hatdigidigidog - Tumblr blog

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Individual Women's Rhythmic Gymnastics | Rio 2016

Court Dimensions

They perform routines in 12 x 12 meter areas, accompanied by music (recorded or played by musician(s)).

Equipment

Hoop

A hoop may be made of plastic or wood, provided that it retains its shape during the routine. The hoop is chosen based on the gymnast's size and should not extend beyond the hip bone when placed standing up on the floor. The interior diameter is from 51 to 90 cm and the hoop must weigh a minimum of 300g. Children and hope divisions, a minimum of 225 grams.

The hoop may be of natural color or be partially or fully covered by one or several colors, and it may be covered with adhesive tape either of the same or different color as the hoop. Fundamental requirements of a hoop routine include rotation around the hand or body and rolling, as well as swings, circles, throws, and passes through and over the hoop.

Ball

It is made of either rubber or synthetic material (pliable plastic) provided it possesses the same elasticity as rubber. Senior and junior gymnasts is 18 to 20 cm in diameter and must have a minimum weight of 400g. The ball can be of any color. The ball should rest in the gymnast's hand and not rest against the wrist or be able to be grasped. Fundamental elements of a ball routine include throwing, bouncing or rolling. The gymnast must use both hands and work on the whole floor area whilst showing continuous flowing movement. The ball is to emphasize the gymnasts flowing lines and body difficulty. Before 2013, flexibility and waves were the Compulsory Body Movement Groups (dominant in the exercise).

Clubs

Senior and junior clubs must weight a minimum of 150 grams per club. Children's and hope age division's minimum weight should be 75 grams per club. Multi-piece clubs are the most popular clubs. The club is built along an internal rod, providing a base on which a handle made of polyolefin plastic is wrapped, providing an airspace between it and the internal rod. This airspace provides flex and cushioning impact, making the club softer on the hands. Foam ends and knobs further cushion the club. Multi-piece clubs are made in both a thin European style or larger bodied American style and in various lengths, generally ranging from 19 to 21 inches (480 to 530 millimetres). The handles and bodies are typically wrapped with decorative plastics and tapes. Clubs are thrown from alternate hands; each passes underneath the other clubs and is caught in the opposite hand to the one from which it was thrown. At its simplest, each club rotates once per throw, the handle moving down and away from the throwing hand at first. However, double and triple spins are frequently performed, allowing the club to be thrown higher for more advanced patterns and to allow tricks such as 360s (channes) to be performed underneath. Before 2013, balances were the Compulsory Body Movement Groups (dominant in the exercise).

Ribbon

It is made of satin or another similar material cloth of any color; it may be multi-colored and have designs on it. The ribbon itself must be at least 35 g (1.2 oz), 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4") in width and have a minimum length of 6m (20') for seniors and 5m (16.25') for juniors. The ribbon must be in one piece. The end that is attached to the stick is doubled for a maximum length of 1m (3'). This is stitched down both sides. At the top, a very thin reinforcement or rows of machine stitching for a maximum length of 5 cm is authorized. This extremity may end in a strap, or have an eyelet (a small hole, edged with a buttonhole stitch or metal circle), to permit attaching the ribbon. The ribbon is fixed to the stick by means of a supple attachment such as thread, nylon cord, or a series of articulated rings. The attachment has a maximum length of 7 cm (2.8"), not counting the strap or metal ring at the end of the stick where it will be fastened. Compulsory elements for the ribbon include flicks, circles, snakes and spirals, and throws. It requires a high degree of co-ordination to form the spirals and circles as any knots which may accidentally form in the ribbon are penalized. During a ribbon routine, large, smooth and flowing movements are looked for. The ribbon may not stop moving or else points are taken off. Before 2013, pivots were the Compulsory Body Movement Groups (dominant in the exercise).

Basic Skills

Rhythmic gymnastics routines also combines’ ballet, body skills and creative movements with music, while working with ribbons, balls, hoops, ropes and clubs in a choreographed dance-and-tumble routine.

Rules of the Game

Current Code of Points

In the current Code of Points (2017–2020), the final score of a routine is the sum of the difficulty score and execution score. Penalties incurred will also be deducted from the final score. The difficulty score is open-ended with no maximum score, while the execution score has a starting value of 10 points. There are also penalties, which are realized by subtracting points from the final note for certain specified mistakes made by the gymnast.

Difficulty

consists of body difficulties (jumps, balances and rotations), dynamic elements with rotation (commonly known as risks) and dance step combinations (for individuals gymnasts and groups), and apparatus difficulties (only for individuals gymnasts) and exchange and collaborations (only for groups). The difficulty score is evaluated during the routine without a pre-made difficulty sheet, unlike with previous Codes. Each difficulty component has an assigned value, which accumulate throughout the routine, resulting in the final difficulty score.

Execution

is the degree to which the gymnast performs with aesthetic and technical perfection. The execution score is composed of artistic faults and technical faults. In the first, the unity and character of the composition, harmony with the music, body expression and the variety in the use of space and apparatus elements, among others are valued; on the other hand, the technical handling of the apparatus (like catching the ball with one hand and not two, not losing the apparatus, etc.) and technical aspects of body movements (like touching the head with the foot during a ring form, not falling, etc.) are valued. Errors regarding the perfect model of conduct accumulate and are assigned specific penalty values, which ultimately are subtracted from the starting value (an execution score of 10 represents a perfect execution equal to the model, without any error).

Penalties

are taken by the time, line, and coordinator judges. Possible penalties include:

The gymnast leaving the floor area

The apparatus leaving the floor area

The exercise being longer or shorter than the acceptable length of time (1'15" to 1'30" is the required length for individual, and 2'15" to 2'30" is the required length for group)

Failure to end the exercise at the exact moment the accompanying music ends

Music not conforming to the regulations

Dress of the gymnast not conforming to the regulations

Communication with the coach during the execution of the exercise

Verbal communication between group gymnasts during the exercise

Grabbing a new apparatus from the side of the floor

Musical introduction without movement longer than 4 seconds

Failure to have working .mp3 file/cd or low/bad quality of file/cd can result in penalty.

Officiating the Sport

Meet Referee

A person to whom reference is made, especially for an opinion, information, or a decision. the umpire or judge in any of various sports, especially football and boxing, responsible for ensuring fair play according to the rules. a person who is willing to testify to the character or capabilities of someone.

Head Judge

Ensure that the competitions are run safely and fairly.

Timers

Keeps track of the time elapsed by the performers.

Technical and Tactical Skills

Handstand

The handstand is arguably the single most important skill and position in the sport of gymnastics. It’s the building block for essential skills on each of the four events. Being able to do a perfect handstand is one skill you should learn to master. The handstand is used in most tumbling skills — walkovers and handsprings.

Cast

Casting is the most basic bar element, and learning how to cast well early on will help you learn so many other skills. Body position in the cast is a hollow body shape. The hollow body shape is similar to the shape you have in a perfect handstand other than the fact that your back is slightly rounded with your stomach pulled towards your spine. You will eventually be casting to handstand, so the higher you can cast with a nice tight body position the better. You want your legs to be together and straight, your stomach pulled in, your back rounded and your eyes looking at the bar.

Splits

Mastering your side and middle splits will help you execute other skills that use that same shape as well. And your splits are easy to practice at home. The split “shape” is everywhere in gymnastics — split leaps, jumps, switch leaps, in the middle of back walkovers, etc. The better you can do your splits on the ground, the better you will be able to do them in the middle of a skill. You should be able to do a split on your left leg, your right leg and a middle split with your legs straight and all the way to the ground.

Handspring on Vault

The handspring on vault is the basic skill that all upper level vaults are based off of. It will be hard to succeed at Yurchenkos or twisting vaults if you haven’t figured out the mechanics of the handspring vault. To do a great handspring on vault you need to run fast, jump hard “punch” off the spring board, fly through the air and hit a perfect handstand on top of the vault table, block using your shoulders off the top of the vault and land on your feet.

Back Handspring

A back handspring is an important gymnastics skill to master because it is the basic skill used in back tumbling on floor and beam. It will be hard for you to connect upper level skills (like layouts, full-twists, back tucks and double backs) to a roundoff back handspring if you can’t do a proper back handspring. The roundoff and the back handspring are both crucial for providing power to whatever comes after it.

Round-off

A roundoff is just as important as a back handspring to master for tumbling on floor. The roundoff gives power just like the back handspring does to the tumbling pass.

Turn on 1 Foot

The turn on 1 foot is a skill that doesn’t go away. It is required in every floor and beam routine gymnastics levels 4-10. So you might as well master this basic gymnastics skill right away.

Split Leap

The split leap is another skill that is required in every floor and beam routine levels 4-10. To have a perfect split leap you want to be able to do your perfect split position in the air as high as you can off the ground. You also want your split to be even — both legs should be the same distance from the ground.

Analysis

The Russian duo of Kudryavtseva and Mamun entered the final as the two favorites for the gold, and they both got their routines off to a good start. Mamun scored 19.050 on the hoops, and her compatriot did even better, opting for a slightly higher difficulty to take the lead.

Melitina Staniouta of Belarus came closest to the two favourites with a solid routine and an 18.200 score until Rizatdinova got her turn. She too managed an 18.200, as her execution was far from perfect.

Mamun was expected to dominate the ball routine and opted for a high difficulty, a 9.650, but her execution wasn't as perfect as we've grown accustomed to. Her final score of 19.150 left her in second place, as Kudryavtseva put together a stunning routine for a score of 19.250.

Mamun rounded off her performance with a 19.233 in the ribbon apparatus, all but guaranteeing the gold medal with a final score of 76.483. Kudryavtseva salvaged silver with a 19.250, and Rizatdinova grabbed bronze with a score of 18.843.

Video Link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaxT2vguGXQ

References:

Elements Gymnastics Academy. (n.d.). Rhythmic. Retrieved from egagymnastics: http://egagymnastics.co.uk/rhythmic/

GymnasticsHQ. (2013, April 7). 9 BASIC GYMNASTICS SKILLS YOU SHOULD MASTER. Retrieved from GymnasticsHQ.com: https://gymnasticshq.com/9-basic-gymnastics-skills-you-should-master/

Verschueren, G. (2016, August 20). Olympic Rhythmic Gymnastics 2016: Individual All-Around Medal Winners and Scores. Retrieved from Bleacherreport: https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2658908-olympic-rhythmic-gymnastics-2016-individual-all-around-medal-winners-and-scores

#olympics2016 #gymnast #rhythm

2 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Women's Figure Skating | PyeongChang 2018

Court Dimensions

A Figure skating rink is a frozen rectangular surface with curved or circular ends on both sides used to host the Olympic sport of figure skating. Skating rinks vary in size depending on skill level of the athletes and performers, with the largest being an Olympic-sized rink. Skating rinks are often used for both figure skating and ice hockey games, and dimensions are typically the same for both. Unlike hockey, a figure skating rink is clear of goals and markings to allow athletes and performers the maximum amount of unimpeded space. Meant to provide a smooth and hard surface, the rink ice temperature ranges between -5.5C (22F) and -3.5C (26F).

Figure Skating Rinks have an overall length of 196.85’ (60 m) and width of 98.43’ (30 m), for a total area of 18,707 ft² (1738 m²). The corners of a Figure Skating Rink have a radius of 27.89’ (8.5 m).

Equipment

Figure Skating Safety

Helmet

If this is your first time out you may want to consider using a helmet. If you or your child are too embarrassed to where a helmet, at least where a thick hat. The ice is hard and hitting your had on it can cause serious injury.

Gloves

Gloves not only keep you hands warm, they protect you hands to some degree from injury when falling. They are also useful when preforming figure skating element that involve grabbing the skate blade.

Bunga Pads

Bunga Pads are Gel Cushions made of special grade gels. The gels provide excellent cushioning thereby reducing or eliminating shock, vibration, pressure and rubbing from the padded area.

Crash Pads

To help keep skaters safe from pain caused by new boots and the bumps and bruises caused by falls.

Figure Skating Clothing

Figure Skating Dresses

Skating Pants

These stretchy pants are very popular with intermediate and advanced skaters. They give you the freedom to stretch into a high spiral or Bielmann spin and protect you a bit when you fall on you jumps.

Skate Bags

The Zuca Bag

Travel Suitcase

To get your skates and other equipment to and from the rink.

Basic Skills

Figure skaters need to be able to glide, spin, turn, jump, hop, skip, and stop.

They also need to develop agility, balance, coordination, flexibility, and the speed that comes from the explosive “quickness” of muscles.

Understanding rhythm – being able to skate to a beat – is also important for figure skaters.

Technical and Tactical Skills

Toe jumps

Toe loops

When attempting a toe loop, the figure skater jumps in a counter-clockwise motion. He (or she) quickly glides backwards over the ice rink before using the outside edge of their back skate — and the toe-pick of their front skate — to launch into the air. The performer spins half a revolution in mid-air before landing, once more, onto the outside edge of their back skate.

Flips

When attempting a flip jump, the figure skater glides backwards across the ice rink before launching into the air by pushing on the inside edge of their back foot and the toe-pick of their front skate. The performer then spins a full-revolution in mid-air before landing smoothly onto the ice and continuing to skate.

Lutzs

The lutz jump is exactly like the flip; only here the skater launches into the jump from the outside edge of their back foot rather than the inside edge. It’s very difficult to stay balanced when launching into a full, mid-air revolution from the outside edge of the skate. As a result, the lutz is a tricky move to master, requiring hours of hard work, pain and frustration.

Edge jumps

Salchows

The salchow jump sees the performer launch into the air by pushing on the inside edge of their strongest foot. After performing a half-revolution in mid-air, the skater then lands smoothly onto the outside edge of their weaker foot, before continuing to skate their way across the ice.

Loop jumps

When attempting a loop jump, the figure skater takes off from the outside edge of their strongest foot before spinning a full-revolution in the air. The performer then lands backwards onto the same foot and either carries on skating across the ice or prepares to launch into another spin.

Axels

The axel is a key ice skating technique for all beginner skaters to aspire to! Here, the performer gathers momentum before launching forwards into the air by springing from the outside edge of their strongest foot. The skater spins one-and-a-half revolutions in mid-air before landing onto the outside edge of their weaker foot.

Key figure skating spins

Whereas figure skating jumps require the performer to maneuver their body in mid-air, spinning moves generally take place on the ice rink surface itself. When entering into a spin, the skater rotates on the ball of their foot, allowing for the greatest possible flexibility.

Upright spin

This is one of the easiest spins to master in the early days of your ice skating tuition. Upright spins see the skater position their body in a straight, upwardly position with one or both of their feet remaining on the ice throughout the maneuver.

Sit spin

This spin is self-explanatory really! It’s carried out when the performer skates on one leg only, whilst stretching the other limb straight out in front of them. Whilst spinning, the performer bends their skating leg as far as they can — essentially sitting down as low as possible without toppling over. In competition, judges award points based on how close to the ice a performer can bend whilst still maintaining their rhythm.

Camel spin

This popular move sees the performer position his or her body into a ‘T’ shape. The performer’s stronger leg is used for skating, whilst the other limb is stretched backwards, straight behind the skater’s head. During this spin, the performer leans their neck forward, bringing their head in line with the straightened rear leg.

Rules of the Game

Athletes in Figure Skating must keep their performances varied. The Zayak Rule states that no participant can attempt triple or quadruple jumps on more than two occasions.

Judges may also mark down participants or disqualify them completely if they fail to adhere to rules and regulations for music and costumes. Certain types of music are not permitted, and costumes cannot contain “excessive decoration” or be considered as too revealing.

Athletes can also be disqualified for time violations.

Officiating the Sport

Evaluators

At an assessment session, the evaluator coordinates and evaluates the assessments to which they have been assigned. During the assessment session, the evaluator acts as the assessor and referee controlling the on-ice activities. Candidates training to become an evaluator will be taught how to manage assessment days where the importance of making decisions in the best interests of the skater is emphasized.

Technical Specialists and Technical Controllers

Technical Specialists and Technical Controllers are former athletes, coaches, Skate Canada judges or referees recruited for the correct identification of elements and levels of difficulty of these elements when attempted by skaters and teams in competition.

Judges

Judges officiate at all levels of competitions, and are responsible for assessing the quality with which a skater performs in competition and also assess competitive tests.

Referees

Referees oversee the ice conditions, ensures that all rules applicable to an assessment or competition are followed and acts as chairman of the judges’ panel and arbiter in policy or procedure disputes. At smaller events, the referee will typically act as both referee and one of the judges.

The Referee is also responsible for writing reports on the judges assessing their performance at a specific event. The reports are reviewed as part of the process of officials promotions.

Data Specialists

Data Specialists are the individuals responsible for calculating the marks awarded by the judges and tabulating the final result. If open marking is used at an event the data specialists are normally found at ice level. At other events, they will be in the result calculation center. Generally, each event will have a Chief Data Specialist who ensures all accounting rules are followed when determining the result of an event. They work with the technical representative or referee and technical controller to post results, attend draws and to answer questions regarding results calculation.

Analysis

The women’s individual figure skating got off to a cracking start on Tuesday evening with the short program. As expected, the Russian athletes dominated this program, with Alina Zagitova taking first place and Evgenia Medvedeva in second. If this result holds, the Olympic Athletes from Russia will finally have their first gold medal in the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.

Canada’s Kaetlyn Osmon sits in third place, and behind her are a pair of Japanese women (Satoko Miyahara, Kaori Sakamoto) also jockeying for a spot on the podium. Italy’s Carolina Kostner rounds out the top six.

It was a relatively disappointing night for Team USA. Mirai Nagasu was the biggest American star who had the best shot at getting a medal, but she couldn’t land her historic triple axel and finished the short program way back in ninth place. Karen Chen and Bradie Tennell were right behind Nagasu at 10th and 11th, respectively.

It’s a respectable showing for Chen and Tennell, neither of whom were considered a serious contender heading in. However, Nagasu needs a much better showing in the free skate if the Americans hope to take home a medal in individual figure skating this year.

References:

AFL Team. (2014, February 10). First steps to becoming a figure skater. Retrieved from Activeforlife.com: https://activeforlife.com/first-steps-to-becoming-figure-skater/

Benne, J. (2018, February 21). Olympic figure skating live results 2018: Russian Alina Zagitova wins women’s short program. Retrieved from Sbnation: https://www.sbnation.com/2018/2/20/16997390/olympics-2018-figure-skating-results-womens-short-program-alina-zagitova-medvedeva-mirai-nagasu

Canskate. (n.d.). Types of Officials. Retrieved from SkateCanada: https://skateabnwtnun.ca/officials/types-of-officials/

Dimensions. (n.d.). Figure Skating. Retrieved from Dimensions.com: https://www.dimensions.com/collection/figure-skating

Gofigureskating. (n.d.). Figure Skating Equipment. Retrieved from Go Figure Skating.com: http://gofigureskating.com/intro/equipment.html

Realbuzz Team. (n.d.). Key Ice Skating Techniques. Retrieved from Realbuzz.com: https://www.realbuzz.com/articles-interests/sports-activities/article/key-ice-skating-techniques/

Rules of Sport. (n.d.). Figure Skating Rules. Retrieved from Rulesofsport.com: https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/figure-skating.html

Video Link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEtYYtwX1sM

#ice skating #sports #olympics

2 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Artistic Swimming - Full Team Event from Rio 2016

Court Dimensions

The pool must be at least 20m wide x 30m long, and at least 2.5m deep. One area, 12x12m or larger, must be at least 3m deep and the slope between the change in depths has to be completed over a distance of 8m or less.

Equipment

Nose clip

In synchronized swimming, the athletes have to perform a lot of underwater movements. There are chances of water entering into the nose of the players. In order to avoid that, the athletes use a small clip of hard plastic or wire. It also has a thin rubber coating.

Goggles

Goggles provide safety to the eyes. Due to underwater movement, water may enter in the eyes. It is important to note that the goggles are not allowed for routine competitions.

Athletes can use goggles only for trainings. This is only used for figure test. Like goggles, athletes also cannot use the bathing caps during routine competitions. During figure test, only a white or black bathing cap is worn by athletes.

Underwater Speakers

The most important equipment for synchronized swimming is the underwater speakers. Swimmers cannot perform under water if the music is not audible. Music plays an important role in synchronized swimming because it is a rhythmic sport.

We know that impedance of water is 3600 times more than that of air. There is also a 62 dB (decibel) offset between the sound that travels in air and that in water. To overcome this problem, the underwater speakers used in synchronized swimming depend on Piezoelectric Technology.

Swimsuit

One of the most important aspects of the swimsuit is that it must be comfortable for the athletes and it must be non-transparent. During the figure test, a black swimsuit is recommended for the athletes and during routine competition, a routine suit for each athlete that suits the music is recommended.

It may also happen that athletes perform in two events like duet and team event. In such a situation, the athletes will be provided with two different swimsuits.

Basic Skills

Breathing

This is a frequently overlooked basic skill, but it is an important one. If are not comfortable breathing while swimming, you won't be able to enjoy it completely and learn new things. The basic idea is that you need to breathe out with both your nose and mouth when your head is underwater. Then when you lift your head to the side take a full breath before putting your face back down.

Floating

Before you start kicking and stroking, first learn to float in the water. Floating helps you to get used to the habit of moving through water properly. Floating helps to keep your body on the surface of the water. Our body experiences a vertical buoyant force when immersed in water and floating helps to keep your body in a horizontal position. Floating is important because if you accidentally fall in the water you will be able to float on the surface till you are rescued.

Your body movement should be well co-ordinated

In swimming, all your body parts should be well co-ordinated with each other. You must be able to move the muscles of your lower back, abdomen, and hips in a synchronized way to keep moving forward. Your hands should move and cut through the water first, followed by your elbow and then your body should make way through the water.

Kicking

Kicking is another important skill to learn if you want to master swimming. Kicking helps your body to move in the forward direction. Many swimming coaches use kickboards to support swimmer's body.

Strokes

Now that you know how to float and kick, it is time to learn some strokes. Strokes are the arm movements that help to pull the body through the water. The front crawl, sidestroke, backstroke, and butterfly are some of the common swimming strokes.

Technical and Tactical Skills

Sculls

Sculls are hand movements used to propel the body and are essential to synchronised swimming. Some commonly used sculls are support, standard, torpedo, split-arm, barrel and paddle scull. The support scull is most often used and is made up of two repeated movements. You need to hold your upper arms against your body and your forearms at 90-degree angles. Then, you move your forearms back and forth to create enough water pressure to hold your legs above the water.

Eggbeater

This move is much like how a manual eggbeater works, with one leg rotating in a clockwise manner and rotating the other leg in an anti-clockwise manner. Synchronised swimmers use this kick because it leaves their hands free to perform strokes. Due to the opposite motion of the kick, it is a stable and efficient way for swimmers to attain the necessary height to perform moves above the water.

Positions

There are hundreds of positions that can be used to create infinite combinations. The six most common positions are illustrated below.

Crane Position - Hold your body in a vertical position with one leg held vertically above the water surface, while the other leg is held parallel under the surface in a 90-degree angle or "L" shape.

Ballet Leg Double Position - From lying flat on the water surface, draw your knees towards your chest with shins parallel to the water surface. Straighten your legs above the water surface to assume a Surface Ballet Leg Double position.

Side Fishtail Position - This is a position similar to the crane. One leg remains vertical, while the other is extended to the side parallel to the water, creating a side "Y" position.

Knight Position -The body is held vertically with your head in line with the hips and pointed to the bottom of the pool. One leg is lowered to create a vertical line perpendicular to the surface.

Flamingo Position - Similar to the ballet leg position where the bottom leg is pulled into the chest so that the shin of the bottom leg is touching the knee of the vertical leg.

Split Position - With the body vertical, one leg is stretched forward along the surface and the other leg is extended back along the surface.

Lifts

Lifts are formations that are formed underwater and as swimmers propel themselves towards the surface, they stay in formation and add more elements like acrobatics. There are three parts to a lift in synchronised swimming: The Flyer, the Base and the Pushers.

The Flyer - Flyers are agile and flexible and are usually the smallest member of the team. It is preferable that they have a gymnastics background as they need to perform complicated moves while on the top of the formation.

The Base - Base swimmers tends to be small in size, but should have good leg strength and a solid core as they make up the structure of the formation.

The Pushers - Pushers are the bigger and stronger swimmers because they need the strength to propel the formation to the water surface.

Types of Lifts

The Platform Lift - The base lays out in a back layout position underwater, where they lie on their back to form a platform of interlinked bodies. The Flyer sets in a squatting position and stands once the lift reaches the surface. The remaining teammates use the eggbeater kicks to hold the platform and the flyer out of the water.

The Stack Lift - Considered to be an updated version of the Platform, the Stack Lift begins with the base squatting while underwater, supported by the pushers. The flyer then stands on the shoulders of the base. The pushers and base gradually stretch out their limbs, elevating the flyer. A rotating descent is usually added to this lift.

Rules of the Game

No Touching The Bottom

One of the things which makes the lifts all the more impressive is that artistic swimmers are not allowed to touch the bottom of the pool at any point during their routines.

No Bling

Presentation is a unique and important part of artistic swimming but there are certain restrictions on what swimmers can wear. For example, artistic swimmers are not permitted jewellery, theatrical make-up, or inappropriate costumes.

No Goggles

Another restriction during artistic swimming routines is goggles. However, swimmers in figures competitions are permitted to wear them.

Team Means Team

Teams normally contain eight swimmers, but the minimum number for a team is four. Teams lose marks for every swimmer they have under the full complement because it is easier to synchronise the fewer people there are in a routine.

Stick To The Schedule

Routines can be anything from two and a half minutes to five minutes long, depending on whether they are performed alone or as part of a team. However, swimmers are penalised if they take 15 seconds fewer or longer than the specified time.

Officiating the Sport

Required people:

A Referee

An assistant referee for routines and an assistant referee for each panel of judges in figures.

Each panel of Figure judges shall consist of six (6) or seven (7) judges. In Routines three (3) panels of five (5) judges shall be used. If three panels are used, in Free Routine, Free Combination and Highlight Routine sessions, one panel shall judge Execution, one panel Artistic Impression, and one panel Difficulty; in Technical Routine session, one panel shall judge Execution, one panel Impression and one panel shall judge Elements.

At FINA competitions, judges shall be chosen from the FINA list of judges.

For each Figure panel – a clerk of course, a recorder and if no electronic system is used, two scorers.

For routines – three (3) timers, a clerk of course, a recorder, and if no electronic system is used, two scorers.

A Chief Recorder

Sound Center Manager

An announcer

Other officials as deemed necessary

Referee

The Referee shall have full control of the event. He/she shall instruct all officials.

He/she shall enforce all the rules and decisions of FINA and shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the event and be responsible for the final settlement of any matter not otherwise covered by the rules.

The Referee shall ensure that all the necessary officials are in their respective positions to conduct the session. She/he may appoint substitutes for any persons who are absent, incapable of acting or found to be inefficient. He/she may appoint additional officials if considered necessary.

In emergencies the referee is authorised to assign a substitute judge.

He/she shall ensure that the competitors are ready and signal for the start of the accompaniment. He/she shall instruct the scorers to penalise the competitors in the session of an infraction of the rules. He/she shall approve the results before announcements.

The Referee may intervene in the event at any stage to ensure that the FINA regulations are observed, and shall adjudicate all protests related to the session in progress

The referee shall disqualify any competitor for any violation of the rules that he/she personally observes or which is reported to her/him by other authorised officials.

Analysis

Russia sealed a fifth successive gold in the final of the synchronised swimming team routine at the Rio 2016 Olympics on Friday, where China clinched the silver medal and Japan took the bronze.

The execution with which Russia performed their performance was good enough to record an incredible score of 196.1439, more than three points more than runners-up China.

Russia's win means the United States are still the only other country ever to have won gold in the synchronised swimming team routine event, all the way back at Atlanta 1996.

Although each of the eight finalists impressed in their last display, it was ultimately Russia who ended a cut above the rest, with their execution and artistic impression trumping all others in the field.

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRGQDubSAqw

References:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://m.swimoutlet.com/guides/synchronized-swimming-pool-dimensions%23:~:text%3DThe%2520pool%2520must%2520be%2520at%2520least%252020m%2520wide%2520x%252030m,distance%2520of%25208m%2520or%2520less.&ved=2ahUKEwih47Xx1cvvAhUDE6YKHZdFAtUQFjABegQIBBAF&usg=AOvVaw0htvsCJJtw2Aga-Ax3oQdH

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/synchronized_swimming/synchronized_swimming_equipment.htm

https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Aquatics/How-To-Play/Synchronised-Swimming/Basic-skills-and-positions-in-Synchronised-Swimming#:~:text=The%20basic%20skills%20you%20will,to%20combine%20into%20a%20routine.9

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/fitness/5-basic-swimming-skills-everyone-needs-to-learn/articleshow/70619726.cms

https://www.swimming.org/artistic-swimming/introduction-to-artistic-swimming/

https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2658703-olympic-synchronized-swimming-2016-team-medal-winners-scores-and-results

2 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Monica Puig (PUR) vs Angelique Kerber (GER) - Women's Tennis Singles Final | Rio 2016

Court Dimensions

Key Tennis Court Dimensions

Overall Length: 78 ft / 23.77 m Overall Width: 27 ft / 8.23 m (Singles), 36 ft / 10.97 m (Doubles) Overall Surface Area: 2,106 sq ft / 195.7 sq m (Singles), 2,808 sq ft / 260.9 sq m (Doubles)

Areas of the Tennis Court

Length of Service Box: 21 ft / 6.4 m Width of Service Box: 13.5 ft / 4.1m Area of Each Service Box: 283.5 sq ft / 26.3 sq m Backcourt (No Man's Land): 18 ft / 5.5 m x 27 ft / 8.2 m (486 sq ft / 45.2 sq m) Doubles Alley: 39 ft / 11.9 m x 4.5 ft / 1.4 m (175.5 sq ft / 16.3 sq m) Net: 3ft / 0.9m high in the centre, 3.5ft / 1.1 m high at the net posts Center Line: 4″ / 0.1 m long

Equipment

Racket

Rackets can be made of many alloys or wood. There are no restrictions on the size or materials used in making a racket. It has an oval head and a gradually widening throat that connects the narrow handle with the head of the racket.

The head of the racket is tightly woven with strings which are made of various materials like nylon, gut or synthetic gut. The handles are covered with leather or nylon for a better grip.

Ball

As per ITF rules, Tennis balls are yellow colored spherical balls, with a diameter between 2.5 and 2.625 inches. They weigh between 2 and 21/16 oz. Pressurized rubber is used to make semi spherical half shells. They are then joined with compressed air between them.

The spherical balls are covered with bright yellow colored felt. Kids aged ten and under play with different colored balls. They move slower, bounce lower. They are also softer and larger and are easy for kids to hit them.

Net

A rectangular net is used to separate the two sides of a Tennis court. The net should cover the space between the two net posts. The net is woven in such a way that it does not allow the Tennis ball to pass through. It is usually tied in about 3 feet above the ground at the center.

Wrist bands

Wrist bands are worn around wrists to prevent sweat from wetting the players’ palm or the racket. A wet grip might not be strong.

Head band

Headbands are used to absorb sweat. They also tie player’s hair away from their face. Any tight cap made of absorbent material can also be used instead of a head band.

Tennis shoes

Just running shoes don’t provide enough lateral support to players. Tennis shoes are designed to give players better stability and prevent them from sliding while moving sideways. Shoes shouldn’t damage the court when players move briskly across the court.

Dress

Men wear T-Shirts or shirts made of materials like polyester that does not absorb sweat and keeps the player cool. They wear shorts that do not cover their knees. Though women are advised to wear just any comfortable dress, of late many Tennis champions try to make a style statement with their carefully designed clothes. Many players prefer wearing a tank top or a T-shirt on a short skirt.

Basic Skills

Technique

Biomechanically efficient technique is highly determinative of your tennis potential. Deficient technique will cause errors, especially in pressure situations. It can be even more destructive when you have bad technique and know you do, because your confidence in your game will be compromised. More importantly, biomechanical inefficiencies can lead to undue stress on the body and eventual injury. There’s a good chance that there is a stroke or two in your game that you can improve.

Footwork Speed/Agility

If you aren’t in position to hit the ball, everything else (technique, power, endurance, etc) is irrelevant. Many players incorrectly attribute a bad shot to incorrect technique when the culprit is often suboptimal footwork. Your footwork speed, intensity, and efficiency is a critical aspect of your game that needs to be developed. Your footwork affects every single shot in your repertoire. It is the difference between a powerful, offensive, and balanced strike, and a short, defensive, attackable one.

Power

Tennis is an explosive sport. A fast start makes a crucial difference in your ability to strike the ball in a comfortable versus a compromised position. Both the quickness of your initial reaction and sustained speed will determine how much time you will have to hit your shot. If you train in the gym to improve your game, you can’t ignore the explosive part of weight training if you want it to translate on the tennis court.

Mental Fortitude

Mental strength in the face of adversity is one of the most critical skills for all tennis players. You can have picture-perfect strokes and unparalleled athletic ability, but if you do not have self-belief, a competitive desire, and the ability to overcome adversity, you will not be successful on the tennis court.

Flexibility

If you are not flexible, you increase your chance of pain, injury, and a short career in the sport. In addition to reversing these issues, by training your flexibility, you will be able to retrieve more balls and return shots from uncomfortable positions. If you want a healthier body and a hugely improved tennis game, you must work on your flexibility. On my podcast, Allistair McCaw remarked that flexibility is the main reason why Novak Djokovic became #1 in the world. Watch the Serbian at work, and you will have little opportunity for argument.

Endurance

Sustaining a high-level of play for several hours on the court is critical for any competitive tennis player. The most crucial period of any match is closing out the win, and if you cannot perform optimally because of fatigue, you are doing your game a huge disservice.

Strength

We can all agree that the best tennis players don’t look like powerlifters or football players. That said, players often severely underestimate the impact strength plays in improving a player’s game. Dr. Mark Kovacs explained that while flexibility is very important, a muscle that is not strong enough and overstretched can cause injury. The stronger you are, the more you will be able to develop your speed and power from your base of strength.

Strategy

Creating and implementing a solid strategy for your matches will result in more wins. As I discussed in my article on how to formulate a winning game plan, formulating strategy based on your game and your opponent’s game offers many advantages, including helping you stay focused, handle pressure, and play matches more optimally.

Technical Skills

From the practical perspective, a tennis player’s technique/skills will determine what that tennis player is consistently capable of doing with the tennis ball through different types of strokes (forehand, serve, backhand, slice, etc.), in a variety of practice situations and then during a variety of match situations. Some key words and terms here are “consistently” and “variety of practice and match situations.” This is because something could be classified as “highly-skilled” or “proficient,” only if it can be successfully repeated multiple times under different conditions (situations). For example, a tennis player’s forehand cross-court could be considered technically highly proficient (skilled) if that tennis player is able to make 90 percent or more of their forehands while hitting in various situations in different ways.

In situations such as feeding drills and live ball rallies, hitting your cross-court forehand on the run and hitting the cross-court forehand slice shot, during practice points, are effective techniques. Hitting your cross-court forehand on the rise and hitting a cross-court forehand with more or less pace, height and spin will bring variation to your game. Once the tennis player has the technical ability (skill) of the specific element (stroke) in tennis, one can hope that that kind of skill would be successfully transferred to official tournament match situations.

This logic could be applied to mastering all different types of elements/strokes in tennis, such as slice, serve, return, volley, overhead, drop shot, etc.

Naturally, it is wise to work on a variety of technical skills in tennis because the more skilled the tennis player is, the more tactical (decision-making) options in a match they will have and will be able to successfully execute.

Tactical Skills

To be able to compete well in a match, a tennis player needs (besides specific tennis skills as described in the paragraphs above) to consider some of the tactical aspects of the game, such as understanding patterns of play (the geometry of play), higher versus lower percentage choices of plays/shots, and an opponent’s strengths and/or weaknesses, to mention a few important ones.

Also, to compete well in a match, a tennis player needs to understand, feel and be realistic about their own level of specific tennis skills. This awareness can contribute significantly to the quality of their own match performance. For example, a tennis player who is more realistic about their own level of specific tennis skills is more likely to manage those skills better, or in other words, make better decisions (shot and pattern selection) during points. With that in mind, the player will be able to perform on a higher level in the match relative to their level of specific tennis skills than a player who is less realistic about their own level of specific tennis skills.

Rules of the Game

The game starts with a coin toss to determine which player must serve first and which side they want to serve from.

The server must then serve each point from alternative sides on the base line. At no point must the server’s feet move in front of the baseline on the court prior to hitting their serve.

If the server fails to get their first serve in they may take advantage of a second serve. If they again fail to get their second serve in then a double fault will be called and the point lost.

If the server clips the net but the ball goes in the service area still then let is called and they get to take that serve again without penalty. If the ball hits the net and fails to go in the service area then out is called and they lose that serve.

The receiver may stand where they wish upon receipt of the serve. If the ball is struck without the serve bouncing then the server will receive the point.

Once a serve has been made the amount of shots between the players can be unlimited. The point is won by hitting the ball so the opponent fails to return it in the scoring areas.

Points are awarded in scores of 15, 30 and 40. 15 represent 1 point, 30 = 2 and 40 = 3. You

need 4 points to win a game. If a game lands on 40-40 it’s known as deuce. From deuce a player needs to win 2 consecutive points to win the game. After winning one point from deuce they player is on advantage. If the player wins the next point they win the game, if they lose it goes back to deuce.

To win the set a player must win 6 games by 2 or more. The opening sets will go to a tie break if its ends up 6-6 where players play first to 7 points. The final set will not have a tie break and requires players to win by two games with no limits.

If a player touches the net, distracts his opponent or impedes in anyway then they automatically lose the point.

The ball can hit any part of the line for the point to be called in, outside the line and the ball is out.

The balls in a tennis match are changed for new balls every 6 games

A player loses a point if they fail to return the ball in either the correct areas on the court, hits the net and doesn’t go into opponent’s area or fails to return the ball before it bounces twice in their half.

Officiating Tennis

Line Umpire:

This official is primarily used at professional events. As a member of the on-court officiating team, the line umpire assists the Chair Umpire in determining if a ball falls within or outside of the boundaries of the court.

Chair Umpire:

Responsible for all aspects of the match to which he/she is assigned, the chair umpire applies the Rules of Tennis, Code of Conduct, and Tournament Regulations on court, either as a solo chair umpire, or working with a lines crew.

Roving Umpire:

The roving umpire exercises jurisdiction over more than one court at a time, in the case of matches played without a chair umpire. His/her duties are similar to those of a chair umpire – and also include working with the Tournament Committee to ensure that assigned courts are ready for play, resolving scoring disputes, controlling spectators, parents, and coaches.

Referee:

The referee is the final on-site authority for the interpretation of the Tournament Rules, Code of Conduct, Rules of Tennis, and all aspects of play. The referee is an integral part of the Tournament Committee and ensures that the event is organized in a fair manner according to the Tennis Canada guidelines. All sanctioned events are required to have a referee on-site while play is in progress.

Chief of Officials:

At larger, or professional events, the line and chair umpires are often hired and managed by a chief of officials, who may also be responsible for training and evaluation of the officials during the event.

Analysis

RIO DE JANEIRO — The Puerto Rican anthem had just been played for the first time at an Olympic medal ceremony. Mónica Puig was still wiping away the tears when the two women she had defeated in her final surge to her gold medal stepped up to the top step of the podium to join her for photos. Both were Grand Slam champions. Petra Kvitova, whom Puig upset in three sets in the semifinals, has won Wimbledon twice. Angelique Kerber, whom Puig upset, 6-4, 4-6, 6-1, in Saturday’s final, is the reigning Australian Open champion, who pushed Serena Williams hard in a classic Wimbledon final last month. But Puig, an unimposing 22-year-old ranked 34th in the world, has won something big of her own, and she did not do it by getting lucky.

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-iONJOk4NM

References:

Barisic, D. (2017, November 28). Technique and Tactics in Tennis. Retrieved from nytennisMAGAZINE: https://newyorktennismagazine.com/technique-and-tactics-tennis

Clarey, C. (2016, August 13). Puerto Rico Gets First Olympic Gold as Mónica Puig Surprises in Tennis. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/monica-puig-angelique-kerber-puerto-rico-tennis.html

Jonathan. (2019, February 13). Tennis Court Dimensions – How Big Is A Tennis Court. Retrieved from PerfectTennis: https://www.perfect-tennis.com/tennis-court-dimensions/

Mehrban. (2016, November 6). The 8 Most Critical Tennis Skills and How to Test Them. Retrieved from Tennis Files: https://tennisfiles.com/8-critical-tennis-skills-how-test-them/

RulesofSport. (n.d.). Tennis Rules. Retrieved from Rules of Sport: https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/tennis.html

Tennisbc. (n.d.). The Tennis Canada Officiating Program. Retrieved from Tennis BC Hub: http://www.tennisbc.org/officials/officiating/

Tutorialspoint. (n.d.). Tennis - Equipment. Retrieved from Tutorials Point: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tennis/tennis_equipment.htm#:~:text=Racket%2C%20tennis%20ball%2C%20shoes%2C,mandatory%20equipment%20for%20the%20sport.

#Tennis #pe

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Men's Singles Table Tennis Final- Rio 2016

Court Dimensions

For a full-size table tennis table, the upper surface is called the playing surface. It requests a certain elasticity and good bounce of a ping pong ball. The dimensions of a full table tennis table size are 2.74 meters long, 1.525 meters width, and 76 centimeters height measure from the ground.

Table Markings

There are white sidelines along the length of both sides of the table. The width of the sideline is 2cm.

There is also a white end line along the width of both sides of the table. The width of the sideline is 2cm.

There is also a white center line across the table. The width of the centerline is 3mm. It is used to divide the table into equal halves when playing double games.

Playing Area

According to the ITTF rules of table tennis, room size or playing area should be rectangular. It should not be less than 14 meters long and 7 meters wide.

The playing area should be enclosed by surrounds or table tennis barriers. They should be 75cm high with all the same dark background color, separating it from adjacent playing areas and spectators.

Equipment

Ball

The ball that used in the game weighs 2.7 grams. It is a small celluloid ball that is white or orange in color, depending on the preference of the player.

Also, they come in a variety of sizes ranging from 38 mm to 54 mm in diameter. However, the 40 mm diameter ball is used mainly in international leagues and competitions.

Rubber, Racket, or Paddle

The table tennis racket or paddle is another important piece of equipment. It is used to hit the ball back and forth on the table. The shape is similar to the one used for tennis except it is smaller and made of different materials.

The racket is made of wood and rubber. It is divided into two parts, the handle, and blade.

Table Tennis Table

The ITTF specifies that the official table tennis tables used in the tournament must be 9 ft long, 5 ft wide, and must be placed 30 inches above the ground.

They come in either green, blue, or black color and are made from hardboard. The surface must be smooth to provide the lowest friction possible.

Net and Post

Whatever the case, it should be six feet long and six inches wide. It should have an upper white tape that is not more than 15mm wide. Also, it should include an assembly that can be attached to the middle of the table tennis table.

Basic Skills

Stance and footwork

Before hitting your first shot it’s worth getting your body in the right position. A correct and stance in relation to the table depends to some degree on your grip, and whether you’re are attacking, defending, or serving the ball. However, even as your arm position and placement relative to the table changes, you should always have the correct stance and body posture. The right stance gives you the balance, stability, and range of movement you need to play the game.

Feet

Your feet should be wide, about 1.5 or more shoulder widths apart so that you can quickly move side-to-side. Keep your non-dominant foot slightly ahead of the other (for right-handed people, this means keeping your left foot slightly closer to the table, for left-handed people it’s the opposite).

Ankles and knees

Keep your knees and ankles slightly bent and flexible, with your weight forward on your toes. This keeps your body ready to move forward or backward as needed.

Back and shoulders

Keep your upper body slightly bent at the waist. With the bent ankles, knees, and waist and your shoulders forward, your whole body is in a slightly crouched position, ready to spring into action.

Arms

Your arms should be in front of your body, with your elbow and paddle in front of you.

Holding the Paddle

The exact position of your hands and arms in your stance depends on your grip or how you hold the bat. There are two basic grips in table tennis: the shakehand grip, and the penhold grip. The different types of grip have specific variations for your hand position on the paddle depending on your preference and style of play.

Technical and Tactical Skills

The Drive

Drives, a light topspin stroke that produces a low ball trajectory, are the primary offensive strokes in table tennis. One employs drives to force errors and to set up winners. The mastery of both the forehand and backhand drives is important because it will give your opponent less options when using attacking strokes of his/her own. In executing this and all other offensive strokes, the usage of the entire body in unison is important for consistency and power.

The Push

Pushes are the basic backspin shots, used to change the pace of an exchange or to return certain very low and close shots such as backspin serves. A generally defensive shot, it allows placement anywhere on the table that is difficult to attack when executed properly. All pushes should be done with the right foot stepping in. The ball is contacted right after the bounce with an open racket. How open the racket is depends on the intensity of backspin on the ball. Heavier backspin requires a more open racket to return over the net.

The Block

Blocking allows a player to use the opponent's force against him/her, and is done immediately after the bounce so that maximum control and speed are retained. Adjusting the racket angle depends on the severity of topspin on the ball; the more topspin there is, the more you should close the racket. Being essentially a cut-down drive, there is very little backswing and follow-through. Think of blocking as a backup shot that can be used when there isn't enough time for a full drive or loop.

The Smash

The smash, or kill, is the put-away stroke of table tennis. Any ball that is high enough and close enough to the opponent's side can be smashed, although some opportunities are better than others. Smashing combines waist, forearm, and wrist movement to the fullest extent. A good smash is very hard to return, but it can be done.

Rules of the Game

1. GAMES ARE PLAYED TO 11 POINTS

A Game is played to 11 points. A Game must be won by two points. A Match is generally the best three of five Games.

2. ALTERNATE SERVES EVERY TWO POINTS

Each side of the table alternates serving two points at a time. EXCEPTION: After tied 10-10 (“deuce”), service alternates at every point. Can you lose on a serve in ping pong? Yes! There is no separate rule for serving on Game Point.

3. TOSS THE BALL STRAIGHT UP WHEN SERVING

How do you serve the ball in ping pong? Hold the ball in your open palm, behind your end of the table. Toss at least 6” straight up, and strike it on the way down. It must hit your side of the table and then the other side. NOTE: Once the ball leaves the server’s hand it is in play, and so counts as the receiver’s point if the ball is missed or mis-hit.

4. THE SERVE CAN LAND ANYWHERE IN SINGLES

There is no restriction on where the ball lands on your side or your opponent’s side of the table. It can bounce two or more times on your opponent’s side (if so, that’s your point), bounce over the side, or even hit the edge.

5. DOUBLES SERVES MUST GO RIGHT COURT TO RIGHT COURT

The serve must bounce in the server’s right court, and receiver’s right court (NOTE: landing on center line is fair). Doubles partners switch places after their team serves twice.

6. A SERVE THAT TOUCHES THE NET ON THE WAY OVER IS A “LET”

Can the ball hit the net in ping pong? Yes, during a RALLY, if it touches the top of the net and then otherwise lands as a legitimate hit. BUT not when serving. If a served ball hits the net on the way over and otherwise legally bounces in play, it’s a “let” serve and is done over. There is no limit on how many times this can happen.

7. ALTERNATE HITTING IN A DOUBLES RALLY

Doubles partners must alternate hitting balls in a rally, no matter where the ball lands on the table.

8. VOLLEYS ARE NOT ALLOWED

Can you hit the ball before it bounces in ping pong? No. In regular tennis you may “volley” the ball (hitting the ball before it bounces on your side of the net). But in table tennis, this results in a point for your opponent. NOTE: When your opponent hits a ball that sails over your end of the table without touching it and then hits you or your paddle, that is still your point.

9. IF YOUR HIT BOUNCES BACK OVER THE NET BY ITSELF IT IS YOUR POINT

If you hit the ball in a rally or on a serve and it bounces back over the net after hitting your opponent’s side of the table (due to extreme spin), without your opponent touching it, that is your point.

10. TOUCHING THE BALL WITH YOUR PADDLE HAND IS ALLOWED

What happens if the ball hits your finger or hand during a ping pong rally? If the ball touches your PADDLE hand and otherwise results in a legal hit, there is no rule violation and play shall continue as normal. Your paddle hand includes all fingers and hand area below the wrist. But what if the ball touches a player’s body anywhere else during a ping pong rally? You may not touch the table with your non-paddle hand for any reason. It will result in a point for your opponent. BUT if your opponent’s hit sails over your side of the table without touching it, and hits any part of you or your paddle, that is still your point.

11. YOU MAY NOT TOUCH THE TABLE WITH YOUR NON-PADDLE HAND

You may touch the ball or the table with your paddle hand (after reaching in to return a short serve, for example), or other parts of your body. NOTE: If the table moves at all from your touching it during a rally, that is your opponent’s point.

12. AN “EDGE” BALL BOUNCING OFF THE HORIZONTAL TABLE TOP SURFACE IS GOOD

An otherwise legal serve or hit may contact the top edge of the horizontal table top surface and be counted as valid, even if it bounces sidewise. The vertical sides of the table are NOT part of the legal playing surface.

13. HONOR SYSTEM APPLIES TO DISAGREEMENTS

If no referee is present during a match and the players disagree on a certain call, the “honor system” applies and the players should find a way to agree, or play the point over. Ping pong carries a tradition of fierce but fair play.

Officiating the Sport

Referee:

For every table tennis competition, a referee is appointed with a deputy who can act on their behalf. The referee is required to be present at the venue throughout a tournament and is required to uphold the rules.

Umpire:

During a table tennis match, an umpire is appointed to decide on the result of each point or rally. The umpire is required to use their judgement when applying the laws and regulations of the ITTF. Where the umpire is officiating alone, their decision is final and they should be seated about 2–3 metres from the side of the table and in line with the net.

Analysis

An inevitable battle between the previous champion Zhang Jike and challenger Ma Long has sparked in the 2016 Table Tennis Men's Single Championship at Rio de Janeiro. A battle of attrition was dominant at first, having a fierce battle between them that would ultimately allow the demise of one of them. Not long after, Ma Long won with sets (4,0), dominating the game and dethroning the past ruler.

Video Link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5H-Eq_Kcxw

References:

BBC. (n.d.). Table tennis - factfile. Retrieved from bbc.co.uk: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9m7xsg/revision/3

Megaspin. (n.d.). Basic Table Tennis Techniques. Retrieved from Megaspin.net: https://www.megaspin.net/info/basic.asp

Ping Pong Ruler. (2020, October 15). Basic Table Tennis Skills You Need To Know. Retrieved from Pingpongruler.com: https://pingpongruler.com/basic-table-tennis-skills/

Pongfit. (n.d.). Official Rules of Table Tennis. Retrieved from Pongfit.org: https://www.pongfit.org/official-rules-of-table-tennis

Table Tennis Spot. (n.d.). Learn the Dimensions of Full Size Table Tennis Table. Retrieved from Tabletennisspot.com: https://www.tabletennisspot.com/knowing-the-dimensions-of-table-tennis-table/#:~:text=The%20dimensions%20of%20a%20full,height%20measure%20from%20the%20ground.

#table tennis #pe

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Philippines vs Thailand Badminton Men's Singles Quarterfinals Sea Games 2019

Court dimensions

The badminton court is 13.4m long and 6.1m wide. For singles the court is marked 5.18m wide. The lines marking out the court are easily distinguishable and coloured white or yellow. The lines are 40mm wide. A court may be marked out for singles only. The back boundary lines also become the long service lines and the posts or the strips of material representing them are placed on the side lines.

The diagonal full length of the full court is 14.366m.

Posts

The posts are 1.55m high from the surface of the court and remain vertical when the net is strained. The posts are placed on the double side lines irrespective of whether singles or doubles is played. The posts or supports must not extend into the court beyond the side lines. Where it is not practicable to have posts on the side lines, some method can be used to indicate the position of the side lines where they pass under the net, eg by the use of thin posts or strips of material 40mm wide, fixed to the side lines and rising vertically to the net cord.

Net

The net is 760mm in depth and a minimum of 6.1m wide. The top of the net from the surface of the court is 1.524m at the centre of the court and 1.55m over the side lines for doubles. There must be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full depth of the net at the ends is tied to the posts.

Equipment

Badminton Racket

Modern Badminton Rackets are light in weight and don’t weigh more than 100 grams. The frame of the Racket can be made of common metals like steel or aluminum. Sometimes rackets are made of alloys, tough carbon fiber, ceramic, or boron. Its length does not exceed 680mm and width does not exceed 230 mm.

Shuttlecock

Sixteen feathers fixed in a cork base enveloped in a thin leather sheet make a shuttlecock. Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are made from feathers from the wing of a goose. The shuttle weighs between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

Badminton Shoes

A good pair of Badminton Shoes provide good grip, cushioning and some flexibility at the forefoot.

Badminton Accessories

The commonly used Badminton Accessories are Grip, Badminton Clothes, Socks, Wrist Band and Head Band.

Grip

A grip made of cloth or synthetic fiber absorbs sweat and provides you a drier feel.

Badminton Clothes

Comfortable T-shirts and shorts, that don’t hinder your movement are ideal to play Badminton. A cotton round-neck or a collar t-shirts with a pair of light shorts are usually preferred.

Socks

Wear a pair of thick cotton socks as they help to absorb sweat. They also prevent your feet from slipping inside your shoes. Avoid wearing Nylon socks that don’t absorb sweat.

Wrist Band

If you perspire a lot, you may consider getting a wrist band that prevents your sweat from flowing to your racket handle.

Head Band

Wear a Head Band if you wear spectacles. It prevents your lenses from getting wet and also stops the sweat and hair from getting into your eyes while playing.

Basic Skills

Grip

The right grip in holding the racket is really important to achieve control on shots while avoiding the chances of a wrist injury. A proper grip will allow you to play both backhand and forehand strokes effortlessly.

Stance

The stance is how you stand while playing badminton, both in between a rally and before the serve. A stable and correct stance will bring a huge change in the results due to easier movement.

Footwork

Badminton is played on a court with limited space, and the athletes have to take care of the same while playing. Footwork plays a huge role in helping with an effective and organised movement on the court. In fact, some coaches even raise footwork to prime importance over other skills.

Serve

Service is among the most basic skill that you need to master in Badminton. Also, you should ensure to make a legal service otherwise it might lead to penalty points.

Drop Shot

Badminton Drop Shots are delicate badminton shots that can win you points that aim at scoring points in deception. Played with both backhand and forehand, these are used to move the opponent to the frontcourt. This creates space in the midcourt and backcourt for you to exploit. There are slow and fast drop shots, played judging the situation.

Clear or Lob

The lob shot in Badminton can be imagined as a shot with an inverted ‘U’ trajectory. It is normally played from the forecourt with an aim to lift or ‘lob’ the shuttle over the opponent. The idea is to land it as near to the baseline as it is, at an angle that is impossible to clear. This is similar to the drop in challenging the opponent with sudden motion backwards this time. It can also be executed by both backhand and forehand. This generally results in the creation of space in the front and midcourt, opening plenty of opportunities.

Technical and Tactical Skills

Technical Skills

The Ready Stance - it is a position in badminton wherein the right stance is readied by the player in order to minimize the amount of movements that would be needed in order to hit the shuttlecock Forehand and Backhand Grip - these are the two basic grips that new players must familiarize themselves with. By doing either of these, it would be much easier for players to control their shots Footwork - it is a necessary skill in order to play badminton. A proper foot walk would help in mastering the sports Strokes - initially, there are four strokes that the player can use. Underarm Backhand Serve - it is a type of serve that beginners can use

Tactical Skills

Applying pressure on hitting the shuttlecock Position yourself in the central base It would be easier to hit the shuttlecock on the corners of the court Deceive your opponents during singles match

Rules of the Game

Rules

A player must wait until his opponent is ready before serving. If the opponent attempts a return then he is ruled having been ready. The feet of both players must remain in a stationary position until the serve is made. Your feet can not be touching the line at this time. It is not a fault if you miss the shuttle while serving. The shuttle cannot be caught and slung with the racket. A player cannot hold his racket near the net to ward off a downward stroke by his opponent or to interfere with his racket.

Faults

The shuttle, at the instant of being hit is higher than the servers waist or the head of the racket is higher than the servers racket hand. The shuttle does not land in the correct service court. The server's feet are not in the service court or if the feet of the receiver are not in the court diagonally opposite the server. The server steps forward as he/she serves. Any player balking or feinting his opponent before serve or during serve. A serve or shot that lands outside the court boundaries, passes under or through the net, touches any other obstructions or a players body or clothing. The boundary and service lines are considered in play. The shuttle in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker's side of the net. You may follow through over the net. A player touching the net or its supports with his body or racket while the shuttle is in play. Hitting the shuttle twice in succession by a player or team.

Scoring System

A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points. Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game. The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

A 1 minute interval between each game is allowed. In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

Officiating the Game

The officials are the judges responsible to ensure a fair badminton game is being played. They consists of:

Umpire:

The ‘main judge’ for the particular badminton game. He/she has the power to overrule any decisions made by the service judge or line judges. The umpire is the person ensuring that the badminton game is run smoothly and prevent any players from delaying the game play.

Whenever a player requests to change the shuttle, the umpire will need to approve that the change could be made.

The umpire also looks out for faults committed around the net area such as whether a player touched the net when returning the shuttle.

Besides, the umpire is responsible to make a ‘fault’ call when the shuttle touches the player or the players’ attires except for the badminton racket. In badminton, it will be a fault/foul to a player if the shuttle touches any part of that player’s body or attire.

Service Judge:

The service judge is responsible in making a ‘service fault’ call and to provide shuttles to the players.

Line Judges:

Line judges sit beside the badminton court (right in front of every in/out lines) to determine whether the shuttle is inside or outside the boundaries of the court.

Their calls are usually very subjective and are often controversial.

Analysis

A seamlessly flawless victory for the Thailand’s Men Badminton Team has emerged in the 2019 Sea Games against the Philippines. It was an intense battleground fought till the end that had shocked the arena throughout the period of the game. Although the Filipino lost, he still showed determination and key perseverance that had paved way for him to reach that far. Despite such event, it has led both teams to pursue more on the strife of becoming better players that would soon reach the heights of endless possibilities. Overall, it was a fair and just game that showed great precision in officiating the game and calling calls, and the totality of the set-up has showed professionalism all throughout.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTm2dbteyt4

References:

Department of Local Government, Sport, and Cultural Industries. (n.d.). Badminton. Retrieved from www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au: https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/badminton#:~:text=The%20badminton%20court%20is%2013.4,The%20lines%20are%2040mm%20wide.

Heda, R. (2019, July 5). 7 basic badminton skills you can learn without coaching. Retrieved from Kreedon.com: https://www.kreedon.com/basic-badminton-skills/

MST. (n.d.). Badminton Rules. Retrieved from web.mst.edu: https://web.mst.edu/~ima/rules/Badmintonrules.html

TutorialsPoint. (n.d.). Badminton- Equipment. Retrieved from www.tutorialspoint.com: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/badminton/badminton_equipment.htm

#seagames2019 #badminton

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

USA vs Serbia | Basketball Men's Gold Medal Match 2016

Court Dimensions

The total area of a professional basketball court is 420m². The minimum area allowed under Basketball England's guidance is 364m². These measurements apply to both indoor and outdoor courts.

The addition of 2.05m run-offs and 2m for teams and officials on the sideline increases the total area to 677.31m².

Sidelines

The outer edge of the court is denoted by the sidelines, which run the length of the court. On a full-sized court they measure 28m.

Baseline and endline

The terms baseline and endline both refer to the ends of the court running behind the goals. Typically they measure 15m.

The use of the different terms depends on the direction a team is playing. Endline is the term for the end of the court which a team is defending, baseline is the for the attacking end.

Mid court

This is the halfway mark on the court and is used to denote the offensive playing area during a game.

On a full-sized court, the mid court line would be 14m from each endline.

Centre circle

Used for the opening tip off, the centre circle has a 3.6m diameter.

Three point line

The three point lines are the arcs that mark a range boundary from each hoop. Scoring from outside this line is worth three points. The distance of the line will vary depending on the level of game, but is typically 6.75m from the basket.

Free throw line

The free throw line, marked 4.6m from the backboard, is the mark at which a player must stand when shooting free throws.

Free throw circle

The free throw circle is the same size as the centre circle (3.6m in diameter). Shooters must stay inside this circle when taking a free throw. The circle is also used for jump balls.

Free throw lane lines/key

Lane lines run from the free throw line to the baseline, to form the 'key'. The shape and width can vary depending on the level of the game, but FIBA (International Basketball Federation) regulation changes in 2010 set it as a 4.9m by 5.8m rectangle.

Some also include space markings to keep opposing players from obstructing the free throw shooter.

Equipment

Basketball

The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain guidelines which one needs to follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one can play with a rubber ball. For professional competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball made of leather. Official size of a basketball is 29.5 to 30 inches in circumference for men’s game and 28.5 inches in circumference for women’s game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the floor, a well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54 inches in height.

Shoes

One needs specialized shoes when playing basketball. It should be able to give better support to the ankle as compared to running shoes. The basketball shoes should be high-tipped shoes and provide extra comfort during a game. These shoes are specially designed to maintain high traction on the basketball court.

Basketball Shooting Equipment

The hoop or basket is a horizontal metallic rim, circular in shape. This rim is attached to a net and helps one score a point. The rim is mounted about 4 feet inside the baseline and 10 feet above the court.

Backboard

The backboard is the rectangular board that is placed behind the rim. It helps give better rebound to the ball. The backboard is about 1800mm in size horizontally and 1050mm vertically. Many times, backboards are made of acrylic, aluminum, steel or glass.

Shot Clock

The offense is allowed a maximum of 24 seconds to have a ball in hand before shooting. These 24 seconds are counted on the shot clock. If the offense fails to shoot a ball that hits the rim, they will lose the possession of the ball to the other team.

Basic Skills

Dribbling

Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.

Shooting

In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs. There are different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups and free throws.

Running

Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself running back and forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks.

Passing

Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually the ones who set up scoring plays.

Jumping

Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is. Jumping is involved in offense during the jump ball in the beginning, while taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will need the ability to jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent for a rebound also is important.

Technical and Tactical Skills

Body Movement Fundamental Skills

this range of technical basketball skills covers movements such as a Drop Step, Swing Step, Stride Stop or Jump Stop. Further to these areas more simple techniques like Running and Changing Direction while running are included. By having these skills practiced players even at the youngest levels develop “base skills” which are used across a number of sports and life in general.

Passing and Receiving Fundamental Skills

the skills within this area cover passing variations found in basketball such as the Bounce Pass, Push Pass, Chest Pass and Overhead Pass. Once the fundamental skills are introduced and perfected these then need to be practiced within specific situations like full court, perimeter, interior passing and passing into the post. Blended into this mix is the skill of Receiving a Pass that is always one of the most underrated and poorly performed basketball skills.

Dribbling Fundamental Skills

these skills are only associated with basketball. Bouncing the ball to the new to basketball and a mandatory skill for the perimeter players. The technical basketball skills involved in dribbling include the Crossover Dribble, Retreat Dribble, Hesitation Dribble, and Spin Dribble. Any player once mastering the technique most move onto performing the skill under pressure and being economical with use of each dribble of the basketball.

Shooting Fundamental Skills

the technical basketball skills involved in shooting are some of the more desired by most players of any skill. Go to any basketball court and you can see the majority of players practicing this skill more than any other when self-directed. The technical basketball skills of shooting involve the Lay-up, Form Shooting, Jump Shot, or Hook Shot just to name a few. Once the basics have been practiced, these skills need to be performed under pressure with players learning to ignore the defensive challenge and make their shot consistently.

Rebounding Technical Skills

cover the one and only skill that is famed with winning championships. This covers both Offensive and Defensive Rebounding fundamentals such as the Block Out and Avoiding being Pinned. Again, this skill needs to be practiced in different situations. Free Throws, close range shots and long-range shots will all have some specific rebounding outcomes and must be practiced for the desired effect of rebounding proficiency.

Offensive Technical Skills

are the basketball skills used in one on one situations such as Jab Step, Shot Fake, Jab and Go or Post Moves like Drop Step Baseline Power Lay-up. There are many more skills in this area and all need to be constantly practiced and refined to meet the demands of the level of competition. It is important to remember that in practicing these skills that the better the defence, the more the offense will be pushed to improve.

Defensive Technical Skills

cover the fundaments such as Defensive Stance, Hedge and Recover, Shot Blocking and Run, Slide Run. The development of these technical basketball skills mirror the development of the offensive skills. Therefore, these skills are best practiced against well-refined offensive skills.

Rules of the Game

Rules for the offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball there are certain rules they must follow

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any time, both hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot. The foot that is stationary is called the pivot foot.

2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has stopped dribbling they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called for a double-dribbling violation and looses the basketball to the other team. A player can only start another dribble after another player from either team touches or gains control of the basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass.

3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other team gets control of the basketball.

4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the basketball while dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player will lose the ball to the other team.

5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is called a backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the offensive team can recover the ball legally.

Defensive Rules

The team on defense is the team without the basketball.

1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair advantage through physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the referee, but, in general, the defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes the offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.

Rules for everyone

1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same to all players on the court including offensive players.

2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.

3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is on the rim. This is called goaltending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games). Every player on the court is subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play. The positions in basketball are just for team basketball strategy and there are no positions in the rules.

Officiating the sport

The Referee

A referee is the official in charge during and after the game. He is the official who watches a game or match closely to ensure that the rules are adhered to and sometimes to arbitrate on matters. He has the full responsibility to enforce the rules and maintain the order of the game. The referee has the final say on disciplinary matters. He also controls the game and takes up positions on opposite sides of the court.

The duties of the Referee include the following:

Inspects and approves all equipment, including court, baskets, ball, backboards

Inspects timer’s and scorer’s signals

Designates the official timepiece and its operator

Designates the official scorebook and the official scorer

Responsible for notifying each captain three minutes before each half is to begin

Decides whether or not a goal shall count if officials disagree

May forfeit the game when conditions warrant

Decides upon matter on which the timers and scorers disagree

Has the power to make decisions on any points specifically covered by the rules

Determines of ground rules are necessary

The Timekeeper

The timekeeper also called Timer is charged with certain duties, according to the rules of basketball. The timekeeper should be familiar with all of the rules and obligations in the game. Mastering these rules and regulations can help avoid confusion during the game for both the officials and the timekeeper. He keeps a record of playing time and stoppages in play, and times the time-outs, and indicates when each half or overtime ends.

The Timekeeper also keeps and show the time of a basketball game to ensure that all quarters are played evenly and to indicate the end of the game or quarter. If there is a timing mistake in the game, the official timekeeper must also inform the official of any specific knowledge relating to the mistake. The timekeeper has the responsibility of notifying the officials that time has run out and helping them determine if a goal should count.

The Timekeeper duties include the following:

Consults officials as to signals used to indicate a time-out and resumption of time

Keeps eyes on the officials throughout the game

Checks on the duration of time-outs, substitution, etc.

When to start clock:

1. When ball is legally tapped on all jumps balls

2. When ball is touched in bounds, if resumption of play is by a throw-in after clock has been stopped

3. When ball is legally touched after a missed free throw and ball is to remain alive

When to stop clock:

1. When time expires at the end of the period

2. When an official signals a foul

3. When an official signals a jump ball

4. When a violation occurs

5. When an official orders a time-out

The Scorer

The scorer also called scorekeepers keeps a record of points scored, all fouls called against each player, timeouts charged to each team, notes the starting line-ups, and keeps a record of all substitutions.

Scorekeepers should also refrain from any other distracting activity, such as texting, chatting, or talking during play. It is also advised that the responsibilities for bookkeeping and timekeeping not be delegated to just somebody else for the protection and confidentiality of the scores. Scoring for individual players is least important.

The Scorer duties include the following:

Obtains names and numbers of all players who may participate in the game at least ten (10) minutes before the start of the game. At least three (3) minutes before scheduled starting time, have each team designate its first five players. He also reports any failure to comply referees.

Records field goals made, free throws made and missed, running summary of points scored, personal and technical fouls on each player, team personal fouls per half and timeouts.

Analysis

An intense and all -out battle has been seen throughout the game on the 2016 USA vs Serbia Basketball Match. Transpired from it was an intense and exciting match that shows various elements of the game being portrayed. It was a well-organized game showing a great handling management on the officiators and the players alike. By so, all rules and regulations had been followed effectively.

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtm0khT1qec

References:

Basketball91. (2013, July 19). Guidelines on how to officiate Basketball Game. Retrieved from basketball91.com: https://basketball91.com/coaching/guidelines-on-how-to-officiate-basketball-game/index.html#:~:text=A%20game%20of%20basketball%20is,10%20minutes%20before%20game%20time.

Ducksters. (n.d.). Basketball Rules. Retrieved from www.ducksters.com: https://www.ducksters.com/sports/basketballrules.php

Harrod Sport. (2020, June 24). Basketball Court Size Dimensions and Markings. Retrieved from Harrodsport.com: http://harrodsport.com/advice-and-guides/basketball-court-dimensions-markings#:~:text=A%20basketball%20court%20is%2091.86,offs%20and%20sidelines%20are%20required.

Krasniqi, X. (2017, November 15). EQUIPMENTS USED IN BASKETBALL. Retrieved from Sports862.wordpres.com: https://sports862.wordpress.com/2017/11/15/equipments-used-in-basketball/

Riches, C. (n.d.). Technical Basketball Skills. Retrieved from Functionalbasketballcoaching.com: https://functionalbasketballcoaching.com/technical-basketball-skills/

Stewart, T. (2018, December 11). The Five Basic Skills of Basketball. Retrieved from Sprotsrec.com: https://www.sportsrec.com/5118610/football-soccer-tactics-skills

#basketball #usavsserbia

3 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

PHL VS VIE Volleyball Women's Opener (SEA Games, 2019)

A FIGHT TO REMEMBER

An all-out game by Team Philippines and Team Vietnam in conquest of taking the ultimate win. These battling giants never go easy, and goes eye to eye for a chance to grasp the desired win.

Dimensions

The volleyball court that held such fierce competition has the dimensions of 18m long and 9m wide, being surrounded by 3m wide on all sides. It also has a space around the playing area, also known as the ‘free playing space’ which has 7m minimum height from the playing surface.

Equipment

Net

Net is one meter long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide. It is tied vertically above the center line of the court to posts fixed at either sides of the court, at a distance of one meter from the sidelines. The center of the net should lie 2.43 meter above the ground for men and 2.24 meter for women. At the sides the net may be higher by a maximum of 2cm, however it should be tied at the same height at both the posts.

Ball

Volley ball a spherical ball of 65-67 cm circumference. It is made of leather or any synthetic material and weighs 260-280 g.

Volleyball Accessories

These include ankle braces, knee pads, and ball carts that will help player’s abilities improve throughout time and practice.

Volleyball Arm Sleeves

These are used in volleyball for both comfort and protection of the players. They can help such by protecting the arms from floor burns or used as a compression sleeve for improved blood flow.

Basic Skills

Passing, setting, spiking, blocking, digging, and serving

Passing

It allows great positioning for different players to attack and find a loose spot on the enemy, also being considered as the most important skill in volleyball.

Serving

Used in game to score ace points or start the game, depending on the situation.

Blocking

Allows defense in their side of the court for them to negate or counter the attack.

Game Rules

6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row

Maximum of three hits per side

Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)

Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve

A ball hitting a boundary line is "in"

A ball is "out" if it hits..

an antennae,

the floor completely outside the court,

any of the net or cables outside the antennae,

the referee stand or pole,

the ceiling above a non-playable area

It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body

It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball

If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play and either player involved may make the next contact (provided the next contact isn't the teams 4th hit)

A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line

After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net

At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two refs, line judges, scorer, and an assistant scorer

Volleyball Violations

The result of a violation is a point for the opponent.

When serving, stepping on or across the service line as a contact is made with the serve

Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully

Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing, etc. )

Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. Exception: If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net is a violation if both

your opponent hasn't used 3 contacts AND

they have a player there to make a play on the ball

When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net is a violation if the ball hasn't yet broken the vertical plane of the net.

Crossing the court centerline with any part of a player’s body. Exception: if it's the hand or foot, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a violation.

Serving out of order.

Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from their opponent), when at the moment of contact the back row player is near the net and has part of his/her body above the top of the net (an illegal block).

Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone ( the area inside the 10 foot line), when at the moment of contact the ball is completely above the net (an illegal attack).

Officiating Volleyball

Volleyball is generally officiated by two referees and two line judges.

First Referee

The first referee in volleyball is positioned on an elevated platform at the side of the net opposite the officials’ table. The first referee does not move around, but they need to stand for long periods, typically 45 minutes to two hours depending on the match’s length, all while maintaining high levels of focus and alertness.

Second Referee

The second referee stands on the floor opposite the first referee and assists in making calls, primarily focusing on play at the net. The second referee moves laterally along the sideline opposite the first referee in a 12-foot area and transitions during play with the ball.

Line Judges

The line judges stand on opposite corners throughout the entire match and assist the first referee with in and out calls and look for touches of the ball by blockers at the net. Line judges need excellent eye sight, good judgment and agility to move up and down the sideline to get the best view of the ball and avoid collisions with players.

Volleyball is a fast sport, in a contained area. Therefore, being able to visually follow the action and see small details is very important. Volleyball officials must always maintain alertness and focus during play so as not to miss a detail. Many calls in volleyball require swift judgement without hesitation, so a decisive nature and confidence are key attributes to have or develop. A volleyball official on average makes over 1,000 decisions in a match.

Analysis

An intense battle transpired as the Philippine and Vietnam volleyball teams clashed head on for an intense 5-round match. Full of ecstatic energy and pride, both teams gave all their hearts out to deliver such action-packed game. Having the set scores 21-25, 25-23, 25-19, 20-25, 15-8, the Philippine volleyball team eventually succumb to Vietnam team’s strength. But even though they suffered such fate, it is certain that they will rise from the ashes once more and dominate the world of volleyball.

Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm4kGC_d-i8&t=7655s

References:

AOC Volleyball. (2018, November 23). Retrieved from theartofcoachingvolleyball: https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/basic-volleyball-rules-and-terminology/

Barclay. (n.d.). Retrieved from barclayphysicaltherapy: http://www.barclayphysicaltherapy.com/Sports-Activities/Volleyball/Guide-to-Selecting-Volleyball-Equipment/a~2855/article.html

Callaway, C. (2011, August 17). SportsRec. Retrieved from SportsRec: https://www.sportsrec.com/504918-how-to-officiate-a-game-of-volleyball.html

Kuhl, R. (2019, July 12). DLGSC. Retrieved from dlgsc: https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/volleyball#:~:text=The%20playing%20court%20is%2018m,high%20from%20the%20playing%20surface.

Strength and Power for Volleyball. (n.d.). Retrieved from strength-and-power-for-volleyball: https://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/basic-volleyball-skills.html#:~:text=The%20six%20basic%20volleyball%20skills,of%20serving%20is%20often%20undervalued.

#volleyball #seagames

2 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Carlsen V. Nakamura: Clash of Worlds

THE BATTLE

The battle of the Current Chess World Champion Magnus Carlsen and Rising Star Hikamaru Nakamura is one of the most sought-out and intense battle of attrition, both in wits and perseverance.

DIMENSIONS

The Game was played on an 8x8 wooden chessboard with a Timer; being in the category of blitz..

EQUIPMENTS

AGON chess board and a DGT1001-type chess clock can be seen being used between the match of the two masters.

TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS

Both players can be seen using their hands in making their moves, using only one hand to make a move, and stop the timer. Critical Thinking, Pattern Recognition, Abstract Reasoning, Strategizing, and Problem Solving are of the few examples that both have shown in their bout.

RULES OF THE GAME

White is always first to move and players take turns alternately moving one piece at a time. Movement is required. If a player's turn is to move, he is not in check but has no legal moves, this situation is called “Stalemate” and it ends the game in a draw. Each type of piece has its own method of movement. A piece maybe moved to another position or may capture an opponent´s piece, replacing on its square. With the exception of the knight, apiece may not move over or through any of the other pieces. hen a king is threatened with capture (but can protect himself or escape, it´s called check. If a king is in check, then the player must make a move that eliminates the threat of capture and cannot leave the king in check. Checkmate happens when a king is placed in check and there is no legal move to escape. Checkmate ends the game and the side whose king was checkmated looses.

OFFICIATING THE GAME

Arbiters

Arbiters must avoid giving bias decisions in case their intervention in particular game is needed. It is also essential that arbiters have a closer look on the clocks of the players. Whenever illegalities are committed in the game, the arbiter is in-charged to provide penalties to the player who violated the official chess rules.

ANALYSIS

A gruesome fight between 2 world-renowned players had faced each other in a series bound to have close ends. In a battle of attrition, both have paved their way and made their bout exciting and unnerving, not allowing a single shred of miscalculations to take root. It can be inferred that there are lessons to be learned from such fight, that despite how hard or impossible it may seem, if we trust our own self and fight for our goal, then we would eventually overcome the odds of fate.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2cbT3elGl8

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 3 years

Text

Death Penalty: A keystone to success

News outlets have recently been filled with various detrimental crimes that happen within our country. This motherland has essentially been plagued with these causes that there would seem to be no solution possible of cleansing the evil within its inhabitants. These people thrive everywhere and disrupt those who are innocent and would only want peace. It is unimaginable to think that this nation is slowly dying due to the unnerving nature of human beings having greed, lust, and all other sins combined into play. Corruption, Murder, Rape, and all other crimes are results of such traits that are unacceptable and inhumane for a person to do. These evil-doers would not know the pain and anguish they brought to those people’s loved ones, and would never feel how their actions would bring trauma and pain to the victims for their own personal gains. Death Penalty should be implemented in our country, especially to those who deserve nothing but the feeling that they have done to those they affected. They should know what its like to feel the grave sins that they have done, and be tormented in a never-ending pain until they truly reach the point of dying, as that would imply to other people the consequences of grave negative actions.

Hood, (2002) states that death penalty is the execution of an offender being sentenced to death after the conviction by the court of law for a criminal offense. Crimes like murder, treason, arson, rape, or any other crimes considered as grave would be unexempted by such conviction.

In our time today, following the law would seem to be an option only, and does not really strike fear to those who would do such thing. There are far too many people who do such crimes in our country, knowing the risks but still doing it because of the missing fear factor their actions would result to. Having the Death Penalty would greatly deter the number of offenders, and would thus be instilled with fear if they were to do such actions (Laurel, 2020).

Punishing those offenders would mean that the crime would stop to where the offenders are, and would thus not affect other innocent people from their actions. Having the Death Penalty would imply that we would live in a much safer place, knowing that the evil around the society would lessen greatly (Huberty, 2018).

However, there are also claims that would imply that having the Death Penalty would be wrong and inhumane. Death Penalty demonstrates cruel and inhumane punishments having different types of torturing methods for a person to take part to. It is simply too much despite the actions made by the offenders (BBC, 2011).

There are also cases in which there are innocent people being wrongly accused and would thus be convicted with the death penalty. It would not be too far to consider this action murder, and having to wrongly execute someone is an act that is unconceivable (Huberty, 2018).

Weighing the arguments of both sides of the death penalty, it is undoubtedly beneficial for it to be published. There are lapses that surely are needed to be taken account, but the totality and thought of it would bring benefits to the inhabitants. Having the death penalty, with the improvements in terms of how its run and how it works, would greatly suffice the problem our country is currently facing leading to a future of brighter tomorrow.

References

BBC. (2011, September 21). The death penalty - the arguments for and against. Retrieved from BBC: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/15007511

Hood, R. (2002). Capital Punishment. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/capital-punishment

Huberty, E. (2018). 5 Reasons Why The Death Penalty is Wrong. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from Human Rights Careers: https://www.humanrightscareers.com/issues/why-death-penalty-is-wrong/

Laurel, R. (2020). 5 solid reasons to support death penalty. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from KAMI: https://kami.com.ph/20045-support-death-penalty.html

#death penalty #implementation #reading and writing

0 notes

hatdigidigidog · 4 years

Text

ANALYSIS OF SPEECHES

Types of Speech:

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela’s speech tackled about the disparities of the rich and the poor, and our pursuit to attain equality regardless of its race, gender, creed, and share equal political rights and opportunities for development. It was an example of an Exploratory or Informative speech as he provided information and its history, cited benefits of doing such and somehow opening the eyes of the listeners, inspiring them on making a validated choice and do what is right. It was also considered as a speech read from a Manuscript as he was bringing such manuscript for him to read. His message has been directly imparted to those who have heard it, implying that the message was clearly relayed to the people.

Emma Watson

Emma Watson delivered a speech that invoked the empowered feeling of women to have power and right amongst the ranks of men, implying that she was persuading the people to do things for themselves. It is a persuasive speech in a form of the memorization of such. It can be seen and heard that she presented various data and definitions on the topic, portraying that she is aware and up to date on what her topic is all about. As a listener, I can clearly say that she was effective in her speech and would most likely persuade her audience. She presented facts with clarity and stood on her ground regarding her stand on the topic.

Darren Tay Wen Jie

From the first part itself, it can be clearly identified that It was an example of an Entertainment Speech. By him wearing an underwear, it created an impact to the audience that made them laugh, lighting the mood of the crowd and uplifted the Listeners Mood. He wanted to express that we have to fight and defeat our inner bullies, as these are the ones that will bring us down to the depths. He achieved his purpose of that talk by instilling values in the form of entertainment. The manner of his speech was Extemporaneous as his speech had a flow of direction to it. It was only being outlined in his mind given the fact that he had already prepared for it but with no manuscripts or other mediums of such.

#communication #speech #inspirational #platform

2 notes · View notes

hatdigidigidog · 4 years

Text

ANG MGA CEBUANO

Makikita dito ang lahat nang mayroon ang pangkat kulturang CEBUANO. Maaninag dito ang kanilang pamumuhay, paniniwala, kultura, tradisyon at iba pa. Ang mga larawan din ay nagpapahiwatig ng mga bagay o mga tao na mayroong malaking halaga para sa kanila. Ang mga cebuano ay mayroong malawak at makulay na kultura at tradisyon na mas naiipausbong sa mga nagdaang panahon.

#cebuano #pangkatkultura #kultura #tradisyon #paniniwala

0 notes

hatdigidigidog · 4 years

Text

Epitome of Quality

Noli de Castro is the Epitome of quality and professionalism in the field of being a TV anchor. He has a distinct style of communicating that had branded him throughout his career. He is an outstanding speaker with skills almost compared to none as if he justifies the unreasonable doubt for his existence. There has been none known to be unlikeable about him as he shows compassion for everyone he works with.

The way he communicates is very effective for he really puts an effort to relay the message clearly and straightforward. It can be known that from experience, he has learned a lot and with it came his trademark outro “Magandandang gabi, Bayan.” He also engages to the viewers as if it were directly stated for the person itself. His posture and professionalism also contributed to his overall effectiveness as an anchor.

It is never easy to become an anchor, it requires skill, patience, determination, and perseverance to reach that level of confidence and quality. It requires you to become unbiased on the issues presented, for you only need to relay the information. But nevertheless, Noli de Castro has shown all of these traits and broke the wall of norms down in the field. He had strived for everything that he has now, and is one of the most prominent news anchor of our time.

#communication #nolidecastro #effective #professional

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 4 years

Text

Conic Sections

Unknowingly, conic sections are part of our daily lives. It can be seen from things that we use every day; it is basically with us. From my views retaining to my understanding of our lessons, I have known that these conic sections are present in almost everything we use and affects our lives profoundly more than we think it is only just about. For some, it might serve as the idea for that thing to work, for others it might be used in making a concept that improves a thing. I have found myself interested in knowing more things that are connected with conic sections, the simplicity of such idea sparked a million more deeper application.

Photo Details:

The Conic Sections Ellipse, Circle, and Parabola are present from the picture. These photos were taken only inside our humble abode on different locations. The photos for the ellipses were taken at the living room and kitchen, the circles were taken from the dining room, and the parabolas were also taken from the living room.

#precalculus #conicsections #ellipse #circle #parabola #photography

1 note · View note

hatdigidigidog · 4 years

Text

The story tackles the story of King George VI and how his life had revolved around his speech impediment and a stammering problem. Throughout his journey, he met famed therapists that would try to cure him but would lead to no positive result. Not until a Lionel Logue, a speech therapist having an unorthodox means of therapy, enters his life, by the help of his wife Elizabeth. A commoner to his sight, Bertie was in-denial and did not believe on the speech therapist after their first session. But as days flew by, he took a try in listening to the recording, which to his surprise, did very well without that much of a stammer. He went back to seek such guidance, and followed Lionel throughout the sessions. They had ups and downs, especially when managing Bertie’s temperament, but it didn’t hinder Lionel to help his new-founded friend. There was one point where Bertie had given up, and in that part, they have known the true meaning of friendship and have learned from one another. Since then, Lionel has been always at his side, guiding him in his speeches that ultimately sparked the fire in the hearts of his fellow countrymen from the German Dictator, Adolf Hitler.

The film says a lot about the communicative barrier that the main character induced in his life. It has impacted the way people see and communicate with him, and some even shame or pressure him on doing the thing he can’t do, which was to say words without stammering. In the movie, there were many scenarios which his stammering interfered with the communication he needed to present. Moments where it brought him down to frustration for doing a simple thing is something he cannot do. It has greatly impacted the flow of communication from the speaker itself to its constituents.

There were a lot of scenes in which we can clearly see the effects of such barrier to his life. One was from the beginning, where Bertie was asked to relay a message to the public, which sadly he couldn’t. This in turn, had taken many criticisms from their people, making miscommunication prevalent. By that small thing alone, the way that he stutters on his speeches, sent different messages to the people. Other situation that Bertie faced was the inability of him to speak out his opinion and emotions. In the confrontation that they had together with his brother at the party, he wasn’t able to express his intentions and clarify his stand due to the fact that he stammers and could not make straight sentences full of the desired emotion itself. But despite the hardships, Bertie faced his fear with full courage and pursued to deliver the King’s speech. Without the help of Lionel Logue, it would be at the brink of impossibility. By the time he finished that speech, he knew to himself of his worth and his capabilities as king, with the help of his friend.

Communication can come in many ways and many forms; it is never stagnant and holds a lot of possibilities. There are times where we can’t communicate well with one another through verbal means, but the movie taught us that to communicate isn’t merely about speaking, it’s also about connecting. That connection serves as our way of communication in other means. It is never a hindrance to have such things, but rather a thing that brings out the best in us. The art of communication knows no bounds, with enough patience and determination, it can be done.

#KingsSpeech #communication #friendship

1 note · View note