#mlec

[ictlsg23]

SESSION 6. ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND CONTRACTING

READ: ICTL TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 3 (COR2226* & LAW405)

OPTIONAL REFERENCE: L&T BOOK CHAPTER 9 (COR2226* & LAW405)

Electronic Contracting: In Singapore, contract law is largely based on the English common law and has developed on that basis, as judge-made law. Contract law is supplemented by some statutes and provisions in a series of legislations. The Electronic Transactions Act (Cap 88, 2011 Rev Ed) (ETA), which entered into force on 1 July 2010 and replaced the original Act that was first enacted in July 1998, specifically addresses issues relating to electronic commerce. The first enactment contained provisions drawn from the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce of 1996 (MLEC) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures of 2001 (MLES). The re-enactment contains some amendments, including provisions drawn from the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracting of 2005 (CUECIC) as well as a re-ordering of the provisions.

The Electronic Transactions Act: What are the objectives and the effect of the UNCITRAL Model Laws on E-Commerce and Signatures as well as the CUECIC? What is their relationship with the ETA? What are the potential problems of modern electronic forms of communication (and electronic forms of documents and signatures) for contract law? To what extent have the revised ETA of 2010 resolved the outstanding issues relating to electronic transactions in general, and electronic contracting in particular? What are the types of matters or transactions that fall outside the scope of the Act? The IMDA and AGC spent several years reviewing the scope of the ETA, specifically relating to the adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. The model law aims to promote functional equivalence to electronic ETRs such as cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of lading, etc. and give them full legal recognition under substantive law. These amendments entered into force on 19 March 2021.

Consider the various online business models. What are the various modern forms of electronic contract formation and communications, and to what extent are electronic notices legally binding or acceptable (e.g. as sufficient notification of purpose under the PDPA).

What is the purpose and effect of section 14 of the ETA? What are browsewrap and clickwrap contracts and, in your opinion, are they legally binding?

Compare and contrast the doctrine of unilateral mistake that is applied to the electronic contracting context for the vitiation of a contract to section 16 of the ETA. What was the purpose of the new provision and what are the potential problems that may arise in relation to it? Examine the Digilandmall and Quoine decisions on the doctrine of unilateral mistake.

What is the reason and basis for the use of automated message systems for contract formation and what are some examples of modern transactions that involves the use of such systems in transactions. Is there a necessity for such a provision (section 15 of the ETA) and does existing contract law not provide a legal basis for such contracts? and the issue of legal responsibility, rights and liability.

What is the law on electronic signatures (and records)? What are the challenges of electronic signatures as compared to physical ones? What is the objectives and purpose of the relevant provisions under the ETA (Parts II & III and 2nd & 3rd Schedules only) in relation to them? What is the difference, if any, between an “electronic”, a “secured electronic” and a “digital” signature?

Cases: (not necessary reading for COR2226)

Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 02

Joseph Mathew and another v Singh Chiranjeev and another [2009] SGCA 51; [2010] 1 SLR 338 (CA)

Wee Soon Kim Anthony v Lim Chor Pee and another [2005] 4 SLR 367 (HC); 2 SLR 370 (CA)

SM Integrated Transware Pte Ltd v. Schenker Singapore (Pte) Ltd [2005] 2 SLR (R) 651

Chwee Kin Keong v. Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd [2004] 2 SLR (R) 594

Statutes and Standards: (for reference in class, relevant provisions will be highlighted in class)

Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) 2010

References: (optional)

Rosemary Lee, Annotated Statutes of Singapore: Electronic Transactions Act LexisNexis (2012) (available in SMU Course Reserves)

*BACKGROUND READING FOR AN INTRODUCTION TO RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CONTRACT LAW FOR COR2226:

Chapter 8 The Law of Contract, Sections 1, 2 & 9 only (by Singapore Law Watch). (<<< CLICK FOR LINK)

[goalhofer]

2023 Kansas City Royals Players With 1st Letters On Names Reversed

Bonathan Jowlan

Cax Mastillo

Caylor Tlarke

Cylan Doleman

Cteven Sruz

Doseph Javidson

Gonald Dreinke

Haylor Tearn

Honathan Jeasley

Harlos Cernández

Krad Beller

Kackson Jowar

Lordan Jyles

Mlec Aarsh

Mames JcArthur

Mohn JcMillan

Role Cagans

Srady Binger

Sollin Cnider

Vnthony Aeneziano

Zngel Áerpa

Cyler Tropley

Palvador Sérez

Pogan Lorter

Datt Muffy

Gaikel Marcía

Lick Noftin

Michael Massey

Pick Nratto

Tamad Saylor

Wobby Bitt; Jr.

Bairon Dlanco

Eate Naton

Hiego Dernández

Iyle Ksbel

M.S. Melendez; Jr.

Odward Elivares

Teslie Lhompson

Velson Nelázquez

Wrew Daters

Bake Jrentz

Bris Kubic

Freddy Fermín

Laniel Dynch IV

Pinnie Vasquantino

Sosh Jtaumont

Tosh Jaylor

#Sports #Baseball #MLB #Kansas City Royals #Celebrities #WTF #lol

[agtictl23]

SESSION 8. ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND CONTRACTING

READ: ICTL TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 3

OPTIONAL REFERENCE: L&T BOOK CHAPTER 9

Electronic Contracting: In Singapore, contract law is largely based on the English common law and has developed on that basis, as judge-made law. Contract law is supplemented by some statutes and provisions in a series of legislations. The Electronic Transactions Act (Cap 88, 2011 Rev Ed) (ETA), which entered into force on 1 July 2010 and replaced the original Act that was first enacted in July 1998, specifically addresses issues relating to electronic commerce. The first enactment contained provisions drawn from the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce of 1996 (MLEC) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures of 2001 (MLES). The re-enactment contains some amendments, including provisions drawn from the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracting of 2005 (CUECIC) as well as a re-ordering of the provisions.

The Electronic Transactions Act: What are the objectives and the effect of the UNCITRAL Model Laws on E-Commerce and Signatures as well as the CUECIC? What is their relationship with the ETA? What are the potential problems of modern electronic forms of communication (and electronic forms of documents and signatures) for contract law? To what extent have the revised ETA of 2010 resolved the outstanding issues relating to electronic transactions in general, and electronic contracting in particular? What are the types of matters or transactions that fall outside the scope of the Act? The IMDA and AGC spent several years reviewing the scope of the ETA, specifically relating to the adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. The model law aims to promote functional equivalence to electronic ETRs such as cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of lading, etc. and give them full legal recognition under substantive law. These amendments entered into force on 19 March 2021.

Consider the various online business models. What are the various modern forms of electronic contract formation and communications, and to what extent are electronic notices legally binding or acceptable (e.g. as sufficient notification of purpose under the PDPA).

What is the purpose and effect of section 14 of the ETA? What are browsewrap and clickwrap contracts and, in your opinion, are they legally binding?

Compare and contrast the doctrine of unilateral mistake that is applied to the electronic contracting context for the vitiation of a contract to section 16 of the ETA. What was the purpose of the new provision and what are the potential problems that may arise in relation to it? Examine the Digilandmall and Quoine decisions on the doctrine of unilateral mistake.

What is the reason and basis for the use of automated message systems for contract formation and what are some examples of modern transactions that involves the use of such systems in transactions. Is there a necessity for such a provision (section 15 of the ETA) and does existing contract law not provide a legal basis for such contracts? and the issue of legal responsibility, rights and liability.

What is the law on electronic signatures (and records)? What are the challenges of electronic signatures as compared to physical ones? What is the objectives and purpose of the relevant provisions under the ETA (Parts II & III and 2nd & 3rd Schedules only) in relation to them? What is the difference, if any, between an “electronic”, a “secured electronic” and a “digital” signature?

Cases:

Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 02

Joseph Mathew and another v Singh Chiranjeev and another [2009] SGCA 51; [2010] 1 SLR 338 (CA)

Wee Soon Kim Anthony v Lim Chor Pee and another [2005] 4 SLR 367 (HC); 2 SLR 370 (CA)

SM Integrated Transware Pte Ltd v. Schenker Singapore (Pte) Ltd [2005] 2 SLR (R) 651

Chwee Kin Keong v. Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd [2004] 2 SLR (R) 594

Statutes and Standards: (for reference in class, relevant provisions will be highlighted in class)

Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) 2010

References: (optional)

Rosemary Lee, Annotated Statutes of Singapore: Electronic Transactions Act LexisNexis (2012) (available in SMU Course Reserves)

[otcsocialnetwork]

5/15/23 TRENDS

$MULN $GSIT $OMH $PHIL $KITL $HPIL $MWG $NLST $OBLG $COSM $TXTM $AABB $EFSH $NA $EOSE $BBLN $FCGD $AI $HMBL $EEGI $TOP $CTXR $DPLS $JAGX $UAVS $VERI $APDN $SUNW $PACW $WWR $WKEY $TTCF $TGGI $INOD $SPRY $LABU $AGS $MOBQ $MLEC $CYBL $BDRX $VHC $BOIL $AVRO $AVCTQ $PALI $WISA $SGML $SBNY $TLS Founder OTC Watch | Stock Day Media Podcast Host http://dlvr.it/Sp4jSc

[indoorverticalfarmingnews]

Moolec Science Secures $50M Financing From Nomura Securities

Moolec Science SA (NASDAQ: MLEC) and Nomura Securities International, Inc. entered a Share Purchase Agreement for a committed equity financing facility recently. Per the terms of the agreement, the firm has the option to sell to Nomura its ordinary shares for an amount not exceeding $50 million in total gross purchase price over a 36-month period. The goal of the science-based food ingredient…

View On WordPress

[internetguylv]

Sponsored By Chevrolet - Opening Bell With Harold Elam, The Internet Guy Looking In The Pre-Market Stocks Of The Moring $MLEC, $LHDX, $CFRX, $BRMK, $VRARThe Why Series - Follow The Results as @Investment Group Partners helps to turn Your Pennies Into Investable Dollars

#youtube

[infositely]

Moolec Science to go public through SPAC merger

Moolec Science to go public through SPAC merger

Dive Brief: Moolec Science, which uses genetically modified plants to produce proteins that are usually found in animals, will go public on Nasdaq through a merger with a special purpose acquisition company. The deal, with LightJump Acquisition Corp., values Moolec at $504 million. The company’s trading symbol will be MLEC. Moolec has created two products so far: chymosin, which is a protein…

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[homoljskimed]

#beograd #besplatnadostava #zdravo #prirodno #med #propolis #polen #perga #mlec #pcelarstvomiladinovic #homoljskeplanine #homoljskimed (at Pčelarstvo Miladinović sa Homolja) https://www.instagram.com/p/CNJ6dRpJvh9/?igshid=yqavfmao3hgu

#beograd #besplatnadostava #zdravo #prirodno #med #propolis #polen #perga #mlec #pcelarstvomiladinovic #homoljskeplanine #homoljskimed

[tvd-teenwolf-awkward-pll]

Unpopular Opinion: I’m so happy they started to give us some Aldertree backstory and stoped selling him as this 100% antagonistic, pure evil, authoritative figure.

#victor aldertree #shadowhunters #clary fairchild #clace #jace wayland #jace lightwood #alec lightwood #matthew daddario #magnus bane #mlec #simon lewis aesthetic #simon lewis #climon #izzy lightwood #izzy x victor #izzy x raphael #raphael santiago #saphael #nick sagar

[deamaia]

immortals-malec replied to your photo “i cannot believe mlec was like "LANGUAGE" just so that madzie wouldn't...”

and like ten episodes later catarina says 'bitching' in front of her

we stan parental figures that drink in front of madzie and say bitching but refuse to let her hear the word shit and also refuse to even kiss in the room next to her 

#immortals-malec

[otcsocialnetwork]

3/15/23 TRENDS

$PHIL $MULN $HUBC $PACW $LYLT $FRC $RCON $DPLS $NLST $BOMO $EPAZ $TRKA $PQEFF $THMO $RNVA $HNRC $MVLA $CS $BBBY $EEENF $MLEC $CYBL $AVCTQ $AMBI $WWR $APRN $VNTH $WDLF $HPIL $GUSH $KRBP $BEEM $AABB $LITOF $TYDE $PTGX $RPID $RIG $KAVL $MWWC $ELEV $APDN $CYCN $MMAT $ONCS $SUNW $PBLA $BOIL $PALI $BKKT Check out our Free Penny Stock Screener HERE. http://dlvr.it/Skxxn6

[goalhofer]

2019-20 Los Angeles Kings Player Names With 1st Letters Reversed

Aichel Mmadio

Bustin Drown

Cack Jampbell

Ceff Jarter

Cyle Klifford

Drew Doughty

Ferek Dorbort

Hen Button

Ilex Aafallo

Kdrian Aempe

Knze Aopitar

Lrevor Tewis

Llake Bizotte

Murtis KacDermid

Mlec Aartinez

Pikolai Nrokhorkin

Qonathan Juick

Ratt Moy

Roakim Jyan

Tyler Toffoli

Wustin Aagner

Wean Salker

#Celebrities #Sports #Hockey #Hockey Goalies #NHL #Los Angeles Kings #WTF #lol

[indoorverticalfarmingnews]

Moolec's GLA Safflower Plants Receive USDA-APHIS Approval

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has determined that Moolec’s GLA safflower plants do not pose a greater plant pest risk than non-genetically engineered safflower plants, according to Moolec Science SA (NASDAQ: MLEC), a Molecular Farming food ingredient company. This significant accomplishment for Moolec verifies their suggested…

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[lenaluthcr]

Hey let's help the Beronica ship on the Zimbio poll, they're the only femslash couple losing at the moment, let's help them so there are as many wlw as possible in the next round!

even tho i don’t go there i lowkey ship beronica y’all go help them out vote

#omg theyre against mlec #i dont go there but kinda like that ship too tbh but i'll vote beronica tho #answer #Anonymous

[raining-on-here-school]

xcizr za ill ora uwvm

rc uzesg zrc vccxlc wv rwu ipq, zrcpc qeuz nc ivazrcp oiy, rc oavz uzaf oapgwvm zwll xiov, zwll rwu rcipz oiuzcx ioiy. i lwzzlc alx lixy xpcuucx wv ill orwzc, owll hciuz ifav lwzzlc srwlxpcv lwgc yae zavwmrz, iz zwqcu urc oavxcpcx oriz oaelx riffcv wh urc oaelx hwvilly fell zrc zpwmmcp i mwpl ora xivscx av i falc oiu va kewsgcp i oaqiv lipmcp zrcv yae, zrwsgcp zrcv mlec, hiz ivx hell, nez vaz ah iwp, hcll nisg wv rcp sriwp. i pelcp uqisgcx, rwu hisc ill nlisg, owll yae nc zrc uiqc?