#coastal gas link

[allthecanadianpolitics]

A controversial pipeline meant to transport natural gas across northern British Columbia has passed a major milestone. On Monday, TC Energy announced it has finished installing pipe on its Coastal GasLink pipeline project. "That means that all 670 kilometres of pipe has been welded, coated, lowered into the trench, rigorously tested, and backfilled," the company said in a release. First planned more than a decade ago, the pipeline will carry natural gas from near Dawson Creek in the province's northeast to a massive LNG Canada processing facility in Kitimat on the West Coast, where it is to be liquefied and shipped to Asia, opening up new markets for Canadian producers. [...] While the pipeline has buy-in from several elected First Nations bands along its route, it has faced high-profile opposition from a group of hereditary chiefs who assert that Wet'suwet'en territory has never been ceded to the federal government and that pre-colonial governance structures are still responsible for the land. In November 2021, 29 people were arrested over two days of police action in Wet'suwet'en territory as RCMP moved in on a resistance camp, known as Coyote camp, that had been occupying a key work site for Coastal GasLink, a number of whom are now facing charges of criminal contempt.

Continue Reading.

Tagging: @politicsofcanada

#first nations #Indigenous #wet'suwet'en #Coastal Gas Link #LNG #cdnpoli #canada #canadian politics

[noneedtofearorhope]

Over the last several weeks we have spiked large swaths of trees in the so-called “Capitol State Forest” in rural so-called “Thurston County, Washington” (ancestral Nisqually, Squaxin, and Chehalis land), leading up to the November 5th day of action in solidarity with the Wet’suwet’en struggle against Coastal Gas Link and the Canadian government’s colonial intrusion into their territory.

This seasonal transition has been sharp and hard on the land. Our forests here experienced an unusually sudden shift from severe heatwaves and drought that lasted late into the fall, to floods and freezes with minimal autumnal gentle rains to steward the earth into the rainy season. These forests which have fed so many for time immemorial show the consequences. As climate change-fueled “natural” disasters become more and more devastating every year, the industrial rate of destruction of everything that sustains the land and the people on it only escalates. Politicians speak out of one side of their mouths about “truth and reconciliation” or “climate action,” while with the other side of their mouths they send the police to clear the way for mining and logging companies. Swaths of land dripping in moss and bubbling with streams, teeming with mushrooms and other life will soon be left as dry mangled fields, mirrors of the hellscapes being created in unceded Wet’suwet’en territory. Lifeless, and robbed of all sustenance and culture, useless to anyone but the corporations and people who sold off a forest they had no connection to.

All of these industries are on the side of Coastal Gas Link and they are all our enemies. We feel the rage, creativity, and determination of the people of Wet’suwet’en and Wedzin Kwa, and must all act against every aspect of colonial industry which threatens the sovereignty and lifeblood of lands and waters. We hope this message serves as a warning to deter all upcoming timber sales in the Capitol Forest. If the trees are cut, we hope for maximum damage to the chainsaws and mills.

Up in Wet’suwet’en territory, CGL just blew up Lamprey Creek, an active salmon and eel spawning ground, and home to two elders’ cabins on the Wedzin Kwah river. These waters and forests are lifeblood being stolen and desecrated. Drilling under the crystal clear Wedzin Kwah is active, while salmon actively spawn nearby. Wet’suwet’en protectors have specifically called on anarchists to step up. This comes with huge risk for the Wet’suwet’en. Let that call be heard and felt by our friends and our enemies.

DECOLONIZE THE PLANET GO LOG IN HELL WORLDWIDE SOLIDARITY WITH WET’SUWET’EN CGL FUCK OFF ALSO STOP COP CITY – DEFEND THE ATLANTA FOREST SHUTDOWNEVERYTHING

#direct action #ecodefense #solidarity #wet'suwet'en #no pipelines #monkeywrenching #environmentalism #coastal gas link #colonialism #climate change #wedzin kwa #capital forest #anarchy #anarchism #water is life #forest defense #puget sound

[loathsome-little-creature]

It’s super fucked up how little support the wet’suwet’en resistance to the coastal gas link pipeline got. I mean seriously, the feds sent actual fucking PMCs to invade wet’suwet’en land, full of unarmed civilians, over a peaceful blockade (though unarmed civilians is a redundant term in Canada for the most part because of our wretched laws). And they get little to no support from supposed “allies”. Actually genuinely pathetic.

#I know this is a deviation from my normal shitposting but it’s important to me

[nomadicflowers]

Environmental impact documents conclude that if the oil produced by Willow is burned, it would create 260 million metric tons (260,000,000,000 kg ) of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. The noise, traffic, and pollution the project brings will disrupt ecosystems that Indigenous Alaskans have relied on for millennia. And the project threatens the already vulnerable caribou population — a vital resource many native communities rely on.

What happens when you drill in Alaska? Seismic vibrations can disrupt plants' growth patterns. In addition, the infrastructure from oil drilling can cause drainage issues for plants. Infrastructure, particularly road-building, can also lead to alkaline dust spreading across and settling on topsoil. Expansion of oil and gas drilling in their habitat could be extremely damaging. Direct contact with spilled oil would kill polar bears but an invisible threat could persist for years, as toxic substances lingering in ice or water may impact the entire food web of the Arctic ecosystem for years to come.

Offshore oil and gas drilling threatens our beaches, rivers, creeks, salt marshes and Sea Islands. It threatens wildlife like brown pelicans, bottlenose dolphins, sea turtles and endangered North Atlantic right whales. Offshore oil and gas drilling threatens our coastal way of life.

The production and use of oil and gas are inextricably linked to water. The extraction and processing of oil and gas consume large volumes of water, produce wastewater and may accidentally pollute water supplies. These effects have an impact on water supplies, human health and natural resources.

Is oil drilling help cause global warming?Not only that, the oil and gas industry releases massive amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas that is 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. All told, the industry is responsible for 38% of all methane emissions in the United States, or 3.8% of all greenhouse gases.

Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is a primary component of natural gas. Methane is also a greenhouse gas (GHG), so its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth's temperature and climate system. Methane is emitted from a variety of anthropogenic (human-influenced) and natural sources.

Why is the Willow Project bad?

*

* The proposed project is a climate disaster in waiting.

* The analysis for the project covers only a sliver of ConocoPhillips’ plans for the area.

* New information on the risk of gas leaks has not been properly assessed.

* ConocoPhillips has played an influential role in the environmental review.

Oil destroys the insulating ability of fur-bearing mammals, such as sea otters, and the water repellency of a bird's feathers, thus exposing these creatures to the harsh elements. Without the ability to repel water and insulate from the cold water, birds and mammals will die from hypothermia.

The impact of an oil spill.

* harms animals and insects.

* prevents photosynthesis in plants.

* disrupts the food chain.

* takes a long time to recover.

#stop project willow #project willow #willow project #earth #earth activist #save earth #fuck Biden

[mariacallous]

Sweden’s suddenly cleared path to NATO membership casts the Baltic Sea region in a new strategic light. For the first time in modern history, every state in the region except Russia will be part of a single, close-knit military alliance, which has led some to giddily declare the Baltic Sea a NATO lake. Other than the fate of Ukraine itself, the creation of a powerful northeastern bloc in NATO is the most strategically significant fallout for Europe from Russian President Vladimir Putin’s decision to go to war.

The Baltic region is also a crucible from which the answers to many of NATO’s most pressing questions could emerge. What does a coherent strategy for deterring Russia look like? How can the Baltic states best be defended? What capabilities are needed, and how will they be integrated across the alliance? The contributions of NATO’s newly unified Baltic bloc—the Nordics, the three Baltic states, Poland, and Germany—to European defense will be vital to the resilience of the alliance.

With NATO focused on supporting Ukraine and better securing the bloc’s eastern frontier, another vital effect of northeastern security cooperation is only now beginning to receive the attention it deserves. The region must urgently address two overlapping challenges: maritime infrastructure protection and energy security. Indeed, in addressing these vulnerabilities, the countries of the region could collectively strengthen security, become a laboratory for how to protect maritime infrastructure, and serve as a model for other regions to follow.

The Baltic Sea, just like the North Sea farther west, hosts a dense web of critical infrastructure links: ports and terminals, undersea pipelines, electricity transmission cables, and telecommunication cables. And their number is expected to grow: As the region completes a massive swing away from Russian energy, governments are expanding their liquefied natural gas (LNG) import infrastructure, building out offshore wind parks, and investing in new undersea power transmission lines. As the Baltic states accelerate their departure from the Russian power grid—a legacy from when they were annexed by the Soviet Union—they are making significant investments in power links with Europe. These and other investments will create an even denser network of critical infrastructure, particularly in an already crowded Baltic Sea.

Of course, Russia still maintains power projection capability, mainly through its naval, air, and missile bases in Kaliningrad—and unlike Russian land forces, these have not been gutted by the Kremlin’s war in Ukraine. The Russian Navy may be underfunded, but its underwater capabilities are growing in strength. Although the perpetrators have not been definitively determined, the underwater bombings of two Nord Stream pipelines near the Danish island of Bornholm in September 2022—as well as ongoing Russian threats and operations in the Baltic Sea and North Sea—have forced European governments to pay more attention to their highly vulnerable offshore energy and other infrastructure.

Accurately assessing threats to maritime energy and undersea communication infrastructure can be difficult. Adversaries could use submarines to deploy crewed or uncrewed submersibles, but attacks could also be launched from research vessels or even passing commercial ships. Also vulnerable to approach by sea are shoreline installations, such as LNG terminals. Landing stations for fiber-optic telecommunication cables are another possible target. What’s more, an adversary could easily employ civilian saboteurs to damage coastal infrastructure.

An attack need not be catastrophic—infrastructure networks usually have redundancies and extra capacity built in to compensate. Below the threshold of a blackout strike, however, infrastructure sabotage can be used by an adversary as a relatively easy and affordable way of sending a message or undermining a population’s sense of security. Sabotage could also prepare the ground for a broader attack. What makes sabotage attractive for an adversary is that attribution can be difficult, compounding the sense of insecurity and confusion. In January 2022, for instance, an undersea fiber-optic cable connecting a satellite ground station on the Norwegian island of Svalbard to the country’s mainland was severed, causing much speculation over Russian involvement. No conclusive evidence ever emerged. Meanwhile, NATO is certain that Russian spy ships have increased their efforts to map Europe’s critical maritime infrastructure.

Some of the larger countries in Europe are looking to step up their capacity to monitor, protect, and repair their undersea infrastructure. France has launched a new seabed warfare strategy and is investing in unmanned underwater vehicles, while Britain is creating a new Centre for Seabed Mapping and dedicating a multirole ocean surveillance ship to safeguarding infrastructure. Britain and Norway have also entered a security partnership to jointly protect their undersea infrastructure, a sign of London’s ambition to be a security provider in the region, including with regard to maritime energy and other infrastructure. (The two nations are major natural gas producers and have a network of pipelines crisscrossing the North Sea.) In the Baltic Sea, the Polish government is contemplating legislation that would permit the military to target ships attacking a key gas pipeline and establish a permanent coast guard base at the LNG terminal in the port of Swinoujscie. NATO already has a standing Maritime Group monitoring the North and Baltic seas and is conducting military exercises there. The Swedish submarine fleet will in future contribute greatly to NATO’s capabilities in the Baltic.

Most smaller European countries have only limited capacity to monitor and repair maritime infrastructure, even in their own waters. For all states, coordination remains a big challenge: Commercial owners and operators, militaries, coast guards, and other security services all have some responsibility in this field, as do policymakers and public administrators at various levels. While industry actors are often more aware of the immediate consequences of damaged energy or communication links, they rarely have access to comprehensive threat assessments compiled, if at all, by national governments. Then there is the issue of coordination across international borders. With so many actors involved, assembling a fully integrated operational picture of activity below and above water and developing contingency plans for responses to threats can be challenging, to say the least.

The Baltic Sea, with its shallow waters, low salinity, and many islands and archipelagoes, comes with some terrain-specific security challenges. Nevertheless, it is a useful testbed for how best to coordinate European responses to threats against critical maritime infrastructure. Both NATO and the European Union have turned their attention to shaping these responses and announced a new joint flagship initiative: the Task Force on Resilience of Critical Infrastructure. NATO-EU collaboration is a no-brainer here, since protecting critical maritime infrastructure requires merging military and civilian security measures. But both NATO and the EU will likely encounter obstacles working with so many different private actors and with sharing sensitive information about national infrastructure even among allies.

NATO can take the military lead. In recent months, it has ramped up patrols and naval exercises in the North Sea and Baltic Sea and established a new Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure within NATO’s Maritime Command. The bloc also wants to bring together national civilian, military, and industry stakeholders, doubling down on NATO’s role as a hub for sharing information and best practices. The alliance also plans to support members in identifying innovative technologies that can help secure critical undersea infrastructure. To underline the importance of all this, NATO leaders meeting in Vilnius, Lithuania, this week dedicated a whole paragraph of their official communique to the “real and … developing” threat to critical undersea infrastructure.

The EU updated its maritime strategy this year, stating its intention to ensure the resilience and protection of critical maritime infrastructure. A traditional starting point for the EU is to launch blocwide regulation, including a directive on critical infrastructure that entered into force this year. But the effectiveness of these measures depends on national capitals’ willingness to implement them effectively and quickly. The EU might get further if it is able to complement its regulatory stick with financial carrots, especially for smaller member states. Some of these states have asked for a dedicated section of the EU budget for public investments to protect critical infrastructure. The EU could also use its newly expanded tools on defense industrial funding to support member state investment in securing infrastructure.

Both organizations should also prepare for future threats to maritime infrastructure that may come not only from Russia. China, for instance, poses a different kind of security challenge as it buys and develops critical maritime infrastructure in Europe, from undersea communication cables to stakes in European ports. European governments have grown more alert to the potential risks of these investments in recent years, even as countries such as Germany continue to sign over infrastructure to Beijing. But officials tasked with tightening the investment review process complain that they do not yet have access to a clear map of who owns what in undersea and shoreline infrastructure.

In the years to come, the countries of the Baltic Sea region will be able to stress-test European responses to these challenges. Their efforts will likely yield valuable lessons for other operational theaters. These could include the Arctic, where melting ice could open up new sea routes for digital infrastructure. Partners of the West in the Indo-Pacific, facing similar hybrid threats to their critical maritime infrastructure, could learn from the European experience as well. Lessons from the region could also inform the EU’s plan to invest in a new undersea internet cable in the Black Sea designed to improve digital connections to Georgia, a candidate for EU membership, while reducing the country’s dependence on cables running through Russia.

The efforts to develop and implement a robust, shared approach to maritime infrastructure and energy security should include all countries in the Baltic Sea region, with the obvious exception of Russia. That may take some work, as these countries have not always seen eye to eye on security, especially in their assessment of Russia. Security in the northeastern bloc needs the buy-in of powerful Western European countries such as Germany. But the relationship between Berlin and Warsaw is increasingly deadlocked, preventing these two major countries from providing leadership in the region. Germany’s announcement that it will permanently station a military brigade in Lithuania, if it can be implemented quickly, could go some way to rebuild the trust lost by Berlin through its many years of Russia-friendly policies. The Polish elections in the fall, if they bring a change in government, might relax Warsaw’s relationship with the rest of Europe. A more strategic approach to regional security, however, will rely in large part on the military experience and innovation capacity of the smaller, nimbler Nordic and Baltic countries.

If NATO’s Baltic Sea members can build on Finnish and Swedish accession to the alliance, use all the tools at their disposal, and pursue a more coordinated, pragmatic approach to critical infrastructure security, they will reduce one of Europe’s greatest vulnerabilities exposed by Putin’s war on Ukraine. If NATO’s new northeastern bloc fails to achieve this despite a clear common threat and interest, there is little hope that the alliance can succeed elsewhere.

[warningsine]

Violent wildfires, fuelled by climate change, have killed scores of people across the Mediterranean. 

Deaths have been reported in Greece, where a plane dropping water on the blaze crashed, killing both pilots. 

Yet, the heaviest death toll so far is in Algeria where there have been 34 victims, including 10 soldiers surrounded by flames during an evacuation in the coastal province of Bejaia, east of Algiers.

Two people died in southern Italy on Tuesday. 

Scorching temperatures have blasted several countries across the Med for days now, creating tinder box conditions. 

Extreme weather events such as these are linked to human-induced climate change. Scientists warn they will only grow more frequent, severe and longer unless people and governments drastically reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. 

Algeria

In Algeria, firefighters continued to tackle 11 fires ravaging the northeast, after managing to put out around 80% of the deadly blazes that killed at least 34 people over the last three days.

Local media images show fields and bushes on fire, charred cars and shops reduced to ashes.

In Toudja, a badly hard-hit area in the northeast, the fire was almost entirely stopped, despite a few persistent outbreaks. Sixteen people died here. 

Firefighting planes dropped water for two days on this wooded area, located on the shores of the Mediterranean.

Fires have also raged in neighbouring Tunisia, where 300 people had to be evacuated from the coastal village of Melloula.

Greece

Greece has been particularly hard hit, with authorities evacuating more than 20,000 people in recent days from homes and resorts on the holiday island of Rhodes.

Two Greek airforce pilots - aged 27 and 34 - died yesterday when their water-dropping plane, crashed on the island of Evia, east of Athens. 

Savage forest fires have ravaged the country for ten days, with firefighting teams from around Europe scrambling to help. 

On Tuesday, temperatures were pushed back into the 40s, with strong winds whipping by the flames. 

With apocalyptic images of decimated forests continuing to shock Greece, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis warned the struggle against wildfires would remain "difficult".

In reference to the dead pilots, he said: “They offered their lives to save lives.” 

“They proved how hazardous their daily missions in extinguishing fires are ... In their memory, we continue the war against the destructive forces of nature.”

Successive evacuations of locals and holidaymakers have been ordered on Corfu, Evia and Rhodes. Tourist flights have now largely been cancelled, though some providers were still running flights in affected areas. 

Italy

While storms batter the north, parts of southern Italy are going up in flames.

Firefighters on Tuesday battled wildfires in Sicily, one of which got so close to Palermo airport it was shut down for several hours on Tuesday morning.

The tarmac melted and authorities urged people not to come to the airport for “security reasons.”

At least 1,500 people have so far been evacuated from the Palermo area. The national fire brigade, Vigili del Fuoco (VdF), said the situation was “critical” in five areas around the city, where several houses had been affected by the fires.

Sicily's civil protection agency reported temperatures of up to 47.6 degrees Celsius in Catania on Monday.

The bodies of two septuagenarians were found charred in a house engulfed in flames and an 88-year-old woman died near Palermo, media reported on Tuesday evening.

The president of the Sicilian region, Renato Schifani, has indicated that he wants to ask the government, which meets on Wednesday, to declare a state of emergency on the Mediterranean island.

In Italy's northern Lombardy region, a powerful storm accompanied by heavy hail caused flooding and power outages and was blamed for the death of a 16-year-old girl at a scouts' camp.

France

Firefighters fought in overnight from Tuesday to Wednesday a virulent fire threatening three villages in Haute-Corse, south Corsica. 

The fires were close to three villages, Corbara, Pigna and Santa-Reparata-Di-Balagna. 

Parts of two hamlets have "many sensitive points, dwellings, religious points", according to the firefighters.

Some 130 hectares of vegetation have already been ravaged by the flames according to a latest assessment.

Croatia

Flames came within 12 km of Croatia's medieval town Dubrovnik late on Tuesday.

Dubrovnik was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1979 recognition of its outstanding medieval architecture and fortified old town.

Turkey

In Turkey, authorities evacuated a dozen homes and a hospital as a precaution on Tuesday. 

Wildfires are raging through a rugged forest area near the Mediterranean resort of Kemer, in Antalya province.

Another wildfire in the western province of Manisa was brought under control a day after it burnt at least 14 homes.

#wildfires #mediterranean #news #climate change

[americangeophysicalunion]

Doñana Wetlands: Disappearing Despite 50 Years of Protection…

Dear AGU,

It is April 2022, and we are on a field trip with students of the Master in Techniques and Sciences of Water Quality (University of Granada) at Doñana wetlands (SW Spain). Doñana, established as a National Park by Spanish Government (1969), and recognized as a Biosphere Reserve (1980) and World Heritage Site (1994) by UNESCO, enjoys a high level of protection. Doñana National Park is the culmination of efforts of visionary scientists and renowned naturalists (such as José Antonio Valverde or Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente featured in the bust here).

However, despite >50 years of protection, our students identified and discussed a wide range of threats on this “jewel in the crown” of biodiversity, such as the establishment of invasive species, the increasing risk of forest fires linked to droughts and global warming, or new menaces linked to intended projects as the reopening of the Aznalcóllar pyrite mine with planned discharges to the Guadalquivir river, or the projects of extraction and storage of natural gas in Doñana subsoil, with risks of rupture and spill on the main aquifer that nourishes Doñana. Of these, the most alarming current threat on the Doñana ecosystem (as identified by the students), is habitat loss –by drying out– and deterioration –by eutrophication– of its aquatic ecosystems (seasonal ponds, lagoons, and marshlands) due to intensive agriculture in the surrounding watershed. Chief among the solutions proposed by the students is enforcing water withdrawal legal regulations in combination with improving water use and conservation in the watershed. Through raising awareness of the problem and improved environmental education –leading to the recognition that water is the lifeblood of wetlands– and appealing to UNESCO to add Doñana to the List of World Heritage in Danger, we hope wetland biodiversity hot-spots like Doñana can be saved for future generations.

Photos, starting from the upper left and going clock-wise, represent the University of Granada group studying eutrophication of Rocina stream in the Doñana watershed; in a visitable part of the coastal dunes of Doñana; under an impressive millennial olive tree at El Rocío village; alongside the bust of Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente near Palacio del Acebrón visitors center; marshland vegetation within National Park; adjacent unprotected and water-exploited area.

– Juanma Medina-Sánchez, Mani Villar-Argaiz, Pre Carrillo (Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Spain) and Bopi Biddanda (Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Michigan) https://ecologia.ugr.es, http://www.institutodelagua.es, https://www.gvsu.edu/wri/

#postcards from the field

[crristinaa-level6]

MJ: Research part 2

- According to Statista's ocean pollution by country report, in 2010, China was responsible for 8.8 million metric tons of mismanaged waste, with an estimated 3.53 million metric tons ending up in the oceans.

- Despite having the largest population globally, China aimed to recycle 35% of its plastic waste by 2020.

- Indonesia, with a population of 264 million, had 3.2 million tons of mismanaged waste, resulting in 1.29 million tons entering the oceans.

- The United States, with 327 million inhabitants, contributed 0.11 million metric tons of waste to ocean pollution.

- In 2010, both China and Indonesia accounted for over a third of the world's plastic waste, as reported by the Wall Street Journal.

- The ocean pollution statistics by country report was conducted by a team of researchers from Australia and the United States, led by Jenna Jambeck, aiming to analyze global levels of plastic waste in the oceans.

What are the causes and what is marine pollution?

80% of pollution in our oceans comes from land-based sources.

Most developing countries dispose of 90% of water, and 70% of industrial waste gets discharged into our oceans without treatment.

We produce 100,000 chemicals commercially – all of which threaten the ocean through transport accidents and leaking into the soil or atmosphere to reach the sea.

1950-1998 over 100 nuclear blast tests occurred in our oceans.

50% of the world’s ship cargo is considered dangerous to the environment; 90% of the planets international trade is transported by ship.

6,000 offshore gas and oil installations provide 30% of the world's energy supply.

The gas and oil industry releases greenhouse gases and causes thousands of spills annually.

Oil spills are vastly dangerous to the oceans, but only 12% come from actual spills – the rest leaks in from drains and rivers.

3,000 different marine species are transported around the planet in 12 Billion tons of ballast waters, causing significant problems with invasive species entering marine ecosystems.

In the Baltic sea alone, over 100 alien species are impacting marine life.

80% of global marine pollution comes from agriculture runoff, untreated sewage, and discharge of nutrients and pesticides.

Coastal areas are significantly impacted by fertilizer runoff from lawns and farms. These nutrients cause algal blooms to flourish and dissolve the water's oxygen levels.

These harmful algal-based blooms have tripled since 1984, closing beaches and killing fish.

Annually, the Mississippi River flows 1.5 million tons of nitrogen pollution into the Gulf of Mexico.

The U.S. Navy uses a high-intensity sonar for training – this has been linked to whale strandings.

Marine pollution causes 1: discarding materials that can be recycled 

- Recyclable materials disposed of in regular bins instead of being recycled can end up in landfills.

- Some countries lack recycling programs, further contributing to this issue.

- When recyclable items are deposited in landfills, toxins can leach into the soil and eventually reach the ocean through rivers.

- Lightweight plastics, in particular, are prone to blowing away during transportation or from landfills, potentially ending up in drainage systems and rivers, ultimately polluting the oceans.

Marine pollution causes 2: everyday littering 

- When plastics and other potentially toxic materials are littered, drainage systems and rivers transport them to the sea.

- Rainwater or wind can facilitate the movement of litter into drainage routes leading to the ocean.

- Illegal dumping of waste exacerbates this issue on a larger scale than individual littering.

Marine pollution causes 3: products and chemicals that go into our drains

- Many people improperly discard everyday products like sanitary products, cotton buds, and wet wipes down the toilet.

- Additionally, people may not realize that washing clothes made from materials classified as plastics releases microfibers, which also find their way into our drainage systems and ultimately reach the sea.

Where does most of the ocean pollution come from?

90% of the global ocean debris comes from 10 rivers alone.

8 in Asia: Amur, Indus, Pearl, Yangtze, Yellow, Ganges, Hai He, Mekong;

2 in Africa: Niger and the Nile.

Tops 10 rivers 

1,469,481 tons - Chang Jiang (Yangtze River)

164,332 tons - Indus

124,249 tons - Huang He (Yellow River)

91,858 tons - Hai He

84,792 tons - Nile

72,845 tons - Meghna, Brahmaputra, Ganges

52,958 tons - Zhujiang (Pearl River)

38,267 tons - Amur 

35,196 tons - Niger

33,431 tons - Mekong

- Dr. Christian Schmidt and his team conducted research to identify the entry points of ocean pollution, particularly focusing on the sources of plastic pollution.

- Over the past decade, researchers analyzed waste in the water near 57 major rivers that flow into the oceans.

- Their study revealed that 10 rivers are responsible for 90% of the plastics entering the oceans.

- Schmidt and his team calculated waste quantities per cubic meter and compared them across the 57 rivers studied, identifying the top 10 rivers with the highest plastic pollution levels.

- Eight of these rivers are located in Asia: the Amur, Indus, Pearl, Yangtze, Yellow, Ganges, Hai He, and Mekong. The remaining two are the Niger and Nile rivers in Africa.

How does ocean pollution affect humans? 

Coastal water contamination is responsible for 250 million clinical cases of human diseases annually.

Only 1 in 20 adults bathing are at risk of becoming ill after a single bathing visit in waters considered ‘acceptable’ by microbial standards.

At the current rate, by the end of the century, our waters will be 150% more acidic than now.

80% of sewage discharged into the Mediterranean Sea is untreated.

Contaminated shellfish is the cause of 50,000-100,000 deaths annually due to damaged immune systems and cancer.

People who primarily eat seafood as their diet like indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic and Greenland are found to be contaminated by POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants).

100% of the population of East Greenland has blood contamination.

The direct medical and health costs of polluted waters are $16 Billion globally each year.

Economic losses due to non-indigenous species getting introduced into the ocean are in the 100’s of millions of dollars.

70% of the oxygen we and other land animals is directly from the sea.

- Man's survival hinges on a harmonious relationship with the planet's oceans, as over 70% of the oxygen we breathe is produced by marine plants.

- Activities on land directly impact offshore environments; for instance, 30% of our CO2 emissions are absorbed by oceans, while waste disposal affects the ecosystem and wildlife toxicity.

- Ocean pollution poses significant risks to humans, contaminating seafood and water supplies with plastics, metals, and chemicals.

- The bacteria in polluted water interact with disposed metals like mercury, converting them into highly toxic forms.

- Marine plant life absorbs these toxins, which then accumulate in fish, a staple of human diets, resulting in the transfer of toxic waste up the food chain.

- Exposure to methylmercury, a byproduct of polluted waters, has been linked to serious health issues such as heart disease, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease.

- Even swimming in polluted waters can lead to adverse effects like rashes, diarrhoea, and stomach aches.

#major project #visual communication

[binshad123]

Unveiling Kerala's Oil and Gas Potential: A Tale of Resource Exploration and Environmental Sensitivity

Nestled along the serene coastlines of the Arabian Sea lies Kerala, a state renowned for its lush green landscapes, backwater networks, and vibrant culture. While Kerala's natural beauty captivates millions, beneath its picturesque surface lies a story of potential riches – oil and gas. In this blog, we delve into Kerala's oil and gas landscape, exploring its exploration history, environmental concerns, and the delicate balance between resource extraction and ecological preservation.

Oil and Gas Exploration in Kerala:

Kerala's tryst with oil and gas exploration dates back to the early 20th century when the potential of hydrocarbon resources in the region was first recognized. The discovery of small oil and gas reserves in the state spurred interest among exploration companies, leading to several drilling initiatives over the years.

One of the most significant exploratory efforts in Kerala took place in the early 2000s when the state government collaborated with national and international oil companies to conduct seismic surveys and drilling operations offshore. While these endeavors yielded promising results, commercial viability remained a challenge, primarily due to the complex geological formations and relatively small reserves.

Environmental Concerns:

The pursuit of oil and gas resources in Kerala has not been without controversy, with environmentalists raising concerns about the potential ecological impact of exploration and extraction activities. Kerala's unique ecosystem, characterized by rich biodiversity and fragile coastal habitats, faces significant risks from oil spills, habitat destruction, and pollution associated with hydrocarbon exploration.

Furthermore, the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas reserves in Kerala's pristine coastal areas could pose a threat to traditional livelihoods dependent on fishing and tourism. The specter of environmental degradation looms large, necessitating a cautious approach towards resource extraction and stringent regulatory frameworks to mitigate potential risks.

Balancing Development and Conservation:

As Kerala grapples with the dual challenges of economic development and environmental conservation, striking a balance between the two becomes imperative. While oil and gas exploration hold the promise of economic prosperity and energy security, they must not come at the expense of environmental sustainability and social well-being.

The government, industry stakeholders, and civil society must collaborate to develop a comprehensive strategy that ensures responsible resource management, incorporates robust environmental safeguards, and prioritizes the interests of local communities. Embracing renewable energy alternatives and promoting sustainable practices can further mitigate the state's reliance on fossil fuels while preserving its natural heritage for future generations.

Looking Ahead:

As Kerala navigates the complexities of oil and gas exploration, it stands at a crossroads where the choices made today will shape its environmental legacy and socio-economic trajectory for years to come. By embracing innovation, fostering dialogue, and adopting a holistic approach to development, Kerala can harness its oil and gas potential while safeguarding its ecological treasures.

In conclusion, the story of oil and gas course in Kerala is not just one of resource exploration but also of environmental stewardship and sustainable development. It is a narrative that underscores the intrinsic link between human prosperity and planetary health, reminding us of the delicate balance we must strive to maintain in our quest for progress.

#Oil and gas courses in kochi #kerala | Blitz Academy

[ultrajaphunter]

War in Ukraine

WHY NOT ATTACK RUSSIAN OIL WELLS AND PLATFORMS?

Ukraine has been Adopting the Strategy of Financially Suffocating RuZZia by Attacking its Main Refining Units.

This is an Excellent Action, as it Strangles RuZZia's ability to finance its imperialist war (see our post on the Subject at the link below).

Could it be that if Ukraine Started Attacking RuZZian Oil Wells and Platforms it Would Achieve Good Results, Accelerating RuZZia's Financial Ruin?

RuZZia has Thousands of Oil Stations, Most of Which are Located in the West Siberian Region, especially in the Area known as the Tyumen Basin, which includes the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets regions.

These Regions are Rich in Natural Resources, including Oil and natural gas. In Addition to the Clear Problem of Distance,

Attacking Oil wells is infinitely Less Efficient than Directly Attacking Refineries.

Wells are Small Units, which basically work with Pumping the Product. Refineries are Gigantic and Complex Units, which use Expensive Equipment that is Difficult to Replace, Such as Distillation Towers, the Main Target of Ukrainian Attacks.

However, RuZZia also extracts oil at sea. One of the main areas of offshore Oil extraction is in the Caspian Sea, where RuZZia has Oil Production operations. Additionally, there are other coastal regions such as the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Barents Sea where RuZZia is also involved in oil extraction.

Any attacks on RuZZian Platforms on the high Seas could bring an important gain for Ukraine, as they are Specialized and Extremely Expensive Structures.

However, Although some of them are achievable, there is a greater Risk of harming civilians on Site and causing an environmental Disaster.

The United States felt the effects of One of the biggest environmental Disasters, in April 2010, when its Deepwater Horizon Platform, located in the Gulf of Mexico, Exploded, Killing Several Operators and Resulting in a spill of millions of Barrels of Oil being Released into the Ocean, Causing Significant environmental Damage to Marine life, Coastal Ecosystems and local Economies.

So, Attacks on RuZZian Oil Platforms, Although Possible, Could turn into a Problem for Ukraine itself, Due to Pressure from Allied Countries Affected by the Effects.

[rashaanayah]

How Climate Change Fuels Hurricanes, Heatwaves, Droughts by Rasha Anayah

Rasha Anayah

How Climate Change Fuels Hurricanes, Heatwaves, Droughts by Rasha Anayah

Extreme weather events have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, with hurricanes, heatwaves, and droughts wreaking havoc on communities around the globe. While these phenomena have always existed, the intensification and frequency of extreme weather events can largely be attributed to climate change. In this blog, we delve into the ways in which climate change exacerbates extreme weather events with the help of experts like Rasha Anayah, the impacts on society and the environment, and the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation strategies.

The Role of Climate Change in Intensifying Hurricanes

One of the most visible and devastating manifestations of climate change is the intensification of hurricanes. Warmer ocean temperatures provide the energy needed to fuel hurricanes, resulting in stronger winds, heavier rainfall, and more destructive storm surges. As sea levels rise due to melting ice caps and glaciers, coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of hurricanes, including flooding, erosion, and infrastructure damage. Moreover, climate change can alter atmospheric conditions, leading to changes in hurricane patterns and trajectories, posing new challenges for forecasting and disaster preparedness efforts.

In addition to the physical impacts, hurricanes exacerbated by climate change can have far-reaching social and economic consequences. Displacement of communities, loss of livelihoods, and disruption of essential services can exacerbate existing inequalities and deepen the vulnerability of marginalized populations. Furthermore, the financial costs of hurricane damage and recovery efforts place a significant burden on governments, insurers, and taxpayers, highlighting the urgent need for proactive measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change on hurricane activity.

Amplifying Heat Waves Through Climate Change

Heatwaves are another manifestation of extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change, with rising global temperatures leading to more frequent and intense periods of extreme heat. As greenhouse gas emissions trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, heatwaves become more prolonged and widespread, posing serious risks to public health and safety. Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly susceptible to heat-related illnesses, including heatstroke, dehydration, and respiratory problems.

Moreover, heatwaves can have cascading effects on ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure, exacerbating water scarcity, wildfires, and food insecurity. In urban areas, the urban heat island effect can amplify the intensity of heatwaves, leading to higher temperatures and increased energy demand for cooling purposes. As heatwaves become more frequent and severe, the need for effective heat wave preparedness and response strategies becomes increasingly urgent, requiring coordinated efforts from governments, healthcare systems, and community organizations to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the impacts of extreme heat. Collaboration with experts like Rasha Anayah can provide valuable insights and expertise in developing and implementing comprehensive heatwave preparedness plans that address the unique challenges faced by different communities and regions.

The Link Between Climate Change and Droughts

Droughts are yet another consequence of climate change, with rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns contributing to water scarcity in many regions of the world. As temperatures rise, evaporation rates increase, leading to drying soils, depleted groundwater reserves, and reduced surface water availability. In addition to natural climate variability, human activities such as deforestation, over-extraction of water resources, and unsustainable agricultural practices can exacerbate the impacts of droughts, further straining ecosystems and livelihoods.

The impacts of droughts are wide-ranging and multifaceted, affecting agriculture, food security, biodiversity, and socioeconomic stability. Crop failures, livestock losses, and water shortages can lead to food insecurity and economic hardship for millions of people, particularly in developing countries. Moreover, drought-induced water scarcity can exacerbate conflicts over water resources, leading to social unrest and displacement of communities. As droughts become more frequent and severe due to climate change, adaptation measures such as water conservation, sustainable land management, and drought-resistant crop varieties become increasingly critical for building resilience and ensuring the long-term viability of water resources.

Climate experts like Rasha Anayah can provide valuable insights and expertise in developing and implementing effective drought adaptation strategies that address the complex socio-economic and environmental challenges associated with water scarcity.

Impacts on Society and the Environment

Extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change have far-reaching impacts on both society and the environment. From loss of life and displacement of communities to damage to infrastructure and disruption of essential services, the human toll of extreme weather events is profound and enduring. Moreover, the environmental consequences of extreme weather, including habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of ecosystems, threaten the long-term health and resilience of the planet.

In addition to the immediate impacts, extreme weather events can have long-term consequences for economic development, food security, and social stability. Disruption of agricultural production, damage to critical infrastructure, and increased healthcare costs place a heavy burden on economies already grappling with the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the unequal distribution of risks and vulnerabilities exacerbates existing inequalities, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities and exacerbating social disparities.

Urgent Need for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Addressing the impacts of extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change requires urgent action on multiple fronts. Mitigation efforts aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions are essential for curbing the pace and magnitude of climate change, thereby reducing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing policies to limit carbon emissions are critical steps toward mitigating the impacts of climate change on hurricanes, heatwaves, and droughts.

In addition to mitigation efforts, adaptation strategies are needed to build resilience and prepare communities for the impacts of extreme weather events that are already underway. Investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, and disaster preparedness measures can help reduce vulnerability and minimize the impacts of extreme weather on lives and livelihoods. Rasha Anayah says promoting sustainable land management practices, conserving natural ecosystems, and enhancing water resource management are essential for building resilience to droughts and ensuring the availability of water for future generations.

Extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change pose significant challenges to societies and ecosystems around the world. From hurricanes and heat waves to droughts and floods, the impacts of extreme weather are becoming more frequent, severe, and costly. Addressing the root causes of climate change through mitigation efforts and implementing adaptation strategies to build resilience are essential steps toward reducing the risks and impacts of extreme weather events on communities and ecosystems. By taking proactive measures to address climate change with the help of experts like Rasha Anayah, we can create a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come.

#rasha anayah the johns hopkins university

[fortunewindows1]

Difference Between UPVC And Aluminum Windows

Difference Between UPVC And Aluminum Windows

Have you been looking for UPVC or aluminum windows for your home improvement project but can't decide which material is the most efficient?

Because of their durability and current style, both UPVC and aluminum are regarded the ideal materials for windows. They give stylish and cheap options for residential areas.

Unplasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride, or UPVC, is a relatively new addition to widely used window materials that has grown in popularity due to its ability to withstand everything thrown at it. Aluminum, on the other hand, has been around for a long time and is known for its strength, broader frames, and low maintenance requirements.

Here's a rundown of the features of both UPVC and aluminum used in sliding glass windows to help you narrow down your options and make an educated decision.

Aluminium Windows:

• Strong and Durable :

Aluminium is a robust, lightweight metal that can survive a variety of conditions. When exposed to heat, the material does not swell and is rust resistant.

The capacity of aluminium to adequately manage the weight of glass is what makes it ideal for glass windows. Furthermore, its slim portions increase the glass surface area, allowing more light to enter the room.

• Aesthetic and Easy to Maintain:

Aluminium windows come in a variety of colours, styles, and casements, with the majority of them being manufactured as single, double, or triple pieces.

However, a quick clean of the frame and glass every 2-4 months should suffice to keep it looking beautiful and sparkling.

• Environment friendly:

Aluminium is environmentally beneficial since it is 100 percent recyclable and can be recycled numerous times, making it a long-term building material with a low environmental impact. Furthermore, it uses just 5% of the energy required for processing, resulting in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions when compared to the production and recycling of other materials.

Aluminium is a green metal because of its amazing properties, which allow it to provide high energy efficiency while using less resources and reducing carbon emissions.

UPVC Windows:

• Handle Tough Situations :

UPVC is a tough and long-lasting material with multi-chambered sections that are internally strengthened with galvanized steel. It is also UV resistant and does not corrode or rust, making it ideal for use in coastal regions

Above all, the capacity of UPVC to allow easy and successful installation of a high-security multi-point locking system that provides greater protection to the house makes it the finest choice for windows.

• Good Thermal Insulation:

In residential settings, UPVC is a multi-glazed material that provides excellent heat insulation and soundproofing. The material is a poor heat conductor and prevents any heat loss or gain within the house. It also serves as an efficient acoustic barrier, keeping out unwanted noises that can disturb or distract a person. It is also an energy-efficient option because it can help you save money on your electricity costs

Furthermore, to cover air gaps and maintain indoor room temperature, uPVC window frames are sealed with rubber gaskets and other sealants.

• Easy Maintenance:

UPVC windows are low-maintenance, allowing you to avoid the hassle of painting and cleaning on a regular basis. Furthermore, their modest weight allows for easy transportation and quick operation, lowering the cost of maintenance and repairs.

Not only that, but they include a built-in rain track that keeps water out of the house. These characteristics combine to considerably reduce the cost of maintenance and repair, making it the best option for your home

As a result, both aluminum and UPVC have characteristics that make them acceptable for any home. However, the choice between the two is entirely dependent on the person's needs and budget.

Visit the website by clicking on the link 🌐https://fortuneshoppe.com 🌐www.fortunewindow.co.in 🌐 https://fortune-windows.business.site/ Phone: [phone] Message Fortune on WhatsApp. https://wa.me/message/4HBPH72G4EKPN #frenchswingdoorinstallation #bifolddoorinstallation #residentialdoorreplacement #weathershieldwindows #floridawindows #roofing #windowcompany #nonimpactwindows #hurricanewindows #glass #home #residentialwindows #homerenovations #daytonabeach #doorsandwindows #design #siding #madeintheuk #framefast #manufacturer #framefastderby #madeinbritain #windowfitters #manufacturedinderby #derby #conservatories

[packagingpoint]

The Environmental Benefits of Intermodal Transportation

Intermodal freight refers to shipping goods using multiple modes of transportation in a load unit designed to easily move between trucks, trains and ships. Smart investments in intermodal infrastructure and operations better connect Canada’s vast landscape while reducing environmental impacts from transporting goods and people compared to past reliance on diesel trucks alone. This article explores how intermodal sustainability of transportation directly enables wider sustainability for communities along emerging corridors in Canada.

Rethinking Distance and Transportation

Economic realities have traditionally led regions like mining hubs in Saskatchewan or manufacturing centers in Ontario to favor affordable overlow-impact transportation. But climate imperatives today demand smart infrastructure that concurrently serves both economic and environmental priorities.

Intermodal represents the convergence of this twin pursuit.

Standard 53-foot intermodal containers offer a building block that streamlines transferring freight loads seamlessly between rail lines, ocean carriers and commercial vehicles as needed for each point of an integrated journey. Intermodal capabilities spread across the country transform how efficiently goods reach destinations while minimizing waste byproduct generation.

Direct and Indirect Sustainability Gains

Ongoing intermodal infrastructure investments by both the public and private sector directly accelerate progress toward Canada’s greenhouse gas emission goals in three measurable ways:

Less long-haul trucking burns less diesel fuel and reduces emissions by up to 75% for freight route segments replaced by electric rail or low-sulphur vessels designed for efficiency. Rail alone lowers carbon output by 3-5 times on average over highway transportation based on fuel consumed per ton-kilometer shipped.

Optimized container loading and just-in-time operation eliminates wasteful energy usage from inefficient half-full trailers or inventory staging delays. Intermodal precision aligns assets for improved energy utilization per container moved.

Dedicated intermodal hubs allow clean electric or lower-emission support equipment on site like gantry cranes, reach stackers and forklifts rather than relying on diesel truck engines for freight handling.

But beyond direct transportation impacts, enhancing intermodal connectivity powers indirect sustainability benefits that accumulate over time to transform underserved areas of Canada:

Expanded transportation access unlocks economic opportunities for smaller towns and inland ports along new corridors, raising standards of living with quality jobs.

Industry growth around intermodal hubs spreads prosperity more evenly across provinces and territories rather than overburdening a few dense megacities.

Export driven manufacturing gains scale to support secondary domestic supply chain spinoff activity because affordable logistics enable access to global markets.

Over two decades, China provides the blueprint for how targeted transportation infrastructure unlocks widespread sustainability on societal levels not just through immediate efficiencies. Canada would be wise to learn from recent history.

Obstacles Toward Optimized Intermodal Networks

Linking coastal gateways to national rail infrastructure through intermodal inland ports offers incredible potential to responsibly connect communities to the global economy. Yet realization of that vision faces real hurdles requiring coordinated attention:

Security Vulnerabilities – Intermodal supply chain concentration creates risk if disrupted. Resilience capabilities require ongoing investment.

Excess Traffic Burdens – Consolidating freight activity stresses small town infrastructure not built for industrial usage. Traffic management solutions become necessary nearby hubs.

Rural Access Inequities – Not all regions benefit equally from new corridors. Intentionally equitable infrastructure spending and regulatory policy must bridge gaps with subsidies and incentives where purely market-driven investment falls short.

With conscientious mitigation planning, each challenge has answers allowing intermodal capability build-out to improve sustainability for a wider benefitting population.

The Future of Freight in Canada

Intermodal transportation infrastructure enables the efficient, eco-friendly movement of freight across Canada’s vast landscape while directly supporting greener technology transformation and indirectly raising standards of living over time along emerging corridors.

Ongoing public and private partnership to enhance domestic intermodal networks concurrently pursues the twin priorities of economic prosperity and environmental sustainability for communities old and new. By intelligently connecting where Canadians live and produce goods to global trade gateways through multi-purpose containerized shipping, intermodal capability build-out cements green progress for society alongside business.

#air freight #harbor freight #transportation #sea freight #road freight #rail freight #ocean freight #transport technology #freightservices #land freight

[williamkergroach55]

Indian Ocean, a major geopolitical challenge

The new balance of power in the Indian Ocean is changing. The United States is no longer the dominant maritime power, but it will remain a major player. China and India are emerging as major maritime powers, while Russia is investing in the south.

Bombay-Moscow The Indian Ocean, long neglected in global geopolitical concerns, is becoming a central player in the geo-economic and geopolitical arena. This transformation is the result of the development of a corridor linking Bombay to Moscow, as well as the repercussions of the war in Ukraine on Russia's economic orientations. The Bombay-Moscow corridor is an infrastructure project that dates back several years. It has recently been revitalized and is becoming a central element of the region's geo-economy. The corridor crosses the overland Silk Road linking China to Europe, and its development promises to boost trade and investment in the region. The importance of this corridor lies in the fact that it will enable countries such as Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan to export their products to the Middle East, India and even Europe via land routes. This will create new economic opportunities and foster significant growth in these countries. What's more, with a combined regional population of over 2 billion, the area's development potential could rival China's rise to prominence in recent decades. The war in Ukraine has forced Russia to redirect its exports eastwards and southwards, bringing about significant changes in trade flows and economic partnerships. In particular, Russia began selling a large proportion of its products to China in renminbi, the Chinese currency. This transition has strengthened economic ties between Russia and China, two major players in the region. It has also led to an increase in China's foreign exchange earnings, consolidating its position as a global economic power. At the same time, Russia has accumulated substantial foreign exchange reserves, which it now uses to import goods from China, replacing imports previously sourced from Europe. Taken together, these geo-economic developments represent a major shift in the world's geo-economy. The Indian Ocean, once considered a peripheral region, is becoming a central player in global economic growth. Growth rates in countries along the Bombay-Moscow corridor are experiencing unprecedented expansion, and are set to last for decades. While global economic growth was once centered on the Pacific Ocean, it is now more likely to be concentrated on the Indian Ocean. This region has become the new epicenter of trade and investment, with important consequences for international relations, business partnerships and geopolitical dynamics.

A strategic position The importance of the Indian Ocean lies in its strategic position, its wealth of natural resources, and its essential role in international trade. The Indian Ocean lies at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Australia, making it a strategic hub for global business. It is bordered by many countries, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, East Africa, Saudi Arabia and Australia. This strategic position makes it a focal point for the geopolitical interests of several world powers, including the USA, China, Russia, India and European countries. The Indian Ocean is rich in natural resources essential to the global economy. It is home to more than half of the world's hydrocarbon and uranium reserves. These resources are crucial for energy production, chemical manufacturing and transport propulsion. The region is also endowed with mineral resources such as diamonds, gold and natural gas. These resources are exploited in the coastal countries of the Indian Ocean, contributing to their economic development and regional influence. Last but not least, the Indian Ocean is one of the world's largest commercial maritime highways. Almost 30% of world trade passes through its waters, making it a vital transport route for the global economy. Shipping routes linking Europe and Asia pass through the Indian Ocean, enabling the transport of goods, raw materials and crude oil between producing regions and consumer markets. The Indian Ocean is home to some of the world's busiest shipping routes, such as the Strait of Malacca, the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and the Suez Canal, all of which are of crucial importance to international trade. Any disruption in these areas has major repercussions for the global economy.

For China, the Indian Ocean represents access to oil. China is actively seeking to strengthen its presence in this region because of its growing dependence on its maritime routes for imports of hydrocarbons and other essential raw materials. China is the world's largest importer of hydrocarbons, and a large proportion of these imports come from countries in the Persian Gulf and East Africa. To bring these vital resources to its shores, China depends mainly on the Strait of Malacca, one of the world's narrowest and most strategic shipping lanes. Some 80% of China's hydrocarbon imports pass through this strait. To protect its energy supply interests, China has invested heavily in the Indian Ocean. This includes ports, oil terminals, pipelines and transport infrastructure in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and even East Africa. The New Silk Road, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), seeks to link China to Europe by land and sea. China has also established maritime bases in the region, notably in Djibouti, where it has a military base. China's military presence in the Indian Ocean is raising concerns among its neighbors and rival Western powers, who are witnessing the extension of China's strategic influence in the region. China's expansion into the Indian Ocean is causing concern in India, which sees it as an intrusion into its traditional sphere of influence. The United States is also angered by this rise in Chinese power and what it portends for the global rebalancing of power.

India's response In response to China's rise to power in the Indian Ocean, India is strengthening its own presence in the region. India seeks to protect its national interests and maintain its influence in this vital geostrategic region. India has increased its military spending and modernized its armed forces to improve its ability to meet security challenges in the Indian Ocean. New Delhi has acquired state-of-the-art warships, submarines, fighter jets and other advanced military equipment. The aim is to deter potential threats and defend its maritime interests. India has sought to establish strategic military bases in the region to reinforce its maritime presence. For example, it has a military base in Andaman and Nicobar, in the Strait of Malacca, on a major transit route for world maritime trade. India is cooperating with friendly countries to gain access to military port facilities across the Indian Ocean, with the aim of extending its reach and intervention capability. Also to counter China's growing influence, India has sought to strengthen its alliances and partnerships with the USA, France and other Western powers, notably within the framework of the "Quad" (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue), which also includes Japan and Australia. This initiative aims, again and again, to counter China's hegemonic ambitions. India has launched several major infrastructure projects in the Indian Ocean region, including the Chabahar port project in Iran, located near the Strait of Hormuz. This port offers India direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. India is actively pursuing trade agreements with Indian Ocean countries to facilitate trade and stimulate economic growth. The India-ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Free Trade Agreement, for example, promotes trade between India and ASEAN member countries. India is also a member of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). New Delhi has strengthened its trade relations with South Africa, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the United Arab Emirates, among others. Bilateral economic partnerships enable India to diversify its sources of raw materials and export manufactured goods. India is also investing in the improvement and expansion of port infrastructures at Colombo in Sri Lanka, Duqm in Oman, and Chittagong in Bangladesh, which have become key milestones in India's strategy to strengthen its economic presence in the region.

Several countries in the Indian Ocean region are, however, in territorial dispute. The ongoing dispute between India and China over the Himalayan border has strategic implications, although not directly in the maritime region. Territorial claims in the South China Sea involve islands, atolls and maritime areas rich in natural resources, including oil and gas deposits, important fishing grounds, and strategic shipping routes. In response to Chinese expansionism in the South China Sea, many riparian countries have turned to partnerships with outside powers, notably the United States, to bolster their security and ability to resist Chinese pressure. Disputes in the South China Sea have raised concerns about freedom of navigation and respect for international law, in particular the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The United States has conducted freedom of navigation operations in the region to defend these principles. These actions are perceived as provocative by China. The South China Sea is a key passageway for global maritime trade, including a large proportion of Chinese imports and Asian exports. Tensions in this region are prompting China to seek alternative routes, including those across the Indian Ocean, to guarantee the continuity of its supplies of hydrocarbons and goods. The Indian Ocean is home to terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQPA) and Al-Shabaab in Somalia. These groups exploit the weaknesses of coastal states and take advantage of regional tensions to carry out terrorist operations. The fight against terrorism in the region is therefore a major concern for many players, who are conducting counter-terrorism operations in the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. The Indian Ocean has been the scene of maritime piracy, particularly in the Gulf of Aden. Somali pirates attacked commercial vessels. Although piracy has declined in recent years, it remains a potential challenge to the safety of ships and international trade in the region. Competition for control of major trade routes in the Indian Ocean is a major source of tension. The Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb and the Suez Canal are crucial passages for international trade, particularly for the supply of oil and goods. China, India, the United States and regional players could very well start a major conflict there in the next few weeks. https://www.amazon.fr/stores/author/B07BR6V6D9

#geopolitics #india #china #russia

[rentnhop]

Routes to Explore on a Rented Bike in Goa

How's it going, fellow ride enthusiasts? Looking to explore the bountiful natural beauty of Goa on two wheels? Well, you've come to the right place because I'm going to share my picks for the top 10 most scenic routes to cruise along on your Goa bike rental getaway.

As a frequent visitor to this slice of paradise on India's western coast, I've had the pleasure of experiencing Goa's endless charms by getting a bike on rent in Goa. 

Whether it's feel-good beach vibes, lush inland nature escapes, or offbeat hidden gems, Goa delivers plenty of open-road thrills. So gas up and get ready to soak up some vitamin sea and jungle, here are my must-ride scenic routes for your Goa bike trip you can fulfill on bike rental in Goa:

1. Baga to Anjuna - Ride up this stretch of north Goa's party coastline for peak hippie chic. Think trance music, beach shacks, and flea markets with the Arabian Sea as your constant companion.

2. Old Goa to Divar Island - Time travel through quaint Portuguese-era streets to catch the ferry to bird-filled Divar. Outdoor riverside cafes along the way beckon for a caffeine kick.

3. Agonda to Palolem - South Goa's most gorgeous beaches connected by 20km of palm-fringed coastal heaven. Watch dolphins play as you cruise by for ultimate tranquility.

4. Netravali to Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary - Discover Goa's wild side on this ride through dense woods and grasslands where King Cobras roam free.

5. Tambdi Surla Temple to Tilamol Waterfalls - History and nature combine on this inland route to 12th-century temple ruins and a hidden tumbling cascade.

6. Panjim to Old Goa - Ride by gorgeous Victorian homes and churches galore in Goa's delightful capital before reaching the UNESCO World Heritage site.

7. Vasco Da Gama to Bogmalo Beach - Pedal on smooth coastal roads from Goa's 

biggest port, watching navy ships and cargo boats, reach this pretty seaside village.

8. Patnem to Rajbag - Laidback beach vibes all around on this southern stretch linking hippie Patnem with its lively nightlife to quieter sands at Rajbag.

9. Socorro to Querim Beach - North Goa action with fort visits and ferry crossing to reach the secluded sands of Querim, popular for watersports.

10. Margao to Loutolim - Ride past colonial mansions, churches, and temples to sleepy Loutolim, beloved for its Portuguese heritage and cuisine.Whether you want to mix party vibes with nature immersion or add history and culture to beach hopping, Goa delivers epic bike adventures. And riding lets you take it all in at your own pace, on two scenic wheels. Just try not to stop for photos and snacks too often or you may never reach your destination. Let me know if you have any other must-ride routes to add to this Goa bike rental bucket list. 

#bike on rent in goa #bike rentlas in goa #two wheeler on rent in goa #bike hire in goa

[carbon-footprint-tips]

What is Carbon Footprint: Measurement & Reduction Strategies

In recent years, the phrase "What is carbon footprint?" has gained significant traction in the global discourse on sustainability and environmental responsibility. This comprehensive article aims to provide a deep dive into the concept of a carbon footprint, offering insights into its definition, the methodologies for its calculation, and the crucial strategies for effectively reducing it. What Is a Carbon Footprint? At its essence, a carbon footprint serves as a quantified measurement of the total greenhouse gas emissions, primarily in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents, linked to a specific entity, be it an individual, an organization, an event, or a product, across its entire lifecycle. These emissions emanate predominantly from activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, energy production, transportation, manufacturing processes, and more. The calculation of a carbon footprint enables us to comprehend the ecological repercussions of these actions. Calculating Your Carbon Footprint The precise determination of one's carbon footprint necessitates the consideration of a multitude of variables. Among these factors are personal choices regarding transportation, energy consumption patterns, waste management practices, and the environmental footprint associated with the products one consumes. Generally, carbon footprints are assessed over a year to account for seasonal variations in activities. The Significance of Understanding Your Carbon Footprint Understanding and reducing your carbon footprint are integral components of environmental stewardship and global sustainability. By comprehending the concept, calculating your own carbon footprint, and implementing reduction strategies, you contribute to the fight against climate change and the preservation of our planet for future generations. Strategies to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint Efforts to reduce your carbon footprint can take many forms: Enhance Energy Efficiency Improve the energy efficiency of your home by investing in better insulation, adopting energy-efficient appliances, and optimizing heating and cooling systems. Choose Sustainable Transportation Embrace eco-friendly transportation options such as public transit, carpooling, biking, or electric vehicles to reduce your carbon emissions during daily commutes. Practice Waste Reduction and Recycling Implement effective recycling practices and minimize waste by favoring products with minimal packaging and sustainable materials. Select Sustainable Products Prioritize purchasing products from companies that place sustainability and environmentally responsible practices at the forefront of their operations. Invest in Renewable Energy Consider installing solar panels on your property or switching to renewable energy sources to reduce your reliance on fossil fuels. Environmental Impact of Carbon Footprint Understanding the environmental impact of a carbon footprint is essential to grasp the significance of this metric. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), contribute to global warming and climate change. These emissions trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events. By quantifying your carbon footprint, you gain insight into your contribution to these environmental challenges. The carbon emissions associated with energy consumption, transportation, and daily activities all play a role in exacerbating climate change. Recognizing these connections underscores the need for sustainable practices and carbon footprint reduction. Carbon Footprint Reduction: A Global Imperative Reducing your carbon footprint is not merely a personal endeavor; it is a global imperative. The effects of climate change are far-reaching and impact ecosystems, economies, and societies worldwide. Coastal regions are vulnerable to rising sea levels, agriculture faces unpredictable weather patterns, and vulnerable populations are at greater risk from extreme weather events. Global efforts to combat climate change, such as the Paris Agreement, emphasize the importance of carbon footprint reduction at both individual and organizational levels. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to curb emissions and limit global temperature increases to a manageable level. Measuring Progress: Tracking Your Carbon Footprint Reduction As you embark on your journey to reduce your carbon footprint, it's crucial to measure your progress. Tracking changes in your emissions over time can help you assess the effectiveness of your sustainability efforts. Various online tools and carbon calculators are available to assist in this process. Setting reduction goals and monitoring your carbon footprint regularly can keep you motivated and accountable. It allows you to identify areas where further improvements can be made and provides a sense of accomplishment as you witness the positive impact of your actions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding and reducing your carbon footprint are integral components of environmental stewardship and global sustainability. By comprehending the concept, calculating your own carbon footprint, and implementing reduction strategies, you contribute to the fight against climate change and the preservation of our planet for future generations. As the world grapples with the challenges of a changing climate, your actions, no matter how small, can make a significant difference. By embracing sustainable practices and reducing your carbon footprint, you play a crucial role in creating a more environmentally responsible and resilient world. Scientific Sources: - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Read the full article