#farband | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

kvetchlandia · 5 years

Photo

Uncredited Photographer Two Unnamed Jewish Resistance Fighters Captured by the Nazis During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1943

Today marks to 76th Anniversary of the beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, during which several hundred young Jews who had spent the last three years of their lives locked in a walled in ghetto, starved, denied medical care, crammed into a tiny space, brutalized and witness to the murder of hundreds of thousands of comrades, friends, family and neighbors decided they’d had enough and went into armed revolt against the Nazi barbarians. The initial spark for the Uprising came when the Nazis tried to carry out a mass deportation of the remaining population of the Ghetto to the death camps on the eve of the Pesah holiday. The organized resistance in the Ghetto was made up of roughly 1,000 people, some 600 hundred of them in the leftist ŻOB (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa in Polish, ייִדישע קאַמף אָרגאַניזאַציע‎ Yidishe Kamf Organizatsie in Yiddish, or Jewish Combat Organization) and another 400 in the right wing ŻZW (Żydowski Związek Wojskowy in Polish, אידישע מיליטעריש פֿאַרבאַנד, Yidishe militerish farband in Yiddish-Jewish Military Union). Of the membership in the resistance, only around 400 were fighters, since that was all the weapons they had. The Jewish units were armed primarily with molotov cocktails and small arms smuggled to them by the general Polish resistance, especially the Communist Gwardia Ludowa (People’s Guard). According to Marek Edelman, the only one of the commanders of the left-wing ŻOB to survive the Uprising, the ŻOB had 220 fighters and each was armed with a handgun, grenades, and Molotov cocktails. His organization had three rifles in each area of the Ghetto, as well as two land mines and one submachine gun. As no commanders of the ŻZW survived, their weaponry is unknown, but is assumed to be similar. Needless to say, the fascists had over 2,000 healthy, well fed, well trained troops, armed with modern assault weaponry, artillery, armored vehicles, flame throwers as well as sub- and full machine guns to conduct their murderous assault, along with several hundred Polish police and a few Soviet defectors to back them up. Despite being heavily outnumbered and out armed, the Ghetto fighters managed to hold off the Nazi scum for almost a month, from April 19-May 13, before the Nazis burned the Ghetto to the ground, killing most of its remaining inhabitants and putting an end to the Uprising. The few survivors of the Resistance who escaped the Nazis fled to the forests, where they joined up with anti-fascist partisan bands to continue the fight against fascism. Many of those few survivors took part in the general Warsaw uprising against the Nazis a year later.

48 notes · View notes

bk000123-blog · 5 years

Text

Top Insurance Companies in USA

Who are the best disaster protection organizations? What is the best extra security arrangement?

These are two of the most every now and again posed inquiries with regards to buying disaster protection inclusion. Life coverage is significant money related to buy. With actually several extra security organizations out there viewing for your business, how would you realize you're picking the correct one?

It takes involvement and learning

The best extra security organization will be the one that will offer you the best disaster protection inclusion dependent on your wellbeing, way of life and general protection needs. So as to locate the ideal extra security inclusion, it frequently requires working with an accomplished and proficient life coverage operator that can help all the while.

Top Quote Life Insurance works with a few of the most prevalent and well-regarded disaster protection organizations in the U.S. We are always keeping awake to date with the most recent changes to guaranteeing specialties and qualities towards therapeutic issues just as the wide range of one of a kind inclusion choices, approach riders and changes to rates.

Top Insurance Companies in USA:

A Acuity Insurance Affirmative Insurance Aflac Allianz Life Allied Insurance Allstate Ambac American Association of Insurance Services American Automobile Association American Family Insurance American Fidelity Assurance American Modern Insurance Group American National Insurance Company American Share Insurance American Strategic Insurance Amerigroup Ameriprise Auto & Home Insurance Amica Mutual Insurance AmTrust Financial Services Arbella Insurance Group Armed Forces Insurance Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. AssuredPartners NL Asurion Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company Auto-Owners Insurance AXA Equitable Holdings B Bankers Life Beacon Health Options Berkshire Hathaway Berkshire Hathaway GUARD Insurance Companies Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts Blue Shield of California BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina Brighthouse Financial Brown & Brown Build America Mutual Burns & Wilcox C California Casualty California Earthquake Authority California Major Risk Medical Insurance Program CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield Central States Indemnity Chubb Limited Cincinnati Financial Citizens Insurance Citizens Property Insurance Corporation CNO Financial Group Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company Colonial Penn Columbia Insurance Group Commerce Insurance Group Commerce National Insurance Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company Compass Rose Benefits Group Consolidated Indemnity and Insurance Company CorVel Corporation Country-Wide Insurance Company Crawford & Company CSE Insurance Group CUNA Mutual Group D Denali Alaskan Insurance The Doctors Company E Erie Insurance Group Esurance Evergreen USA RRG F Farband Farmers Insurance Group Federal Housing Administration Federated Mutual Insurance Company Fidelity and Deposit Company Financial Guaranty Insurance Company Fireman's Fund Insurance Company First Colony Life Insurance Company First Command Financial Planning Fortress Re G GAINSCO GEHA GEICO Gen Re The General (insurance) General Casualty Insurance Genworth Financial GetInsured Global Commercial Credit Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company Grange Insurance Grinnell Mutual Guarantee Security Life Insurance Company Brotherhood Mutual Insurance Company GuideOne Insurance GuideWell Guy Carpenter H Hagerty Insurance Agency Hanover Insurance Harleysville Group Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co. Home State Life Insurance Company HomeInsurance.com I Infinity Property & Casualty Corporation Insurance Company of North America Insurance Services of America InsWeb International Workers Order Ironshore J Johnson & Higgins K K&K Insurance Kansas Bankers Surety Company Keenan & Associates Kentucky Employers' Mutual Insurance L L.A. Insurance The Leavitt Group LegalShield Lexington Insurance Company Liberty Mutual Life Care Funding Lincoln Income Life Insurance Company Lincoln National Corporation Lockton Companies LTC Financial Partners M Mapfre MAPFRE Insurance Markel Corporation Marsh & McLennan Companies Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company MBIA Merchants Insurance Group Mercury General MIB Group Missouri Employers Mutual Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation Munich Reinsurance America Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company Mutual of Omaha N National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies National General Insurance National Heritage Life Insurance Company National Indemnity Company NetQuote NJM Insurance Group Nodak Mutual Insurance Company Nonprofits Insurance Alliance North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company The Norton Agency O Odyssey Re OneBeacon Oregon Mutual Insurance P Pacific Life PEMCO Penn National Insurance Petplan Physicians Mutual Primerica ProAssurance Progressive Corporation ProSight Specialty Insurance Puerto Rico Automobile Accident Compensation Administration R R&R Insurance Services Reinsurance Group of America Reliance Insurance Company Reliance Partners Rising Medical Solutions Root Insurance Company RTW PlaceRite Alternative Return-To-Work S Safe Auto Insurance Company Safeco Safeway Insurance Group SECURA Insurance Selective Insurance Sentry Insurance Shoreline Managers Society Insurance Southern Aid and Insurance Company SquareTrade StanCorp Financial Group Standard Insurance Company State Accident Insurance Fund Stewart Information Services Corporation Symetra T Tokio Marine HCC Travel Guard The Travelers Companies Triple-S Management Corporation TriWest Healthcare Alliance Trupanion Tufts Health Plan U UniCare Uniformed Services Benefit Association United American Insurance Company United Investors Life Insurance Company UnitedHealth Group Unum Upland Mutual Insurance Company USF&G

1 note · View note

thevinylhub · 5 years

Video

Far - Water & Solutions •Released In ‘98• Glad it got a vinyl pressed in 2003 • discovered them early ‘00 • For lovers of Thursday and early Thrice • #vinyl • #vinyligclub • #vinylcommunity • #vinylcollectionpost • #vinylcollector • #vinylporn • #vinyljunkie • #vinylism • #vinyladdict • #vinylrecord • #vinylgram • #vinyllover • #TheVinylHub • #Far • #FarBand • #shaunlopez https://www.instagram.com/p/Bxw3SZGgN_Z/?igshid=1sx0f1nclqb1d

#vinyl #vinyligclub #vinylcommunity #vinylcollectionpost #vinylcollector #vinylporn #vinyljunkie #vinylism #vinyladdict #vinylrecord #vinylgram #vinyllover #thevinylhub #far #farband #shaunlopez

0 notes

stinkfoot · 6 years

Photo

Far - Water & Solutions #farband #jonahmatranga #shaunlopez #Deftones #altrock #alternative #uturnaudio #uturn #Vinyl #record #vinylrecord #vinylporn #vinylopedia #audiophile #lp #instavinyl #vinylgram #vinyloftheday #nowspinning #33rpm #onelovevinylcommunity #vinylcollectionpost #vinyligclub #vinyljunkie #vinyladdict

0 notes

berniesrevolution · 6 years

Photo

IN THESE TIMES

Dr. James Peter Warbasse opined in the journal Co-operation, “Once the people of New York City lived in their own houses, but those days have gone. … The houses are owned by landlords who conduct them, not for the purpose of domiciling the people in health and comfort, but for the single purpose of making money out of tenants.” That was in 1919.

A century later, things have gone from bad to worse. A quarter of U.S. households pay more than half their income in rent. In New York City, homelessness has hit record levels.

Most activists can reel off a list of demands to address the housing crisis: rent control, community land trusts, affordable housing development. But one of the most effective strategies has been forgotten. A century ago, the labor movement in New York City planned and executed a bluntly practical solution to the problem of housing: Build it.

Today, more than 100,000 New Yorkers live in apartments built by the labor movement between 1926 and 1974, mostly through an organization called the United Housing Foundation. Roughly 40,000 still-affordable cooperative housing units—Amalgamated Houses, Concourse Village and Co-op City in the Bronx; Penn South in the heart of Manhattan; 1199 Plaza in East Harlem; Rochdale Village and Electchester in Queens; Amalgamated Warbasse in Brooklyn—stand as monuments to what an organized working class can achieve. This housing provides a bulwark against gentrification and a blueprint for ending the housing crisis. Let’s look at how it all got started, how it came to an end and what it would take for labor to build again.

RADICAL BEGINNINGS

The story begins in 1916 in Brooklyn’s Sunset Park, where immigrant workers from Finland found themselves overcharged for subpar housing. Members of the Brooklyn Finnish Socialist Club figured out they could build higher quality housing for less than it would cost to rent from a landlord. Sixteen families came together to form the Finnish Home Building Association. Their first construction project was financed by equity contributions of $500 each from six families, “comrade loans” totaling $12,000 from neighborhood residents and a $25,000 bank loan.

The first building, named Alku (Finnish for “beginning”), was completed that year. Within a decade, there were almost 30 Finnish-owned co-op buildings in Sunset Park, with carrying costs (a monthly maintenance fee paid by each household) around half the rent of similar apartments in privately owned buildings. Members were forbidden from selling their units at a profit to ensure lasting affordability. In a pattern that would be repeated for decades to come, the housing co-ops became part of a local co-op ecosystem that included a restaurant, bakery and grocery store.

This model of affordable housing cooperative was so new that state law had no legal classification for it until the 1920s. Alku soon inspired a wave of limited-equity cooperative development by other radical worker organizations.

In 1925, a Yiddish Communist group called United Workers began planning a housing cooperative in the Bronx. They raised money through bond sales advertised in the radical Yiddish daily Morgen Freiheit (“Freedom Tomorrow”) and were able to buy an empty tract of land next to Bronx Park. Tenants were recruited from the general public. The United Workers Cooperative Colony, known as “The Coops” (rhymes with “soups”), opened in 1927 and rapidly added a second building for a total of 2,000 residents. The neo-Tudor garden apartment building, encircling a central courtyard, was an escape from the suffocating windowlessness of Lower East Side tenements—and it was affordable. It was as much a political project as an economic one, with a 20,000-volume library, regular cultural and political programming, and involvement in the broader community through a network of co-op businesses, political support for local tenants and workers, and attempts at racial integration.

The Coops inspired other Jewish left organizations to launch similar projects, turning the Bronx into a hub for experiments in working class cooperative housing. The Arbeiter Ring (Workmen’s Circle) launched Shalom Aleichem houses across the park, followed by the Farband Houses, built by the Yidisher Natsyonaler Arbeter Farband (Jewish National Workers Alliance). And soon, a more powerful backer would help the co-op movement scale up across the city: labor unions.

HOUSE OF LABOR

The bulk of the 40,000+ units of limited-equity cooperative housing sponsored by the labor movement in New York City originated with an immigrant garment worker-turned-union organizer named Abraham Kazan.

Kazan was a true believer. In the 1960s, after he had completed tens of thousands of units of housing, Gov. Nelson Rockefeller told him in passing he would have done well if he had gone into business. Kazan replied, “I am a cooperator, interested only in building the cooperative commonwealth.”

Kazan immigrated to the United States in 1904 at age 15 to escape anti-Semitism in the Ukraine, and was influenced by anarchist ideas and a stint on a proto-Kibbutz in New Jersey. After helping organize a small strike at his job as a garment worker, he eventually went on staff with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) and later the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. As a union staffer, he began promoting cooperatives. His first successful project was a consumer co-op business that provided 7,000 union members with sugar and matzo during World War I. He soon began dreaming of building housing.

Gathering rank-and-file garment workers and a handful of low-level union staffers, Kazan incorporated the group as “ACW Corporation,” using the union’s initials “to give the impression we had a Big Brother behind us in this effort”—though they lacked the union’s formal backing.

(A 1957 diagram shows how Amalgamated Houses and other cooperatives govern themselves: one member, one vote.)

It took the possibility of government support for Amalgamated to throw its weight behind co-operative housing. In 1926 New York state passed the Limited Dividend Housing Companies Law, granting condemnation rights and local tax abatements to housing companies that limited profits and restricted rents to affordable levels.

The ACW Corporation drew up plans to develop a 303-unit cooperative in the Bronx. It sold shares to future residents at $500 each (about three months’ pay for a union worker). The union-owned Amalgamated Bank agreed to loan each resident up to 50 percent of the cost of their equity stake, and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company provided a $1.2 million mortgage. The Jewish Daily Forward also helped secure financing and provided short-term loans to cover cost overruns.

Ground was broken Thanksgiving Day 1926, and the first residents moved in the following November. By early 1928, the Amalgamated Houses were fully occupied. The cooperators (as co-op residents were called) soon launched a cooperative grocery store, milk delivery service and even a bus service to bring workers to the subway. In the decades that followed, the housing cooperative grew to around 1,500 units. The Great Depression wiped out many New York City cooperatives, but Amalgamated cooperators’ willingness to help support their neighbors—combined with cagey negotiations with creditors—helped them survive the Great Depression. Kazan’s model worked.

Soon more unions followed.In 1949, IBEW Local 3 President Harry Van Arsdale Jr. began planning a cooperative housing development called Electchester in Queens. Union members provided the labor, some paid and some volunteer. Over 17 years, Electchester expanded to 38 buildings with around 2,500 units of housing. Van Arsdale himself lived there. It became a social and cultural hub for the Local, with a bowling alley, auditorium, movie theater, cocktail bar, coffee shop, shopping center, library and a host of clubs and social organizations.

To popularize cooperative development with other unions and carry out projects on a larger scale, Kazan created the United Housing Foundation (UHF) in 1951, a coalition of organizations and individuals that included 19 unions. UHF was to be funded by a modest 1 percent fee on the cost of building each development. To carry out the actual construction work, Kazan created a second organization to act as general contractor, Community Services Inc., which built the housing and provided technical assistance.

The housing units were open to any worker, union or not, so long as they were below a limit on income. Applicants had to show up and wait in line on the day applications were accepted.

As the postwar era progressed, the stars would align for an unprecedented expansion of labor’s cooperatives, boosted by mainstream political support. But the patronage of New York City’s political class came with strings attached.

HOME FRONT

“We have wiped out the sweatshop; we return to wipe out the slum,” intoned ILGWU President David Dubinsky at the groundbreaking ceremony of the East River Houses in 1953, funded in part by his union. The brand-new red- brick towers loomed above the dilapidated low-rise tenements of the Lower East Side. This was where the parents and grandparents of so many New York City unionists had toiled doing garment work. Dubinsky’s generation saw it as their duty to eradicate exploitation from the blocks where they grew up.

In returning to wipe out the slum, these prodigal sons found unlikely allies in New York’s ruling class. Slum clearance policies made land available, and in 1955, labor helped pass the Limited-Profit Housing Companies Act, better known as the Mitchell-Lama program. It provided low-interest mortgages and tax abatements for limited- equity cooperatives and affordable rentals. Over 100,000 units of housing would be built under the program. More than half were cooperatives, the majority of which were built by Kazan’s UHF.

Political support was forthcoming in part because labor’s cooperatives fit within the “urban renewal” paradigm charted out by men like Parks Commissioner Robert Moses. In the postwar era, political elites across the U.S. reconfigured cities to force new patterns of mass consumption (car and home ownership) and racial segregation. The federal government provided guarantees for home loans to whites, facilitating white flight. Awash with federal subsidies and tax breaks, Moses and others used their powers under “slum clearance” laws to bulldoze neighborhoods to build highways and high-rise housing. They created a racialized hierarchy of urban housing: public housing for the poor (mostly people of color), cooperative housing for middle-income workers (mostly white), and private-market luxury for the white ruling class.

(Continue Reading)

#politics #the left #in these times #organized labor #labor movement #worker cooperative #worker co-op #affordable housing #social housing #democratic socialism

77 notes · View notes