#metriorhynchoidea

[typhlonectes]

A new early diverging thalattosuchian (Crocodylomorpha) from the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of Dorset, U.K. and implications for the origin and evolution of the group

Eric W. Wilberg,Pedro L. Godoy,Elizabeth F. Griffiths,Alan H. Turner &Roger B. J. Benson

ABSTRACT

Among archosaurs, thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs experienced the most extensive adaptations to the marine realm. Despite significant attention, the phylogenetic position of the group remains uncertain. Thalattosuchians are either the sister-group to Crocodyliformes, basal mesoeucrocodylians, or nest among longirostrine neosuchians. 

The earliest definite thalattosuchians are Toarcian, and already possess many synapomorphies of the group. All phylogenetic hypotheses imply a ghost lineage extending at least to the Sinemurian, and a lack of older or more plesiomorphic forms may contribute to the uncertain phylogenetic placement of the group. 

Here we describe a new species, Turnersuchus hingleyae, gen. et sp. nov., from the early Pliensbachian Belemnite Marl Member of the Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Dorset, U.K.). The specimen includes partially articulated cranial, mandibular, axial, and appendicular elements. It can be attributed to Thalattosuchia based on the following features: distinct fossa on the posterolateral corner of the squamosal; broad ventrolateral process of the otoccipital covering the dorsal surface of the quadrate; large supratemporal fenestrae lacking a flattened skull table; broadly exposed prootic; orbital process of quadrate lacking bony attachment with the braincase. This specimen represents the earliest thalattosuchian currently known from diagnostic material. 

Phylogenetic analyses of two published datasets recover Turnersuchus as the earliest diverging thalattosuchian, and sister to Teleosauroidea��+ Metriorhynchoidea. Bayesian tip-dating analyses suggest a Rhaetian or Sinemurian divergence of Thalattosuchia from other crocodylomorphs, depending on topology, with confidence intervals spanning from the Norian to the Pliensbachian. 

The new specimen extends the fossil record of Thalattosuchia, but the time-scaling analyses demonstrate that a significant ghost lineage remains.

Read the paper here:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2022.2161909

#thalattosuchian #crocodylomorph #archosaur #prehistoric #reptile #animals #nature #fossils #UK

[artbyconnorross]

The first ever restoration of this genus so far as I know. Zoneait is the oldest known metriorhynchoid, though not the most basal, as it is more derived than Eoneustes and Teleidosaurus. Described in 2015, Zoneait showed palaeontologists how metriorhynchoids evolved; as the humerus was more than twice as long as the ulna, it showed how these would eventually be shortened into fins. Zoneait also shows other basal features, as the digits have not fused together into fins as yet, but shows more derived features as well; eyes aligned on the side of the head rather than towards the top, and the presence of salt glands. References: -en.wikipedia.org -"A new metriorhynchoid (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the Middle Jurassic of Oregon and the evolutionary timing of marine adaptations in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs", Eric Wilberg. (http://www.mediafire.com/file/dyb44g6ypzbbtd8/A_new_metriorhynchoid_%28Crocodylomorpha%2C_Thalattosuchia%29_from_the_Middle_Jurassic_of_Oregon.pdf) -Skeletal mounts of Metriorhynchus and other forms for reference towards the back half

#zoneait #metriorhynchoidea #metriorhynchus #metriorhynchidae #thalattosuchia #crocodiles #crurotarsi #archosaurs #archosauromorpha #paleoart #paleo #paleoblr #palaeoblr #jurassic #aalenian #oregon #usa #midjurassic #middle jurassic #bajocian

[inhandnetworks-blog]

Jurassic Fossil Links An cellular router vendor  cient Crocodiles With Dolphin-Like Animals

www.inhandnetworks.com

This is an artist’s impression of Magyarosuchus fitosi. Credit_Márton Szabó

A 180 million-year-old fossil has shed light on how some ancient crocodiles evolved into dolphin-like animals.

The specimen – featuring a large portion of backbone – represents a missing link in the family tree of crocodiles, and was one of the largest coastal predators of the Jurassic Period, researchers say.

Ancient predator

The newly discovered speciespower line sensor was nearly five meters long and had large, pointed teeth for grasping prey. It also shared key body features seen in two distinct families of prehistoric crocodiles, the team says.

Some Jurassic-era crocodiles had bony armor on their backs and bellies, and limbs adapted for walking on land. Another group had tail fins and flippers but did not have armor.

The new species was heavily armoured but also had a tail fin, suggesting it is a missing link between the two groups, researchers say.

These are fragments of pelvis. Attila Osi

Hungarian fossil

It has been named Magyarosuchus fitosi in honour of the amateur collector who discovered it, Attila Fitos.

The fossil – unearthed on a mountain range in north-west Hungary in 1996 and stored in a museum in Budapest – was examined by a team of palaeontologists, including an Edinburgh researcher.

It was identified as a new species based on the discovery of an odd-looking vertebra that formed part of its tail fin.

The study, published in the journal PeerJ, also involved researchers in Hungary and Germany. It was supported by the Leverhulme Trust and the SYNTHESYS project, part of the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Program.

This is a fragment of left mandible. Attila Osi

Dr Mark Young, of the University of Edinburgh’s School of GeoSciences, who was LTE router  involved in the study, said: “This fossil provides a unique insight into how crocodiles began evolving into dolphin and killer whale-like forms more than 180 millio Smart Vending  n years ago. The presence of both bony armour and a tail fin highlights the remarkable diversity of Jurassic-era crocodiles.”

Publication: Attila Ősi, et al., “A new large-bodied thalattosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Hungary, with further evidence of the mosaic acquisition of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea,” PeerJ, 2018; doi:10.7717/peerj.4668

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[typhlonectes]

Magyarosuchus fitosi • A New Large-bodied Thalattosuchian Crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Hungary

Based on associated and three-dimensionally preserved cranial and postcranial remains, a new thalattosuchian crocodyliform, Magyarosuchus fitosi gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Jurassic (Upper Toarcian) Kisgerecse Marl Formation, Gerecse Mountains, Hungary is described here. 

Phylogenetic analyses using three different datasets indicate that M. fitosi is the sister taxon of Pelagosaurus typus forming together the basal-most sub-clade of Metriorhynchoidea. With an estimated body length of 4.67–4.83 m M. fitosi is the largest known non-metriorhynchid metriorhynchoid.

Besides expanding Early Jurassic thalattosuchian diversity, the new specimen is of great importance since, unlike most contemporaneous estuarine, lagoonal or coastal thalattosuchians, it comes from an ‘ammonitico rosso’ type pelagic deposit of the Mediterranean region of the Tethys.

A distal caudal vertebra having an unusually elongate and dorsally projected neural spine implies the presence of at least a rudimentary hypocercal tail fin and a slight ventral displacement of the distal caudal vertebral column in this basal metriorhynchoid. The combination of retaining heavy dorsal and ventral armors and having a slight hypocercal tail is unique, further highlighting the mosaic manner of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea...

Read more: NovaTaxa - Species New to Science

Source: DOI: doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4668

#Thalattosuchian #crocodyliform #prehistoric #reptile #animals #science #ocean #evolution