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ucsdhealthsciences · 3 years

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Cannabis Use Disorder Rate Rose among Pregnant Women between 2001-2012

Study finds resulting adverse outcomes for infants: preterm births, low birth weight and small size

A study of almost 5 million live births in California by researchers at the Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science at University of California San Diego reports that babies born to mothers diagnosed with cannabis use disorder were more likely to experience negative health outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, than babies born to mothers without a cannabis use disorder diagnosis.

The findings are published online in the April 22, 2021 issue of the journal Addiction. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, part of the National Institutes of Health, funded the study.

Cannabis use disorder is a diagnostic term with specific criteria that defines continued cannabis use despite consequent, clinically significant impairments. The research team, led by first author Yuyan Shi, PhD, associate professor at the Wertheim School of Public Health, conducted a retrospective cohort study of 4.83 million mothers who delivered live, single births in California from 2001 to 2012.

They identified 20,237 women who were discharged after delivery with a diagnosis of cannabis use disorder. Not all people who use cannabis meet the criteria for cannabis use disorder. The study authors stated the actual incidence of cannabis use disorder is likely higher than reported numbers.

The researchers found that diagnoses of cannabis use disorder, based on medical records at time of delivery, rose from 2.8 to 6.9 per 1000 deliveries from 2002 to 2012. Compared to a matched control group of 40,474 mother-infant pairs, infants born to women with cannabis use disorder were more likely to be born preterm, have a low birth weight and be small for their gestational age — all factors that can require greater or more intense medical care or presage later health issues.

Additionally, researchers found that, though rare overall (less than 1 percent), the risk of infant mortality was greater for infants born to women with cannabis use disorder. These infants were 35 percent more likely to die within a year of birth than infants in the control group. Conversely, these infants were also less likely to be hospitalized within the first year of life than control group infants.

“Because we are looking only at medical records, there is a lot we don’t know about the mothers and infants in this study,” said first author Shi, “but our analysis supports the recommendation that health professionals screen for and address cannabis use disorders in their pregnant clients — to protect both their health and potentially the health of their infants.”

Currently, screening for cannabis use or related disorders is not standard practice during pregnancy health care, though marijuana is the illicit drug most commonly used by pregnant women, typically to self-treat depression, anxiety, stress, pain, nausea and vomiting, often during the first trimester. It is also not standard of care to provide counsel on the lack of safety data around cannabis use during pregnancy. Both strategies may be helpful, as well as encouraging patients to discontinue use of cannabis during pregnancy and while breastfeeding and referring to treatment when appropriate.

According to a 2018 published study, approximately 7 percent of pregnant women self-reported marijuana use, with rates as high as 10 percent among women ages 18 to 25. Rates based on urine toxicology were even higher, with 19 percent of pregnant women ages 18 to 25 screening positive for marijuana use.

Previous research has found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound in cannabis, can reach fetuses and infants through the placenta and breastmilk, respectively. THC disrupts the normal function of the endocannabinoid system, which has been shown to play a key role in pregnancy, including implantation of the embryo in the uterus and maintenance of the placenta.

#science #medicine #addiction #cannabis #pediatrics #pregnancy #obgyn #obstetrics #cannabis use disorder #public health #prenatal care #preterm birth #low birth weight #infant mortality #academic medicine #ucsd #uc san diego

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sciencebulletin · 5 years

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New catalyst outshines platinum for producing hydrogen

Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, packs a powerful punch. And because it contains no carbon, it produces only water when used as a fuel. But on Earth, hydrogen most often exists in combination with other elements, which means it needs to be extracted. To harness the clean power of hydrogen for energy applications and other uses, researchers are looking at affordable ways to produce and store hydrogen. New research from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) shows that a pairing of humble minerals outshines other precious metal materials when it comes to producing hydrogen. With collaborators from Oregon State University (OSU), the researchers tested a molybdenum-phosphide (MoP) catalyst with wastewater in a small reactor called a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Test results showed that MoP worked better than platinum, a precious and expensive metal typically used for its high catalytic performance. The MoP catalyst also produced hydrogen five times as fast as other non-platinum catalysts reported in related studies. But the real kicker? Their catalyst also worked well with seawater. "If you can produce hydrogen from seawater, the resource pool is pretty much unlimited," said Yuyan Shao, a material scientist at PNNL who led the catalyst research. Like seawater, the MoP catalyst material is widely available, and therefore, cheap. The catalyst also worked with wastewater, another ubiquitous resource. Details of the team's study appear in the journal ACS Catalysis. The findings stem from a three-year project funded by the Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Office. A better alternative One of the most common methods for producing hydrogen is a process called electrolysis. This process combines electricity with various chemicals, called electrolytes, and a solid catalyst material. The ensuing reaction produces hydrogen, but the entire process uses a lot of energy and costly resources like platinum. Fermentation using renewable sources or waste streams holds promise for affordable hydrogen production. But the fermentation process works slowly, yields are low, and the product stream requires expensive cleanup due to other byproducts from fermentation. In MECs, an electrical current is coupled with bacteria to decompose organics and make hydrogen. Unfortunately, the cells also use costly platinum for the reaction surface, and if non-platinum catalysts are used, hydrogen yields remain low. At OSU, researchers developed a hybrid MEC design in which fermentation and electrolysis take place in a single pot as opposed to separate steps, and the byproducts are directly consumed in the process. This integrated design increases productivity and lowers equipment costs. But with the high cost of platinum, the team needed a catalyst that could lower production costs to around two dollars per kilogram of hydrogen. Second-phase surprise Building on prior discoveries with the MoP catalyst, PNNL researchers investigated the catalyst for use in MECs. The research team started with the MoP combination because of its affinity for activating, or separating, water molecules. The catalyst is also tunable—the amount of each mineral can be adjusted. According to the team's hypothesis, this tuning would optimize the amount of hydrogen produced in a single reaction. They were partly right. Under a powerful microscope, they found that the catalyst assembled into a mixture of two distinct crystal phases—MoP and MoP2. The atomic structure for each phase was different, leading to different reactions. While MoP2 released hydrogen atoms from the water molecules, MoP converted the hydrogen atoms to hydrogen gas molecules. The two active sites boosted the overall reaction. "We did not expect the simultaneous formation of the two crystal phases," said Shao. "The two phases work way better than the single phase." The researchers ran their experiments under neutral pH conditions in both the hybrid cell at OSU using wastewater and in another reactor at PNNL using seawater, with consistent results. Shao said these findings give the researchers confidence that the method is sound, eliminates platinum and other byproducts, and holds great promise for advancing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Provided by: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory More information: Xiaohong Xie et al. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral pH Solutions: Dual-Phase Synergy. ACS Catalysis (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02609 Image Credit: CC0 Public Domain Read the full article

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seoulnationalhq · 5 years

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✧˖° is that zhoi jiegiong ( kyulkung ) & cho miyeon ? no, my apologies, that’s chen yuyan & park jiyoo, a star student here at seoul national ! they’d better check into their dorm in twelve hours, or someone might take their spot !

[ zhou jieqiong. female. she/her ] hey, it’s CHEN YUYAN, a student here at seoul national! i hear they’re majoring in JOURNALISM, and they’re TWENTY. apparently they’re living in RIVENDELL and they’re PRESIDENT OF THE DRAMA CLUB AND CO CAPTAIN OF THE DANCE TEAM. you should introduce yourself! though sometimes they can be SECRETIVE, once you get to know them, you’ll find that they’re very CONFIDENT. [ lily ]

[ cho miyeon. female. she/her. ] hey, it’s PARK JIYOO, a student here at seoul national! i hear they’re majoring in PSYCHOLOGY, and they’re TWENTY. apparently they’re living in FANGORN and they’re MEMBER OF THE BOOK CLUB. you should introduce yourself! though sometimes they can be SHY, once you get to know them, you’ll find that they’re very WARM HEARTED. [ lily ]

#accepted

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hundredyearavatar · 7 years

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Yang Yu-chi and the Yuyan Archers

It’s common for people to speculate on the origin of names in stories that borrow from real world cultures. I’ve found what I want to believe is the origin for the name of the Yuyan Archers.

Transliterated names are a pet peeve of mine. Guilty names in Avatar include Bhumi (”earth” in Sanskrit), Oyaji (”dad/old man” in Japanese), Piandao (a type of Chinese sword). I’d much rather phonetically consistent names than 2deep4me transliteration. In terms of the Yuyan Archers, it seems that the most accepted explanation is the transliteration of yuyan to “jade eye”, but we could just as easily accept “swift” or “prophecy”. Transliteration sucks.

In 2012 @atla-annotated proposed that the name might be a reference to an archery shop. If this were true it’d be cute, because maybe someone in the writing room had been there. But there’s still a more interesting explanation.

I prefer to think that the Yuyan Archers are related to Yang Yu, a legendary archer from the Warring States period (~400BCE) in China. I thought you might appreciates some excerpts from an 1893 paper by Professor James Legge. It’s my understanding that Yang Yu-chi’s story can be found in Tung Chau Lieh Kwo Chih or History of the various States or Kingdoms during the time of the Eastern Chau. Yang is introduced as an officer in an army who distinguishes himself with his extraordinary skill.

In the following story, P’an Tang is an archer who is jealous of Yang’s skill. After Yang demonstrates his accuracy by shooting three leaves from a hundred paces, P’an challenges Yang to shoot through “seven buff coats”.

The pile was suspended on the target, and P'an walked to his place the hundred paces off, took up his black carved bow, and laid on it an arrow with a wolf's tooth for a point. Standing steady and erect, with his left hand as if it were laid against mount T'ai, and his right as if it were supporting an infant, he sent the arrow forth. "A hit!" he cried, as the sound of its collision came from the target, and all shouted "A good arrow! A good arrow!" It had indeed gone through all the buff-coats to the target behind, and remained sticking firmly in it, like a nail driven through a board. The general's face wore on it the consciousness of his success, and he was telling the soldiers to take the pile with the arrow through it, and carry it through the camp as a sight, when they were stopped by Yang, who cried out, "Wait a little till I also shoot an arrow." "Yes," they all responded, "let us see the wonderful strength of Uncle Yang?" but he suddenly stopped short. "Why do you not shoot?" they asked; and he said, "To go through the buff-coats in the same way would be easy, but I have a method of sending his arrow away." With these words he fitted his arrow to the string, and sent it off, saying, as the bow twanged, "All right." Straight to the head of P'an's arrow his went, not a hairbreadth too high or too low, neither to the right nor to the left. Exactly on the end of that arrow it lighted, and drove it through the buff-coats and target on to the ground, taking itself the place which the other had occupied.

The spectators did not witness the feat without putting out their tongues. P'an Tang's jealousy was at last overcome; he acknowledged Yang's superiority, and said, "I have not your admirable hand!"

The following story is one that I’ve come across a few times in my search for stories of Yang. The main difference between Legge’s version and the others is that he doesn’t specify that the ape is a gibbon, which is an occult figure in Taoism. In other versions, Yang doesn’t kill the gibbon.

Once when the king, I suppose king Kung, was hunting on mount Ching, he came on an ape, which was very clever at catching the arrows discharged against it. Perched in a tree, which was surrounded by soldiers, several men deep, it caught all their arrows, until at last the king ordered Yang Yu-chi to be sent for. When the creature heard the name, it began to howl, and, immediately on our Archer's arrival, he sent an arrow to its heart.

Legge, J 1893, ‘The Late Appearance of Romances and Novels in the Literature of China; with the History of the Great Archer, Yang Yû-chî, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 799–822.

If its origin is in this archer, then it demonstrates that someone in the writing room was versed in ancient Chinese history. It gives me hope that the naming process wasn’t a bunch of people sitting around with Google Translate. The proof is that if you google “Yang Yu-chi” you’ll find virtually nothing. As far as I can tell, there is no English Wikipedia page for him. This guy isn’t a Cao Cao or a Nobunaga. He is, at least to the English world, an obscure historical character.

But I’m probably reading into it too much.

#Avatar The Last Airbender #yuyan archers #meta #book #china #chinese history

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bloodpotato8-blog · 6 years

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Phd in Accounting Concentration Naveen Jindal School of Management

PhD Management Science, Accounting Concentration

The PhD Accounting program is designed for students seeking training in the most advanced issues in accounting, both theoretical and applied. It is intended to prepare them primarily for tenure-track positions in research-oriented universities. The program requires hands-on training in accounting research, supported by work in the disciplines of economics, mathematics, psychology and statistics, culminating in a doctoral dissertation.

Program Contact

The PhD Accounting program prepares students for conducting independent research on topics concerning accounting and how accounting relates to economic and financial activities. We have a large group of research-active tenured and tenure-track faculty, who are available to help mentor and advise our students toward a successful completion of the program. We are constantly and actively searching for new faculty to expand our department in size and quality so that we can attract the best students from around the world.

Research Ranking

The PhD in Accounting concentration has the objective of training top quality doctoral students who are capable of producing high-caliber accounting research in reputable research universities. Our accounting faculty consists of seventeen outstanding tenure-track researchers engaged in producing cutting edge research in areas including corporate financial disclosures, analyst’s forecasts, relationship between accounting data and market price, executive compensation, corporate governance, and valuation of intangible assets and intangible capital.

Our faculty is highly visible in terms of their publications in the top-tier accounting journals and are ranked #12 worldwide based on articles published in the top three journals for accounting (Journal of Accounting and Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, and The Accounting Review). This ranking is based on the UTD Top 100 World Rankings of Business Schools, which is based on research contribution from 2013-2017. These rankings for the top fifteen schools are reproduced below:

Student Placements

We are committed to the success of our Accounting PhD students. Our aim is to place our doctoral students in quality research universities. With that objective in mind, the training in our program stresses the development of the necessary skills to carry out independent research. Towards this goal, the students will take several doctoral seminars, write summer papers and have an opportunity to work on collaborative research projects with faculty.

In the past ten years, about 30 students have graduated from our program. Below is the placement information of our doctoral graduates with tenure-track appointments.

Student Publications

Our doctoral graduates succeed in publishing in top quality academic journals. Below are examples of publications from our doctoral graduates.

Cao, Ying, Myers, Linda A., Tsang, Albert, and Yang, Yong George. “Management Forecast and Cost of Capital: International Evidence.” Review of Accounting Studies, 22, 2017

Franco, Francesca, Ittner, Christopher D., Urcan, Oktay. “Determinants and trading performance of equity deferrals by corporate outside directors.” Management Science, 63, 2017

Chen, Tai-Yuan, Zhang, Guochang, and Zhou, Yi. “Enforceability of non-compete covenants, discretionary investments, and financial reporting practices: Evidence from a natural experiment.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, forthcoming, 2017.

Bao, Dichu, Fung, Simon-Yu-Kit, and Su, Lixin Nancy. “Can shareholders be at rest after adopting clawback provisions? Evidence from stock price crash risk” Contemporary Accounting Research, forthcoming, 2017

Kim, Yongtae, Su, Lixin Nancy, and Zhu, Xindong. “Does the cessation of quarterly earnings guidance reduce investor short-termism?” Review of Accounting Studies, 22, 2017

Bushman, Robert M., Dai, Zhonglan, and Zhang, Weining. “Management Team Incentive: Dispersion and Firm Performance.” The Accounting Review, 91, 2016.

Guan, Yuyan, Su, Lixin Nancy, Wu, Donghui, and Yang, Zhifeng. “Do school ties between auditors and client executives influence audit outcomes?” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61, 2016

Ciftci, Mustafa, and Darrough, Masako. “Does the Riskiness of R&D Outweigh Its Benefits? A Private Lenders’ Perspective from the US.” Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 43, 2016

Ettredge, Michael, Huang, Ying, and Zhang, Weining. “Conservative reporting and securities class action lawsuits”. Accounting Horizons, 30, 2016

Franco, Francesca, Urcan, Oktay, Vasvari, Florin. “Corporate diversification and the cost of debt: The role of segment disclosures.” The Accounting Review, 91, 2016

Liu, Jing, Ohlson, James, and Zhang, Weining. “An Evaluation of Chinese Firms’ Profitability: 2005-2013.” Accounting Horizons, 29, 2015

Louis, Henock, Urcan, Oktay. “Agency conflicts, corporate payout policies, and direct benefits of conservative financial reporting to equity-holders.” Contemporary Accounting Research, 32, 2015

Chan, Lilian H., Chen, Kevin C. W., Chen, Tai-Yuan, and Yu, Yangxin. “Substitution between real and accrual-based earnings management after voluntary adoption of compensation clawback provisions” The Accounting Review, 90, 2015.

Chen, Long, Ng, Jeff, and Tsang, Albert. “The Effect of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on International Cross-listings” The Accounting Review, 2015

Guan, Yuyan, Wong, Franco M. H., and Zhang, Yue. 2015. “Analyst following along the supply chain.” Review of Accounting Studies, 20, 2015

Radhakrishnan, Suresh, Wang, Zheng, and Zhang, Yue. “Customers’ capital market information quality and suppliers’ performance.” Production and Operations Management, 23, 2015

Ali, Ashiq, Zhang, Weining, and Kong, Cheung, “Ceo tenure and earnings management,” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 59, 2015.

Muslu, Volkan, Radhakrishnan, Suresh, Subramanyam, K R, and Lim, Dongkuk, “Forward-looking md&a disclosures and the information environment,” Management Science, 61, 2015.

Cready, William, Kumas, Abdullah, and Subasi, Musa, “Are trade size-based inferences about traders reliable? Evidence from institutional earnings-related trading,” Journal of Accounting Research, 52, 2014.

Radhakrishnan, Suresh, Wang, Zheng, and Zhang, Yue, “Customers’ capital market information quality and suppliers’ performance,” Production and Operations Management, 23, 2014.

Banker, Rajiv, Darrough, Masako, Huang, Rong, and Phlen-Dujowich, Jose, “The relation between CEO compensation and past performance,” The Accounting Review, 88, 2013.

Chan, Lillian, Chen, Kevin, Chen, Tai-Yuan, and Shroff, Nemit, “The effects of firm-initiated clawback provisions on bank loan contracting,” Journal of Financial Economics, 110, 2013.

Etteredge, Michael, Huang, Ying, and Zhang, Weining, “Earnings restatements and differential timeliness of accounting conservatism,” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53, 2012.

Kumaraswamy, Arun, Mudambi, Ram, Saranga, Haritha, and Tripathy, Arindam, “Catch-up strategies in the Indian auto components industry: domestic firms responses to market liberalization,” Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 2012.

Tsang, Albert with D.S. Dhaliwal, Y.Yang, and S. Radhakrishnan “Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure” The Accounting Review 2012

Ciftci, Mustafa with W. Cready “Scale effects of R&D as reflected in earnings and returns” Journal of Accounting and Economics 2011

Huang, Rong with D.A. Cohen, M.N. Darrough and T. Zach “Warranty reserve: Contingent liability, information signal or earnings management tool?” The Accounting Review 2011

Huang, Rong with R. Banker and R. Natarajan “Equity incentives and long-term value created by SG&A expenditures” Contemporary Accounting Research 2011

Lin, Shu with M. Vargus, M. Pizzini and I. Bardhan “The role of the internal audit functions in the disclosure of material weaknesses” The Accounting Review 2011

Su, Lixin Nancy with J. Krishnan and Y. Zhang “Nonaudit services and earnings management in the pre-SOX and post-Sox Eras” Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 2011

Tsang, Albert with D.S. Dhaliwal, O.Z.Li and G.Y.Yang “Voluntary nonfinancial disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting” The Accounting Review 2011

Urcan, Oktay with L. Shivakumar, F.P. Vasvari and L. Zhang “The debt market relevance of management earnings forecasts: evidence from before and during the credit crisis” Review of Accounting Studies 2011

Hwang, Iny with T. Ahn and M. Kim “The impact of performance measure discriminability on rate incentives” The Accounting Review 2010

Mashruwala, Raj with D.A. Cohen and T. Zach “The use of advertising activities to meet earnings benchmarks: evidence from monthly data” Review of Accounting Studies 2010

Su, Lixin Nancy with S. Fung and X. Zhu “Price Divergence from fundamental value and the value relevance of accounting information” Contemporary Accounting Research 2010

Huang, Rong with R. Banker and R. Natarajan “Incentive contracting and value relevance of earnings and cash flows” Journal of Accounting Research 2009

Chen, Tai-Yuan with R. Banker and I. Bardhan “The role of manufacturing practices in mediating the impact of activity-based costing on plant performance” Accounting Organizations and Society 2008

Hwang, Iny with R. Banker “Importance of measures of past performance: Empirical evidence on quality of e-service providers” Contemporary Accounting Research 2008

Su, Lixin Nancy with G. Krishnan and B. Srinidhi “Inventory policy, Accruals quality and Information Risk” Review of Accounting Studies 2008

Chen, Tai-Yuan with A. Ali and S. Radhakrishnan “Corporate disclosures by family firms” Journal of Accounting and Economics 2007

Lin, Shu with I. Bardhan and V. Krishnan “Project performance and the enabling role of information technology: An exploratory study on the role of alignment” Manufacturing and Service Operations Management 2007

Lin, Shu with S. Mithas and I. Bardhan “Performance impacts of strategy information technology applications and business process outsourcing in U.S. manufacturing plants” Production and Operations Management 2007

Mashruwala, Raj with R. Banker “The moderating role of competition in the relationship between nonfinancial measures and future financial performance” Contemporary Accounting Research 2007

Tripathy, Arindam with N.K. Desai and G.J. Gerard “Internal audit sourcing arrangements and reliance by external auditors” Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 2007

Chen, Lei with R. Banker “Predicting earnings using a model based on cost variability and cost stickiness” The Accounting Review 2006

Hwang, Iny with S. Radhakrishnan and L. Su “Vendor certification and appraisal: Implications for supplier quality” Management Science 2006

Lin, Shu with H. Chang, R. Banker and I. Bardhan “Plant information systems, manufacturing capabilities, and plant performance” MIS Quarterly 2006

Su, Lixin Nancy with S. Radhakrishnan and I. Hwang “Vendor certification and appraisal: Implications for supplier quality” Management Science 2006

Admission Procedures

Students may enter the PhD Accounting program after previous graduate training or directly from undergraduate programs. Admission is based on grade-point average, GMAT* or GRE scores, letters of reference (minimum of three, with at least two from academic references), business and professional experience (if applicable), a written statement of personal objectives, and compatibility with faculty research activities.

* Although both GMAT and GRE scores are accepted, the GMAT is strongly preferred.

The Jindal School of Management starts making first-round PhD admission decisions on December 16; it is best to complete the entire application process no later than December 15. While applications will be accepted after that date, applying after December 15 may significantly lower your chance of acceptance. Application for admission can be made using the UT Dallas Graduate Application Web site.

Degree Requirements

Students must complete at least 75 semester hours of approved graduate work before a degree may be conferred. Credit may be granted for courses taken elsewhere.

Prerequisites

Calculus and statistics are prerequisites for the doctoral program – every admitted student is responsible for ensuring he/she has satisfied these prerequisite requirements before joining the program.

Master’s– write my paper for me

Students entering the program without a Master in Accounting or equivalent must complete a minimum of four courses in at least three areas typically required of Master in Accounting students to provide them with the knowledge required to be professional managers. In certain instances, a higher-level course may be substituted for an Master in Accounting-level course.

Research Methods Core

The Management Science PhD core curriculum consists of a minimum of 9 courses.

Please visit the Management Science Degree Plan page for core and secondary core course requirements.

Doctoral Seminars

Students are required to take at least six doctoral level seminars in accounting.

Other Courses

Students will be asked to take other advanced graduate-level courses in related fields such as economics, econometrics and finance at the discretion of the PhD adviser.

Research Papers

Students are expected to write a research paper under the supervision of or in collaboration with Jindal School of Management faculty in each of the first two summers of their work at UT Dallas. At least one of these two papers is expected to be of sufficient quality to merit publication in academic journals. Papers may be co-authored, and both papers are presented before the accounting area faculty.

Written and Oral Qualifying Examinations

At the end of the first year, all PhD students will be required to take a preliminary exam which will consist of 2 parts. The first part will be based on Advanced Managerial Economics (MECO 6345) and Statistics (MECO 7312). The second part of the exam will be based on the two accounting PhD seminars that the students take during their first year.

All PhD students will be required to work on a research paper during their first summer and another research paper during their second year. These two research papers will satisfy the qualifying exam requirement which must be passed before admission for candidacy for the doctorate degree.

PhD students must successfully complete the preliminary and qualifying examinations, respectively, to enter PhD candidacy. The area faculty will determine whether a student has successfully completed the exam requirements based on the student’s performance. Criteria to evaluate students may include results from the in-class written portion of the exams, quality of research papers and/or presentations, performance in special courses (e.g. seminar courses), satisfactory GPA as determined by area faculty, and other forms of assessment as required by the student’s area. An unsatisfactory performance in any one criteria for either the preliminary examination or the qualifying examination may result in dismissal from the program.

Dissertation

The dissertation is written under the direction of the dissertation committee. Twelve to 24 semester hours may be granted for the dissertation toward the minimum 75-hour requirement for the degree. At a time mutually agreeable to the candidate and the dissertation committee, the candidate must orally defend the dissertation to the committee.

Dissertation Proposal Defense

The Dissertation Proposal must be successfully defended at least one semester prior to the term of graduation. The requirements for the proposal defense should be discussed with the dissertation committee prior to scheduling the defense. Dissertation Proposal Defenses will be open to all faculty and PhD students of the Jindal School of Management.

The candidate must orally defend a dissertation proposal before starting the dissertation.

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sjohnson24 · 6 years

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Could Medical Marijuana Help in Opioid Crisis?

Medical Marijuana – Since California first took the leap in 1996, 30 more states and the District of Columbia have legalized the medical use of marijuana to treat pain.

Anecdotal and historical accounts of pot’s painkilling properties abound. But so far, scientific evidence that it works better than traditional painkillers is hard to come by.

Because the U.S. government classifies marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug with no medical use — like heroin and cocaine — funding for research is hard to get, scientists say. And as a 2015 article in the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports points out, high-quality clinical studies of pot’s effectiveness — randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled — are limited.

Dr. Jeffrey Chen wants to change that.

“The public consumption of cannabis has already far outpaced our scientific understanding,” said Chen, director of the Cannabis Research Initiative at the University of California, Los Angeles. “We really desperately need to catch up.”

To that end, the initiative, one of the first academic programs in the world dedicated to the study of cannabis, is hoping to conduct a high-quality study using opioid patients.

Edythe London, a distinguished professor of psychiatry and pharmacology at the UCLA school of medicine, said she has designed the study to test different combinations of THC, the principal psychoactive component of marijuana, and cannabidiol, an anti-inflammatory component that does not get the user “high.”

In a recent interview with NBC News, London said the study aims to find out which combination “produces the most good,” with the goal of reducing the test subjects’ pain and their use of opioids — not to mention stemming the national epidemic of opioid abuse.

Opioid overdoses killed a record 42,000 Americans in 2016, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although illegal drugs like illicitly manufactured fentanyl and heroin account for some of the deaths, 40 percent involved a prescription opioid, the CDC says.

Alex Jordan and Robby Pinnamaneni have suffered chronic pain since they were involved in serious car accidents, with broken bones and nerve damage. Morphine and oxycodone were available with the push of a button while they were hospitalized, they told NBC News, but they didn’t want to become opioid statistics.

Pinnamaneni said he refused a prescription for opioids, knowing that they are highly addictive. “I turned to cannabis in lieu of pills and I’ve never turned back,” he said. Jordan said she stopped taking opioid pain relievers while on bed rest at her family’s home because her hair and skin were becoming dry.

Both now work at Triple Seven, a marijuana dispensary in Los Angeles. Pinnamaneni said the average age of customers at some of their stores is 40 to 45. “I see families that come in together and shop for pain relief,” he said. “I think people are opening their eyes to the fact that this isn’t some evil drug.”

Some research has been encouraging. In one of two five-year studies published in April in the Journal of the American Medical Association’s JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers found that states with medical marijuana laws had about 6 percent fewer opioid prescriptions among Medicaid patients compared with states without such laws. The second study, which looked at Medicare Part D patients, found a drop of 8.5 percent in such prescriptions in the medical marijuana states.

But the study could not determine whether people in those states were switching from opioid prescriptions to medical marijuana use, so it’s unknown whether medical marijuana availability can help stem the opioid epidemic.

Yuyan Shi, a health policy analyst at the University of California, San Diego, who studies the health consequences of marijuana and opioid use, said medical marijuana has shown some promise in reducing opioid addiction and abuse, but without strong evidence that cannabis helps individual patients better than opioids do, is it is too early to draw conclusions. In an interview, she added that the study planned by the Cannabis Research Initiative is “much-needed research.”

Before that study can begin, however, the researchers need approval from the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration, along with funding. Chen said the initiative has received funds from the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, federal and state sources, and private donors.

The venture avoids conflicts of interests by following University of California policy, which prohibits donations for cannabis studies from those making a profit from cannabis, Chen said. Background checks are used to weed out those with a stake in the outcome.

“We’re not trying to do pro-cannabis research or anti-cannabis research,” Chen said. “We’re just trying to do good science.”

by Karin Roberts and Erika Edwards, NBCNews.com

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fitnesswomenshealth-blog · 6 years

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Amid opioid crisis, researchers aim to put medical marijuana to the test

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Amid opioid crisis, researchers aim to put medical marijuana to the test

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Considering the fact that California initially took the leap in 1996, 30 additional states and the District of Columbia have legalized the health care use of marijuana to address soreness.

Anecdotal and historical accounts of pot’s painkilling houses abound. But so considerably, scientific proof that it performs much better than common painkillers is really hard to come by.

Simply because the U.S. govt classifies cannabis as a Agenda 1 drug with no health care use — like heroin and cocaine — funding for study is really hard to get, experts say. And as a 2015 short article in the journal Recent Ache and Headache Reviews factors out, substantial-quality medical research of pot’s success — randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled — are constrained.

Dr. Jeffrey Chen would like to transform that.

“The general public usage of hashish has presently far outpaced our scientific being familiar with,” stated Chen, director of the Hashish Research Initiative at the University of California, Los Angeles. “We actually desperately will need to catch up.”

To that close, the initiative, one of the to start with tutorial courses in the entire world dedicated to the research of hashish, is hoping to perform a large-top quality study utilizing opioid sufferers.

Edythe London, a distinguished professor of psychiatry and pharmacology at the UCLA university of medicine, said she has created the examine to take a look at unique mixtures of THC, the principal psychoactive part of marijuana, and cannabidiol, an anti-inflammatory element that does not get the consumer “high.”

In a modern job interview with NBC News, London claimed the review aims to locate out which mix “produces the most excellent,” with the objective of decreasing the take a look at subjects’ ache and their use of opioids — not to mention stemming the nationwide epidemic of opioid abuse.

Opioid overdoses killed a history 42,000 Us citizens in 2016, in accordance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Even though unlawful medicine like illicitly created fentanyl and heroin account for some of the deaths, 40 % concerned a prescription opioid, the CDC states.

“We’re not hoping to do professional-cannabis analysis or anti-cannabis exploration. We’re just hoping to do very good science.”

Alex Jordan and Robby Pinnamaneni have endured serious agony because they had been involved in critical vehicle incidents, with broken bones and nerve injury. Morphine and oxycodone were being obtainable with the press of a button while they were being hospitalized, they informed NBC News, but they didn’t want to develop into opioid stats.

Pinnamaneni claimed he refused a prescription for opioids, being aware of that they are very addictive. “I turned to hashish in lieu of products and I have never ever turned back,” he mentioned. Jordan stated she stopped getting opioid ache relievers while on mattress relaxation at her family’s house since her hair and pores and skin were getting to be dry.

Each now do the job at Triple 7, a cannabis dispensary in Los Angeles. Pinnamaneni said the ordinary age of clients at some of their stores is 40 to 45. “I see families that come in collectively and store for soreness aid,” he claimed. “I consider persons are opening their eyes to the reality that this is not some evil drug.”

Some research has been encouraging. In a single of two five-yr reports posted in April in the Journal of the American Healthcare Association’s JAMA Interior Medication, researchers uncovered that states with professional medical marijuana legislation experienced about 6 percent much less opioid prescriptions among the Medicaid sufferers compared with states without the need of these kinds of rules. The next study, which seemed at Medicare Portion D clients, discovered a fall of 8.5 % in this sort of prescriptions in the healthcare cannabis states.

Alex Jordan was in a car or truck incident virtually seven several years back that left her with 13 broken bones, long-lasting nerve and muscle mass harm, and fibromyalgia. She went off treatment when recovering and says health care marijuana eases her discomfort.Courtesy of Alex Jordan

But the examine could not ascertain no matter if folks in those people states had been switching from opioid prescriptions to professional medical cannabis use, so it truly is mysterious irrespective of whether professional medical cannabis availability can support stem the opioid epidemic.

Yuyan Shi, a wellbeing plan analyst at the University of California, San Diego, who scientific tests the wellness consequences of cannabis and opioid use, claimed professional medical marijuana has shown some assure in decreasing opioid addiction and abuse, but without having robust evidence that hashish assists individual individuals better than opioids do, is it is also early to draw conclusions. In an job interview, she added that the study prepared by the Hashish Investigate Initiative is “much-necessary exploration.”

In advance of that examine can get started, however, the scientists want acceptance from the Foods and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration, together with funding. Chen reported the initiative has received funds from the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, federal and condition resources, and personal donors.

The enterprise avoids conflicts of pursuits by pursuing College of California policy, which prohibits donations for cannabis research from those people creating a revenue from hashish, Chen stated. Background checks are used to weed out those people with a stake in the consequence.

“We’re not making an attempt to do pro-hashish investigate or anti-hashish investigate,” Chen mentioned. “We’re just seeking to do fantastic science.”

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