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evoldir · 5 years

Text

Postdoc: SorbonneU.EvolutionaryBiology

Dear all, Please find below an opportunity for a postdoc position for 24 months at iEES Paris in Chemical Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Mission A post-doc position is available in the Chemoreception and adaptation team (http://bit.ly/2BC40Rr). Our group is mainly interested in dissecting the mechanisms of olfactory reception in insects and in understanding their evolution in a changing environment. In moths, reproductive success largely depends on mate recognition through the detection of species-specific bouquets of air-borne chemicals called pheromones. The diversification of pheromone signals has likely played a key role in the extensive radiation observed in moths as it seems to be one of the main mechanisms responsible for the evolution of reproductive isolation. Recently we have identified genes underlying pheromone reception in pest moths of the genus Spodoptera, but gene families involved in pheromone production remain poorly studied. Studying the evolution of these genes is crucial to understand how pheromone communication can evolve and participate in reproductive isolation. Activity The candidate will use standard molecular biology and bioinformatics analyses in order to identify genes potentially involved in pheromone production, and characterize their expression patterns (using RT-qPCR) in 4 species of the genus Spodoptera. The candidate will also use biochemistry approaches (yeast transformation, GS-MS analyses) to determine the substrate specificity of candidate enzymes that may be responsible for the evolution of pheromone blends. Skills We are seeking a highly motivated candidate holding a PhD in Life Sciences, and with a strong interest for evolutionary biology. Experience in biochemistry and in molecular biology is mandatory, and a background in bioinformatics would be a plus. The candidate should have strong communication and organization skills, and be fluent in English. Context The post-doc position is available in the sensory ecology department of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris. This department involves 10 researchers from Sorbonne University (Paris) and Inra (Versailles), and uses a unique combination of know-how, including bioinformatics, functional genomics, molecular genetics, biochemistry, physico-chemistry, neuroanatomy, imaging, electrophysiology, ethology and modeling, developing approaches from genes to fields, from neurons to biophysical models, from individuals to populations. The lab will provide all the bench equipment and facilities required for the project, which is funded by an ANR grant. Contact The formal selection process will start early 2019. The contract should start before spring 2019. The term of this post is 24 months. CV and motivation letter should be send to [email protected] and [email protected] Camille MESLIN-AUCLAIR Charge de recherche / Researcher iEES Paris, Dpartement Ecosens [email protected] Tl. : +33 (0) 1 30 83 31 64 Fax : +33 (0) 1 30 83 31 19 INRA de Versailles-Grignon Route de Saint-Cyr - RD 10 78026 Versailles Cedex - France http://bit.ly/1nQHjdt Camille Meslin via Gmail

#EvolDir

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e-kawantani · 3 years

Photo

Suren (Toona sureni)

a. Taksonomi

Kingdom: Plantae

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta

Superdivisi: Spermatophyta

Divisi: Magnoliophyta

Kelas: Magnoliopsida

Subkelas: Rosidae

Ordo: Sapindales

Famili: Meliaceae

Genus: Toona

Spesies: Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.[3]

b. Karakteristik:

Suren merupakan tanaman berbentuk pohon dengan batang lurus, tidak bercabang, dan tinggi mencapai 60 m. kulit batang suren kasar, pecah-pecah, dan berwarna coklat. Daun suren berbentuk oval, berukuran 10-15 cm, dan memiliki susunan tulang daun menyirip. Buah berbentuk oval dan berwarna coklat tua kusam, sedangkan bunga berbentuk malai di ujung pohon (terminal) [1]

c. Habitat & Penyebaran:

Suren tumbuh pada daerah tebing dengan ketinggian 600-2.700 mdpl dan suhu sekitar 22oC. ciri khas tanaman ini adalah berbau harum khas apabila bagian daun atau buah diremas dan bila bagian batang dilukai atau ditebang. [1]

d. Kandungan kimia :

Senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam suren antara lain surenon, surenin dan surenolakton [4]

e. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan :

Daun [2]

f. Cara kerja :

Penghambat pertumbuhan (growth regulator), penghambat makan, penolak (repellent), bersifat sebagai insektisisda.[4]

g. Bahan dan alat :

500 gram daun suren segar, air, alat penumbuk/ blender, saringan. [2]

h. Cara Penggunaan :

Daun suren sebanyak 500 gram ditambahkan 500 mL air atau perbandingan 1:1 kemudian dihaluskan, sehingga didapatkan konsentrasi ekstrak 100%. Ekstrak yang didapatkan tersebut disaring menggunakan saringan kasa, kemudian disimpan dalam ruang gelap selama 24 jam. Penyimpanan larutan ekstrak dalam ruang gelap bertujuan agar senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak tersebut tidak mudah terdegradasi. Penyimpanan larutan ekstrak selama 24 jam bertujuan untuk memisahkan endapan yang terdapat dalam ekstrak. Penyemprotan ekstrak daun suren pada tanaman dilakukan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 6,25 %. [2]

i. OPT sasaran :

Ulat grayak [2]

Sumber :

[1] Atika Mayang Sari. 2019. Monograf Biofarmaka untuk Penanganan Diabetes Melitus. PT Penerbit IPB Press

[2] Noviana, Estri, Sholahudin, Sri Widadi. 2011. Uji Potensi Ekstrak Daun Suren (Toona sureni) sebagai Insektisida Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura) pada Tanaman Kedelai. Biofarmasi Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 46-53

[3] Plantamor. 2021. Toona sureni. Diakses melalui : http://plantamor.com/species/info/toona/sureni pada 6 Juli 2021

[4] W. Setiawati, R. Murtiningsih, N. Gunaeni, dan T. Rubiati. 2008. Tumbuhan Bahan Pestisida Nabati dan Cara Pembuatannya untuk Pengendalian Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (OPT). Prima tani Balitsa. Bandung

Gambar :

https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/50943948/large.jpeg?1568136768

#ulat grayak

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monicamathis001 · 3 years

Text

Is there a Plant-based Treatment for Malaria?

Introduction

Approximately 210 million people get infected with malaria, and close to 440,000 people die from the disease. These numbers affect mostly young children in Africa, and currently, no vaccine has been approved for human use for malaria. The gravity of the situation is clear, for it only takes an infected mosquito to bite and transmit the parasite to numerous people. Preventative measures are key and organizations such as the World Health Organization, chooses to remind individuals in the tropical and subtropical countries to wear protective clothing, set up bed nets at night and use insect repellents. But there are medicines that are currently used as part of the treatment for the disease, which are effective (when diagnosed correctly), even though there is no official vaccine (“Malaria”).

Malaria, AKA the “King of Diseases”, is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and the most serious type of it known as Plasmodium falciparum. There are other human species as well, such as P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. The need for effective and practical diagnosis is increasing, especially since it is a global issue. To do this, diagnosis needs to be more streamlined and for that, it is important that early symptoms are caught at the right moment, especially since they are very nonspecific and variable (Tangpukdee).

______________________________________________________________________________

Symptoms

Earliest symptoms - make it hard to diagnose and can be overlapping with other viral or bacterial infections (Tangpukdee). These are considered as the more common combination of symptoms:

Fever

Headache

Myalgia

Chills and weakness

Abdominal pain

Diarrhea

Nausea

Vomiting

Malaria “attacks”: some individuals can experience these “attacks” that begin with shivering and chills, followed by high fever, then sweating, then back to normal temperature (“Malaria”). These are considered the stages for the classical malaria attack, as written by the CDC, and lasts for about 6-10 hours.

Serious, severe malaria occurs when organ complications come into play and failures or abnormalities in the blood or metabolism are observed. According to the CDC, here are the following manifestations:

Cerebral malaria

Abnormal behavior

Impairment of consciousness

Seizures

Coma

Other neurological abnormalities

Severe anemia due to destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)

Can lead to hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria) as a result.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

It is an inflammatory reaction in the lungs that basically inhibits oxygen exchange, which is what our lungs are responsible for.

This could occur even after parasite counts have decreased after treatment

Low blood pressure due to cardiovascular system collapse

Acute kidney journey

Excessive acidity in the blood and tissue fluids - Metabolic acidosis

Low blood glucose - Hypoglycemia (can also occur in pregnant women with uncomplicated malaria)

Hyperparasitemia

When more than 5% of the RBCs are infected by malaria parasites

**There are many strains of the parasite and these symptoms are from the common strains observed.**

Malaria Relapses: within P. vivax and P. ovale infections, patients who may have recovered the first time around can suffer from additional attacks - “relapses” - after months or even years without symptoms. These relapses occur due to P.vivax and P. ovale have parasites (“hypnozoites”) that can remain dormant in your liver and can reactivate later. There are treatments to reduce these relapses and should follow the treatment of the first attack (“CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Disease”).

______________________________________________________________________________

Treatment

Maximum drug effects, as observed, were between 18-24 hrs of parasite development; once again, showing the importance of early diagnosis. Increase in parasitic metabolic activity correlated with decreased drug sensitivity.

Chloroquine (CQ)

Quinine (QN)

Artemisinin (AR)

Sodium artelinate (SA)

AR and its related compounds produced the most rapid parasitic clearance, followed by CQ and then QN. Basically, the artemisinin compounds, which behaved similarly, “had an overall broader time window of antimalarial effect than either CQ or QN ''(Terkuile, 91). In severe malaria cases, artemisinin derivatives also showed greater likelihood of inhibiting parasite cycle than other drugs.

CQ shows the most rapid onset of action out of the four drugs by inhibiting the parasite’s protein and nucleic acid synthesis. In contrast, there is a lag time of 1-4 hours before AR compounds begin to show any of the measurable effects, but after this, the reaction is very rapid as compared to CQ and QN.

Based on this information, the delayed activity of AR and SA would be in favor for those with blood concentrations that were constant or above the concentration that inhibited parasite activity (or the inhibitory concentration) for several hours. Basically, these drugs are stage dependent and thus, the stage of infection will dictate which drug is best fit (Terkuile, 92).

______________________________________________________________________________

Plant Based Treatment

Based on an assessment conducted by Alshawsh et al., the following information provides an overview of some Yemeni Medicinal plants that have antimalarial properties (specifically against Plasmodium falciparum).

The following medicinal extracts are commonly used in Yemen by traditional healers and the study conducted evaluated their behavior against isolates of Plasmodium falciparum, in vitro (not in a biological setting, isolated).

The IC50 of a medicine is the concentration of the medication in the blood that can inhibit the replication of the malarial parasite. It is the concentration at which 50% of the parasitic replication will be inhibited (“Concentration”). A low concentration indicates that less of the medication is needed to have an effect, thus implying the efficiency of the product.

Out of the 6 plants, there were three that were found to have significant positive effects with their IC50 value being less than 4 microgram/ml.

This table shows all the medicines lined up and compared with the SMI or inhibition rate of the parasite of Chloroquine, which is a widely used drug for malaria. Among all of the medicines, only Acalypha fruticosa, Azadirachta indica, and Dendrosicyos socotrana showed any inhibition against parasite growth.

Acalypha fruticose

Traditional Uses: Antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antibacterial.

Active components: Tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 1.6 microgram/ml

Azadirachta indica

Traditional Uses: Antimalarial, fever, digestive disturbances, skin problems, general fatigue, intestinal parasites, diabetes, fungal infections, inflammatory diseases.

Active components: Flavonoids, terpenoids Polysaccharides, proteins, tannins

IC50 = 2.0 microgram/ml

Dendrosicyos socotrana

Traditional uses: Urinary retention, cystitis, symptoms of diabetes, problems with the liver and burns, constipation

Active components: Terpenoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 2.3 microgram/ml

Based on the commonalities within the active components, the presence of tannins, polysaccharides and proteins in the aqueous extracts (Table 2), might have been responsible for the antiplasmodial (against malaria, stemming from the genus Plasmodium) activity of those products(Alshawsh).

Another plant based on West African Plants, conducted by Zirihi et al., researched 33 plant extracts and found certain plants that have been described with having antiplasmodial activity – which is what we are looking for in medications (Zirihi, G.N.).

The root extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria (IC50 = 2.5 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-10)

Important medicinal plant used for many illnesses such as neuropsychiatry disorders, jaundice, gastro-intestinal, measles, and more.

The stem bark extract of Funtumia elastica (IC50 = 3.3 micrograms/ml, SI >15)

Traditionally used for the treatment of haemorrhoids

The stem bark extract of Fagara macrophylla (IC50 = 2.3 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-12)

Has a potent “antifeedant activity” (naturally occurring substance in the plant that causes an unfavorable reaction in the organism that consumes it) against the larvae of both Spodoptera frugiperdaand Spodoptera littoralis (species of moth)

Hypothesized that these substances also make the plant have antiplasmoidial activity.

Work Cited

Alshawsh, Mohammed A et al. “Assessment of antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and phytochemical screening of some Yemeni medicinal plants.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 6,4 (2009): 453-6. doi:10.1093/ecam/nem148

“CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 Jan. 2019, www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html.

“Concentration.” The Free Dictionary, Farlex,

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/concentration.

“Malaria.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 Dec. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184.

Tangpukdee, Noppadon et al. “Malaria diagnosis: a brief review.” The Korean journal of parasitology vol. 47,2 (2009): 93-102. doi:10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93

Terkuile, F., et al. “Plasmodium Falciparum: In Vitro Studies of the Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs Used for the Treatment of Severe Malaria.” Experimental Parasitology, vol. 76, no. 1, 1993, pp. 85–95., doi:10.1006/expr.1993.1010.

Zirihi, G. N., Mambu, L., Guédé-Guina, F., Bodo, B., & Grellier, P. (2005). In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of 33 West African plants used for treatment of malaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98(3), 281-285. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.004

source https://www.nutrav.com/blogs/news/is-there-a-plant-based-treatment-for-malaria source https://nutravllc.blogspot.com/2020/11/is-there-plant-based-treatment-for.html

#Natural Wellness #Wellness #Lifestyle #Immune Boost #Anti Aging #Supplements

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kimberlywoodson002 · 3 years

Text

Is there a Plant-based Treatment for Malaria?

Introduction

______________________________________________________________________________

Symptoms

Earliest symptoms – make it hard to diagnose and can be overlapping with other viral or bacterial infections (Tangpukdee). These are considered as the more common combination of symptoms:

Fever

Headache

Myalgia

Chills and weakness

Abdominal pain

Diarrhea

Nausea

Vomiting

Cerebral malaria

Abnormal behavior

Impairment of consciousness

Seizures

Coma

Other neurological abnormalities

Severe anemia due to destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)

Can lead to hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria) as a result.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

It is an inflammatory reaction in the lungs that basically inhibits oxygen exchange, which is what our lungs are responsible for.

This could occur even after parasite counts have decreased after treatment

Low blood pressure due to cardiovascular system collapse

Acute kidney journey

Excessive acidity in the blood and tissue fluids – Metabolic acidosis

Low blood glucose – Hypoglycemia (can also occur in pregnant women with uncomplicated malaria)

Hyperparasitemia

When more than 5% of the RBCs are infected by malaria parasites

**There are many strains of the parasite and these symptoms are from the common strains observed.**

Malaria Relapses: within P. vivax and P. ovale infections, patients who may have recovered the first time around can suffer from additional attacks – “relapses” – after months or even years without symptoms. These relapses occur due to P.vivax and P. ovale have parasites (“hypnozoites”) that can remain dormant in your liver and can reactivate later. There are treatments to reduce these relapses and should follow the treatment of the first attack (“CDC – Malaria – About Malaria – Disease”).

______________________________________________________________________________

Treatment

Chloroquine (CQ)

Quinine (QN)

Artemisinin (AR)

Sodium artelinate (SA)

AR and its related compounds produced the most rapid parasitic clearance, followed by CQ and then QN. Basically, the artemisinin compounds, which behaved similarly, “had an overall broader time window of antimalarial effect than either CQ or QN ”(Terkuile, 91). In severe malaria cases, artemisinin derivatives also showed greater likelihood of inhibiting parasite cycle than other drugs.

______________________________________________________________________________

Plant Based Treatment

Out of the 6 plants, there were three that were found to have significant positive effects with their IC50 value being less than 4 microgram/ml.

Acalypha fruticose

Traditional Uses: Antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antibacterial.

Active components: Tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 1.6 microgram/ml

Azadirachta indica

Traditional Uses: Antimalarial, fever, digestive disturbances, skin problems, general fatigue, intestinal parasites, diabetes, fungal infections, inflammatory diseases.

Active components: Flavonoids, terpenoids Polysaccharides, proteins, tannins

IC50 = 2.0 microgram/ml

Dendrosicyos socotrana

Traditional uses: Urinary retention, cystitis, symptoms of diabetes, problems with the liver and burns, constipation

Active components: Terpenoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 2.3 microgram/ml

The root extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria (IC50 = 2.5 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-10)

Important medicinal plant used for many illnesses such as neuropsychiatry disorders, jaundice, gastro-intestinal, measles, and more.

The stem bark extract of Funtumia elastica (IC50 = 3.3 micrograms/ml, SI >15)

Traditionally used for the treatment of haemorrhoids

The stem bark extract of Fagara macrophylla (IC50 = 2.3 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-12)

Hypothesized that these substances also make the plant have antiplasmoidial activity.

Work Cited

“CDC – Malaria – About Malaria – Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 Jan. 2019, www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html.

“Concentration.” The Free Dictionary, Farlex,

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/concentration.

“Malaria.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 Dec. 2018, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184.

Tangpukdee, Noppadon et al. “Malaria diagnosis: a brief review.” The Korean journal of parasitology vol. 47,2 (2009): 93-102. doi:10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93

source https://www.nutrav.com/blogs/news/is-there-a-plant-based-treatment-for-malaria

source https://nutravllc.wordpress.com/2020/11/18/is-there-a-plant-based-treatment-for-malaria/

#Natural Wellness #Wellness #Lifestyle #Immune Boost #Anti Aging #Supplements

0 notes

nutravllc · 3 years

Text

Is there a Plant-based Treatment for Malaria?

Introduction

______________________________________________________________________________

Symptoms

Earliest symptoms - make it hard to diagnose and can be overlapping with other viral or bacterial infections (Tangpukdee). These are considered as the more common combination of symptoms:

Fever

Headache

Myalgia

Chills and weakness

Abdominal pain

Diarrhea

Nausea

Vomiting

Cerebral malaria

Abnormal behavior

Impairment of consciousness

Seizures

Coma

Other neurological abnormalities

Severe anemia due to destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)

Can lead to hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria) as a result.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

It is an inflammatory reaction in the lungs that basically inhibits oxygen exchange, which is what our lungs are responsible for.

This could occur even after parasite counts have decreased after treatment

Low blood pressure due to cardiovascular system collapse

Acute kidney journey

Excessive acidity in the blood and tissue fluids - Metabolic acidosis

Low blood glucose - Hypoglycemia (can also occur in pregnant women with uncomplicated malaria)

Hyperparasitemia

When more than 5% of the RBCs are infected by malaria parasites

**There are many strains of the parasite and these symptoms are from the common strains observed.**

______________________________________________________________________________

Treatment

Chloroquine (CQ)

Quinine (QN)

Artemisinin (AR)

Sodium artelinate (SA)

______________________________________________________________________________

Plant Based Treatment

Out of the 6 plants, there were three that were found to have significant positive effects with their IC50 value being less than 4 microgram/ml.

Acalypha fruticose

Traditional Uses: Antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antibacterial.

Active components: Tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 1.6 microgram/ml

Azadirachta indica

Traditional Uses: Antimalarial, fever, digestive disturbances, skin problems, general fatigue, intestinal parasites, diabetes, fungal infections, inflammatory diseases.

Active components: Flavonoids, terpenoids Polysaccharides, proteins, tannins

IC50 = 2.0 microgram/ml

Dendrosicyos socotrana

Traditional uses: Urinary retention, cystitis, symptoms of diabetes, problems with the liver and burns, constipation

Active components: Terpenoids, proteins, polysaccharides

IC50 = 2.3 microgram/ml

The root extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria (IC50 = 2.5 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-10)

Important medicinal plant used for many illnesses such as neuropsychiatry disorders, jaundice, gastro-intestinal, measles, and more.

The stem bark extract of Funtumia elastica (IC50 = 3.3 micrograms/ml, SI >15)

Traditionally used for the treatment of haemorrhoids

The stem bark extract of Fagara macrophylla (IC50 = 2.3 micrograms/ml, SI = 9-12)

Hypothesized that these substances also make the plant have antiplasmoidial activity.

Work Cited

“CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 Jan. 2019, www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html.

“Concentration.” The Free Dictionary, Farlex,

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/concentration.

“Malaria.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 Dec. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184.

Tangpukdee, Noppadon et al. “Malaria diagnosis: a brief review.” The Korean journal of parasitology vol. 47,2 (2009): 93-102. doi:10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93

source https://www.nutrav.com/blogs/news/is-there-a-plant-based-treatment-for-malaria

#Natural Wellness #Wellness #Lifestyle #Immune Boost #Anti Aging #Supplements

0 notes

onenicebugperday · 7 months

Photo

@mistresstaru submitted: Found this caterpillar on my walk in South Jersey. What’s he going to turn into?

Looks like probably an armyworm moth in the genus Spodoptera. Couldn’t say which species, though. They tend to be little brown moths with funky markings :)

#insects #bugs #submission #noctuidae #moth #caterpillar #larva #armyworm #Spodoptera

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calosoma-amitch · 6 years

Photo

“any idea what kind of guy this is? Found him on my leeks from the farmers market and that seems to be his favorite food. Since this picture he’s gotten much longer and fatter! He’s from the Canadian martimes here on the east coast “

This looks like one of our armyworms (Genus Spodoptera), a group of moths that are found throughout the US and into southern Canada. As caterpillars, they can feed on a wide variety of plants, and some are considered major crop pests (corns, crucifers, cucurbits, legumes, peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes, just to name a few). The name “armyworm” comes from the mass numbers of caterpillars that used to “march” out of agricultural fields following their feeding. I’d hazard a guess that this caterpillar might be a Yellow-striped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli ), but young instars (molts) are super difficult to ID. If the caterpillar gets any bigger, see if you can get some pictures! Thanks for sharing!

Photograph and submission by: katzjimjam http://katzjimjam.tumblr.com

#insecta #lepidoptera #noctuidae #noctuinae #spodoptera #armyworm #caterpillar #entomology #submission

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rattyexplores · 3 years

Photo

𝑼𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

I do have two possible species though, I might as well take up two index entries. Both species are from the Spodoptera genus

𝑺𝒑𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒂

“African Armyworm”

Order Lepidoptera Superfamily Noctuoidea Family Noctuidae “Cutworms, Armyworms, Whistling Moths, Underwings” Subfamily Acronictinae

The Adult moth has a complex array of brown patterning, mimicking wheat/grass seeds (As you can see above) The wingspan is about 3CM.

The Larval stage (has yet to be photographed) is a pale green, with two striped patterns vertical striped patterns in a darker shade of green, and a black head. The later instars become brown.

The Larvae feeds on:

Brachiaria mutica “Para Grass”

Oryza sativa “Rice”

Paspalum dilatatum “Dallisgrass”

Pennisetum clandestinum “Kikuyu”

Saccharum officinarum “Sugar Cane”

Sorghum bicolor “Sorghum”

This species is found in these Australian states:

Q.L.D

W.A

N.T

N.S.W

Along with these Countries:

Africa (Presumably across the whole continent)

Hawaii

Japan

New Zealand

U.S.A

𝑺𝒑𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂

“Lawn Armyworm”

Order Lepidoptera Superfamily Noctuoidea Family Noctuidae “Cutworms, Armyworms, Whistling Moths, Underwings” Subfamily Acronictinae

The Adult moth Has practically the same patterns as the species listed above, however images I find show a subtle navy-blue tint.

The Larval stage (has yet to be photographed) Start off with smooth-skin and green longitudinal lines. The later instars become brown with two rows of black triangles along the back.

Like other Spodoptera caterpillars, when disturbed they drop, curl into a ball, and stay still.

The Larvae feeds on:

Cynodon species “Bermuda Grass”

Pennisetum clandestinum “Kikuyu”

Sorghum bicolor “Sorghum”

Oryza sativa “Rice”

This species is found in many Australian states/islands:

Q.L.D

N.S.W

N.T

W.A

Norfolk Island