#jingpho

[christlivesinme-sanctified]

Praying for Kachin in India 🇮🇳 @unreached_peoples . . . #pray #intercession #prayers #praying #prayerchangesthings #prayerworks #prayerrequestsarewelcome #seekgodfirst #seekgoddaily #endtimes #rapture #raptureready #watchmen #Jesus #jesusiscoming #salvation #holyspirit #christianlife #christian #christiangirl #spiritualwarfare #unreachedpeople #unreachedpeoplegroups #unreached #kachin #India #nagalland #Buddhism #jingpho https://www.instagram.com/p/CinYV5dp0eI/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#pray #intercession #prayers #praying #prayerchangesthings #prayerworks #prayerrequestsarewelcome #seekgodfirst #seekgoddaily #endtimes #rapture #raptureready #watchmen #jesus #jesusiscoming #salvation #holyspirit #christianlife #christian #christiangirl #spiritualwarfare #unreachedpeople #unreachedpeoplegroups #unreached #kachin #india #nagalland #buddhism #jingpho

[gwendolynlerman]

Languages of the world

Jingpho (Jìngphòʔ gà/ဈိာင်ေဖါစ်)

Basic facts

Number of native speakers: 940,000

Recognized minority language: Myanmar

Also spoken: China, India

Script: Latin, 24 letters/Burmese, 37 letters

Grammatical cases: 8

Linguistic typology: agglutinative, SOV

Language family: Sino-Tibetan, Sal, Jingpho-Luish

Number of dialects: 3 main groups

History

19th century - Jingpho is first written

1965 - reform of the spelling system

Writing system and pronunciation

These are the letters that make up the Latin script: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y z ʔ.

These are the letters that make up the Burmese script: ဗ ပ ဖ မ ဝ ဒ တ ထ န ည စ ၡ ရ လ ယ ဇ သ ဆ ဈ ဂ က ခ င ဟ အ ိ ု ေ ေါ.

Jingpho has four tones in open syllables and two in closed ones.

Grammar

Nouns have two numbers (singular and plural) and eight cases (nominative, accusative, locative, allative, ablative, terminative, genitive, and comitative).

There are no articles. Noun complements precede nouns.

Verbs are conjugated for mood, aspect, voice, subject, and direct object.

Dialects

There are three main dialect groups: Northeastern, Northwestern, and Southern. Northeastern Jingpho includes Dingga, Duleng, Dingphan, Khakhu, Shang, and Tsasen. Northwestern Jingpho comprises Diyun, Numphuk, Tieng, and Turung. Southern dialects are Nkhum, Shadan, Gauri, Mengzhi, and Thingnai.

Differences between them can be mainly found in phonology and lexicon. Standard Jingpho is based on the Southern group.

#langblr #jingpho #lingblr

[yeli-renrong]

Here’s a take: we should replace ‘macrofamily’, ‘family’, and ‘subfamily’ with ‘order’, ‘family’, and ‘genus’.

Every conclusively demonstrated and reconstructed top-level ‘family’ would still be a family: Indo-European, Austronesian, etc. Then the lower-level generally-accepted nodes that are in common use would be genera: Balto-Slavic, Samoyedic, Micronesian, etc. Everything in between, like Malayo-Polynesian and Italo-Celtic, can be a subfamily.

(Maybe we should have another term for families minus their most divergent genera? We have those in at least Indo-European and Austronesian -- ‘Nuclear Indo-European’, i.e. everything but Anatolian and maybe Tocharian; and Malayo-Polynesian, i.e. the branch of Austronesian that spread outside Taiwan. But I’m not sure if that happens elsewhere.)

Then, above families -- the largest units amenable to thorough reconstruction -- you have orders. This would inevitably be a little qualitative, but Sino-Tibetan would be an order, since compared to most families it’s huge and highly eroded, and we can’t reconstruct it well yet. (AFAICT, ‘Proto-Sino-Tibetan’ is a Tibetic conlang where the gimmick is that you can sort of derive Old Burmese and Jingpho from it.) Also Indo-Uralic, Dene-Yeniseian, and so on.

#linguistics

[qhwans]

六 (Six)

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dljəkʷ (Coblin, 1986)

Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-ruk, *d-k-ruk, *d-kruk (Matisoff, STEDT); *d-ruk (Chou, 1972; Benedict, 1972); *d-ruk ⪤ d-k-rok (LaPolla, 1987)

Numeral: *d-(k-)ruk

Descendants：

•Old Chinese: 六 (*k.ruk (B-S), *rug (ZS), “six”)

•Middle Chinese: 六 /lɨuk/

•Modern Mandarin

-Beijing: 六 (liù, /li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/)

•Cantonese

-Guangzhou: 六 /lʊk̚²/

•Wu

-Shanghai: 六 /lʊ̆ʔ¹²/

•Min

-Min Dong (BUC): 六 (lĕ̤k)

-Min Nan

—Taiwan: 六 /lak̚⁵/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚⁵/ (literary)

•Himalayish

-Tibeto-Kanauri

—Bodic

——Tibetan

———Written Tibetan: དྲུག (drug, “six”)

•Tangut-Qiang

-Northern Tangut

—Tangut: 𗤁 (tśhjiw, /*t͡ɕʰɪw⁵⁵/, “six”)

-rGyalrongic

—Situ: (kə)tɽoʔk

•Jingpho-Asakian

-Jingpho

—Jingpho [Kachin]: kru (“six”)

•Lolo-Burmese-Naxi

-Lolo-Burmese

—Burmish

——Burmese: ခြောက် (hkrauk, /t͡ɕʰaʊʔ/, “six”)

—Loloish

——Northern Loloish

———Yi (Liangshan): ꃘ (fut, “six”)

•Karen: *khrowᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)

-Sgaw: ဃု (ghu, “six”)

#linguistics

[languagenerds-archive]

The Jingpo people (also known as Kachin, Jinghpaw, Jingpho, Singpho, Zaiwa, Tsaiva, Lechi, Theinbaw, Singfo, Chingpaw), of Northern Myanmar and parts of India and China have an intricate system of sending messages through collections of plants and objects. The system is most often used when courting. Couples leave little messages hidden in special places. The language is flexible and interpretive; couples may develop special symbols and apply new meanings to familiar symbols. 

1. A leaf with a needle and thread, roots, and sesame seeds means homesick. 2. Meat, charcoal, chili, grass, and fabric means that war has broken out and food and weapons are needed.

3. Grass and matches mean, “I will  burn the enemy’s house”.  4. A man’s first letter to the girl he loves: tobacco tied with a red thread, betel palm, and bamboo splits mean “I am fond of you”. Coins indicate that he has enough money to support her. 

*examples from the Kunming Nationality Museum 

#i have a lot more of these if anyone is interested i can send the photos #jingpo #kachin #china #floral language

[yeli-renrong]

Since the common origin of person agreement morphology among Gyalrongic, Dulong, and Kiranti is not controversial (28, 29), and since Kiranti is outside of the Tibeto-Dulong clade, phylogenetic inference supports the idea that the absence of person inflexion in Lolo-Burmese and Tibetan is due to a massive loss of morphology (7), a hypothesis also supported by potential traces of these inflexions in Tibetan (30). The proximity of a set of isolating (Lolo-Burmese) and polysynthetic (Japhug and Situ) languages in our results supports the idea that the rate of change of structural features can be much more volatile than that of basic vocabulary (31), and provides an additional example of abrupt loss of inflectional morphology, comparable to the case of Goemai in Chadic (32).

The methodology is Swadesh stuff, and since their results have Sino-Tibetan branching into two subfamilies, one with Jingpho-Bodo-Garo (‘Sal’) and Sinitic and one with everything else, it may not be necessary to reconstruct Rgyalrongic/Kiranti levels of morphology for PST proper, but it’s still interesting.

Here’s the tree they come up with:

So Tangut would be a highly eroded Rgyalrongic language! Well, we know it has cognates with Japhug but we don’t know if Qiangic is a clade, so why not. And I’m not sure what it means that the positioning of Old Burmese has less than 0.8 posterior probability and the positioning of Rangoon Burmese doesn’t.

#linguistics