% up-time web servers.

Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk

Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk Right At This Moment

By utilizing our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack, you can get all of the functions in this article to your cost free and unlimited Runes. The very best of all is that you could get it all without risking your accounts and firmly making use of our method. Along with each of the features we have, it is simple to conect our Dragons Rise Of Berk hack anytime and also by whichever internet you've got.

Hack Dragons Rise Of Berk

Related with Dragons Rise Of Berk Phrases:

0 notes

drjvh · 7 years

Text

Do you think the “school choice” alliance between KIPP, TFA and DeVos acolytes is unusual or expected? Also, have you ever had a public or private debate and someone says something that is really not true? Have you ever laid a trap for someone in a discussion?

Well, the Berks County Community Foundation invited several guests to Reading, PA to have a “Consider It” conversation about “school choice.”

They invited two choice proponents and two choice critics. This of course is opposite of what the Harvard University Kennedy School is doing tonight— which is providing a voice to only one side of the “choice” debate for Betsy DeVos— not incidentally the Kennedy school program was funded by the Koch brothers and the Gates Foundation. You can read more about that event Harvard Program on Choice: Protest Expected, Funders Hide Their Names

I have never been one to shy away from taking on school choice proponents. Here are a few examples from my YouTube School Choice Debates playlist.

I believe there were two primary reasons why the Reading debate occurred. First, the local district attempted to close down a Reading charter chain for low performance. The charter did not want to close for low performance and instead took the local authorizer to court. They have now spent nearly a half of million dollars battling in courtroom whether the charter should be closed. Second, Pennsylvania has one of the most unequal funding systems in the United States. So much so that there will be an upcoming school finance trial (See Good News! Pennsylvania Supreme Court Gives OK to Trial about School Funding!)

So, without further ado, here is the Reading Consider It debate. Below the debate, I have included my opening remarks as prepared, but not necessarily as delivered. You’ll have to watch the video to see the trap that I laid (with cheese) in the discussion.

Even though the popularity of charter schools has plummeted recently (2017 Education Next survey), the rise in the number of charters has been particularly rapid during the past ten years.

Many states have lifted caps on the number of charter schools contained within the original state legislation, owing in part to millions of dollars in financial incentives created by federal grant programs.

Funding encouraging charter growth has also poured in from state grant programs and funding from private foundations, especially the Walton Family Foundation (of Walmart fame) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The American Federation for Children, represented here tonight by Alyson Miles, and was formerly chaired by Betsy DeVos, has also been in the mix.

In fact, Donald Trump has pledged to spend 20 billion charter schools and vouchers.

The selection of Betsy DeVos, signals that 45 is serious about privatizing public education and turning it into a profit center.

Many in the civil rights community have become very concerned about a lack of transparency and accountability for charters schools culminating in the Movement for Black Lives, Journey For Justice and the NAACP calling for a charter school moratorium last year.

What are the concerns in the civil right community? Last year’s NAACP resolution got allot of attention, but I think it important to understand that our nation’s vanguard organization for civil rights has been concerned about charters for quite some time.

In 2010, the NAACP passed a resolution that said,

“Charter schools draw funding away from already underfunded traditional public schools”

This is certainly an issue here in Reading and in PA considering the way traditional charter schools and cyber charters are funded.

In 2014, the NAACP passed a resolution that said,

The NAACP “opposes the privatization of public schools.”

The NAACP “opposes public money for-profit public schools.”

Opposes “the redirect of monies from public schools to charter schools.”

Again, all certainly issues here in PA.

Then in 2016, because charter proponents have been largely unwilling in PA and many other states to pass transparency and accountability for charter schools, the NAACP called for a moratorium.

Now I want to tell you about the 2017 NAACP resolution you may not have heard about yet.

More than sixty years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously in the Brown vs. Board of Education decision to abolish the separate but equal legal doctrine and Jim Crow segregation by race.

In the summer of 2017, 2,000 NAACP national convention delegates passed a new resolution entitled Public and Charter Schools Fulfilling the Promise of Brown v. Board that decries the segregation of African American students into under-resourced public schools and charters.

The intensification of segregation in charters is especially important for the African American community because a new report by the NAACP’s Task Force on Quality Education found that one in eight African American students in the United States now attends a charter school.

A national research study found that charter schools are “more racially isolated than traditional public schools in virtually every state and large metropolitan area in the nation.” A big problem with school choice is that “Parents choose to leave more racially integrated district schools to attend more racially segregated charter schools.” which “helps to explain why there are so few racially balanced charter schools.”

The same study found that choice was also bad for achievement on average as, “the relatively large negative effects of charter schools on the achievement of African America students is driven by students who transfer into charter schools that are more racially isolated than the schools they have left.”

Which is where we must talk about the achievement data in PA.

What is actual data on charters in PA? Honestly, the policymakers in Harrisburg should be ashamed. The bottom line is the traditional public schools outperform charter schools on average across the state.

Here is the data.

I think the NAACP said it best in their 2010 resolution,

“NAACP rejects the emphasis on charter schools as the vanguard approach for the education of children, instead of focusing attention, funding, and policy advocacy on improving existing, low performing public schools and will work through local, state and federal legislative processes to ensure that all public schools are provided the necessary funding, support and autonomy necessary to educate all students”

Please Facebook Like, Tweet, etc below and/or reblog to share this discussion with others.

Check out and follow my YouTube channel here.

Twitter: @ProfessorJVH

Click here for Vitae.

Fact Checking KIPP, TFA and DeVos Charter Voucher Acolytes (trap laid) Do you think the "school choice" alliance between KIPP, TFA and DeVos acolytes is unusual or expected?

#AFC #American Federation for Children #Betsy DeVos #Carol Burris #Charter Schools #Consider It conversations #CREDO #KIPP #NAACP #Reading #Teach for America

0 notes