Bushranger Blue
Photography Exhibition Review
Bushranger Blue | Rory King
M16 Artspace | 9 June to 2 July
Rory King is a Canberra-based artist, whose work sits between documentary practice and personal narrative fleshed out through visual discourse. He is interested in unseen personalities living on the fringes of society and the tensions between nostalgia, melancholia, and the sublime.
King received the…
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Queer Calendar 2023
We put together a calendar of key (mostly queer) dates at the start of the year to help us with scheduling - so I thought I’d share it around! Including pride and visibility days, some queer birthdays and anniversaries, and a few other bits and bobs. Click the links for more info - I dream one day of having a queer story for every day of the year!
This is obviously not an exhaustive list - if I’ve overlooked something important to you, feel free to add it in the reblogs!
January
3 - Bisexual American jazz-age heiress Henrietta Bingham born 1901
8 - Queer Australian bushranger Captain Moonlite born 1845; gay American art collector Ned Warren born 1860
11 - Pennsylvania celebrates Rosetta Tharpe Day in honour of bisexual musician Rosetta Tharpe
12 - Japanese lesbian author Nobuko Yoshiya born 1896
22 - Lunar New Year (Year of the Rabbit)
24 - Roman emperor Hadrian, famous for his relationship with Antinous, born 76CE; gay Prussian King Frederick the Great born 1712
27 - International Holocaust Remembrance Day
February
LGBT+ History Month (UK, Hungary)
Black History Month (USA and Canada)
1 - Feast of St Brigid, a saint especially important to Irish queer women
5 - Operation Soap, a police raid on gay bathhouses in Toronto, Canada, spurs massive protests, 1981
7 - National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (USA)
18 - US Black lesbian writer and activist Audre Lorde born 1934
12 - National Freedom to Marry Day (USA)
19-25 - Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week
March
Women’s History Month
1 - Black Women in Jazz and the Arts Day
8 - International Women’s Day
9 - Bi British writer David Garnett born 1892
12 - Bi Polish-Russian ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky born 1889 or 1890
13 March-15 April - Deaf History Month
14 - American lesbian bookseller and publisher Sylvia Beach born 1887
16 - French lesbian artist Rosa Bonheur born 1822
20 - Bi US musician Rosetta Tharpe born 1915
21 - World Poetry Day
24 - The Wachowski sisters’ cyberpunk trans allegory The Matrix premiers 1999
April
Jazz Appreciation Month
Black Women’s History Month
National Poetry Month (USA)
3 - British lesbian diarist Anne Lister born 1791
8 - Trans British racing driver and fighter pilot Roberta Cowell born 1918
9 - Bi Australia poet Lesbia Harford born 1891; Easter Sunday
10 - National Youth HIV & AIDS Awareness Day (USA)
14 - Day of Silence
15 - Queer Norwegian photographer and suffragist Marie Høeg born 1866
17 - Costa-Rican-Mexican lesbian singer Chavela Vargas born 1919
21-22 - Eid al-Fitr
25 - Gay English King Edward II born 1284
26 - Lesbian Day of Visibility; bi American blues singer Ma Rainey born 1886
29 - International Dance Day
30 - International Jazz Day
May
1 - Trans British doctor and Buddhist monk Michael Dillon born 1915
7 - International Family Equality Day
7 - Gay Russian composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky born 1840
15 - Australian drag road-trip comedy The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert premiers in 1994
17 - IDAHOBIT (International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia, Intersexism and Transphobia)
18 - International Museum Day
19 - Agender Pride Day
22 - US lesbian tailor and poet Charity Bryant born 1777
22 - Harvey Milk Day marks the birth of gay US politician Harvey Milk 1930
23 - Premier of Pride, telling the story of the 1980s British activist group Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners
24 - Pansexual and Panromantic Awareness and Visibility Day; Queer Chinese-Japanese spy Kawashima Yoshiko born 1907
26 - queer American astronaut Sally Ride born 1951
29 - Taiwanese lesbian writer Qiu Miaojin born 1969
June
Pride Month
Indigenous History Month (Canada)
3 - Bisexual American-French performer, activist and WWII spy Josephine Baker born 1906
5 - Queer Spanish playwright and poet Federico García Lorca born 1898; bi English economic John Maynard Keynes born 1883
8 - Mechanic and founder of Australia’s first all-female garage, Alice Anderson, born 1897
10 - Bisexual Israeli poet Yona Wallach born 1944
12 - Pulse Night of Remembrance, commemorating the 2012 shooting at the Pulse nightclub, Orlando
14 - Australian activists found the Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands in 2004
18 - Sally Ride becomes the first know queer woman in space
24 - The first Sydney Mardi Gras 1978
25 - The rainbow flag first flown as a queer symbol in 1978
28 - Stonewall Riots, 1969
28 June-2 July - Eid al-Adha
30 - Gay German-Israeli activist, WWII resistance member and Holocaust survivor Gad Beck born 1923
July
1 - Gay Dutch WWII resistance fighter Willem Arondeus killed - his last words were “Tell the people homosexuals are no cowards”
2-9 - NAIDOC Week (Australia) celebrating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture
6 - Bi Mexican artist Frida Kahlo born 1907
12 or 13 - Roman emperor Julius Caesar born c.100BCE
14 - International Non-Binary People’s Day
23 - Shelly Bauman, owner of Seattle gay club Shelly’s Leg, born 1947; American lesbian cetenarian Ruth Ellis born 1899; gay American professor, tattooist and sex researcher Sam Steward born 1909
25 - Italian-Australian trans man Harry Crawford born 1875
August
8 - International Cat Day
9 - Queer Finnish artist, author and creator of Moomins Tove Jansson born 1914
9 - International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
11 - Russian lesbian poet Sofya Parnok born 1885
12 - Queer American blues musician Gladys Bentley born 1907
13 - International Left-Handers Day
22 - Gay WWII Dutch resistance fight Willem Arondeus born 1894
24 - Trans American drag queen and activist Marsha P Johnson born 1945
26 - National Dog Day
30 - Bi British author Mary Shelley 1797
31 - Wear it Purple Day (Australia - queer youth awareness)
September
5 - Frontman of Queen Freddie Mercury born 1946
6 - Trans Scottish doctor and farmer Ewan Forbes born 1912
13 - 1990 documentary on New York’s ball culture Paris is Burning premiers
15-17 - Rosh Hashanah
16-23 - Bisexual Awareness Week
17 - Gay Prussian-American Inspector General of the US Army Baron von Steuben born 1730
23 - Celebrate Bisexuality Day
24 - Gay Australian artist William Dobell born 1889
30 - International Podcast Day
October
Black History Month (Europe)
4 - World Animal Day
5 - National Poetry Day (UK)
5 - Queer French diplomat and spy the Chevalière d’Éon born 1728
8 - International Lesbian Day
9 - Indigenous Peoples’ Day (USA)
11 - National Coming Out Day
16 - Irish writer Oscar Wilde born 1854
18 - International Pronouns Day
22-28 - Asexual Awareness Week
26 - Intersex Awareness Day
31 - American lesbian tailor Sylvia Drake born 1784
November
8 - Intersex Day of Remembrance
12 - Diwali; Queer Mexican nun Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz born c.1648
13-19 - Transgender Awareness Week
20 - Trans American writer, lawyer, activist and priest Pauli Murray born 1910; Transgender Day of Remembrance
27 - Antinous, lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian, born c.111; German lesbian drama Mädchen in Uniform premiers, 1931
29 - Queer American writer Louisa May Alcott born 1832
December
AIDS Awareness Month
1 - World AIDS Day
2 - International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
3 - International Day of Persons with Disabilities
8 - Pansexual Pride Day; queer Swedish monarch Christina of Sweden born 1626
10 - Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners host Pits and Perverts concern to raise mining for striking Welsh miners, 1984
14 - World Monkey Day
15 - Roman emperor Nero born 37CE
24 - American drag king and bouncer Stormé DeLarverie born 1920
25 - Christmas
29 - Trans American jazz musician Billy Tipton born 1914
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In fact, mounted police have a long history in Australia. They have certainly been used as a method of crowd control at countless demonstrations in living memory — from anti-war protests to pro-refugee rallies [...]. But the history of mounted police in Australia goes much deeper. [...]
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In early colonial Australia, horses were at a premium. In the 1790s, policing of convicts and bushrangers in the confined region of the Sydney basin was conducted on foot by night watchmen, constables and the colonial military. By 1801, the then Governor King formed a Body Guard of Light Horse for dispatching his messages [...] and as a useful personal escort. By 1816, at the height of the Sydney Wars of Aboriginal resistance, the numbers of horses in the colony had grown. Their importance as mounted reconnaissance and for use by messengers was critical to Governor Macquarie’s infamous campaign, which ended in the Appin Massacre of April 17, 1816. [...]
Along with firearms and disease, the horse was a key element in occupying Aboriginal land and controlling the largely convict workforce on the frontier. In the early 1820s, west of the Blue Mountains, the use of horses in the open terrain of the Bathurst Plains was critical in capturing escaped convicts [...].
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During the first Wiradjuri War of Resistance between 1822 and 1824, calls were made to the colonial authorities for the formation of a civilian “colonial cavalry” to assist the beleaguered and overstretched military forces. [...] It was hoped colonial farmers would be their own first line of defence [...]. Governor Brisbane wrote to London that in 1824 a mounted force was becoming “daily more essential [for the] vital interests of the of the Colony”. [...]
After possibly hundreds of Wiradjuri people had been massacred by heavily armed and mounted settlers, a “Horse Patrol” was created in 1825, which soon formally became the Mounted Police. [...]
By the 1830s, the force had proved useful as a highly mobile quasi-military unit in combating Aboriginal resistance as well as bushranging. As the colony continued to expand with an insatiable desire for running cattle and sheep on Aboriginal lands, three regional divisions were based at Bathurst, Goulburn and Maitland.
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After conflict between colonists and Gamilaraay warriors on the Liverpool Plains, commander Major Nunn led a Mounted Police detachment on a two-month campaign around the Gwydir and Namoi Rivers, resulting in the Waterloo Creek Massacre on January 26, 1838.
Armed colonists soon followed suit, ending in the Myall Creek Massacre in June that year, where colonists killed at least 28 Aboriginal people (possibly more). [...]
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From 1850, the colonial police force (and then from 1862, the NSW Police force) incorporated mounted police as mobile units in mostly remote locations.
But they also found them useful in urban areas, especially with growing numbers of strikes, political disturbances, protests and riots in the rapidly industrialising cities in the late 19th century.
The use of horses in crowd control has a long history in policing [...]. Among the other issues this presents, we might also consider horses’ long suffering histories of being placed in the front lines of conflict. Like the inexorable march of sheep and cattle [...], understanding the role of animals in colonisation and policing is crucial to a broader understanding of Australian history.
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Text by: Stephen Gapps and Mina Murray. “From colonial cavalry to mounted police: a short history of the Australian police horse.” The Conversation. 28 July 2021. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. The image is a screenshot of the headline as published at The Conversation.]
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A few more Aussie Pokemon to add to my collection!
Bliter: A cheery young pup, this cheeky little blighter loves digging anywhere and everywhere- blue heeler/Bluey inspired ("cheeky blighter" is often an affectionate term for a slightly naughty little kid)
Drover: Evolves from bliter. This Pokemon is very tough and a hard worker, very loyal to their trainer and protective of their fellow pokemon- based on red heelers and Aussie stockmen/cowboys (called drovers)
Wambi: These little guys may look cute and chubby, but they're surprisingly fast and built of solid muscle! Love to be thrown and kicked around by groups of roolenko- based on wombats and Aussie rules football and rugby balls
Roolenko: Extremely athletic and active Pokemon, who love to compete with one another and play games using wambi as balls- inspired by kangaroos and footy players (the name is inspired by the famous line "Jesaulenko you beauty!!" about a famous mark by player Alex Jesaulenko)
Tazzle: These Pokemon are notorious for their awful terrifying cries and intimidating teeth, but they are in fact quite cowardly and easily spooked. They like to steal, but if interrupted will scatter- inspired by Tassie devils and young vagabonds
Thylager: This Pokemon is ferocious and extremely proud. It is said that thylagers construct and reinforce their armor throughout their lives, slowly making them more complex and elaborate. The one with the best armour is the leader of the pack- based on thylacines (Tasmanian tigers) and the famous bushranger Ned Kelly and his gang
While these Pokemon aren't specifically designed to my personal tastes (I'm a quadruped fan, so if I was making Pokemon to suit my own preferences both drover and thylager would be four legged) these were all just ideas that I came up with brainstorming and thought were fun! Roolenko is kinda hideous but I could not resist giving him a classic mullet and mo combo and some footy shorts, and now I can't help but love him lol
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Events 6.28
1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
1495 – A French force heavily defeats a much larger Neapolitan and Spanish army at the battle of Seminara, leading to the creation of the Tercios by Gonzalo de Córdoba.
1519 – Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1575 – Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
1745 – A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition.
1778 – American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness.
1797 – French troops disembark in Corfu, beginning the French rule in the Ionian Islands.
1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
1838 – Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
1855 – Sigma Chi fraternity is founded in North America.
1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
1865 – The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
1870 – The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas).
1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan.
1881 – The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed.
1882 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
1895 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis’s claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent."
1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.
1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
1904 – The SS Norge runs aground on Hasselwood Rock in the North Atlantic 430 kilometres (270 mi) northwest of Ireland. More than 635 people die during the sinking.
1911 – The Nakhla meteorite, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, falls to Earth, landing in Egypt.
1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo; this is the casus belli of World War I.
1917 – World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers.
1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the Allies of World War I.
1921 – Serbian King Alexander I proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution.
1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.
1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies.
1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union after facing an ultimatum.
1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany starts its strategic summer offensive against the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after V-E Day.
1948 – Cold War: The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from the Cominform.
1948 – Boxer Dick Turpin beats Vince Hawkins at Villa Park in Birmingham to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era.
1950 – Korean War: Suspected communist sympathizers (between 60,000 and 200,000) are executed in the Bodo League massacre.
1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the Hangang Bridge in an attempt to slow North Korea's offensive. The city falls later that day.
1950 – Korean War: The Korean People's Army kills almost a thousand doctors, nurses, inpatient civilians and wounded soldiers in the Seoul National University Hospital massacre.
1956 – In Poznań, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe.
1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
1969 – Stonewall riots begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement.
1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.
1976 – The Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial.
1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke bars quota systems in college admissions.
1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republican Party.
1982 – Aeroflot Flight 8641 crashes in Mazyr, Belarus, killing 132 people.
1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bombed the Iranian town of Sardasht.
1989 – On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle.
1997 – Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear.
2001 – Slobodan Milošević is extradited to the ICTY in The Hague to stand trial.
2004 – Iraq War: Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation.
2009 – Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.
2016 – A terrorist attack in Turkey's Istanbul Atatürk Airport kills 42 people and injures more than 230 others.
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What is Hassans Walls All About? Lithgows shining location.
Hassans Walls Lookout is a must-visit destination for those seeking awe-inspiring views of the Blue Mountains region in New South Wales, Australia. As the highest lookout in the area, it offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, including the stunning valleys, canyons, and hills. Apart from its breathtaking views, Hassans Walls Lookout also boasts of a rich history and cultural significance that dates back to the Aboriginal and European eras. In this article, we will delve into all you need to know about Hassans Walls Lookout, including its history, location, accessibility, surrounding attractions, and activities. We will also provide essential tips for visiting the lookout, as well as nearby accommodations for your convenience.
Introduction to Hassans Walls Lookout
If you're looking for a stunning panoramic view of the Blue Mountains region, then Hassans Walls Lookout is the perfect destination for you. Located just a short drive from Lithgow in New South Wales, Hassans Walls Lookout offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape that will leave you in awe.
Overview of the article and what to expect
In this article, we'll take a closer look at Hassans Walls Lookout, exploring its history and significance, location and accessibility, as well as the stunning views that can be seen from this vantage point. So, let's begin our journey to one of the most awe-inspiring lookouts in the Blue Mountains region.
History and significance of the lookout
The Aboriginal and European history behind Hassans Walls Lookout
Hassans Walls Lookout has a rich history that dates back to the pre-colonial times of Australia. The local Wiradjuri people were the original inhabitants of the area and considered it a significant spiritual site. The name "Hassans Walls" comes from an Irish convict named James Hassan, who was granted land in the area in the early 1800s and used the site as a lookout for bushrangers and police.
Why Hassans Walls Lookout is significant to the region and its visitors
Today, Hassans Walls Lookout is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. The lookout offers a unique vantage point, providing visitors with stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The site is also significant for its historical and cultural significance, providing visitors with an opportunity to connect with the rich Aboriginal and European history of the region.
Location and accessibility of Hassans Walls Lookout
Where is Hassans Walls Lookout located?
Hassans Walls Lookout is located just outside of Lithgow, New South Wales, approximately a two-hour drive from Sydney. The lookout is situated on the western edge of the Blue Mountains region, offering views of the surrounding valleys and hills.
Directions to Hassans Walls Lookout
To get to Hassans Walls Lookout from Lithgow, take Hassans Walls Road north for approximately 1.5km, then turn right onto Hassans Walls Lookout Road. Follow this road for around 2km until you reach the lookout. The road to the lookout is sealed and suitable for both cars and buses.
Parking facilities
There is a large car park at the entrance to Hassans Walls Lookout, providing ample parking for visitors. The car park is free of charge and can accommodate both cars and buses.
The stunning views from the lookout
The breathtaking views from Hassans Walls Lookout
From the top of Hassans Walls Lookout, visitors can enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The lookout provides a bird's eye view of the valleys and hills of the Blue Mountains region, offering a unique perspective on the natural beauty of the area.
What you can see from the lookout
Some of the highlights of the view from Hassans Walls Lookout include the surrounding farmland, the town of Lithgow, and the impressive rock formations of the Blue Mountains. Visitors can also see the magnificent Mount Wilson and Mount Tomah in the distance, providing a glimpse of the stunning wilderness areas that lie beyond Hassans Walls Lookout.
Surrounding attractions and activities
Nearby attractions to visit after seeing the lookout
After visiting Hassans Walls Lookout, take a short drive to the charming town of Lithgow, where you can explore its historical sites, quaint shops, and cafes. Another popular nearby attraction is the Lithgow State Mine Heritage Park & Railway, where you can learn about the history of the area. For nature lovers, Lake Lyell is also a must-visit spot, where you can swim, fish, or relax by the water's edge.
Activities to do near Hassans Walls Lookout
Besides admiring the stunning views from the lookout, visitors can also enjoy hiking, mountain biking, or rock climbing in the surrounding Blue Mountains National Park. The Glow Worm Tunnel is another popular nearby attraction, where you can see thousands of glowing worms in the pitch-black tunnels. If you're feeling adventurous, go on a scenic helicopter tour or take a hot air balloon ride over the spectacular Blue Mountains.
Tips for visiting Hassans Walls Lookout
What to bring and wear
Make sure to wear comfortable shoes and dress in layers, as the weather can be unpredictable in the mountains. Bring plenty of water and snacks, as there are no facilities at the lookout. Don't forget your camera, as the views are truly breathtaking.
Best times to visit Hassans Walls Lookout
The lookout is open 24 hours a day, all year round, so you can visit anytime. However, to avoid the crowds and catch the sunrise or sunset over the mountains, it's best to visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
Things to keep in mind when visiting Hassans Walls Lookout
Be aware that the lookout can get crowded, especially during peak tourist season. Also, the road leading to the lookout is steep and narrow, so take caution while driving. Finally, be respectful of the wildlife and nature in the area, and make sure to take your trash with you when you leave.
Accommodations near Hassans Walls Lookout
Hotels and lodging options near Hassans Walls Lookout
There are several lodging options in the nearby town of Lithgow, including hotels, motels, and bed and breakfasts. Some popular choices include the Zig Zag Motel and the Lithgow Tourist and Van Park. For a more rustic experience, you can also rent a cabin or campground in the nearby national park.
Restaurants and dining spots near Hassans Walls Lookout
For a quick bite, there are several cafes and takeaway shops in Lithgow, such as Top Of The Town Bakery and Grazing Cafe. For a more formal dining experience, try the Tin Shed Restaurant or The Lolly Bug Cafe and Ice Creamery, which are both known for their delicious food and friendly service.
Conclusion and final thoughts on Hassans Walls Lookout
A summary of the article and what the reader can take away from it
Hassans Walls Lookout is a must-visit destination in the Blue Mountains, offering stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Visitors can also enjoy many other nearby attractions and activities, such as hiking, rock climbing, and exploring the charming town of Lithgow. Make sure to come prepared with comfortable clothing and plenty of water and snacks, and be respectful of the wildlife and nature in the area. If you're planning a trip to the Blue Mountains region, be sure to include Hassans Walls Lookout on your itinerary. With its stunning views, rich history, and accessibility, it's a unique destination that will leave you with lasting memories. Don't forget to check out the surrounding attractions and activities, and keep in mind our tips for visiting the lookout. We hope this article has provided you with all the information you need to enjoy your visit to Hassans Walls Lookout.
FAQs
What is the best time to visit Hassans Walls Lookout?
The best time to visit Hassans Walls Lookout is during the early morning or late afternoon, when the sun is not too harsh, and the lighting is perfect for photographs. It's also less crowded during these times, giving you more room to enjoy the view.
Is Hassans Walls Lookout wheelchair accessible?
Yes, Hassans Walls Lookout is wheelchair accessible, with a ramp leading to the viewing area. However, the surface may be uneven in some areas, so it's best to bring someone to assist you.
Are there any nearby accommodations to Hassans Walls Lookout?
Yes, there are several hotels and lodges within a short distance of Hassans Walls Lookout, ranging from budget-friendly to luxurious options. You can also find many restaurants and cafes nearby to satisfy your hunger cravings after visiting the lookout.
Can I bring my dog to Hassans Walls Lookout?
Yes, dogs on a leash are allowed at Hassans Walls Lookout. However, it's essential to clean up after your dog and dispose of any waste properly.
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aww this audiobook on captain moonlite is narrated by cute guy from blue water high
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10 Breath-taking Natural Phenomena Found in the Land Down Under
Nature has so much beauty to offer and that’s evidenced by the fact that when our country went under lockdown, the only thing filling people’s Instagram feed was the clear blue skies, the vibrant green trees and a series of animal appearances that would have been otherwise left unnoticed on any given day. Man has a deep relationship with nature and anything out of the ordinary strikes us. If a day with an AQI under 100 can fill us with such joy, can you imagine what would happen if you were to witness natural beauty in all its glory? If there’s one place on this planet that can boast for some of the best natural phenomena then it’s none other than Australia. Don’t believe us? Then continue reading:
1. Bioluminescent Plankton at Jervis Bay in NSW
I bet everyone reading this article would have come across pictures of shores with blue translucent light beaming on the surface. Well, at Jervis Bay, which is a mere 3 hours away from Sydney, this phenomenon becomes a reality. Due to a natural chemical reaction within plankton, the plankton become luminescent and emanate a blue glow. This unusual natural phenomenon, which can only be seen at night can happen at any time of the year but is more common in spring and summer months when the water is warmer.
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2. Min Min Lights, Outback Australia, Northern Territory
The easiest way to convince people that you saw a UFO or some supernatural phenomenon is by taking a picture of the Min Min Lights. These unexplained light phenomena literally will stalk you. Described by witnesses as floating, fast-moving balls of colour that glow in the night sky that stalk people, leaving some feeling confused and frightened, there is debate as to whether the Min Min Lights exist, or if they are simply an Aboriginal folktale that has been passed down for Generations. If you want to find out and investigate further, the only way to do this is by heading down under to outback Australia.
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3. Morning Glory Cloud, Burketown, Queensland
Wondering what Morning Glory clouds are? Well, think of contrails but make them big and close. Close enough to touch. And then multiply these in 2, 3, or even 4s! During September and October, the rare meteorological phenomenon referred to as the ‘Morning Glory Clouds’ roll across the Gulf and can be observed above the skies in Burketown. The cloud bank can be up to 1,000km long, 1-2km wide and can travel at speeds of up to 60km/hour. Although these clouds can be found in other parts of the world, Burketown is the only place where they appear frequently at set times of the year.
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4. Coral Spawning, The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Once a year, on cues from the lunar cycle and the water temperature, entire colonies of coral reefs simultaneously release their tiny eggs and sperm, called gametes, into the ocean. Known as Coral spawning, this phenomenon creates an underwater blizzard with billions of colorful flakes cascading in white, yellow, red, and orange. An extremely crucial process in fertilisation, this lasts only a few nights, but travellers can take a night time coral spawning dive trip or join an overnight vessel during the coral spawning dates for another chance to view this weird and wonderful sight
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5. Cuttlefish Annual Aggregation, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
Australia is the only place in the world where a mass of beautifully colored cuttlefish come together to migrate to the waters of the upper Spencer Gulf to breed. This annual migration, which takes place predictably every winter, is a sight to behold for every scuba enthusiast. Travelers can snorkel with the amazing giant cuttlefish at Stony Point between June and July, located on the coastline of the Upper Spencer Gulf Marine Park in the Eyre Peninsula.
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6. Australia’s Pink Lakes, South Australia, and Western Australia
Another Insta-worthy phenomenon, Australia is home to several pink lakes. From the outback of South Australia to the coast of Western Australia, few things are as beautiful and baffling as Australia’s pink lakes. Most of these stand-alone lakes get their vibrant hues due to the high concentration of salt in them.
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7. Aurora Australis, Tasmania
Much like the Northern Lights, the Southern light illuminates the Aussie sky in colors of green, blue, red, and even pink. The Southern Lights can be viewed all year round – although most commonly during winter, May to August, and during the spring equinox in September. You can head to Bruny Island, Satellite Island, Bathurst Harbour, and Cradle Mountain for the beautiful natural light show.
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8. The World’s Largest Dinosaur Footprints, Broome, Western Australia
It’s hard to imagine a world where dinosaurs roamed freely along with man. But if there’s one place where this becomes a reality it is in Broome, Western Australia. At 1.7-metres long, the fossilized dinosaur footprints here are 130 million years old and extend in patches for 80km along the coast. At the southern end of Cable Beach is Gantheaume Point, a scenic area of red sandstone cliffs where visitors can observe footprints of dinosaurs located on the flat rocks 30 meters out to sea and are only visible at low tide. This phenomenon is definitely for the bucket list.
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9. Horizontal Falls, Western Australia
One of the most fascinating natural phenomena on this list is Horizontal Falls, which can be found in Talbot Bay in the Buccaneer Archipelago. The first fall is about 20-meters wide, while the second is about 10-meters wide. The powerful tides in the Kimberley can reach more than 10-metres and the direction of the flow reverses ensuring the water flows two different ways each day, and a unique waterfall effect. A scenic flight or a sea safari is the best way to explore the Horizontal Waterfalls.
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10. Red Crab Migration, Christmas Island
Walk the red crab carpet on Christmas Island, off the far north-west coast of Australia. The island is home to an estimated 40-50 million bright red land crabs. Each year, at the start of the wet season (November - January), a spectacular awakening occurs. Mother Nature rolls out the red carpet as hordes of crabs emerge from the island’s forests and march their way down to the ocean to breed.
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Head over to the Land down under and experience these incredible experiences. If you need help planning your trip to Australia, check out these super helpful resources.
This content was produced in partnership with Tourism Australia.
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An Alien and a Shrub
Joey ran a finger over the burn that now covered most of their face. They'd betrayed their entire species for Doctor Slone, and this is how she repayed them? The searing pain made it hard to think, and they stumbled to the farthest reaches of the island they could. The pain had blinded one of their eyes, making it hard for them to see. The fished one of the eyepatches they used for their disguises from inside their outfit, affixing it over their bad eye. Something green was in the ocean.
The green thing approached. Joey was taken aback, as it was a bush. A humanoid tree with burnt leaves and scorched bark. Steam still rose up. The bush approached Joey, who backed up. The bush pointed at them, a scowl twisting the wooden face. "Alienbad aliencruel!" Joey put their hands up. "I'm not going to hurt you. I tried to help Slone, but she left me to die. Judging by your state, I'm inclined to say something similar about yourself." The shrubbery pointed to himself. "Bushranger." Bushranger tilted his leafy head, fishing medicine from a pocket in the rock wall. "Burn bad. Need heal." Joey accepted it gratefully, thanking Bushranger and applying the medicine to their face.
Joey sat down on the sand, resting their back against the cool stone. They closed their eyes, hearing Bushranger sit beside them. "Slone bad Slone cruel. Bushie help, left to burn." Joey nodded, wincing as the movement made their burn ache. They shifted forward, taking a drink of the salty water before them. They opened their eyes, taking a glance at their own reflection. A messy bandaging covered their face. Blue slurp was visible between the white cloth. They'd taken off their eyepatch, and could see glimpses of their burned eye. Pale blood was also slightly visible. They turned to face Bushranger, pulling a weapon from the inside of their suit. "We need gain revenge against Slone. What do you say." Bushranger nods. "Bushie agrees." The two began to confer, pressing firm against the rocks to avoid being seen.
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So tell me: What is there to do in Australia?
I’ve never been, but have always wanted to go there.
Oh! Really?? Well we’d be happy to have you!!
Hmmm, lemme try to do this without triangulating my location, haha XDD
Okay, so, I’ve been to Queensland, Victoria and NSW- the rest of the country is a complete mystery to me XD Also, I think most of it is desert and, like, 3 people plus an echidna anyway so that’s okay! Haha.
I’m no tour guide, and my family always stuck to camping out in the bush when we were vacationing so I know next to nothing about mainstream Australia hah XD *Sweat drop*. Of course, I recommend the obvious ones- the Sydney Opera House, Sea World and Movie World in Queensland, Luna Park either in Sydney or Melbourne, Q1, Australia Zoo (Fun Fact: My family visited there THE DAY that Steve Irwin died. ... yeah. Not so fun, but there you go. Scary coincidence that plagues me everyday that I live in a world without that man), Uluru, The Great Ocean Road and the Great Barrier Reef, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Melbourne for a culture boost, etc. I would also list the Blue Mountains but all our mountains basically look the same, so. And I’m not even gonna attempt to list any beaches cuz, well you’ll find plenty on your journey and they’re all basically the same. Not to say they aren't great though! I’ve grown up around beaches and they’re beautiful ^^ I could stand with my feet buried under water and sand for hours, in cold or hot weather and its always nice.
If you like more populated, normal society kinda areas, those are the places ^^ Lost of shopping, cultural enlightenment and beaches.
Now, stuff I know XD CAMPING, ROADTRIPS AND SMALL TOWNS. Okay okay okay, XD Its been forever since I’ve camped but as soon as I rope a friend who can drive in, I’m going. I love the bush, and I think everyone who likes fresh air, and wild life, and nature will too of course (And, I know people worry about this so just saying- I used to camp all the time and I’ve only come upon one snake. No sweat. You’re far more likely to get attacked by a giant freaken kangaroo or pecked by an emu then bitten by a snake or spider. My Dad made up this campfire horror story about the ‘Ghost Kangaroo’ that makes a ‘Shhh-THUMP’ sound because it had to replace one of its legs with a mop, and THAT scared us more then the possibility of a snake).
I bet you’ve heard of the Big Apple... but have you heard of the Big Pineapple? Probably not. Well its a thing we have in Woombye, Queensland and its just pineapple building thing that you can go inside, but is a fun touristy thing to do XD I think its reopening? Or its been reopened? I dunno.
My BIGGEST recommendation is Beechworth. This is a town in Victoria that is Ned Kelly crazy. My mum’ll deny it now but honestly I think she had a bit of obsession with the famous Bushranger when I was little but she totally was. He kinda dominates my childhood memories. Documentaries, the Old Melbourne Jail where he was hung, his armour... and this town. This is where he was caught with Harry Power and there’s a whole walk you can go on that follows his run from the police, including a little statue of him shot and all (This tour is one of the most memorable tours I’ve ever been on. Right next the one I went on with a bunch of other kids where they taught us how to identify animal poop). There's also a museum, of course (If you want to see his famous tin can armour, though, you’ll have to visit the State Library in Melbourne), the Beechworth Gaol, and giant motherfucking statue of the guy. Yeah... as a country we tend to romanticise him a bit. I even have a picture of little me and my brother grinning ear to ear at his huge boots.
Beechworth also has the b e s t Bee Stings you’ll ever find, and a good Gold Rush tour.
OH MY GOD SPEAKING OF THE GOLD RUSH. You MUST visit Sovereign Hill in Ballarat. Omg, I love that place so much. Its basically this town full of paid roll players like Disney Land where you can pretend you’re in the Gold Rush times and explore all the old fashioned shops and buildings (The Dentist is nightmare fuel), get dressed up in old fashioned clothes and get your picture taken, have high tea or, you know, pan for gold at the lake. I’ve been picked on by a roll players (A policeman. Both times.) both times I’ve been but its easy to avoid them if you aren't comfortable with that kinda thing ^^
Also- Food! Another recommendation for if you go to Australia? Go to a Bunnings if you’re hungry. They’ll likely have a sausage sizzle going and you can get a cheap, delicious lunch!! Plus the proceeds are usually for a charity, which is always good. I love sausage sizzles so much, haha XD
Oh, if you aren't in to camping out in the bush, or at all, then I toooootally recommend any Big 4 holiday park you find. They always have giant pillows (The trampoline things, not the bedding XD) and- come on. How can you say no to that? Haha.
Aussie movies to watch: Kangaroo Jack, Red Dog (Muahaha), Rogue, Crocodile Dundee and Nim’s Island.
We call our Prime Minister (Scott Morrison) ‘ScoMo’.
Enjoy the fun facts written on pad wrappers! (If you get periods, or your have a friend who gets periods)
And uhhhh... I think that’s all I can think of? XD Thanks for allowing me to rattle on about home! ^^
Parting advice: DO NOT besmirch milo. You’ll promptly be fed to the dingo’s, and there is nothing I can do to save you.
Also don’t talk shit about vegemite either, but that's mostly because you’ll be branded as an out-of-nation-er (?? Pft, haha) for the rest of your trip. Its hard to come back from that XD
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Puppet: I don't get why people need drivers’ training. Driving is just like Mario Kart, except slower, and you can't throw blue shells at people.
Bushranger: Please never drive.
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Keys to her heart! Cause I love it so much and was the first fic where I fell in love with your writing 😭
Ah, Keys to Her Heart. I actually miss this one so much! Truly.
If you’ve read the author’s notes on the first chapter, you’ll know that this is a rewrite of a modern romance I was writing many years ago, hoping to get published. The plot was very simple - Natsu’s character was originally a psychologist, and Lucy’s a historian, wanting to write a book on her personal family history, which included a mysterious bushranger. Natsu is drawn to her, but hesitant to get involved because he recognises how hurt she has been in the past, and he’s not sure if that’s the psychologist in him wanting to help, or an emotional connection that will lead to more. There were very few changes made to the first chapter, apart from names and setting up Natsu a firefighter instead, which seemed to fit his personality much better.
There was going to be a ghostly element to it, with time flashbacks to a parallel romance that had occurred in the same cottage with Lucy’s ancestor.
We’ve left that plot way behind! It’s only going to get more convoluted, as Lucy finds out where her true talents lie, and Natsu is there to be her rock and supporter.
Every time I go to visit my parents in the Blue Mountains, where the book is set, I want to write more. Hoping to really get back into it in January!
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10 Interesting Australian Novels
The Secret River by Kate Grenville
“In 1806 William Thornhill, an illiterate English bargeman and a man of quick temper but deep compassion, steals a load of wood and, as a part of his lenient sentence, is deported, along with his beloved wife, Sal, to the New South Wales colony in what would become Australia. The Secret River is the tale of William and Sal’s deep love for their small, exotic corner of the new world, and William’s gradual realization that if he wants to make a home for his family, he must forcibly take the land from the people who came before him.” (Amazon.com)
2. The Brush Off: A Murray Whelan Mystery by Shane Maloney
“Murray Whelan is the political advisor to the newly appointed minister of culture, Angelo (“Tell me, Murray, what are the Arts?”) Agnelli, and he’s hanging on to his job by his toenails. On his first day, the disgruntled young artist Marcus Taylor is found dead, drowned in the ornamental moat outside the National Gallery. The police rule it a suicide, or perhaps an accident, but Murray is not so sure. Besides, this ugly incident occurred on Agnelli’s watch, so the heat is on. A born detective despite himself, Murray digs, and the deeper he goes, the more puzzling the mystery becomes. Who is this other painter, Victor Szabo, also dead, unknown in his lifetime and now the darling of the art world, with works fetching crazy prices—funded in part by the government? And what about suave businessman and art maven Lloyd Eastlake, who is whispering financial sweet nothings in Angelo Agnelli’s ear?” (Amazon.com)
3. The Dragon Man (Inspector Challis Mysteries) by Garry Disher
“A serial killer is on the loose in a small coastal town near Melbourne. Detective Inspector Hal Challis and his team must apprehend him before he strikes again. But first Challis must contend with the editor of a local news-paper who undermines his investigation at every turn and with his wife, who is attempting to resurrect their marriage through long-distance phone calls from a sanitarium where she has been imprisoned for the past eight years for attempted murder.” (Amazon.com)
4. Tomorrow, When the War Began by John Marsden
“When Ellie and her friends go camping, they have no idea they're leaving their old lives behind forever. Despite a less-than-tragic food shortage and a secret crush or two, everything goes as planned. But a week later, they return home to find their houses empty and their pets starving. Something has gone wrong--horribly wrong. Before long, they realize the country has been invaded, and the entire town has been captured--including their families and all their friends.” (Amazon.com)
5. True History of the Kelly Gang by Peter Carey
“In True History of the Kelly Gang, the legendary Ned Kelly speaks for himself, scribbling his narrative on errant scraps of paper in semiliterate but magically descriptive prose as he flees from the police. To his pursuers, Kelly is nothing but a monstrous criminal, a thief and a murderer. To his own people, the lowly class of ordinary Australians, the bushranger is a hero, defying the authority of the English to direct their lives. Indentured by his bootlegger mother to a famous horse thief (who was also her lover), Ned saw his first prison cell at 15 and by the age of 26 had become the most wanted man in the wild colony of Victoria, taking over whole towns and defying the law until he was finally captured and hanged.” (Amazon.com)
6. The Rosie Project by Graeme Simsion
“Rosie Jarman possesses all these qualities. Don easily disqualifies her as a candidate for The Wife Project (even if she is “quite intelligent for a barmaid”). But Don is intrigued by Rosie’s own quest to identify her biological father. When an unlikely relationship develops as they collaborate on The Father Project, Don is forced to confront the spontaneous whirlwind that is Rosie―and the realization that, despite your best scientific efforts, you don’t find love, it finds you.” (Amazon.com)
7. Cocaine Blues (Phryne Fisher Mysteries) by Kerry Greenwood
“The London season is in full fling at the end of the 1920s, but the Honourable Phryne Fisher―she of the green-gray eyes, diamant garters, and outfits that should not be sprung suddenly on those of nervous dispositions―is rapidly tiring of the tedium of arranging flowers, making polite conversations with retired colonels, and dancing with weak-chinned men. Instead, Phryne decides it might be rather amusing to try her hand at being a lady detective in Melbourne, Australia. Almost immediately from the time she books into the Windsor Hotel, Phryne is embroiled in mystery: poisoned wives, cocaine smuggling rings, corrupt cops, and communism―not to mention erotic encounters with the beautiful Russian dancer, Sasha de Lisse―until her adventure reaches its steamy end in the Turkish baths of Little Lonsdale Street.” (Amazon.com)
8. The Dry by Jane Harper
“After getting a note demanding his presence, Federal Agent Aaron Falk arrives in his hometown for the first time in decades to attend the funeral of his best friend, Luke. Twenty years ago when Falk was accused of murder, Luke was his alibi. Falk and his father fled under a cloud of suspicion, saved from prosecution only because of Luke’s steadfast claim that the boys had been together at the time of the crime. But now more than one person knows they didn’t tell the truth back then, and Luke is dead.” (Amazon.com)
9. Voss by Patrick White
“Set in nineteenth-century Australia, Voss is White's best-known book, a sweeping novel about a secret passion between the explorer Voss and the young orphan Laura. As Voss is tested by hardship, mutiny, and betrayal during his crossing of the brutal Australian desert, Laura awaits his return in Sydney, where she endures their months of separation as if her life were a dream and Voss the only reality. Marrying a sensitive rendering of hidden love with a stark adventure narrative, Voss is a novel of extraordinary power and virtuosity from a twentieth-century master.” (Amazon.com)
10. Breath by Tim Winton
“On the wild, lonely coast of Western Australia, two thrillseeking and barely adolescent boys fall into the enigmatic thrall of veteran big-wave surfer Sando. Together they form an odd but elite trio. The grown man initiates the boys into a kind of Spartan ethos, a regimen of risk and challenge, where they test themselves in storm swells on remote and shark-infested reefs, pushing each other to the edges of endurance, courage, and sanity. But where is all this heading? Why is their mentor’s past such forbidden territory? And what can explain his American wife’s peculiar behavior? Venturing beyond all limits—in relationships, in physical challenge, and in sexual behavior—there is a point where oblivion is the only outcome.” (Amazon.com)
Bonus 11. That Deadman Dance by Kim Scott
“Bobby Wabalanginy is a young Noongar man, smart, resourceful, and eager to please. He befriends the European arrivals, joining them as they hunt whales, till the land, and establish their new colony. He is welcomed into a prosperous white family, and eventually finds himself falling in love with the daughter, Christine. But slowly-by design and by hazard-things begin to change. Not everyone is happy with how the colony is progressing. Livestock mysteriously start to disappear, crops are destroyed, there are "accidents" and injuries on both sides. As the Europeans impose ever-stricter rules and regulations in order to keep the peace, Bobby's Elders decide they must respond in kind, and Bobby is forced to take sides, inexorably drawn into a series of events that will forever change the future of his country.” (Amazon.com)
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Thank you😁❤️❤️❤️❤️
Half-underwater pics
Physalia Physalis: Bushrangers Bay, NSW Australia
Smiling Assassin: American Crocodile, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
Ocean Rose: Bass Point, NSW Australia
Crimson Tide: Waratah Anemones, Port Kembla, NSW Australia
Bluebottle Army: Bluebottle cnidarian, Bushrangers Bay, NSW Australia
American Crocodile, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
A Shock of Blue: Bushrangers Bay, NSW Australia
A Long Finned Eel, Botanical Gardens, Sydney
pictures by Matty Smith
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Events 6.28
1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
1519 – Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1575 – Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
1745 – A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition.
1778 – American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness.
1797 – French troops disembark in Corfu, beginning the French rule in the Ionian Islands.
1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
1838 – Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
1855 – Sigma Chi fraternity is founded in North America.
1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
1865 – The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
1870 – The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas).
1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan.
1881 – The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed.
1882 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
1895 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis’s claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent."
1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.
1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
1904 – The SS Norge runs aground on Hasselwood Rock in the North Atlantic 430 kilometres (270 mi) northwest of Ireland. More than 635 people die during the sinking.
1911 – The Nakhla meteorite, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, falls to Earth, landing in Egypt.
1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo; this is the casus belli of World War I.
1917 – World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers.
1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the Allies of World War I.
1921 – Serbian King Alexander I proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution.
1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.
1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies.
1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union after facing an ultimatum.
1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany starts its strategic summer offensive against the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after V-E Day.
1948 – Cold War: The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from the Cominform.
1948 – Boxer Dick Turpin beats Vince Hawkins at Villa Park in Birmingham to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era.
1950 – Korean War: Suspected communist sympathizers (between 60,000 and 200,000) are executed in the Bodo League massacre.
1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the Hangang Bridge in an attempt to slow North Korea's offensive. The city falls later that day.
1950 – Korean War: North Korean Army conducts the Seoul National University Hospital massacre.
1956 – In Poznań, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe.
1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
1969 – Stonewall riots begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement.
1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.
1976 – The Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial.
1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke bars quota systems in college admissions.
1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republican Party.
1982 – Aeroflot Flight 8641 crashes in Mazyr, Belarus, killing 132 people.[5]
1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bombed the Iranian town of Sardasht.
1989 – On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle.
1997 – Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear.
2001 – Slobodan Milošević is extradited to the ICTY in The Hague to stand trial.
2004 – Iraq War: Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation.
2009 – Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.
2016 – A terrorist attack in Turkey's Istanbul Atatürk Airport kills 42 people and injures more than 230 others.
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