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sanctus-ingenium · 8 months

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answering asks vol 2.

'Smiths' can encompass enginesmiths (mercury), armoursmiths (mars), alchemists (saturn) and some others - generally a smith is someone who works with engines or metal in any capacity, whether by constructing them, managing their fuel, making armour, etc. all of them have a completely degendered role in the church. They are supposed to be wholly devoted to their craft & church, to the point of becoming almost unpeople, sexless.

I like pantera :) he's the main character beast sure (alongside leun) but he's got a lot of interesting history and has been through a lot.

To start out I do some basic sketches while looking at bestiary diagrams of the animal type. Then I draw the base proportions over a photo of the animal's skeleton. Once the joints are all in place and I could imagine it moving relatively freely, I pick a motif and design the armour shapes with that in mind (i.e leun's trefoils, taurus's waves). The motifs come from a bunch of sources - if I see them in medieval art around that animal, the beast's use purpose, the culture that built them and how it might differ in art styles to the 'basic' designs from the heart of the Mezian theocracy. Fun stuff like that.

As an exercise I have taken (human) characters from other settings and made holy beast versions of them, trying to imagine what animal it would be, what weapons, what armour designs, etc. Behold, Bowman:

It's a fun exercise! I recommend :>

Hi! Thank you for the suggestion! I actually did try to use OneNote for my thesis but I found that it ended up an extra step that got in the way. Instead I organised my reference papers manually (and wrote up all my bibliography by hand as well). I haven't heard of Notion so I might look into it :> as someone with adhd I find that the best way for me is to make it stupid easy, which is why discord works because I already use it for talking with friends and I like the mobile app.

SO true!! You can make whatever the hell you want forever and that sounds really cool, I'm glad I was able to help in some little way >:) (although, holy beasts are not robots.. i think the best description for them is just. exotic vehicles.)

lmao it's totally fine!! I love to talk

Sir Heaven had such a profoundly negative experience with Leun that he struggles with the concept of making anybody else do what he now considers to be his burden. He also feels that taking any new people inside Leun would endanger them.

The bishop of Salvius cathedral is the guy Heaven answers to, and his superior officer. The bishop has reported the matter to the pope and they're still working hard presenting new potential novices to Sir Heaven, but the thing is that Sir Heaven rejects them for seemingly valid reasons. He doesn't just say 'no I'm not taking apprentices', he says 'this one's reaction speed isn't good enough' or 'this one is too prideful'. But the longer he tries to keep this up, the more suspicion he heaps on his shoulders. If the time came, no, he would not be able to deny a direct order from the pope.

Ketjan was selected at random, one of a large group of other children who were not raised in the church. This is to ensure that there is no per-existing bias or knowledge of how holy beasts work. And he just happened to be the only one of the group who could master Leun's very demanding dialogue tattoo. The recruiting enginesmiths, who designed Leun's systems, were the ones to train him, but Ketjan was the one to write most of the procedures for operating Leun based on feedback from the dialogue.

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@ospreyonthemoon @kicks-tiktaalik-back-into-water

Krokodilos had an amazing high-tech ventilation system that used active air pumps to keep it circulating. But exactly like the second reply says, it broke down frequently. And because of how it worked, the interior of croc had to be air-tight so that the pumps could work efficiently. And, of course, if it broke down, and it was air tight on the inside, it instantly became a more dangerous deathtrap than your average passively ventilated beast.

There were valves that could be opened in an emergency but these were only added after the first Incident. The pumps would break down from the fabric seals degrading, lose efficacy, and then the parts furthest from the pumps would suddenly not get enough air anymore because air couldn't be moved such a distance with faulty pumps. The reason his enginesmiths want him to be re-commissioned is because the only barrier was the material used for the seals, and they believe they can innovate some new materials or try something different and have it work. They were even thinking of trying natural rubber, which would have worked perfectly, but they never got approval for it.

#setting: mez

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fromkenari · 8 months

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A mass of fools and knaves

The full email exchange between Alex Claremont Diaz and Prince Henry Fox Mountchristen Windsor from Chapter Nine of Red, White and Royal Blue by Casey McQuiston. Put here for my best friend to read.

A mass of fools and knaves A [email protected] 8/10/20 1:04 AM to Henry H, Have you ever read any of Alexander Hamilton’s letters to John Laurens? What am I saying? Of course you haven’t. You’d probably be disinherited for revolutionary sympathies. Well, since I got the boot from the campaign, there is literally nothing for me to do but watch cable news (diligently chipping away at my brain cells by the day) and sort through all my old shit from college. Just looking at papers, thinking: Excellent, yes, I’m so glad I stayed up all night writing this for a 98 in the class, only to get summarily fired from the first job I ever had and exiled to my bedroom! Great job, Alex! Is this how you feel in the palace all the time? It fucking sucks, man. So anyway, I’m going through my college stuff, and I find this analysis I did of Hamilton’s wartime correspondence, and hear me out: I think Hamilton could have been bi. His letters to Laurens are almost as romantic as his letters to his wife. Half of them are signed “Yours” or “Affectionately yrs,” and the last one before Laurens died is signed “Yrs for ever.” I can’t figure out why nobody talks about the possibility of a Founding Father being not straight (outside of Chernow’s biography, which is great btw, see attached bibliography). I mean, I know why, but. Anyway, I found this part of a letter he wrote to Laurens, and it made me think of you. And me, I guess: The truth is I am an unlucky honest man, that speak my sentiments to all and with emphasis. I say this to you because you know it and will not charge me with vanity. I hate Congress—I hate the army—I hate the world—I hate myself. The whole is a mass of fools and knaves; I could almost except you … Thinking about history makes me wonder how I’ll fit into it one day, I guess. And you too. I kinda wish people still wrote like that. History, huh? Bet we could make some. Affectionately yrs, slowly going insane, Alex, First Son of Founding Father Sacrilege

McQuiston, Casey. Red, White & Royal Blue: A Novel (pp. 239-241). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Re: A mass of fools and knaves Henry [email protected] 8/10/20 4:18 AM to A Alex, First Son of Masturbatory Historical Readings: The phrase “see attached bibliography” is the single sexiest thing you have ever written to me. Every time you mention your slow decay inside the White House, I can’t help but feel it’s my fault, and I feel absolutely shit about it. I’m sorry. I should have known better than to turn up at a thing like that. I got carried away; I didn’t think. I know how much that job meant to you. I just want to … you know. Extend the option. If you wanted less of me, and more of that—the work, the uncomplicated things—I would understand. Truly. In any event … Believe it or not, I have actually done a bit of reading on Hamilton, for a number of reasons. First, he was a brilliant writer. Second, I knew you were named after him (the pair of you share an alarming number of traits, by the by: passionate determination, never knowing when to shut up, &c &c). And third, some saucy tart once tried to impugn my virtue against an oil painting of him, and in the halls of memory, some things demand context. Are you angling for a revolutionary soldier role-play scenario? I must inform you, any trace of King George III blood I have would curdle in my very veins and render me useless to you. Or are you suggesting you’d rather exchange passionate letters by candlelight? Should I tell you that when we’re apart, your body comes back to me in dreams? That when I sleep, I see you, the dip of your waist, the freckle above your hip, and when I wake up in the morning, it feels like I’ve just been with you, the phantom touch of your hand on the back of my neck fresh and not imagined? That I can feel your skin against mine, and it makes every bone in my body ache? That, for a few moments, I can hold my breath and be back there with you, in a dream, in a thousand rooms, nowhere at all? I think perhaps Hamilton said it better in a letter to Eliza: You engross my thoughts too intirely to allow me to think of any thing else—you not only employ my mind all day; but you intrude upon my sleep. I meet you in every dream—and when I wake I cannot close my eyes again for ruminating on your sweetness. If you did decide to take the option mentioned at the start of this email, I do hope you haven’t read the rest of this rubbish. Regards, Haplessly Romantic Heretic Prince Henry the Utterly Daft

McQuiston, Casey. Red, White & Royal Blue: A Novel (pp. 241-243). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Re: A mass of fools and knaves A [email protected] 8/10/20 5:36 AM to Henry H, Please don’t be stupid. No part of any of this will ever be uncomplicated. Anyway, you should be a writer. You are a writer. Even after all this, I still always feel like I want to know more of you. Does that sound crazy? I just sit here and wonder, who is this person who knows stuff about Hamilton and writes like this? Where does someone like that even come from? How was I so wrong? It’s weird because I always know things about people, gut feelings that usually lead me in more or less the right direction. I do think I got a gut feeling with you, I just didn’t have what I needed in my head to understand it. But I kind of kept chasing it anyway, like I was just going blindly in a certain direction and hoping for the best. I guess that makes you the North Star? I wanna see you again and soon. I keep reading that one paragraph over and over again. You know which one. I want you back here with me. I want your body and I want the rest of you too. And I want to get the fuck out of this house. Watching June and Nora on TV doing appearances without me is torture. We have this annual thing at my dad’s lake house in Texas. Whole long weekend off the grid. There’s a lake with a pier, and my dad always cooks something fucking amazing. You wanna come? I kind of can’t stop thinking about you all sunburned and pretty sitting out there in the country. It’s the weekend after next. If Shaan can talk to Zahra or somebody about flying you into Austin, we can pick you up from there. Say yes? Yrs, Alex P.S. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky—1958: Tho I long for the actual sunlight contact between us I miss you like a home. Shine back honey & think of me.

McQuiston, Casey. Red, White & Royal Blue: A Novel (pp. 243-245). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Re: A mass of fools and knaves Henry [email protected] 8/10/20 8:22 PM to A Alex, If I’m north, I shudder to think where in God’s name we’re going. I’m ruminating on identity and your question about where a person like me comes from, and as best as I can explain it, here’s a story: Once, there was a young prince who was born in a castle. His mother was a princess scholar, and his father was the most handsome, feared knight in all the land. As a boy, people would bring him everything he could ever dream of wanting. The most beautiful silk clothes, ripe fruit from the orangery. At times, he was so happy, he felt he would never grow tired of being a prince. He came from a long, long line of princes, but never before had there been a prince quite like him: born with his heart on the outside of his body. When he was small, his family would smile and laugh and say he would grow out of it one day. But as he grew, it stayed where it was, red and visible and alive. He didn’t mind it very much, but every day, the family’s fear grew that the people of the kingdom would soon notice and turn their backs on the prince. His grandmother, the queen, lived in a high tower, where she spoke only of the other princes, past and present, who were born whole. Then, the prince’s father, the knight, was struck down in battle. The lance tore open his armor and his body and left him bleeding in the dust. And so, when the queen sent new clothes, armor for the prince to parcel his heart away safe, the prince’s mother did not stop her. For she was afraid, now: afraid of her son’s heart torn open too. So the prince wore it, and for many years, he believed it was right. Until he met the most devastatingly gorgeous peasant boy from a nearby village who said absolutely ghastly things to him that made him feel alive for the first time in years and who turned out to be the most mad sort of sorcerer, one who could conjure up things like gold and vodka shots and apricot tarts out of absolutely nothing, and the prince’s whole life went up in a puff of dazzling purple smoke, and the kingdom said, “I can’t believe we’re all so surprised.” I’m in for the lake house. I must admit, I’m glad you’re getting out of the house. I worry you may burn the thing down. Does this mean I’ll be meeting your father? I miss you. x Henry P.S. This is mortifying and maudlin and, honestly, I hope you forget it as soon as you’ve read it. P.P.S. From Henry James to Hendrik C. Andersen, 1899: May the terrific U.S.A. be meanwhile not a brute to you. I feel in you a confidence, dear Boy–which to show is a joy to me. My hopes and desires and sympathies right heartily and most firmly, go with you. So keep up your heart, and tell me, as it shapes itself, your (inevitably, I imagine, more or less weird) American story. May, at any rate, tutta quella gente be good to you.

McQuiston, Casey. Red, White & Royal Blue: A Novel (pp. 245-247). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

#leigh #a mass of fools and knaves #alex claremont diaz #henry fox mountchristen windsor #red white and royal blue #casey mcquiston #out of credits

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heich0e · 2 years

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ahhh exes with benefits to lovers with suna

it's silently taking care of each other when one of you is in need to help and never bringing it up, it's knowing each other's regular orders on night outs, it's seamlessly working together on a project because you're amicable exes (not because you had sex to dull down the tension or anything)

suna still brings you coffee to class in the morning

"it's just a habit," he says with a shrug, slumping into his seat beside you as he lets his backpack drop to the floor at his feet. "do you want it or not?"

you order his drink for him at the bar on a night out because you're on good terms with the bartender, and with rin's apathetic nature he's unlikely to be able to flag him down amongst the rowdy friday night crowd anyway--so what's the harm in just getting his too?

"is this-"

"yeah, i made sure they added extra lime."

you're sitting in the cramped confines of his dorm room late one night, cursing out your groupmates who bailed on the project meeting last minute for variously superficial reasons. tensions are already running high when suna makes a snippy comment about your attitude, which you return with an equally biting jibe of your own, and before you know it you're pressed into the throw rug that his roommate bought with suna's hand groping you under your sweatshirt and your legs wrapped around his waist. you get an A on the project because the two of you stay up all night pulling it together, you wrapped in one of his hoodies, splitting energy drinks and snacks that suna shuffled out to get you from the vending machines in the dorm lobby at 1am

"hey."

you jolt a little, catching yourself nodding off.

suna's peering over at you from his desk chair where you sit working on your part of the presentation in his bed. his roommate is spending the night at his girlfriend's apartment but you still feel a bit weird about claiming the desk on the opposite side of the room for yourself, so you're working propped up against suna's headboard.

"if you wanna sleep I can finish up the slides, i'm almost done this part." he points to his own laptop screen where he's cleaning up the bibliography that your other group member had butchered.

you shake your head, exhaustion throbbing behind your eyes.

"i'm fine," you decline the offer, but suna quirks a brow in a way that feels almost accusatory.

"you're falling asleep sitting up."

"i'm fine, suna."

suna, not rintarou, even though it used to be the latter. but things are different now, even if the ache between your legs and the marks hidden under the collar of your hoodie (his hoodie) say otherwise. neither of you have said much since your romp earlier in the evening.

you're not exactly sure what to say.

suna tosses a tiny plush toy shaped like a fox (that you remember him winning from a capsule machine months prior on a date) at you, and it hits you square in the forehead.

"what the fuck, ri-"

"take a 20 minute nap. i'll wake you up." suna doesn't even look up from the screen of his computer as he makes the demand.

your eyes flicker to the time in the upper righthand corner of your screen--you really could use a rest, and would probably be more productive if you did. begrudgingly you set your laptop off to the side, after making sure you've saved your progress on the presentation, burrowing down in the soft material of his hoodie as you curl up against his pillows.

you wake up just before dawn, your laptop closed on rintarou's desk (slides completed), and suna snoring lightly atop his roommate's bed across from you.

#stop this is hurting me #this isn't even a livtarou thing anymore it's just making me pine #liv got mail #writing #hq hcs #hq drabble

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decalcomania21 · 4 months

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Abortion in Poland - ‘Hell for women’

‘Why should old men decide on my body!’ - that’s what were asking many girls and women in Poland in 2020 22nd of October.

‘They never went through this emotional and physical pain of not considering your body as your own but as a ‘machine to make babies’ because that’s what women were born for, right?!’

It’s been three years now since the decision to make abolition illegal in Poland. Of course the government says it’s protect women and their children but is is really true? How many examples of women being left for death and endangering their lives you have to see to understand that you’ve just made them suffer more.

Even in such extreme cases like rape, women are still obliged to show some proof of prohibition act which makes it almost impossible for the rape survivors to obtain abortion. If there is a possibility of life threatening complications from pregnancy, still the doctors will say to a woman: ‘there is nothing we can do now, you have to wait because they might think we did it on purpose.’

As a woman in my country with current government I don’t feel like my body belongs to me, it doesn’t and maybe in everyday situations I won’t think about it. But when it comes to those decisions, it’s not going to be my choice. And this is not right!

"STOP KILLING US"

"WE WANT DOCTORS NOT MISSIONARIES"

Protesters shouting.

Polish people are demanding their rights and they are going to fight for it. Looking at the history of Poland we were born with anger and power inside us. It doesn’t matter how many years or how difficult it’s going to be, we won’t give up until we get our rights back, rights to decide on our own self.

Last month, the election was held in Poland. Many Polish people came back from different countries just to vote. But also, thousands of others voted in the UK. I myself went to one of the district in London. I was waiting for 5 hours in a queue outside the building because no one was prepared for this amount of people showing up. But still like everyone else, I stayed in that queue. No matter how long you have to wait especially it that cold weather, when it comes to your rights and your family’s safety, you will do everything.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Overall take on project

I am really happy I could work with people that are as passionate about this topic as I am. We created an environment where we could freely share our thoughts and feelings about quite controversial issues. At the beginning of our work together we discussed and sectioned which one of us would do which topic. That’s why we didn’t have any problems and difficulties to finish everything on time. What was also interesting about working together was seeing different approaches and life experiences on certain subjects added in our manifesto. I think this combination gives us more personal and powerful tenor on our final project.

#artists on tumblr #abortion #women’s rights #poland #vote #government

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eerieskreativekorner · 4 months

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Dear Fellow Army's,

I am a senior Army on a very tight fixed income. I have been an Army since Sept 2019 when BTS saved my life from a dark place. I want more than anything to see them live when they return from enlistment. Tickets are out of reach for me. I started a coloring book business to try to earn money to fulfill this dream. Since Aug 2022 I have made 60+ unique, high-quality coloring and puzzle books for all ages, with bleed-proof black backing pages. But I have only sold 10 books so far. My books are print-on-demand so I make less than $2 per sale. I would appreciate fellow Armys visiting my Amazon shop and considering a purchase if you or a loved one enjoys art. That will give you a creative outlet and satisfy you in helping change someone's life. I don't ask for financial support unless you have the means to help, just for you to share my shop and help my small business's reach. My family and I appreciate anything you can do to help this senior Army's dream come true. Thank you, Army family. Borahae!💜💜💜💜💜💜💜

#helpan armydream #scaryfairy #coloringfun #fun4allages

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chocolateytruth · 5 months

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Future of Chocolate

Is chocolate still a guilt-free pleasure? Some people would disagree with this question due to the fact there were children working on the cacao plantations and did not know about this fact until the media got their hands on this terrible news of children being sold into this just so the world may partake in their supposed guilt-free pleasure. Throughout the history of chocolate since the encounter of the Spanish with the Aztecs, we have seen the separation between consumer and corporate. Through the connections between consumers and producers, we can see how the foundation of the industry affects the present and the potential shape of the industry in the future.

With the great separation of consumers and producers, people have failed in being aware of how their chocolate has become so accessible and affordable. There is a growing emphasis on sustainable and ethical practices in the chocolate industry. Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environmental and social impact of cocoa production. This trend may lead to increased demand for products that adhere to fair trade standards, support farmers, and promote environmentally friendly practices. All this stems off the thinking that people who are aware are ones that research what's going on, know of the topic, and actively do something to advocate for those who cannot. Consumers are increasingly interested in the transparency of the supply chain. Companies that provide information about the origin of cocoa, ethical sourcing practices, and fair-trade certifications may gain a competitive edge. This goes back to the idea of corporations showing that they get their products from a place that does not partake in child labor as well as fairly treat their workers and not exploit them.

There are some things consumers cannot change such as the trend toward premium and artisanal chocolate is likely to continue. Consumers are seeking unique and high-quality chocolate experiences, and there is a growing market for craft chocolate made from high-quality, single-origin cacao beans. There is a great amount of people wanting to support the smaller businesses that source their cacao beans from one place that is a fair-trade plantation that does not participate in unethical and immoral practices. There is some talk that some chocolate makers are exploring innovative flavors and ingredients to cater to diverse consumer tastes. This includes the use of alternative sweeteners, functional ingredients, and creative flavor combinations. Experimentation with exotic and unique flavors may become more prevalent. This gives us that foundational allure the Spanish got when they were first introduced of the old world.

As consumers become more health-conscious, there is a potential for the development of chocolate products that align with health and wellness trends. This could include the incorporation of functional ingredients, reduced sugar options, and the promotion of chocolate's potential health benefits. Frequently, people are looking for ways to have a healthy lifestyle and wish to share that with people. Especially with social media, health and wellness trends are becoming something a lot of people are being shown especially with companies that look into what we type and shop for. And so, for a product to be healthier, sustainable, and practice fair trade would be a bigger hit than a cheaper product and I feel the chocolate industry can change for the good. Along the talk affordability, advances in technology may impact the production process, from cocoa farming to chocolate manufacturing. Precision farming, sustainable practices, and improved processing techniques could enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Technological transformation does mean that prices could be cheaper, but with transparency, corporations would have to think of diverse ways to lower costs with newer machinery since people would want to know where the cacao beans come from.

In conclusion, the future is full of possibilities that could be for the greater good, but when thinking about big business, it would have to satisfy themselves first. The future of chocolate will likely be shaped by a combination of consumer preferences, industry innovation, and responses to global challenges such as climate change and social responsibility. Sustainable and ethical practices, along with a focus on quality and innovation, are expected to be key drivers in the evolving chocolate landscape and hopefully not repeat history in certain cases.

Bibliography:

Lecture

Kristy, Leissle. Cocoa, (Poury, 2018)

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jeannereames · 5 months

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Light at the end of the tunnel

So, I think I've mentioned at least once that this has been a nutty semester for me. I've still got three questions in *asks that I just haven' t yet got to--but I will!

It's been crazy busy, but overall in a good way. I finished editing that book collection for Colloquia Antiqua, so now we await proofs. This semester saw one of my grad students complete and defend in what is the best thesis I have ever had the pleasure to advise (and probably the best I'll ever advise, tbh, given how relatively close I am to retirement and how few people are still writing theses). And by excellent, I meant it's PhD quality (for those overseas, in the US, a thesis is MA and dissertation is PhD), with a multi-language bibliography (not primarily Anglophone) and years of research. I'm very proud of the work she did.

Anyway, I also had 3 preps this semester, including 2 with heavy grading, and various book-related things.

To wit, the second volume of the Italian translation of Dancing with the Lion is due out Monday (11/20), and the new covers for the revised English edition of Dancing with the Lion will be arriving in early December, don't yet have a date, but probably the first full week? I think?

Btw, if you order the paper print-on-demand versions, be sure your covers match. I've seen several people bring me copies with one face cover and one statue cover (that wasn't their choice). Amazon for some reason fronts the face cover for #1 and the statue cover for #2. I'm not sure (and Riptide isn't sure) how to make it stop doing that. (This happened just Tuesday night, when a student brought in a pair for me to sign, unaware that there were two different covers; she just thought the vastly different covers were what the publisher put out there. I showed her the other covers, and she's sending back the "faces" one for the statue.)

So with the NEW covers, be sure you get the one you want! (Look under "see all editions" for alternate covers.)

#dancing with the lion #crazy semester

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charliepipedesigner · 1 year

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Secondary Research into Age Ratings - Major Project

I wanted to look further into the age rating system of movies because it's important to help users to make informed decisions about the content they choose to watch and to produce. This article from ITV X goes further into detail about how teens have pushed to make more informed choices for younger viewers on digital streaming platforms such as Netflix.

Benefits

Age ratings provide a guideline for what content is appropriate for different age groups based on factors such as violence, sexual content, and language. The 2019 article announced the introduction to the age rating system on the popular streaming platform, Netflix, which was asked by the current generation of users. Just like the cinema, the ratings are introduced before the television show or film, scaling from U (suitable for all) to 18 (suitable only for adults). I thinks it's very helpful to display age ratings for films because users can ensure that they are selecting content that aligns with their personal values and preferences, and that they are not exposing themselves or others to potentially harmful or offensive content.

How Ratings are Decided

According tot the article, "compliance officers will watch content and recommend an age rating using the BBFC Classification Guidelines". This means that there are multiple officers who decide on the rating of each film, which also implies the classification of the decision-making by specialists who are to choose a rating for the right demographic.

History

When the BBFC was first established in 1913, there were only two ratings (U and A, which stood for adult). The ratings had widened over time when people's perceptions of classification had changed, and every four to five years the BBFC carry out a major public consultation to find out what people think about the age rating of films and videos before they are released. Jaws, for examples, was a movie was originally released as an A rating. However, this was reclassified in 2012 to a 12A after it was realised that the film may be unsuitable for young children.

Why Ratings are Relevant

"According to the board’s research, 87% of 12-19 year olds want to make better decisions and 97% of all teenagers want more credit for being conscious decision makers. Plus 95% of teens said they wanted consistent age ratings they recognise from cinemas to apply to content accessed through streaming services." This indicates that there is a demand from teenagers for consistent age ratings across different platforms, including streaming services like my app. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that your app displays accurate and recognisable age ratings to help young users make informed decisions about the content they choose to view.

Conclusion

After reading and analysing this article about age ratings, it feels necessary to include this as it narrows down the users' search for films that are more relevant to their interests and preferences.

Bibliography

ITV. (2019). Why teens have pushed for the new digital age ratings and how they are decided. [Online]. ITV X. Last Updated: 28 October 2019. Available at: https://www.itv.com/news/2019-10-29/what-new-age-ratings-for-online-shows-and-films-really-mean-and- [Accessed 29 April 2023].

#AUB #VIS COM #FMP

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writingabouteverything · 3 years

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The Perfect White Flower--and Other Nonexistent Things

a/n YALL THIS IS PROBABLY DUMB BUT I HAD THIS IDEA ABOUT A HARRY STYLES X READER FIC THATS BASED ON THE PLOT OF JANE THE VIRGIN AND I WANTED TO WRITE IT SO BADLY I MADE THIS ACCOUNT

disclaimer--wont follow the show exactly

Pairing: Harry Styles x latina! reader (a key factor of the show revolves around the lead being latina, and im latina and honestly love writing for us but anyone can still read and understand/hopefully enjoy and the fic doesn’t involve any physical descriptions:))

Series Summary: Y/n l/n has had the world figured out since she was a child. She won’t be a writer because it’s risky, she’ll just focus on school and becoming a teacher. She’s never been a child, because her mother had her at sixteen and hasn’t aged a single year since. That’s part of the reason the promise she made to her grandmother means so much to her--if she doesn’t have sex before marriage, her child will never have to grow up as quickly as she did. And Harry Styles is at the top of the world--his music has never been more successful, he has a lovely girlfriend, and he’s never been more in demand. He has everything in the world...except a child, and through a series of unbelievable events--y/n might be his only chance to have one. Ever.

Chapter One Summary: Who knew getting a pap smear on two hours of sleep and three cups of coffee was as bad as having unprotected sex?

There’s something dangerous about taking public transportation in LA. And no, I don’t mean it in the ‘there are bad people in the world’ type of way. I mean it in the ‘I live in one of the casual influencer, celebrity, tourist hubs of the world and each time I step onto the bus I find myself mesmerized by all the stories I see in them’ way. Kind of pathetic, I know, but sometimes a child with blonde pig tails or a woman streaming on instagram live will catch my eye and the urge to pull out my lap top and start something I’ll never finish.

I know that writing isn’t some kind of disease. But I can’t let myself fall in love with it the way I want to. There’s nothing wrong with writing a short story or two, but trying to write a novel? That’s impractical. It will distract me from school, from the four year plan I’m almost done with.

Sighing, I brave taking at my surroundings. I deserve this today, after the anonymous, rude costumer at the hotel today, I need positivity. No one is particularly inspiring. The bus stops and I watch out the window. At first the crowd is ordinary, and then i see them...paparazzi. Flashing cameras from all angles, grown men violating all rules of personal space. It never sits right with me, but I guess it’s just part of living in LA. The bus starts moving again. When it stops again, I see even more paparazzis, but their cameras aren’t flashing. Good for whoever escaped that.

The bus door opens and I snap my attention back to my computer screen. I rub my eyes as I stare at my word document. How is there more that needs to be edited? This professor is the harshest grader I’ve ever had, and my friend, Gisa, is kind for giving me even more notes. But I’m exhausted. Two tests and an essay due before 12:00. And it’s...11:38. Great--I have to upload it the second I’m at my doctor’s office and have WiFi again.

I spend some time highlighting and rewording sentences, and once I’m done I reward myself with more people watching because I deserve it and I can’t fall asleep here. I’m kind of invested in the girl live streaming her bus ride...maybe she’ll say her instagram handle.

But when I look up, she’s not on the bus anymore. Almost no one is. An elderly couple is sitting towards the back. A woman with a toddler sit two rows in front of me...and there’s now a man directly across from me. I blink for a moment, imagining a story for someone who’s face I can’t quite see beneath such dark sun glasses. His dark waves and strong jaw do most of the imagining for me--he deserves a mystery, a dramatic one with a happy ending and just enough romance to keep the people interested. A good romance, too--not too sappy. Enemies to lovers, maybe. A mysterious stranger that’s not really a stranger because something about him is just...familiar.

He turns his head and I drop my gaze immediately. There’s no doubt he caught that, but I still pretend to edit the title of my essay. “You’ve been typing stubbornly since I first got on the bus.” There’s an accent--of course he’s english. But it’s more than that, I’ve heard that voice before. I’ve been...soothed by it. And--oh my god, I’m sitting across from Harry Styles.

Okay, don’t freak out. Don’t freak him out. He’s probably on here to escape the the whole ‘oh my god, you’re Harry Styles!’ thing.

“What are you writing?” Harry Styles just spoke to me. I greeted my one direction poster every single day in middle school, and Harry Styles just spoke to me. Okay--relax, breathe--it’s only weird if you make it weird.

There’s a kind of curt curiosity to his question. He could have been ruder, considering how blatantly I was staring at him. “I um...an essay.” I’m temped to turn the screen so that he can see I’m telling the truth. Though he wasn’t hostile, a part of me is paranoid that he thinks I am writing about him. It’s a fair assumption, for all he knows I’m drafting a tweet about who I saw on the bus this morning or preparing to send something in to some gossip girl-esque blog. “It’s due today at noon and normally I’m way more on top of things, but I had this last minute doctor’s appointment rescheduling because my usual doctor is out of town and--” I cut myself off before I can tell Harry Styles that I’m ovulating and that if I don’t go to my OBGYN now, I have to wait an entire month and I’ve already been off birth control longer than I’d like. I might not have actual sex in my near future, but my cramps have been extra terrible. “An essay, I just finished an essay.”

He nods once. Maybe he feels bad for so thoroughly startling me into such a rambling, because the corner of his mouth tilts upwards. A soft smile adds even more grace to his features, I focus on the dimple that appears in his cheek. “An aggravating essay, I take it, considering the death glares you’ve been giving your laptop screen.”

I smile at his polite humor. “It’s for the harshest grader on campus. She took three points off of my first essay freshman year because I spaced my bibliography wrong.”

He cringes in sympathy. “Good luck.”

“Thanks,” I hum, proud of myself for not letting him know that I know who he is. The bus stops, I can see my doctor’s office behind a few paparazzi. “This is my stop.”

Harry nods once, ducking his head slightly. A tiny part of me feels sympathy for him; from what I’ve gathered, he genuinely loves his fans and the relationship they have, but it must be draining to never have a moment of privacy. Especially when it’s people who care more about selling your picture than your mental health.

I linger on the bus’s step, watching the men with large cameras look around. “Excuse me, are you guys looking for Harry Styles?” Most of the men disregard me, but one looks at me. “I know he’s near here because I’m a really big fan and my friend just texted that she saw him.” This gets me the attention I wanted. “He’s at Northfield--a cafe like three blocks down. I just know that if she got a picture with Harry in like a magazine or something she’d totally lose it--in a good way, and she’s been having a bad time so if you see her can you try to make it happen? Knowing her she’ll be at his side, she’s blonde, shortish hair.”

The men seem skeptical, but I guess they realize that this is the best lead they have. I think the fact that I gave a reason to justify selling Harry out for no reason helped. They disperse together, heading at least three blocks away from Harry. I don’t know if I’ve actually helped him, but I hope I have.

“Essay girl.” I freeze, half cringing. Did he hear that? That’s embarrassing. I consider darting away, but decide that would just make me cringe more. So I turn on my heels. “You...you forgot your phone.”

He just saved my life. “Thank you.” I take my phone from his outstretched hand, ignoring the slight thrill that runs through me when our fingers brush. “You’re my hero--the last thing I needed today was to run all over the city searching for my phone.” I finish the awkward admission with a partial laugh.

“Least I could do,” he mumbles, “especially considering what you just did.”

...He did see that. “Oh um--it was nothing, I just kind of made a connection and assumed the only reason you’d be on a public bus is because you were trying to avoid some things, and you make really great music and a lot of people happy, so you deserve that break.” Why does it feel like I’ve been talking forever? “Anyways, thanks for the whole phone thing, and I hope I got them off your tail.”

My joke seems to somewhat land. His lips part, like he’s planning on saying something else. A timer on my phone interrupts him. I instinctually look down--great, the alarm on my phone warning me that I’m only ten minutes away from being late. “I’m late.” I turn towards the bus’s exit. “I gotta go, but thanks again, and I hope you have a good day.”

I disappear after that, still not sure that that whole thing wasn’t some kind of hallucination. Did I just meet Harry Styles? He...he gave me my phone. Harry Styles has touched my phone. I can’t wait to tell Gisa, she’ll lose it.

I’m still thinking about Harry Styles when I finally reach my OBGYN’s office. When I get there, things are a lot more hectic than I thought they’d be. Many people crowd the waiting area and the receptionist’s desk is clearly understaffed. Two young girls are trying to address multiple upset pregnant women and take phone calls at the same time, all while practically buried in a sea pf paperwork. Wow, I didn’t realize that transferring was such chaos. One of the girls waves me over and barely checks my name before shoving a form towards me. I fill out as quickly as possible.

I upload my essay quickly after checking in. Who knows, maybe Harry Styles’s blessing will get me an A? A third person in scrubs emerges from the back after a moment and ushers me into a room. I tell myself to focus on going over the facts I need for the test I have to take in a little over an hour. Or to focus on the fact that I just met Harry Styles. But instead, I feel my heavy eyelids fall shut.

I don’t know how long I sleep, but I know that I wake up during the middle of a doctor’s sentence, “...I know I’m not your usual, so I just want to make sure you’re comfortable.”

“Hm...Yeah, yeah I’m comfortable.” She nods once, her wide eyes slightly red. “But I do have a class today in like an hour, so I was wondering if this was going to take longer because of the office’s move?”

“Oh, no,” she shakes her head. “Just because Dr. Rodriguez gave us no notice before deciding that she no longer wanted to work here...or in the country. Or even live in the US, despite the fact that we just signed a lease on a place together...” Tears well in the stranger’s eyes, pity settles in my stomach.

“That sounds incredibly complicated, I didn’t mean to rush you.”

She blinks twice, her expression blanking as she fights against the pain of what’s clearly a terrible break up. “No, no--you have every right. Today is your day and if..honestly, if you’re strong enough to go to a class after this, and do what you’re about to do by yourself, then I’m strong enough to get through today.”

Um...didn’t realize a pap smear counted as something that needs moral support, but I’ll chalk it up to her heightened emotions. “Thanks.”

She snaps on her medical gloves. “No, thank you for your patience. Now lay down.”

I do as told, preparing for a sensation I haven’t often experienced. A moment passes and I know she’s started. She’s moving away from me much faster than expected. Oh--I guess pap smears are a lot shorter than I expected.

“That’s it?”

“Yep,” she hums, pulling her gloves off. “Now just take it easy, and hydrate.”

Weird...but that’s like general doctor advice. “Thanks!”

I’ve never wanted to keep a secret from Gisa, but sometimes I really regret telling her I met Harry Styles. It’s been almost a month and I find my mind wandering back to the moment in which our fingers brushed more than I should. Sometimes I let myself wonder what he might have said if my phone hadn’t rang. I was probably just imagining the way his lips parted, but my ind refuses to let it go.

“...You know it’s kind of sad, I read an interview in which he spoke about the fact that he has some genetic condition that makes it hard to have kids. He has so many godchildren, and I feel like he’d make such a great father.”

I try to keep up with Gisa’s words, but the dull ache in my head makes it feel so far away. “Yeah...he seemed really patient.”

Gisa nods, turning to face me. “You alright, you’re looking kinda green?”

“Yeah...” I reach for my canvas bag. “I think I just...I probably just need some water.”

My hand grazes the metal of my water bottle and then the corners of my vision blur into blackness. I sway, Gisa’s hand is on my shoulder...and then it all goes black.

I sit uncomfortably on the hospital’s cot. Gisa is a traitor for telling my mom that I fainted. I knew she’d just drag me here--hispanic mothers, they either believe they can cure you with vic’s vapor rub or they want you in the ER. No in between.

“I know you didn’t want another test, but you’ve been throwing up in the morning for days and now you’re fainting.”

“Fainted,” I correct, “it happened once.”

“C’mon, mija, it’s just one doctor’s appointment.”

Speaking of, an ER nurse returns. “Fainting and nausea spells explained,” he says, glancing at his clipboard, “you’re pregnant.”

My mom and I can’t help but exchange a look before bursting into laughter. Pregnant. If I’m pregnant then the second coming is here. “That’s impossible, I’m a virgin.”

He glances at my mom, “maybe we should have this conversation in private.”

“No, what you say in front of me you can say in front of my mom.”

My mom raises an eyebrow. “Y/n, did you and that guy from your english class--”

“No! No, we did not. I am a virgin and there’s no way I’m pregnant.” I glare at the nurse.

He then ushers me to a bathroom so that I can provide a urine sample. After I’m finished, he shows me a pregnancy test strip. “Pink means pregnant.” I bite my tongue as he tests the strip in my sample. He pulls it out and it’s...it’s bright pink.

“I’m calling my doctor, because this has to be a mistake. It has to be like a hormonal thing.”

“Exactly, pregnancy hormones.”

I glare even harder, calling the doctor that I saw last week. “Hello, Dr. Ash? I was wondering if I could get a consultation because I’m in the ER and some crazy doctor is trying to tell me I’m pregnant.”

Silence on the line for a long second. “...I actually cleared my calendar for you.”

#harry styles #harry styles x reader #harry styles x y/n #jane the virgin #jane the virgin AU #lot #hslot st louis

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jungshookz · 3 years

Text

teeny tidbits: y/n’s on a skateboard again and yoongi’s a good boyfriend

uni!yoongi and uni!y/n have a special place in my heart and are undoubtedly one of the cutest couples on this blog so i wrote a little self-indulgent something about the two of them literally just.,.,. walking together on campus

this tidbit should really just be named y/n and yoongi are taking a stroll

:-))

»»————-　♡　————-««

“i mean… i guess i can kind of see why i’d get a B- on that paper because i kind of rushed through it, but… ugh, i don’t know! i’m not a B- student! a B+, i would’ve been okay with… but a B-?? really?” you frown, a little divot appearing in between your brows

you got an assignment back today and you were slightly (very) disappointed to see that you’d been graded a B-

a big fat written in BRIGHT red B-

B- is roughly around the 69-75% range and is… exceedingly average and most certainly not what you expected you’d get

your papers are fantastic!!

you know how to write papers!!!

your titles are always really clever

your thesis statements are always clear

your arguments are always really specific

and let’s not even talk about your conclusions because the way you end an essay is equivalent to plunking a perfect little maraschino cherry on top of a perfect hot fudge sundae

and not to menTION your annotated bibliographies should be hung up at museums because that’s how beautiful they are

you personally think you always hand in A+ essays

sometimes A- essays

but a B-??

absolutely ridiculous!

preposterous!

never heard of!

“okay, it’s fine! this is fine!” you chuckle, your voice a little pitchier than normal, “a B- isn’t that bad and i have another chance to redeem myself for the next assignment- and, by the way, i’m not trying to be one of those students who are like oH nO a B-!!! it’s the end of the world!!” you mock, raising your free hand and waving it slightly, “but i just thought that i would get at least an A on this assignment, you know? at the same time, i feel like papers are tricky to grade because different professors grade papers differently which sucks- are you paying any attention to me or what?”

yoongi glances up at you for a brief second before scoffing lightly and turning to look forward again, “of course i’m not paying attention to you, nerdzilla. i can’t listen to you and steer you at the same time. you know i’m no good at multitasking.”

“well i-!” your arm tightens around yoongi’s neck when the skateboard rolls over a crack on the ground and you jump a little in surprise

“woah there-” yoongi immediately sticks the side of his shoe against the front right wheel of the board to stop it from moving

he waits for a second to make sure that you’re still stable before starting to walk again

“oh, don’t look so sad,” yoongi teases, giving your waist a gentle squeeze, “i’ll start listening to you as soon as we get to smoother ground, i promise.”

whenever the two of you walk together, yoongi either carries his board under one arm and holds your hand oR he skates alongside you while holding your hand

either way he’s holding your hand so you should be happy no matter what but today you decided that you wanted to be the one on the skateboard??

for some weird reason??

he’s pretty sure it’s the whole B- thing that’s making you lose your mind a little

he obviously had doubts about your demand because the last time you were on his board you ended up with two skinned knees and two skinned palms and he doesn’t know if he has enough bandaids in his backpack to patch you up this time around

so he said that you could stand on the board while he slowly pulled you along next to him and you seemed to be happy with that option

he has an arm wrapped around your waist securely while you have your arm hanging loosely around his neck

and as an added precaution he’s also holding onto your hand (that’s now slid up to grip onto his shoulder because of the little bump in the road just now) just to really make sure that you won’t go flying forwards or backwards and end up with a body full of broken bones

“you never pay attention to me when i start talking about my assignments...” you push your bottom lip out in a dramatic little pout before leaning down to squish your cheek against the top of yoongi’s head

you can’t help but giggle when he reaches up blindly for a second to swat you off of his head

“sometimes you’ll get a B- on a paper, so what?” yoongi hums, “you win some, you lose some. plus, like you said - you have a chance to redeem yourself with the next assignment... so just do better on the next assignment!”

“well, what if i get another B- on the next assignment?” you mutter, a shiver tingling up your spine at the thought of getting another B- on the next assignment

that’d be awful

two B minuses in a row?!

you’d rather hurl yourself into the middle of a busy intersection

“then you get a B- on the next assignment!” yoongi shrugs and gives you another reassuring squeeze, “as long as you’re not flunking out of your class, i say it’s not a big loss. but you’re smart. i’m sure you and your five trillion brain cells can figure it out.”

“mm, i guess you’re right.” you sigh, smiling fondly at the fact that yoongi was definitely listening to you the entire time even though he said he wasn’t paying an ounce of attention to you at all

sweet boy :’)

“also, i think we should travel like this all the time!” you chirp, turning your head to look at all the losers around you who are walking with their own two legs and not gliding along on a skateboard like you are, “it’s pretty fun. i like not having to walk!”

“for the record, i only agreed to do this because your boobs are like, right there-” yoongi looks up at you with a boyish grin and you roll your eyes playfully before reaching over to pinch his nose, “-now gimme a kiss. promise it’ll make you feel better!”

“a kiss?” you scoff, “nice try. eyes on the road, mister!”

teeny tidbits library

#teeny tidbits #uni!yoongi #yoongi drabbles #uni!yoongi drabbles

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fromkenari · 7 months

Text

Waterloo Letters #3: A mass of fools and knaves

McQuiston, Casey. Red, White & Royal Blue: A Novel (pp. 239-247). St. Martin's Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

#a mass of fools and knaves #waterloo letters #you probably see this one quoted often #firstprince #alex claremont diaz #henry fox mountchristen windsor #red white and royal blue #casey mcquiston #out of credits

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jackiearbs · 3 years

Text

things that rwrb characters have said that i will never forget, a thread:

alex claremont-diaz, giving off dumbass™ energy (he has the most on this thread, for obvious reasons)

- "put them in my room, put them in my room, put them in my room-"

- “Jesus Christ, it’s like they can see into your soul. cornbread knows my sins, Henry. cornbread knows what I have done, and he is here to make me atone.”

- "do it for the 'gram"

- "leading member of korean pop band bts kim nam-june"

- "whatever, fine. henry is annoyingly attractive. that’s always been a thing, objectively. it’s fine.”

- "see attached bibliography"

- "i said, you look great, baby!”

- "yo there’s a bond marathon on and did you know your dad was a total babe"

- "awesome, fuckin' love doing things out of spite.”

-”Huge Raging Headache Prince Henry of Who Cares”

-”it is amazing you can sit down to write emails with that gigantic royal stick up your ass.”

- “who names a dog David? He sounds like a tax attorney.”

-” “Do I go on your side of the cubicle and turn off your Dropkick Murphys Spotify station, no matter how much I want to?” Alex demands. “No, Hunter, I don’t.”

- “for fuck's sake, man, you just had my dick in your mouth, you can kiss me good-night.”

- “Bake Off makes Chopped look like the fucking Manson tapes.”

- “THEY KNOW. THEY KNOW I HAVE ROBBED THEM OF FIVE-STAR ACCOMMODATIONS TO SIT IN A CAGE IN MY ROOM, AND THE MINUTE I TURN MY BACK THEY ARE GOING TO FEAST ON MY FLESH.”

- “You’re from Boston, Hunter. You really want to talk about all the places bigotry comes from?” (he really hates hunter goddamn)

-”so, what? you want me to quit politics and go become a princess? that’s not very feminist of you.”

hrh prince dickhead😎 - "the moment you first called me a prick, my fate was sealed. O, fathers of my bloodline! O, ye kings of olde! Take this crown from me, bury me in my ancestral soil. If only you had known the mighty work of thine loins would be undone by a gay heir who likes it when American boys with chin dimples are mean to him.”

-"“I’ve been gay as a maypole since the day I came out of Mum, Philip.”

-”i will turn this car around.”

- “yes, the cocaine, alex.”

-”i am a delight!”

-”have i mentioned lately that you’re a demon?”

- “are you psychoanalyzing me? i don't think royal guests are allowed to do that.”

- "i can't believe even mortal peril will not prevent you from being the way you are.”

-“the phrase ‘see attached bibliography’ is the single sexiest thing you have ever written to me.”

-"i just mean to say, you know, Philip is the heir and I'm the spare, and if that nervy bastard has a heart attack at thirty five and I've got malaria, whither the spare?”

- “they wanted something less fruity than the truth, but truly, what is gayer than a woman who languishes away in a crumbling mansion wearing her wedding gown every day of her life, for the drama?”

- “You are a delinquent and a plague. Please come?”

- “fat and sexually conquered, snuffed out in the spring of my youth. Here lies Prince Henry of Wales. He died as he lived: avoiding plans and sucking cock.”

june: “- that is a clear quartz crystal for good vibes do not @ me.”

- “He’s just so frail, it’d only take one good push-”

- “ugh! men! no emotional vocabulary. i can’t believe our ancestors survived centuries of wars and plagues and genocide just to wind up with your sorry ass.”

nora:

-”sorry, are we not? did i skip ahead again? my bad. hello, would you like to come out to me? im listening. hi.”

“prince henry is a biscuit. let him sop you up.”

- “you’ve been, like, Draco Malfoy–level obsessed with Henry for years.”

- “i don’t know, man. I was in my junior year of high school, and I touched a boob. It wasn’t very profound. Nobody’s gonna write an Off-Broadway play about it.”

dahra:

- “You need to get back to fucking England now, and if anyone sees you leave, I will personally end you. Ask me if I’m afraid of the crown.”

- “both sides need to come out of this looking like your little slap-fight at the wedding was some homoerotic frat bro mishap, okay? So, you can hate the heir to the throne all you want, write mean poems about him in your diary, but the minute you see a camera, you act like the sun shines out of his dick, and you make it convincing.”

-”come on, you backyard-shooting-range motherfuckers,”

ellen (should i say PRESIDENT claremont)

- “Diaz, you insane, hopeless romantic little shit"

- “I had Planned Parenthood send over all these pamphlets, take one! They sent a bike messenger and everything!”

- ”where? Are you hiding a turkey habitat up your ass, son? Where, in our historically protected house, am I going to put a couple of turkeys until I pardon them tomorrow?”

-“As your mother, I can appreciate that maybe this isn’t your fault, but as the president, all I want is to have the CIA fake your death and ride the dead-kid sympathy into a second term.”

PEZ !!!

- “frolic naked in the hills, frighten the sheep, return to the house for the usual: tea, biscuits, casting ourselves onto the Thighmaster of love to moan about the Claremont-Diaz siblings, which has become tragically one-sided since Henry took it up with you. It used to be all bottles of cognac and shared malaise and ‘When will they notice us’-”

-”-and now i just ask henry, ‘what is your secret?’ and he says, ‘i insult alex all the time, and that seems to work.’”

**extra: nicer quotes from alex and henry

alex heartthrob diaz - "never tell me the odds"

-"we were not afforded that liberty."

-“I hate this so much. I know. But we’re gonna do it together. And we’re gonna make it work. You and me and history, remember? We’re just gonna fucking fight. Because you’re it, okay? I’m never gonna love anybody in the world like I love you. So, I promise you, one day we’ll be able to just be, and fuck everyone else.”

- “On purpose. I love him on purpose.”

- “history, huh? Bet we could make some.”

- “But the truth is, also, simply this: love is indomitable.”

-“Take anything you want and know you deserve to have it.”

- “Someone else’s choice doesn’t change who you are.”

- “I am the First Son of the United States, and I'm bisexual. History will remember us.”

- “America: He is my choice.”

- “Give yourself away sometimes, sweetheart, There's so much of you.”

- the entire list of the things he loves about henry. i would die

henry:

-”i’ll be damned but i miss you.”

- “when you rang me at truly shocking hours of the night, I loved you. When you kissed me in disgusting public toilets and pouted in hotel bars and made me happy in ways in which it had never even occurred to me that a mangled-up, locked-up person like me could be happy, I loved you. and then, inexplicably, you had the absolute audacity to love me back. Can you believe it?”

- “it sounds like you did your best.”

- “I’ve bloody well had it. I’ve sat about long enough letting you and Gran and the weight of the damned world keep me pinned, and I’m finished. I don’t care. You can take your legacy and your decorum and you can shove it up your fucking arse, Philip. I’m done.”

- “Should I tell you that when we’re apart, your body comes back to me in dreams? That when I sleep, I see you, the dip of your waist, the freckle above your hip, and when I wake up in the morning, it feels like I’ve just been with you, the phantom touch of your hand on the back of my neck fresh and not imagined? That I can feel your skin against mine, and it makes every bone in my body ache? That, for a few moments, I can hold my breath and be back there with you, in a dream, in a thousand rooms, nowhere at all?”

#rwrb #red white and royal blue #casey mcquiston #rw&rb #alex claremont diaz #prince henry of wales #june claremont diaz #nora holleran #ellen claremont #rwrb shitpost

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citylightsbooks · 3 years

Text

A Women’s History of City Lights: Interview with Nancy J. Peters

We'll be celebrating Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s 102nd birthday on March 24, and what better way to remember his legacy AND to mark Women’s History Month, than to honor Nancy J. Peters, Lawrence’s business partner, friend, and longtime comrade at City Lights Books. While Ferlinghetti certainly deserves all of the accolades he’s received, the fact of the matter is there would literally be no City Lights without Nancy Peters. Beyond shepherding City Lights through various fiscal crises and providing the steady anchor that allowed Ferlinghetti to travel the world as a poet and activist, Nancy's vision as an editor and acumen as a publisher were a vital key to the success and longevity of City Lights Publishers.

***

City Lights: How did you come to know what City Lights was? How did you meet Lawrence Ferlinghetti?

Nancy Peters: In Greece in the early 1960s, I became friends with Nanos Valaoritis and Marie Wilson who were at the center of an international bohemian/surrealist community. They had a large home which was always full of traveling writers and artists whom they made welcome. The Beat writers were among their guests, and City Lights was frequently talked about as a place everyone would meet up someday. I met Philip Lamantia there and in 1965 he introduced me to Lawrence in Paris at one of Jean-Jacque Lebel’s anarcho-surrealist festivals of free expression. Before a riotous crowd Lawrence gave a show-stopping rendition of his “Lord’s Prayer.” I was impressed by his powerful stage presence. Later that year, when Philip and I were living in Andalusia, Lawrence wrote Philip, asking for a selection of poems for a Pocket Poets Series volume. We corresponded some while we were putting the book together, but I didn’t see him again until 1971 when I moved to San Francisco.

I’d been working as an executive-trainee librarian at the Library of Congress in the fall of 1968. In April, Martin Luther King was assassinated and the impassioned protests that ensued left Washington neighborhoods in ruins. There was shockingly little assistance to residents from the government and my part of the city was under military surveillance, helicopters hovering over my apartment through the night. A Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam took place in Washington the following year. Over 750,000 people peacefully demonstrated. In a small way, I was involved in the planning and, during the protests, my apartment was crammed with fellow activists.

The Library of Congress was an amazing, fascinating place with compatible co-workers from all over the world—thousands of book people all in one place. However, the mission of the Library is to serve Congress, and the institution was a huge conservative bureaucracy serving a conservative and ineffective Congress as I saw it. I believed that if I stayed there I would have little contact with actual books or opportunities for civic activism.

So I moved to San Francisco, where Philip was living and urging me to come, and spent an enormous amount of time at City Lights while I was job hunting. It seemed like paradise, such a stimulating atmosphere where people could sit down to read, share ideas, and have conversations about books, politics, art. One day in early 1971 when I was walking down the street in North Beach, Lawrence hailed me and asked if I would like to help him with a bibliography of Allen Ginsberg’s writings. After just a brief meeting at the publishing office, Lawrence went to Europe and his editorial assistant Jan Herman suddenly decided to move to Germany. Jan showed me how all the editorial work was done in the office, told me Lawrence “wouldn’t mind,” and so I found myself beginning an exciting new career in publishing.

What was your experience taking over as executive director and co-owner in 1984?

The store back then employed seven people: six men at the bookstore and one (me) at the publishing branch. So “executive director” is far too grand a title. City Lights was a small, failing organization by 1982. The store was not founded to make profits for the owners and it never did make a profit. Breaking even was the goal. But every year the losses mounted and there came a time when there were very few books left on the shelves. No one had seen a customer venture downstairs to the lower part of the store for many months.

At the time, Lawrence was immensely popular and in great demand as a performer and a speaker, so he was traveling much of the time, visiting foreign colleagues, living abroad, finding new writers to translate. At this low point in the store’s history Lawrence told me in a frustrated moment that if I’d like to own City Lights, he would give it to me outright if I would run the business, freeing him to do all the other things he wanted to do. I declined, but told him I would be honored to be his partner. Theft was seriously addressed, and a protracted payment plan was agreed to by Book People, the East Bay employee-owned distributors who extended us credit for a generous period. Savvy booksellers Richard Berman and Paul Yamazaki headed the re-stocking plan. The three of us would go every week to Book People and Lou Swift Distributors to collect enough books to sell the following week. As time went on, everybody at the store consulted book catalogs and took on the responsibility for buying subject sections. I envisioned a participatory structure. If not a co-op, I wanted a bookstore where all the staff had responsibilities and power.

Why the decision not to have multiple bookstore locations around SF?

At one time we seriously considered additional locations. We explored sites in San Francisco’s Mission district and visited city officials in San Jose to talk about a second store there. But our resources were limited, and we were concerned about the time and money that would be required to create a sister store that would embody the same spirit and ethic as the original. During my time as director, the evolving challenges from chain stores and especially Amazon made beginning a new store a very risky enterprise. In retrospect, so many independents were closing that we decided to invest in our present, iconic location. In retrospect I think it was a good decision after watching attempts by other stores fail to duplicate their success elsewhere.

How has North Beach changed, how has it stayed the same? With the exodus of Big Tech and falling rents, how do you think that will affect North Beach and San Francisco in general in the future? Will there be “a rebirth of wonder”?

North Beach when I came to SF was a small bohemian village, where neighbors shared meals on their flat rooftops watching the sun set over the Bay. My rent was $125 a month, cheap even then. City Lights and the Discovery Bookstore (used books) next door to Vesuvio were key places to spend an evening. Two large Italian grocers delivered (no charge) bags of groceries up four flights of stairs to my apartment. The neighborhood was full of inexpensive Basque, Italian, and Chinese restaurants, and many cafes, many of which seemed unchanged since the 19th century. Change happens, and City Lights is well prepared for the future. It’s never easy to predict how things will develop, but the feeling of a lovely Mediterranean town persists, with the wooden buildings painted pastel colors, and the shimmering sea light on misty days. I feel certain that the light of City Lights will prevail for a long time to come.

Do you feel that your gender had any impact on your experience during your 23 years as director? Do you have any comments about women in bookselling or publishing in general?

Gender always has an impact. The Beat movement was certainly male focused. Even though the undaunted Diane di Prima was recognized, she was never enthusiastically supported by the inner nucleus of Beat poets. It was a long time before the Beat women came into their own. From the start, Lawrence, who insisted he wasn’t a Beat, had eclectic tastes and was open to women’s poetry. He admired Marianne Moore and Edna St. Vincent Millay as much as he did T.S. Eliot, Jacques Prévert, and Allen Ginsberg. In the Pocket Poets Series, he’d published di Prima and, very early in the series, both Marie Ponsot and Denise Levertov.

Women’s rights and opportunities are always vulnerable and cyclic. The Women’s Movement of the 1970s was very powerful and widespread, its impact on women’s lives enormous. At City Lights we hired more women; we published more women. There have always been outstanding women in publishing and bookselling, and during that time increasingly more women writers were published, reviewed, and were given accolades and awards. Women opened general bookstores and women’s bookstores, founded feminist and lesbian presses. It was a thrilling development, to see so many marginalized writers, and not just women, finding established publishers or creating their own presses. Together they created a larger, much more diverse national literature.

I’ve had the pleasure of working with many talented women at the bookstore. And in the publishing branch: Stella Levy, Kim McCloud, and Patricia Fujii. Gail Chiarello collected and edited our bestselling Bukowski stories. Annie Janowitz proposed the timely Unamerican Activities, and Amy Scholder brought us classics by Karen Finley, Rebecca Brown, and others. I’m happy to say that Amy Scholder is again working with City Lights as an editor.

When did you meet the now current publisher and executive director Elaine Katzenberger? What was her position at the bookstore? When did you know that she was the right person to take over as director?

Ah, Elaine, the woman who can do everything! Elaine began at the bookstore sales counter, then reorganized files and the store accounts, and very soon excelled as a book buyer. She had a great feeling for good writing, so I asked her to become an editor and she immediately began adding excellent books to City Lights’ list. She’s smart, witty, multitalented, and politically astute. We are very lucky to have her at the helm.

What is your understanding or vision of what of City Lights is and what it could be? How has Lawrence’s passing impacted this?

Lawrence’s democratic inclusiveness made him the best-selling poet in the U.S. His moral principles, his courage and resilience are a model to be emulated. He conceived City Lights as an educational institution that would open minds to explore and relate to the world through books. “One guy told me he’d got the equivalent of a Ph. D just sitting in the basement reading all our great books,” he often reminded us.

His “literary gathering place” was to be a fulcrum of San Francisco cultural experience, where our bookselling and publishing could amplify the voices of diverse experiences, connect with other creative communities, and serve as a center of dissent and, at the same time, a force for creating a better society.

Lawrence’s vision will continue to be our guiding light. An optimistic realist, he believed that City Lights would long endure as the co-creation of all the dedicated people who work here and make it what it is.

#nancy peters #lawrence ferlinghetti #womens history month #city lights bookstore

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dweemeister · 3 years

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The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T (1953)

Theodore Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, remains best-known for his children’s books. The Cat in the Hat; Green Eggs and Ham; and Oh, the Places You’ll Go! are household names in English-language literature. Seuss’ bibliography overshadows his work in films, beginning with the adapted screenplay of his own book, The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins (1943) – directed by George Pal as part of the Puppetoons series. During WWII, Seuss was heavily involved in propaganda films and the Private Snafu (1943-1946) military training films. After the war’s end, Seuss returned to writing children’s books, but also continued to write for movies. The Academy Award-winning animated short film Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950) benefitted from Seuss’ story work, and Seuss’ success there inspired him to write a screenplay for a live-action fantasy film. That screenplay – the unwieldy rough draft coming in at over 1,200 pages – was The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T. The eventual movie, produced by Stanley Kramer (1960’s Inherit the Wind, 1961’s Judgment at Nuremberg) and directed by Roy Rowland (1945’s Our Vines Have Tender Grapes, 1956’s Meet Me in Las Vegas) for Columbia Pictures, would be Seuss’ only involvement in a non-documentary feature film.

Like many who speak English as their first language, Dr. Seuss’ books graced my early childhood. So integral to numerous children’s youth is Seuss that his whimsy, wordplay, and authorial stamps are easily recognizable. In that spirit, the cinematic record of live-action Seuss adaptations consists of the scatological Jim Carrey in How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) and the visual nightmare that is Mike Myers as The Cat in the Hat (2003). Compared to the original works, both films are ungainly, casually cruel, and overcomplicated. Not promising company for Dr. T. But even taking into account the three animated feature adaptations of Seuss – Horton Hears a Who! (2008), The Lorax (2012), and The Grinch (2018) – and the fact that Columbia forced wholesale deletions from the rough draft script of Dr. T to achieve a feasible runtime, The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T is arguably the most faithful feature adaptation to Dr. Seuss’ authorial intent and signature aesthetic.

In other words, this is one of the strangest films you may ever encounter. No synopsis I could write in one paragraph will ever capture the film’s bizarreries.

Little Bart Collins (Tommy Rettig) is asleep during piano practice and his teacher, Dr. Terwilliker (Hans Conried), is furious. His overworked, widowed mother Heloise (Mary Healey) intuits Terwilliker’s unrealistic expectations (Terwilliker wants to teach the next Paderewski) towards Bart’s piano skills and inability to concentrate. Heloise also appears to be quietly eyeing the plumber August Zabladowski (Peter Lind Hayes) and his wrench. With the lesson done for the day, Bart falls asleep again. This time, he dreams that Terwilliker is now the leader of the Terwilliker Institute, a pianist supremacy mini-state which is built upon five hundred young pianist slave boys (hence, 5,000 fingers) forcibly playing Terwilliker’s latest compositions. His mother is Terwilliker’s unwilling, hypnotized assistant and plumber August Zabladowski (Hayes is essentially playing the same character, but in a different world) is Bart’s only ally around. Together, Bart and Mr. Zabladowski must evade the Institute’s guards as they attempt to undermine Terwilliker’s plans for his next concert.

In its final form, The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T is a muddled mess of a story. The analogues between Bart’s reality and his dreams are inconsistent, several would-be subplots never resolve (or at the very least develop beyond a basic idea), and the film’s initial lightness is subject to rapid mood swings that make this picture feel disjointed. Indeed, Seuss’ sprawling social commentary in his first draft – including allegories and themes of post-WWII totalitarianism, anti-communism, and atomic annihilation – is in tatters in this final product. The viewer will witness brief fragments of those ideas, remaining in this movie as the barest of hints of the contents of the original screenplay’s rough draft. Even now, Dr. T inspires psychiatric analyses and accusations that Bart’s relationship with his mother reveals signs of an Oedipal complex (to yours truly, the latter is too much of a reach). The grim nature of Terwilliker Institute renders Dr. T unsuitable for the youngest children. For older children and adults, try going into this movie without expectations of narrative logic and embrace the grotesque aspects that only Seuss could imagine.

If my attempts to describe this movie’s preposterousness through its narrative and screenwriting approach have failed, perhaps I can capture that for you by writing on its technical features.

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For its sheer narrative inventiveness – inconsistencies, abrupt tonal shifts, nonsense, and Rowland’s uninspired direction aside – The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T is nevertheless an ambitious film, and Columbia bequeathed a hefty budget to match that ambition. Much of that budget went to the film’s visuals. This is an extravagantly-staged motion picture, as nothing could do Dr. Seuss’ illustrations justice without fully committing to his geometric impossibilities: skyward ladders and improbable connections between rooms, an eschewal of right angles and straight lines, and architecture bound to raise the ire of physics teachers. One could compare this to German Expressionism, but Dr. T’s sets tend not to dictate the film’s mood nor are they subject to high-contrast lighting. Seuss went uncredited as the concept artist on Dr. T, and it was up to Clem Beauchamp (1935’s The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, 1952’s High Noon) and the uncredited matte artists to commit those visuals to the real world. Outside of animated film, Beauchamp and the matte artists succeed in creating twisted sets that seem to leap off the pages of Seuss’ most artistically interesting books. Some of the sets appear too stagebound, but the production design accomplishes its need to resemble a world borne from a fever dream (or, at least, a young pianist’s nightmare).

This movie’s outrageous costume design (other than Jean Louis’ gowns for Mary Healey, the costume designer/s for this film are uncredited) comprises absurd uniforms and two of the most ludicrous hats – the “happy fingers” cap (see photo at the top of this write-up) and whatever the hell Terwilliker dons in the film’s climax – one might ever see in a film. Most of the costumes are laughably impractical and ridiculous to even those without fashion sense. In what might be the tamest example, while working under Terwilliker, Bart’s mother wears a suit that is all business formal on the left-hand side and bare-shouldered, sleeveless, and nightclub-y on the right. The delineation of real life – which barely features in the film’s eighty-nine minutes – and this world of Bart’s dreams could not be any more unambiguous thanks to the combination of the production and costume design work.

The disappointing musical score by Fredrich Hollaender (1930’s The Blue Angel, 1948’s A Foreign Affair) and song lyrics by Seuss rarely connects to the larger narrative unfolding. Seven songs make the final print, with nine (yikes!) Hollaender-Seuss songs ending up on the cutting room floor. Seuss’ wordplay is evident, as are Hollaender’s melodic flourishes. Columbia, a studio not known for its musicals, assembled a 98-piece orchestra – the largest musical ensemble to work on a Columbia film at the time – for The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T alone. That lush sound is apparent throughout for the numerous nonsense songs that color the score in addition to the incidental score. It is unusual to listen to a collection of novelty songs orchestrated so fully. Listen to “Dressing Song: Do-Mi-Do Duds” and its complicated, seeming unsingable lines:

Come on and dress me, dress me, dress me In my peek-a-boo blouse With the lovely inner lining made of Chesapeake mouse! I want my polka-dotted dickie with the crinoline fringe For I'm going doe-me-doe-ing on a doe-me-doe binge!

The rich orchestration seems to hail from a more lavish film. But too many of these songs are scene-specific, and rarely does Hollaender utilize musical quotations from these songs into his score. “Get Together Weather” is delightful, but it seems so isolated from the rest of the film; elsewhere, “The Dungeon Song” exemplifies a macabre side to Seuss seldom appearing in his books. Nevertheless, Hollaender is able to demonstrate his playfulness across the entire film, none moreso during any scene with the bearded, roller-skating twins and the “Dungeon Ballet”, in which the music complements stunning choreography and fascinating props that recall the jingtinglers, floofloovers, tartookas, whohoopers, slooslunkas, and whowonkas from the Christmas television special How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966). Yet, Hollaender’s film score and the soundtrack with Seuss seems to demand something – anything – to tie the entire compositional effort together. Perhaps a song or some cue like that was cut from the film, which is ultimately to its detriment.

Hans Conried (who starred as Captain Hook in Disney’s Peter Pan several months prior to Dr. T’s release) stands out from a decidedly average Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healey – Hayes and Healey, in a sort of in-joke, were married. Conried’s performance as the sadistic, torture- and imprisonment-happy music teacher can be considered camp, but this is anything but “bad” camp. He throws himself completely into this cartoonish role, sans shame, complete with mid-Atlantic accent, and topped off with exaggerated facial and physical acting that fits this fantasy. As Bart, child actor Tommy Rettig (best known as Jeff Miller on the CBS television series Lassie) seems more assured in his performance than most child performers his age during the 1950s. His fourth wall-breaking asides seem more appropriate in a Bugs Bunny cartoon, but Rettig makes it work, and inhabits Bart’s flaws wonderfully.

Columbia demanded numerous reworkings of Seuss’ script, leading to several reshoots – most notably the opening scene (Seuss opposed the conceit of Bart’s dream framing the film) – and a ballooning budget. Upon its release in the summer of 1953, The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T bombed at the box office and was assailed by critics. A crestfallen Seuss, who could not stand the production difficulties that beset the film from the start of shooting, would never work in feature films again. He would dedicate himself almost entirely to writing and illustrating children’s books, with many of his most popular titles (including The Cat in the Hat, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish, and Green Eggs and Ham) published within a decade of Dr. T’s critical and commercial failure. His hesitance to participate in filmmaking informed his reluctance to allow Chuck Jones to adapt How the Grinch Stole Christmas! thirteen years later. Animation suited his books, Seuss thought, and he would never again pay any consideration to live-action filmmaking.

The reevaluation of The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T has seen a rehabilitation of the film’s image in recent decades. Home media releases and television showings have introduced the film to viewers not influenced by the hyperbolic negativity of the film critics working in 1953. This is not a sterling example of Old Hollywood fantasy filmmaking, due to a heavily gutted screenplay, scattershot thematic development, and incongruent musical score. Yet, the movie’s surrealistic charms and Seussian chaos know no peers, even in the present day.

My rating: 7/10

^ Based on my personal imdb rating. My interpretation of that ratings system can be found in the “Ratings system” page on my blog (as of July 1, 2020, tumblr is not permitting certain posts with links to appear on tag pages, so I cannot provide the URL).

For more of my reviews tagged “My Movie Odyssey”, check out the tag of the same name on my blog.

#The 5000 Fingers of Dr. T #The 5000 Fingers of Dr. T.#Dr. Seuss #Roy Rowland #Peter Lind Hayes #Mary Healy #Hans Conried #Tommy Rettig #Allan Scott #Stanley Kramer #Frederick Hollander #Rudolph Sternad #Cary Odell #William Kiernan #TCM #My Movie Odyssey

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rudjedet · 4 years

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buy-some-motherfuckin-apples replied to your post:

Giving me a list of books with relevant looking titles isn’t the same as giving me access to those books and pointing out where they say these things. Like how would I know which book from this list to look into and on which page to read if I want to verify that slave labor was not used to build any of the pyramids, as the first point in this post claims.

You might want to start with the one that has “Pyramids” in the title.

Realistically, how many posts on Tumblr do you know that come with a bibliography? How many papers have you read that, although they may reference the exact page number, come with full-text access to their bibliography? Why do you expect a Tumblr post, with a source list that was appended because so many people wanted to read more on these topics, to go above and beyond what actual, scientific research papers do?

I have absolutely no issue providing additional info for this post, whether it’s page numbers or a more in-depth explanation. My FAQ is full of it. Of course I usually assume that the person reading Controversial Truths has at least intermittent access to the internet and a basic set of Google skills, if not some research-literacy. If this isn’t the case, I again am more than happy to help. Many if not all of these books you can find online for free, and I’ve more than once dug up a link to a PDF for someone when asked for (not demanded!) it.

But again: no scientific paper comes with full-text access to its entire bibliography, either. I’m at a loss why you would expect this from a Tumblr post.

#are people no longer taught what the index is for?

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spinnovations · 3 years

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Week 2 - Colonialism Research

‘cottagecore moodboard’ by user raspberrymornings on tumblr

The Problem with Cottagecore

The ‘cottagecore aesthetic’ is described by Wikipedia as being an ‘internet fashion aesthetic’, as well as a Gen Z subculture, that celebrates an idealised rural life, simple living, and traditional skills and crafts such as baking, cooking, pottery and sewing. Its soft, sunny images of jam jars, lambs and white picket fences are peaceful and comforting - the prospect of swapping the rapid pace and grey smog of a capitalist hellscape for peaceful country living is an enticing one.

I definitely have an appreciation for this aesthetic - I’ve never felt closer to some kind of god than I do when I bake a cake from scratch, I coo over videos of farm animals on the internet, and I want nothing more than to roam about the idyllic, fantasy-like farm retreat built for the queen in Sophia Coppola’s 2006 film ‘Marie Antoinette’. I know that a large reason I chose Nairn Street Cottage as my site to focus was because of my affinity for the aesthetic - I knew it would mean I could easily incorporate my favourite mediums of collage and needlework, and that I’d enjoy researching it because of my passion for history.

However, I want to ensure that I am not blindly romanticising the home and lifestyle of the Wallis family settlers, and ignoring the darker political history at play.

A desire to lead a wholesome existence and be more in-tune with nature is not inherently bad - however an uncritical appreciation of the cottagecore aesthetic can lead to a romanticisation of settler colonialism - because the practice of establishing rural dwellings is largely connected to the legacy of homesteading and farming on stolen Indigenous land (Ollivain). This aesthetic that promotes a life of self-sufficiency in rejection of the city carries with it the colonial assumption that land is “up for grabs”, as well as the danger of encroaching on indigenous country when Traditional Owners are not consulted (Ollivain).

“Fighting for Indigenous liberation and being conscious of whose land we are on is something we should all strive to do and we must be open to criticism; lest we allow our escapist fantasies divert us from the important work of transforming reality” (Ollivain).

Colonialism in New Zealand

- Māori originated with settlers from eastern Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of waka voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. By the time the first Europeans arrived, Māori had settled the land, every corner of which came within the interest and influence of a tribal (iwi) or sub-tribal (hapū) grouping (A History).

- After Abel Tasman became the first European explorer to reach New Zealand, it would be another 127 years before the next recorded encounter between European and Māori - British explorers arrived first, with French not far behind (A History).

- Over the next 60 years contact grew, with majority of interactions between Māori and Europeans passing without incident - but when things did turn violent, much was made about the killings of Europeans, with little mention about the considerable loss of Māori life that did occur (A History).

- Whalers and sealers made regular visits to the colony, and by the 1830′s the British government had decided to “curb the lawlessness” of the land and establish a colony (Alves). In 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed by more than five hundred chiefs. The Treaty is a highly contentious document that still carries a lot of weight in present-day politics - briefly, both the English and Maori versions stipulated different things: the former mandated that the Crown would have full control over New Zealand’s territories, while the latter indicated that Maori would have full sovereignty over their tribal lands (Alves). These deviations led to a series of conflicts and forceful land grabs by the British (Alves).

- The Wallis family arrived in New Zealand in 1857. Seventeen years earlier, in 1840, was when the first settler ship - the Aurora - arrived in Petone (European). The town was named for the Duke of Wellington, winner of the 1815 battle of Waterloo, and was part of the New Zealand Company’s systematic model of colonisation (European). By the end of the year, 1200 settlers had arrived in Wellington (European).

- In 1859, Governor Thomas Gore Brown’s purchased a disputed block of land at Waitara, which set the government on a collision course with the Kīngitanga movement. The government interpreted the Kīngitanga response as a challenge to the Crown's authority - Governor Gore Browne succeeded in bringing 3500 Imperial troops from the Australian colonies to quash this perceived challenge, and within four years a total of 9,000 British troops had arrived in New Zealand, assisted by more than 4,000 colonial and kūpapa (pro-government Māori) fighters as the government sought a decisive victory over the "rebel" Māori. The use of a punitive land confiscation policy from 1865, depriving "rebel" Māori of the means of living, fuelled further Māori anger and resentment, fanning the flames of conflict in Taranaki (1863–1866) and on the east coast (1865–1866).

- In the period between the first European landings and the First World War, New Zealand was transformed from an exclusively Māori world into one in which Pākehā dominated numerically, politically, socially and economically (A History).

Effects of Colonisation on Māori

- A major decline in life expectancy - from about 30 years before European contact to 25 for men and 23 for women in 1891 (Pool).

- A major population decline - from around 100,000 in 1769 to 42,000 at its lowest point in 1896 (Pool).

- Impact of introduced diseases - this was the major reason for the population decrease, and had devastating results. The decline began accelerating after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, as settlers began arriving in greater numbers (Pool).

- A loss of land - The influx of settlers led to a demand for land, and from the 1840s Māori were under great pressure to sell their ancestral territories (Pool). Loss of Māori land – through confiscation following the 1860s wars, Crown purchase and the Native Land Court – led to the displacement of large numbers of Māori (Pool). Deprived of their land, tribes were in many instances reduced to poverty, with no option but to live in overcrowded and unhygienic conditions (Pool). Losing land, they also lost access to traditional food sources (Pool). Lack of resources, overcrowding and poor diet helped disease to take hold and spread (Pool).

Nairn Street Land

- The land around Pukeahu was occupied by ngakinga (gardens) for the Te Akatarewa pā. This was a major pā for the Ngāi Tara iwi, so they developed numerous garden sites, including on Pukeahu. Ngā Kumikumi clearing was an old cultivation area in the bush around what is now lower Nairn Street. Nearby, around Central Park, was the Te Āti Awa kāinga (village) known as Moe-i-te-rā or Moe-rā (Pukeahu).

- There are few, if any, known wāhi tapu (places of spiritual significance to Māori) directly on Pukeahu. However, because of its height and proximity to Te Akatarewa pā, it is likely that burials were conducted somewhere on the site (Pukeahu).

- Te Aro pā was established around the 1820s, and covered about 2 hectares in the 1840s. It was divided in two, with Ngāti Ruanui people living in the eastern end and Taranaki people at the western end. As Wellington grew, British colonists called for the pā to be sold. The residents resisted, but the settlers forced the issue and by 1870 it had been subdivided and sold. In 2005, archaeologists uncovered the remains of three huts ( Norman).

- On a map of the courses of Wellington streams from 1940 - 1949, an un-named stream is marked running from the vicinity of Nairn Street via Cuba Street to Te Aro (Wellington Streams). The Te Aro Pa site at the mouth of this stream is marked (Wellington Streams).

I can’t seem to find any information online regarding the stream that would have run across the Nairn Street Cottage section - I will look into this further, as I’d like to know its name if I could, and its significance if it had any. In the Māori at Pukeahu article, it mentions a swamp in the vicinity, which was a mahinga kai (food-gathering area), where eels and other fish from the swamp streams were gathered - it could well have been one of those streams. In Māori culture, many tribes directly or indirectly consider water as the source or foundation of all life - in this case, the stream would have been important for sustaining life and providing nourishment.

Bibliography:

Alves, Thalita. “The Story of Colonisation in New Zealand.” Culture Trip, 28 June 2018, theculturetrip.com/pacific/new-zealand/articles/the-story-of-colonisation-in-new-zealand/.

“A History of New Zealand 1769-1914.” NZ History, nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/history-of-new-zealand-1769-1914.

“Courses of the Wellington Streams.” National Library , natlib.govt.nz/records/22612149.

“European Settlers Arrive in Wellington.” NZ History, nzhistory.govt.nz/wellington-anniversary-day.

“Māori at Pukeahu.” Māori at Pukeahu, mch.govt.nz/pukeahu/park/pukeahu-history-4.

Norman, Edmund. “Te Aro Pā.” Te Ara , Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga, 20 Oct. 2015, teara.govt.nz/en/artwork/13194/te-aro-pa.

Ollivain, Claire. “Cottagecore, Colonialism and the Far-Right.” Honi Soit, 8 Sept. 2020, honisoit.com/2020/09/cottagecore-colonialism-and-the-far-right/.

Pool, Ian. “Effects of Colonisation on Māori.” Te Ara Encyclopedia , Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga, 2 Feb. 2018, teara.govt.nz/en/death-rates-and-life-expectancy/page-4.

#Week 2 #Research

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