#Anfal 30

[literary-illuminati]

2024 Book Review #6 – Exordia by Seth Dickinson

This is a book I have been looking forward to for quite literally years, from someone who is easily one of my favourite working authors. I also read the short story the book was expanded out from before I even knew it was going to be a book, and so went in spoiled on the broad strokes of what turned out to be the climax of the whole thing. All to say my opinion on this is unlikely to match that of the typical reader, I guess.

Anyway, Exordia is a glorious spectacular mess that has no right to cohere anywhere near as well as it does. It’s target audience is small, but I’m certainly somewhere in it. Please ignore all the marketing it’s so bad you have to wonder if someone at Tor just has it out for the author.

Exordia is a, well, a profoundly difficult book to give any sort of plot summary for. The first act involves Anna, a 30-something survivor of the Anfal Genocide now living a rather unimpressive life in New York City, until one day in the early 2010s she sees an alien eating the turtles in Central Park. Then there’s a cat-and-mouse hunt between terrifying alien snake-centaurs for the future of free will in the galaxy, and the plot jumping to kurdistan, and six more POV characters from as many different nations, and nuclear weapons, and oh so many people dying messily. The first act is an oddly domestic and endearing piece of table setting, the second is (to borrow the idiom of the book’s own marketing) Tom Clancy meets Jeff Vandermeer or Roadside Picnic, and the third is basically impossible to describe without a multipage synopsis, but mostly concerned with ethical dilemmas and moral injuries. It’s to the book’s credit that it never bats an eye at shifting focus and scale, but it does make coming to grips with it difficult.

This is, as they say, a thematically dense book, but it’s especially interested in the fallout of imperialism. The Obama-era ‘don’t do stupid shit’ precise and sterile form of it in particular – the book’s a period piece for a reason, after all. The ethics of complicity – of being offered the choice of murdering and betraying those around you or having an alien power with vastly superior destructive powers inflict an order of magnitude more misery to you, them, and everyone in the same general vicinity to punish you for the inconvenience – is one that gets a lot of wordcount. It is not an accident that the man most willing and able to collaborate with the overwhelming powerful alien empire in hopes of bargaining some future for humanity is the National Security Council ghoul who came out of organizing surveillance information for the drone wars. It’s also not a coincidence that the main (if only by a hair) protagonist is someone with a lot of bitter memories over how the US encouraged Iraq’s kurdish population to rebel in the ‘90s and then just washed their hands and let them be massacred (the book couldn’t actually ship with a historical primer on modern kurdish history, so it’s woven into the story in chunks with varying amount of grace. But it is in fact pretty thematically key here).

Speaking of complicity, the book’s other overriding preoccupation in (in the broadest sense) Trolley Problems. Is it better to directly kill a small number of people or, through your inaction, allow a larger number to die? Does it matter is the small number is your countrymen and the larger foreigners, or vice versa? What about humans and aliens? Does it matter whether the choice is submitting to subjugation or killing innocents as a means to resist it? What about letting people around you die to learn the fundamental truth of the cosmos? Does the calculus change when you learn that immortal souls (and hell) are real? This is the bone the story is really built around chewing on.

All that probably makes the text seem incredibly didactic, or at least like a philosophical dialogue disguised as a novel. Which really isn’t the case! The book definitely has opinions, but none of the characters are clear author-avatars, and all perspectives are given enough time and weight to come across as seriously considered and not just as cardboard cutouts to jeer at. Okay, with the exception of one of the two aliens who you get the very strong sense is hamming it up as a cartoon villain just for the of it (he spends much of the book speaking entirely in all caps). There definitely are a couple points where it feels like the books turning and lecturing directly at the reader, but they’re both few and fairly short.

The characters themselves are interesting. They’re all very flawed, but more than that they’re all very...embodied, I guess? Distracted with how hot someone is, concerned with what they ate that morning or the smell of something disgusting, still not over an ex from years ago. Several of them are also sincerely religious in a way that’s very true to life to actual people but you rarely see in books. The result is that basically comes as being far more like actual humans than I’m at all used to in most fiction (of course, a lot of those very human qualities get annoying or eye-roll inducing fairly quickly. But hey, that’s life). Though that’s all mostly the case at the start of the book – the fact that the main cast are slowly turning into caricatures of themselves as they’re exposed to the alien soul manipulation technology is actually a major plot point, which I’m like fifty/fifty on being commentary on what happens to the image and legacy of people as they’re caught up in grand narratives versus just being extended setup for a joke about male leads in technothrillers being fanfic shipbait.

Part of the characters seeming very human is that some (though by no means all) of the POVs are just incredibly funny, in that objectively fucked up and tasteless way that people get when coping with overwhelming shock or trauma. It’s specifically because the jokes are so in-your-face awful that they fit, I think? It manages to avoid the usual bathetic trap a lot of works mixing in humour with drama fall into, anyway.

Speaking of alien soul manipulation technology – okay, you know how above I said that the points where the book directly lectured the reader were few and far between. This is true for lectures about politics or morality. All the freed up space in this 530 page tome is instead used for technobabble about theoretical math. Also cellular biology, cryptography, entropics, the organization of the American security state, how black holes work, and a few dozen other things. This book was edited for accuracy by either a doctoral student from every physical science and an award winning mathematician, or else just by one spectacularly confident bullshitter with several hundred hours on wikipedia. Probably both, really. I did very much enjoy this book, but that is absolutely predicated on the fact that when I knew when to let my eyes glaze over and start skimming past the proper nouns.

The book has a fairly complete narrative arc in its own right, but the ending also screams out for a sequel, and quite a lot of the weight and meaning of the book’s climax does depend on followthrough and resolution in some future sequel. Problematically, the end of the book also includes a massive increase in scale, and any sequel would require a whole new setting and most of a new cast of characters, so I’m mildly worried how long it will be before we get it (if ever).

The book is also just very...I’m not sure flabby is the right word, but it is doing many many different things, and I found some of them far more interesting than others. I’m not sure whether Dickinson just isn’t great at extended action scenes or if I am just universally bored by drawn out Tom Clancy fantasies, but either way there were several dozen pages too many of them. The extended cultural digressions about the upbringing and backstories of each of the seven POVs were meanwhile very interesting! (Mostly, I got bored of the whole Erik-Clayton-Rosamaria love triangle Madonna complex thing about a tenth of the way into the book but it just kept going.) It did however leave the book very full of extended tangents and digressions, even beyond what the technobabble did. Anna herself, ostensibly the main protagonist, is both utterly thematically loadbearing but very often feels entirely vestigial to the actual, like, plot, brought along for the ride because she’s an alien terrorist’s favourite of our whole species of incest-monkeys. The end result is, if not necessarily unfocused, then at least incredibly messy, flitting back and forth across a dozen topics that on occasion mostly just seem unified by having caught the author’s interest as they wrote.

It’s interesting to compare the book to Anna Saves It All, the short story it was based on – quite a lot changed! But that’s beyond the scope of this already overlong review. So I guess I’ll just say make sure to read the book first, if you’re going to.

#book review #exordia #seth dickinson #lesbian space atrocities #sff

[fluffy-appa]

They plot and plan, and Allah too plans; but the best of planners is Allah.

[Surah Al-Anfal Ayat 30]

[salahontime]

always you'll come to realise how his plans were way better than yours and how Allah ﷻ actually protected you from your own plans.

“But they plan, and Allah plans. And Allah is the best of planners.”

[Surah Al-Anfal | Ayah 30]

[alexilulu]

Books I Read in 2024 #2: Exordia (Seth Dickinson, Tor Books, 2024)

Anna Sinjari, survivor of the Anfal massacres of the Kurdish people by the Iraqi army in the nineties, meets an alien in Central Park. This seeming coincidence spirals out into the destruction of most of human society, a disaster beyond the human imaginary and a race to be the one to discover the skeleton key to reality.

Seth Dickinson is my favorite writer, full stop.

I first knew him from Destiny; he wrote the background Grimoire lore for Destiny 1, and wrote the entirety of The Book of Sorrow, The bible for the eponymous Taken King of that expansion of Destiny. Destiny is probably the biggest touchstone for this novel; If you've enjoyed anything Destiny did in its lore, the extremely high concept of the Darkness as an ontological not-so-evil that rules the galaxy with an iron logic that says only strength survives, the people studying a robot realizing they're copies of themselves being in turn studied inside the robot they're studying (and further down, and further down, and so on), the Ahamkara offering poisoned wishes to all who accept them, oh wisher mine, then this is for you. This novel is him running to all the things he's not been able to come back to since Destiny went its own way (he was only ever a freelancer for Bungie studios, and ultimately where the game is now is a long distance from those foundations).

A huge component of what I love about Seth Dickinson is his nuance. IRL, Seth Dickinson was a doctoral candidate in social neuroscience where he studied racial bias in police shootings. His first novel series, Baru Cormorant, is as much about the idea of a character who passes all the requirements of The Evil Overlord List as it is about the ways that empire is an engine devoted to the grinding immiseration of the imperial periphery to bring in new income, blood and goods for the benefit of the core. That's literally the point of that series; Baru is as compromised by the promise of power as she is by the education she received, her loyalty to her home fighting tooth and nail to not drown in the sea of the ideology of masks.

He does a phenomenal job here by bringing that lens into the real world, circa 2013. The decision to set the story in the late Obama years is vital, to me. It's a time where many felt that call to the end of history once again, that after the highs of the reelection that the democratic party would remain ascendant, that the foreign wars we were still embroiled in would be safely managed by smart people making hard decisions that minimize casualties and produce maximum benefit to the world.

After all, who still speaks of the people who died in airstrikes under Obama?

While the novel is a broad one, utilizing many perspectives across its reading time, Anna Sinjari is a phenomenal protagonist. Funny, a love of horrid not-puns that work just enough to make you wince, with a core of something is wrong with her that cannot be understated. She's interesting in the way I want a point of view character to be.

Honestly, all of them are. There's 6-ish main perspectives across the story, and each of them is bringing something to the table. Lightning-quick to the moral stance Eric, compromised and compromising Clayton, good-to-a-fault Catholic Chaya, brilliantly strange Aixue, and the singularly passionate Davoud. Each of them has a thread moving through it all, rendered in exacting detail. Each of them feels like they're in another novel. Aixue and Chaya channel Michael Crichton, Eric and Clayton a clashing pair straight out of the less-fraught Tom Clancy novels. The novel feels like it's taken 30 years of technothrillers and put them in a black hole, letting the brilliant flame that issues out of its polar jet burn a new story into the canon.

And coming with that brilliance is a care and thoughtfulness I scarcely see elsewhere. Seth Dickinson's protagonists are compromised people to a fault (and aren't we all?), the types who have something that has driven them far from who they thought they were and had to reckon with the reality their life now occupies. And all around it is a beautifully sad world, the world that was inevitable from where they started but couldn't be seen coming until it ran them over. The world itself feels a sort of melancholy of materialism, the world our choices wrought, despite our best efforts. And yet, good things do persist. The Kurdish people survived Anfal, after all.

I really do feel good about this one, in the end. It's propulsive in the way that you'd want a story like this to be, assembling the pieces of the enigmatic alien artifact that lies at its center like a clean room scaffold around it, letting you think things will move one way then snapping you to the side again. My only sincere criticism of it (and it's a small one) is that it's the first story in something that will likely run to a beautiful length. I had hoped for a one and done story that produces something beautiful in the end, but I just find myself wanting more now. I wouldn't ever call it popcorn reading, but i do wish I had another bowl.

#Alexis reads books 2024

[humaid--art]

ALLAH IS THE BEST PLANNER.

Reference: [Ali Imran 54, Al Anfal 30]

📜 This will be (Sadaqah Jariyah) an ongoing charity for you and me, so feel free to Save, Share or Re-post for other's benefit!

#القران الكريم #الحديث #القرآن #اسلاميات #islamic #islamicreminders #islamicart #islamicquotes #islamic design #islamicpost #الأية #quranquotes #quransayings #quran translation #quranic #quran online #quraan #holy quran #quran #quran kareem #islam quote #islamic knowledge #islam #islamification #islamic quotes #islamic quote #quoteoftheday #quotes #allah #allahuakbar

[rhuslan08]

S : Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran?

J : 114 Surah

S : Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran?

J : 30 Juz

S : Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran?

J : 60 Hizb

S : Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran?

J : 6236 Ayat

S : Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran?, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya?

J : 77437 Kata, atau 77439 Kata dan 320670 Huruf

S : Siapa Malaikat yang disebut dlm al-Quran?,

J : Jibril, Mikail, Malik, Malakulmaut, Harut, Marut, Al-Hafazoh, Al-Kiromulkatibun HamalatulArsy, dll.

S : Berapa Jumlah Sajdah (ayat Sujud) dlm al-Quran?

J : 14 Sajdah

S : Berapa Jumlah para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran?

J : 25 Nabi

S : Berapa Jumlah Surah Madaniyah dlm al-Quran?, sebutkan.

J : 28 Surah, al-Baqoroh, al-Imron, al-Nisa" al-Maidah, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Ra’d, al-Haj, al-Nur, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Rahman, al-Hadid, al-Mujadilah, al-Hasyr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Shaf, al-Jum'ah, al-Munafiqun, al-Taghabun, al-Thalaq, al-Tahrim, al-Insan, al-Bayinah, al-Zalzalah, al-Nashr.

S : Berapa Jumlah Surah Makiyah dlm al-Quran? sebutkan.

J : 86 Surat, selain surah tersebut di atas.

S : Berapa Jumlah Surah yg dimulai dgn huruf dlm al-Quran?

J : 29 Surah.

S : Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Makiyyah?, sebutkan 10 saja.

J : Surah Makiyyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Makkah sebelum Hijrah, seperti: al-An'am, al-Araf, al-Shaffat, al-Isra’, al-Naml, al-Waqi'ah, al-Haqqah, al-Jin, al-Muzammil, al-Falaq.

S : Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Madaniyyah? sebutkan lima saja?

J : Surah Madaniyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Madinah setelah Hijrah, seperti: al-Baqarah, al-Imran, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Haj.

S : Siapakah nama para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran?

J : Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Musa, Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, Dawud, Sulaiman, Yusuf, Zakaria, Yahya, Ilyas, Alyasa’, Luth, Hud, Saleh, ZulKifli, Syuaib, Idris, Muhammad Saw.

S : Siapakah satu-satunya nama wanita yg disebut namanya dlm al-Quran?

J : Maryam binti Imran.

S : Siapakah satu-satunya nama Sahabat yg disebut namanya dlm al-Quran?

J : Zaid bin Haritsah. Rujuk dlm surah Al Ahzab ayat 37.

S : Apakah nama Surah yg tanpa Basmalah?

J : Surah at-Tawbah.

S : Apakah nama Surah yg memiliki dua Basmalah?

J : Surah al-Naml.

S : Apakah nama Surah yg bernilai seperempat al-Quran?

J : Surah al-Kafirun.

S : Apakah nama Surah yg bernilai sepertiga al-Quran?

J : Surah al-Ikhlas

S : Apakah nama Surah yg menyelamatkan dari siksa Qubur?

J : Surah al-Mulk

S : Apakah nama Surah yg apabila dibaca pada hari Jum'at akan menerangi sepanjang pekan?

J : Surah al-Khafi

S : Apakah ayat yg paling Agung dan dlm Surah apa?

J : Ayat Kursi, dlm Surah al-Baqarah ayat No.255

S : Apakah nama Surah yg paling Agung dan berapa jumlah ayatnya?

J : Surah al-Fatihah, tujuh ayat.

S : Apakah ayat yg paling bijak dan dlm surah apa?

J : Firman Allah Swt :“ Barang siapa yg melakukan kebaikan sebesar biji sawi ia akan lihat, Barang siapa melakukan kejahatan sebesar biji sawi ia akan lihat.. (Surah al-Zalzalah ayat 7-8)

S : Apakah nama Surah yg ada dua sajdahnya?

J : Surah al-Haj ayat 18 dan ayat 77.

S : Pada Kata apakah pertengahan al-Quran itu di Surah apa? ayat no Berapa?

J : وليتلطف Surah al-Kahfi ayat No. 19.

S : Ayat apakah bila dibaca setiap habis Sholat Fardhu dpt mengantarkannya masuk ke dalam surga?

J : Ayat Kursi.

S : Ayat apakah yg diulang-ulang sbyk 31 kali dlm satu Surah dan di Surah apa?

J : Ayat فبأي آلاء ربكما تكذبانِ ) pada Surah al-Rahman.

S : Ayat apakah yg diulang-ulang sbyk 10 kali dlm satu Surah dan di surah apa? Apakah ayat ini ada juga disebut dlm surah lainnya? Di Surah apa?

J : Ayat (ويل يومئذ للمكذبين) pada Surah al-Mursalat, juga ada dlm Surah al-Muthaffifiin ayat No. 10.

S : Apakah Ayat terpanjang dlm al-Quran? pada Surah apa? Ayat berapa?

J : Ayat No 282 hSurah al-Baqarah…

[ru-masculism]

Андроцид. Геноцид иракских курдов

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Контекст

Курды – этническая группа, центром которой является горный регион Курдистан. Курдистан не является суверенным государством – это этногеографическая область, охватывающая юго-восток Турции, северо-запад Ирана, север Ирака и север Сирии. По состоянию на 2020 г., курдское население в Курдистане и за его пределами составляет примерно 30–45 миллионов человек.

После Первой мировой войны и распада Османской империи страны Антанты создавали условия для возникновения суверенного курдского государства, как было обещано в Севрском мирном договоре 1920 года. Всего через три года обещание, данное курдам, было нарушено, поскольку западные союзники хотели задобрить новый турецкий режим Кемаля Ататюрка. Когда Лозаннский договор установил границы современной Турции в 1923 г., не осталось места никаким положениям о суверенном Курдистане. Западные союзники также отказались уступить какие-либо земли в Ираке и Сирии для создания суверенного Курдистана, хотя Ирак и Сирия были переданы Великобритании и Франции в качестве подмандатных территорий.

Последнее столетие было отмечено вооруженной агрессией нескольких государств в отношении Курдистана, поскольку курдские движения боролись против угнетения и дискриминации, а также за расширение культурных прав и независимость. В Ираке и Сирии на данный момент существуют курдские регионы с более высокой степенью автономности, однако их положение по-прежнему неустойчиво.

Демократическая партия Курдистана (ДПК) была основана курдами в Ираке вскоре после окончания Второй мировой войны и стала одной из самых известных курдских организаций сопротивления. Патриотический союз Курдистана (ПСК) был создан в 1975 г. как более радикальная альтернатива ДПК, и разгром ПСК был целью кампании «Анфаль» 1988 года.

В первые годы правления диктатора Саддама Хусейна положение иракских курдов скорее улучшалось. В 1970 г., когда Хусейн еще не был президентом, его партия Баас достигла соглашения с курдскими повстанческими группами, и курды получили определенные права и политическую автономию.

Это соглашение в конечном итоге сорвалось по слишком банальной причине: нефть. Партия Баас начала кампанию арабизации нефтедобывающих районов Курдистана. Курды были изгнаны и заменены арабами из бедных племен южного Ирака, которые, как ожидалось, будут лояльны режиму. В марте 1974 г. ДПК подняла мятеж, вылившийся в полномасштабные военные действия. Около 130 тысяч курдов бежали в Иран в 1975 г., а в марте того же года тысячи курдов, принадлежащих к племени барзан, были изгнаны из своих домов и насильно переселены на бесплодные засушливые земли на юге.

Несколько лет спустя перемещенные мужчины-барзанцы подверглись гендерно-избирательному уничтожению, предвещавшему гораздо более масштабную операцию по истреблению курдского населения – кампанию «Анфаль». Отсутствие протеста международного сообщества по поводу произошедшего с барзанскими курдами, похоже, укрепило веру режима Хусейна в возможность добиться «окончательного решения» в отношении курдов без вмешательства извне.

Показательно, что даже в августе 1988 г., когда операция «Анфаль» находилась на поздней стадии и о применении химического оружия против мирного населения было хорошо известно, Подкомитет ООН по правам человека проголосовал 11 голосами против 8 за то, чтобы не осуждать Ирак за нарушения прав человека. Иракскому режиму, который рассматривался властями США как оплот против исламских фундаменталистских режимов в богатых нефтью регионах, сходили с рук все зверства: Хусейн не терял поддержки своих западных союзников до августа 1990 г., пока не вторгся в соседний Кувейт.

Источники: – Martin van Bruinessen, “Genocide in Kurdistan?”, in George J. Andreopoulos, ed., Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994, pp. 156–157; – Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 4, 26–27; – Khaled Salih, “Anfal: The Kurdish Genocide in Iraq”, Digest of Middle East Studies 4: 2, Spring, 1995; – Kendal Nezan, “When our “friend” Saddam was gassing the Kurds”, Le Monde diplomatique, October 1988.

«Анфаль»

В марте 1987 г. двоюродный брат Саддама Хусейна Али Хасан аль-Маджид, известный своей жестокостью, был назначен генеральным секретарем отделения партии Баас в Иракском Курдистане, и в период его пребывания на данном посту контроль над антипартизанской политикой полностью перешел от армии к партии.

Через несколько месяцев после назначения Маджида было инициировано «окончательное решение курдского вопроса». Кампания, организованная Маджидом, получила циничное название «аль-Анфаль» (араб. «Добыча») и отсылала к одноименной суре Корана.

Она состояла из восьми этапов, и семь из них были нацелены на районы, контролируемые Патриотическим Союзом Курдистана (ПСК). В то время, как в кампании участвовало около 200 тысяч иракских солдат, курдские повстанческие силы насчитывали всего несколько тысяч человек.

Кампания «Анфаль», в ходе которой правительство Саддама Хусейна подвергло курдов массовому истреблению, проводилась в период с конца февраля по начало сентября 1988 г. Эта геноцидальная операция содержала в себе аспекты гендерцида и была направлена не только на ликвидацию курдского повстанчества, но и на арабизацию стратегически важных районов северного Ирака. «Анфаль» была частью более продолжительной кампании, приведшей к уничтожению примерно 4500 курдских и 30 ассирийских поселений на севере Ирака. Кампания также привела к исходу по меньшей мере 1 из 3,5 миллионов курдов, на тот момент проживавших в Ираке.

По данным Human Rights Watch (HRW), основными целями кампании являлись курдские мужчины мобилизационного возраста: «Очевидно, что целью кампании “Анфаль” было уничтожение всех мужчин мобилизационного возраста, схваченных в сельских районах Иракского Курдистана» (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 96, 170).

Под руководством аль-Маджида в кампании «Анфаль» принимали активное участие как иракские военные подразделения, так и курдские коллаборационисты – так называемые силы Джаш. Джаш помогли военным определять местоположение курдских поселений, не отмеченных на карте, и укрытия курдов в горах. Помимо прочего, Джаш использовались режимом для выманивания курдов из укрытий под ложным предлогом предоставления безопасного прохода или амнистии.

Истребление курдов включало в себя наземные наступательные операции, массовые депортации, систематическое уничтожение поселений, расстрелы, применение химического оружия и авиаударов. «К моменту окончания геноцидального безумия 90% курдских деревень и больше 20 городков были стерты с лица земли. Земли покрылись 15 миллионами мин, сделавших ведение сельского хозяйства невозможным, а 1,5 миллиона курдских крестьян были отправлены в концлагеря» (Kendal Nezan, “When our ‘friend’ Saddam was gassing the Kurds”, Le Monde diplomatique, March 1998).

К концу Анфальской кампании было истреблено не менее 50 тысяч курдских крестьян. Установить точную численность убитых затруднительно. Некоторые источники на основе других оценок, выводов и свидетельских показаний заявляют о более высоких показателях – до 110 тысяч погибших: «На основе обширных интервью в Курдистане и изучения сохранившихся иракских документов Шореш Ресул, курдский исследователь, <…> определил число погибших в период террора Маджида от 60 до 110 тысяч» (Jonathan C. Randal, “After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness? My Encounters With Kurdistan”, 1998, p. 230).

Кеннет Рот, директор HRW, упоминал о «100 тысячах курдских мужчин и мальчиков, расстрелянных во время геноцида “Анфаль” в 1988 году», то есть, если прибавить к мужчинам другие группы, число жертв кампании значительно превысит отметку в сто тысяч (Kenneth Roth, “Show Trials Are Not the Solution to Saddam’s Heinous Reign”, The Globe and Mail, 18 July 2003).

Источники: – Amnesty International, “Iraq: ‘Disappearances’ – the agony continues”; – Certrez, Donabed, and Makko (2012). The Assyrian Heritage: Threads of Continuity and Influence. Uppsala University. p. 288; – BBC News, “Killing of Iraq Kurds ´genocide´, 23 December, 2005 [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4555000.stm]; – Human Rights Watch Report, “Whatever Happened to the Iraqi Kurds?”, 1991 [https://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm].

Гендерный аспект

В июне 1987 г. аль-Маджид выпустил директиву SF/4008, в пункте №5 которой были обозначены «запретные зоны». Когда директива вступила в силу, Маджид приказал, чтобы все лица в возрасте от 15 до 70 лет, задержанные в населенных пунктах в пределах данных зон, были допрошены службами безопасности, а после допроса – казнены.

Несмотря на то, что в приказе прямо не упоминался пол, под целями для задержаний и казней подразумевались только мужчины.

Обратимся к отчету HRW: «Согласно директивам аль-Маджида от июня 1987 г., всякий мужчина мобилизационного возраста, схваченный в районе проведения кампании “Анфаль”, приговаривался к смерти по умолчанию» (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, p. 14).

В сентябре 1987 г. вышла новая директива, призывающая к «депортации <…> курдских семей в районы дислокации родственников диверсантов <…> за исключением мужчин [членов семей] в возрасте от 12 до 50 лет включительно – их следует схватить» (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, p. 298).

Когда захваченных курдов доставляли в пенитенциарные учреждения, мальчиков и мужчин, считавшихся «боеспособными», отделяли от остальных, что является типичной для убийств по половому признаку практикой на протяжении всей истории.

HRW опубликовали несколько заметок о стандартной схеме сортировки новоприбывших в концлагерь Топзава близ Киркука, что примерно в 150 милях к северу от Багдада.

«Мужчин и женщин отделяли друг от друга на месте, как только грузовики останавливались в главном дворе базы или на плацу. Процесс осуществлялся с жестокостью <…> Чуть позже мужчин разделяли еще и по возрасту: маленьких детей оставляли с матерями, а стариков и немощных отселяли в отдельные помещения. Мужчин и мальчиков-подростков, которые, как считалось, достигли мобилизационного возраста, собирали вместе. Грубо говоря, это были мужчины в возрасте от 15 до 50 лет, но строгой проверки документов, удостоверяющих личность, не проводилось, и возраст, как видно, был менее весомым критерием, чем антропометрия и внешний вид. Высокого двенадцатилетку могли оставить, а низкорослого шестнадцатилетнего парня – отправить к родственницам. <…> Далее молодых мужчин дробили на еще более мелкие группы. <…> После регистрации заключенных загоняли в большие камеры, каждая из которых была забита жителями одного конкретного района. <…> И хотя условия в Топзаве были ужасающими для всех, самой переполненной частью лагеря, как видно, была та, в которой содержались мужчины. <…> Избиения заключенных мужского пола в Топзаве были обычным делом» (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 143–145).

HRW также сообщает, что все взрослые и подростки мужского пола были казнены через несколько дней после прибытия в лагерь.

«Отдельные группы заключенных были выстроены в шеренгу и расстреляны спереди, после чего их тела закопали в заранее вырытых братских могилах; других заставили лечь парами вплотную друг к другу <...> рядом с горами свежих трупов, прежде чем убить их; третьих связывали вместе, ставили на край ямы и стреляли в спину, чтобы они падали в нее вперед, – этот метод убийцы считали наиболее эффективным. Затем бульдозеры засыпали трупы тоннами земли или песка. Некоторые могилы состояли из десятков отдельных ям, очевидно, содержавших тела тысяч жертв» (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, p. 12).

Как упоминалось ранее, кампания состояла из восьми этапов, и гендерная динамика курдского геноцида в зависимости от этапа различалась. Например, нет никаких сообщений о массовых убийствах мирных жителей на первом этапе, то есть с 23 февраля по 19 марта 1988 г.

Наиболее зверские акты андроцида имели место на заключительном этапе кампании, с 25 августа по 6 сентября. Этот этап начался сразу после заключения соглашения о прекращении огня с Ираном, поскольку теперь части армии и припасы можно было перебросить с юга на север. Данный этап проводился на четырех тысячах квадратных миль в Загросских горах, и поначалу многих курдских мужчин даже не отправляли в лагеря – их просто убивали на месте сразу после задержания. Когда сотрудники HRW позднее исследовали последний этап кампании, выжившие курды предоставили им списки людей, пропавших без вести. Списки, предоставленные курдами, за исключением курдов-езидов, состояли исключительно из взрослых и молодых мужчин, что указывает на крайне жесткий отбор по полу. Для ассирийцев, халдейских христиан и курдов-езидов отбор по полу был менее жестким (Human Rights Watch, “Iraq’s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds”, Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 178, 190, 192, 209–213).

(От ред. CMS.) Много позже бывшие друзья и покровители Саддама Хусейна наконец покончили с чудовищем, которое сами и взрастили. В итоге тиран предстал перед трибуналом, в том числе за истребление мужского курдского населения Ирака, и был повешен. Казни и пожизненным срокам подверглись и некоторые из других высокопоставленных организаторов геноцида иракских курдов, включая аль-Маджида. По понятным причинам западные политики, долгое время снабжавшие диктатора оружием и иными средствами, не были призваны к ответу. Это еще одна поучительная история, убеждающая нас в том, что не существовало и никогда не будет существовать никакого «хорошего Запада», спешащего спасти угнетенных и гонимых и сокрушить тиранию усатых и плешивых.

[lembayungsenja]

Olahraga obrol

Tadi pagi diskusi cukup dalam dengan my twin temen sebangku waktu kelas XII, partner olahraga beberapa pekan terakhir (baru beberapa kali sih). Iya, olahraganya 30 menit, tapi ngobrol diskusinya bisa sampai 1 jam wkwk. Dua kali lipatnya. Dari topik yang ringan sampai cukup berat. I got some point of what we discussed this morning.

Hidup tuh kan memang banyak ujian ya, apalagi untuk kita sebagai manusia. Allah juga udah bilang negesin di QS Al Ankabut ayat 2, yang mungkin udah pada familiar dengan terjemahannya, “Apakah manusia menduga bahwa mereka dibiarkan mengatakan ‘kami beriman’ sementara mereka belum diuji?” Nah loh, belum lagi di ayat lain Allah juga bilang, bahwa kita akan diuji dengan keburukan dan bahkan kebaikan (QS Al Anbiya: 35), ketakutan, kelaparan, dan kekurangan harta sebagaimana disebut dalam QS Al Baqarah: 155. Selain itu ada juga disebutkan bahwa harta dan anak-anak (kelak) bisa menjadi cobaan (QS Al Anfal: 28).

Tapi kali ini bukan untuk membahas tentang semua hal di atas yang berpotensi menjadi ujian dalam hidup, karena sudah pasti aku tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk mengulasnya. Kali ini lebih kepada, ternyata, sikap kita terhadap segala hal potensi-potensi masalah ujian itu, pada akhirnya mengelompokkan kita manusia pada beberapa golongan (golongan ini bukan terkait kasta, status, dll ya), di antaranya sebagai berikut:

Ada yang, mereka orang-orang yang udah tau nih, ke depan itu berpotensi akan menghadapi ujian dari hasilnya mengidetifikasi masalah pada waktu sekarang, lalu kemudian dengan mantap maju terus pantang mundur, tentu dengan upaya mitigasinya, sekecil memikirkan jalan keluarnya dari sekarang kira-kira nanti akan gimana menghadapinya. Ibarat mau ujian tapi sudah siap dengan persiapan yang matang, sudah belajar sebelumnya. Jadi gak akan kaget-kaget amat atau gak terlalu bingung harus apa jika nanti di kemudian hari di hadapkan pada situasi masalah atau ujian tersebut. Orang-orang yang mindful, open-mind dan suka dengan tantangan barang kali termasuk golongan ini.

Kedua, ada golongan atau tipe orang-orang yang saat mereka sudah tau apa saja potensi-potensi atau sumber-sumber masalah dalam hidup mereka nantinya, tapi memilih “mengikuti ujian” namun dengan tanpa persiapan. Mereka yang sedari awal cenderung berpikir “gimana nanti” dibanding “nanti gimana”. Jadinya ya, bingung nanti menghadapinya, karena minim referensi. Sebenarnya gak salah sih, pun upaya mitigasi yang saat ini kita siapkan misalnya, hanya sebatas sesuai dengan variabel-variabel yang ada dan kita ketahui saat ini. Variabel-variabel yang ada nanti ya beda lagi, jadi dipikir nanti aja. Agaknya ada yang berpikir seperti itu.  

Ada juga mereka yang ketika sudah tau apa yang menjadi potensi-potensi ujiannya di kemudian hari, alih-alih berusaha menghadapinya, mereka memilih menghindar. Langsung menilai diri sendiri gak mampu, menilai masalah-masalah yang entah nanti di depan itu tidak akan fit dengan kapasitas diri. Alhasil menawar, cari jalan yang lain misalnya. Belum juga masuk ruang ujian, malah muter balik, wkwk. Ternyata ada lho yang begitu.

Terakhir, adalah orang-orang yang sejauh mereka menjalani hidup ini, mereka sadar betul bahwa mereka sulit mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang akan menjadi potensi masalah atau ujian yang akan mereka hadapi. Kesulitan menemukan celahnya karena merasa semua baik-baik saja, aman atau bahkan terlampau sempurna. Walaupun mereka begitu, tetapi mereka juga sadar untuk menyerahkan segala sesuatunya itu kepada sang pencipta. Mereka sadar mereka sulit mengidentifikasi dan akhirnya membuat mereka berpikir berarti mereka akan diuji dengan segala sesuatu yang sifatnya unexpected. Akan diuji pada sesuatu yang belum pernah terbayang sebelumnya. Terbayang saja belum, apalagi memikirkan mitigasinya. Tapi mereka memilih berpasrah, apapun soal ujiannya, hayuk aja, semoga bisa melaluinya. Ada, ada yang seperti itu.

Kalau katanya Ust. Salim A. Fillah, ”Masalah itu sudah diukur bukan untuk menguji kemampuan kita, masalah diberikan Allah untuk menguji kemauan kita. Mau gak kembali kepadaNya? Mau gak mengandalkan Dia? Mau gak mendekat kepadaNya? Mau gak untuk terus berkomunikasi dengan Dia?”

.

Kalau kamu tipe yang mana?

#100623

[dailytafsirofquran]

Tafsir Ibn Kathir: Surah Al-Anfal Ayah 30

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

8:30 And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expel you (from your home, Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of plotters.

The Makkans plot to kill the Prophet, imprison Him or expel Him from Makkah

Allah reminds;

And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expel you (from your home, Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of plotters.

Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah ,)H#ُِ (Liyuthbitukaِْ=8ُ َك

means "to imprison you.'' As-Suddi said,

"Ithbat is to confine or to shackle.''

said,

Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, the author of Al- Maghazi, reported from Abdullah bin Abi Najih, from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas,

"Some of the chiefs of the various tribes of Quraysh gathered in Dar An-Nadwah (their conference area) and Iblis (Shaytan) met them in the shape of an eminent old man. When they saw him, they asked, `Who are you?'

He said, `An old man from Najd. I heard that you are having a meeting, and I wished to attend your meeting. You will benefit from my opinion and advice.'

They said, `Agreed, come in.'

He entered with them. Iblis said, `You have to think about this man (Muhammad)! By Allah, he will soon overwhelm you with his matter (religion).'

One of them said, `Imprison him, restrained in chains, until he dies just like the poets before him all died, such as Zuhayr and An-Nabighah! Verily, he is a poet like they were.'

The old man from Najd, the enemy of Allah, commented, `By Allah! This is not a good idea. His Lord will release him from his prison to his companions, who will liberate him from your hands. They will protect him from you and they might expel you from your land.'

They said, `This old man said the truth. Therefore, seek an opinion other than this one.'

Another one of them said, `Expel him from your land, so that you are free from his trouble! If he leaves your land, you will not be bothered by what he does or where he goes, as long as he is not among you to bring you troubles, he will be with someone else.'

The old man from Najd replied, `By Allah! This is not a good opinion. Have you forgotten his sweet talk and eloquence, as well as, how his speech captures the hearts By Allah! This way, he will collect even more followers among Arabs, who will gather against you and attack you in your own land, expel you and kill your chiefs.'

They said, `He has said the truth, by Allah! Therefore, seek an opinion other than this one.'

Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, spoke next, `By Allah! I have an idea that no one else has suggested yet, and I see no better opinion for you. Choose a strong, socially elevated young man from each tribe, and give each one of them a sharp sword. Then they would all strike Muhammad at the same time with their swords and kill him. Hence, his blood would be shed by all tribes. This way, his tribe, Banu Hashim, would realize that they cannot wage war against all of the Quraysh tribes and would be forced to agree to accept the blood money; we would have brought comfort to ourselves and stopped him from bothering us.'

The old man from Najd commented, `By Allah! This man has expressed the best opinion, and I do not support any other opinion.'

They quickly ended their meeting and started preparing for the implementation of this plan.

Jibril came to the Prophet and commanded him not to sleep in his bed that night and conveyed to him the news of their plot. The Messenger of Allah did not sleep in his house that night, and Allah gave him permission to migrate. After the Messenger migrated to Al-Madinah, Allah revealed to him Surah Al-Anfal reminding him of His favors and the bounties He gave him,

And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expel you (from Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of plotters.

Allah replied to the pagans' statement that they should await the death of the Prophet, just as the poets before him perished, as they claimed,

Or do they say: "He is a poet! We await for him some calamity by time!'' (52:30)

As-Suddi narrated a similar story. Allah next tells;

...they were plotting and Allah too was plotting, and Allah is the best of plotters.

Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Muhammad bin Jafar bin Az-Zubayr, from Urwah bin Az-Zubayr who commented on Allah's statement,

"I (Allah) plotted against them with My sure planning, and I saved you (O Muhammad) from them.''

#god #allah #islam #quran #ayat #hadith #dua #religion #pray #prayer #salah #muslim #muslimah #revert #revert to islam #convert #convert to islam #help #revert help #islam help #revert help team #welcome to islam

[almaqead]

"The Seizure." From Surah Al Anfal, "The Spoils."

Ramadan Day 30

President Biden has yet to clear the government of the mold and mildew of the Republican Party and the people of Ukraine are still fighting for their lives. The world is not turning. The burden of its rotation always falls squarely upon the shoulders of the people who believe in Allah and trust His Prophet.

Nothing of Donald Trump, his Republican Party, his religion, his children, his memory, must remain to continue to blight this country or the world. The same goes for Russia. It's people and land must be free, now and forever. If President BIden will not do what has to be done, if the people of Russia cannot triumph on their own, if Zakah is all but gone and the righteousness of Israel cannot prevail, there must be Jihad. This is the most strenuous message of the Quran.

8:48-53:

And ˹remember˺ when Satan made their ˹evil˺ deeds appealing to them, and said, “No one can overcome you today. I am surely by your side.” But when the two forces faced off, he cowered and said, “I have absolutely nothing to do with you. I certainly see what you do not see. I truly fear Allah, for Allah is severe in punishment.”

˹Remember˺ when the hypocrites and those with sickness in their hearts said, “These ˹believers˺ are deluded by their faith.” But whoever puts their trust in Allah, surely Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.

If only you could see when the angels take the souls of the disbelievers, beating their faces and backs, ˹saying,˺ “Taste the torment of burning!

This is ˹the reward˺ for what your hands have done. And Allah is never unjust to ˹His˺ creation.”

Their fate is that of the people of Pharaoh and those before them—they all disbelieved in Allah’s signs, so Allah seized them for their sins. Indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, severe in punishment.

This is because Allah would never discontinue His favour to a people until they discontinue their faith. Surely Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.

Commentary:

President Biden needs to stop fucking around with abortion activists, the corruption within the Republican Party and the resurgance of the Trump Camapign. They came back from recess and did not agree to help Ukraine, and Donald Trump is a pedophile, a fraud, and a graven image.

All around the world, the corrupt are victorious and their victims are scared, hurt, dying, and without hope. The Hour is nigh.

There are too many clear signs these things which are unfolding are not of God. The White House must act.

The Russians need to leave Ukraine in peace and the people of Africa, Israel, South America, all across the Middle East need to be free of tyranny. They need citizenship, representation, places to live, food, water, health care, educations and to be shown they are all loved.

The Republicans, Mormons, Evangelicals, Hamas, Hezbollah, et al, in contrast, must be scorched from this earth as recompense for the evil they have done.

Once President Biden agrees to put the Republicans into the fire, and regime change is underway in Russia, all mankind must gather to discuss how persons who are suffering from oppression shall attain at once to full citizenship in this human race. This will ensure the return of Zakah to the planet earth and with it the favor of God for those who fought.

Now take to the streets and the air waves and insist God's will be done.

[hmgn3]

24-January 散財記録

02(tue) ・沼尾翔子 / Live at Ftarri - Lena (2023, CD) ・Moor Mother / Fetish Bones (2016, used LP) ・Kammerflimmer Kollektief / Hysteria (2000, used LP) ・Steve Waring / Albert A L'Envers - Le Stylo D'Einstein (1981, used 7inch) ・Galo Preto / Galo Preto (1981, used LP) ・Flor Du Xique Xique / O Canto Da Terra (1977, used LP) 03(wed) ・Svenska Folkjazzkvartetten / Folkjazz Anfaller (2022, used LP) ・ECD / 軽いハズミで (2005, used 12inch) ・Stock, Hausen & Walkman / Broccoli (1998, used 7inch) ・Eckard Koltermann & Kollégas / Umtriebe (1985, used LP) ・Raul De Souza / Colors (1975, used LP) ・Brass Ensemble of the Jazz and Classical Music Society / Music for Brass (1957, used LP) 07(sun) ・KUDU / I've Been Hit (2001, used 12inch) ・Amnesiac Godz & Country Teasers / Guided Missile Split Single (1999, used 7inch) ・Billie Holiday / A Portrait of Billie Holiday 1935~1942 (1979, used 2LP) ・浅川マキ / MAKI II (1971, used LP) 13(sat) ・Hochzeitskapelle & Japanese Friends / The Orchestra in the Sky (Kobe Recordings) (2023, 2LP) 18(thu) ・Sono / Hyperballad (2006, used 10inch) ・Kid Koala & Amon Tobin / Heavyweight Art Installation, Phase One: 1999 North American Tour, Live Painting Series (2000, used 7inch) 19(fri) ・Yves/Son/Ace / Unsung (2011, used LP) ・Kevin Shields / False Prophet (2006, used LP) ・It's a Blackbean and Placenta Christmas (1997, used LP) 20(sat) ・Aaron Joseph Russo / Baby Blue (2022, used 7inch) ・Project Mama Earth / Mama Earth (2017, used LP) ・Kammerflimmer Kollektief / Remixed Part 1 (2005, used 12inch) ・Nobukazu Takemura / Scope (1999, used LP) ・Algebra Spaghetti (A Children's Fantasypop Album) (1998, used LP) 22(sun) ・Kilder / Don't Hide (2021, used LP) ・Konono No. 1 & The Dead C / Split Series #18 (2005, used 12inch) ・Starving Artists Crew / Up Pops the Sac (2004, used 2LP) ・Ruins & Schlong / Ruins & Schlong (1994, used 7inch) ・Baby Laurence / Dancemaster (1976, used LP) ・The Pentangle / Light Flight (1973, used 7inch) ・Raymond Scott and His Orchestra / This Time With Strings (1957, used LP) ・Georges Jouvin Sa Trompette d'Or et Son Orchestre / Trumpet Fantasy (?, used 10inch) 25(thu) ・Thought Gang / Thought Gang (2018, used 2LP) 27(sat) ・Colophon / Spring (2002, used 10inch) ・Surfer's De Los Campeones / Checkered Flag (1963, used 10inch) 29(mon) ・Travel Through Time and Texture / Floating Bus Stop (2010, CD-R) ・water music (2006, CD) ・toreo sessions 5 2003.06.08 nanba bears / night in OSAKA (2003, CD-R) ・toreo sessions 6 2003.07.19 okayama pepperland / borzoi meets ju and taguti (2003, CD-R) ・Electric Ear / IIIIIII (?, CD-R) 30(tue) ・Pyrolator / Niemandsland (2022, used LP) ・Scout Niblett / It's Up to Emma (2013, used LP) ・Scout Niblett / The Calcination of Scout Niblett (2010, used LP)

#disc

[beardedbluebirdcheesecake]

Daily Al-Quran sura Al- Tauba Verse 1to 30

This sura is only sura which is start without name of Allah .In this sura Allah come in point directly so some people says this is part of sura Al- Anfal

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#dailyprompt-2080

[sarkarhealingsblog]

Quran Dua for Safety while travelling, Dua for Protection

Quran Verses for Protection During Traveling: Powerful Duas for Safety Table of contents • Introduction • Verse 1: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:255) • Verse 2: Surah At-Tawbah (9:129) • Verse 3: Surah Al-Anfal (8:30) • Verse 4: Surah Al-Mulk (67:29) • Conclusion Introduction Introduction: Are you planning a trip? Worried about the uncertainties that may come your way while traveling? Well, fear not! The…

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#Dua for Safety #Dua for travelling #Quran DUa #Quran Verses

[blogalloh]

Alhamdulillah Ridlo Dengan Takdir Alloh, Membuat Alloh Ridlo Untuk Kebaikanmu. Dengan Skenario-Nya Yang Mudah & Indah. #Dakwah #Islam

Di dalam Al-Quran Allah berfirman: وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ Artinya: “Dan (ingatlah), ketika orang-orang kafir (Quraisy) memikirkan daya upaya terhadapmu untuk menangkap dan memenjarakanmu, atau membunuhmu, atau mengusirmu. Mereka memikirkan tipu daya dan Allah menggagalkan tipu daya itu. Dan Allah sebaik-baik Pembalas tipu daya.” (QS Al-Anfal [8]: 30). Alhamdulillah Ridlo Dengan Takdir Alloh, Membuat Alloh Ridlo Untuk Kebaikanmu. Dengan Skenario-Nya Yang Mudah & Indah. Imam Ahmad menguraikan berkenaan dengan firman Allah tersebut, berkaitan dengan orang-orang kafir Quraisy yang tengah menggelar pertemuan di Makkah, dengan satu tujuan hendak menangkap, memenjarakan, atau membunuh atau mengusir Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam. Mereka gelisah dan ketakutan dengan dakwah Nabi yang makin hari makin banyak orang bersimpati bahkan bergabung ke dalam ajarannya, Al-Islam. Ajaran yang mengajarkan agar menyembah, beribadah, berhukum, berpemimpin dan setia hanya kepada Allah robbul ‘alamin. Ya, dakwah yang sangat fenomenal sepanjang 13 tahun di Mekkah, telah memberikan pengaruh sangat besar hari demi hari di kalangan masyarakat, khususnya di kalangan para pemuda. Para pejabat, pembesar, tokoh di kota Mekkah pun melakukan rapat gabungan untuk mengantisipasi pesatnya perkembangan dakwah Islam. Dalam rapat tersebut telah diketengahkan tiga rencana; pertama  menjebloskan Nabi ke dalam penjara. Kedua, mengucilkan Nabi jauh dari kota Mekkah. Dan ketiga, membunuh Nabi. Akhirnya dipilih rencana ketiga untuk membunuh Nabi. Pada ayat lain Allah menyebutnya dengan: وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الأرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا وَإِذًا لَا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلافَكَ إِلا قَلِيلا Artinya: “Dan sesungguhnya benar-benar mereka hampir membuatmu gelisah di negeri (Mekkah) untuk mengusirmu darinya; dan kalau terjadi demikian, niscaya-sepeninggalmu mereka tidak tinggal, melainkan sebentar saja”. (QS Al-Isra [17]: 76). Pada saat itu juga, Fatimah puteri Nabi, masuk menemui Nabi, yang juga ayahnya, seraya menangis. Maka Nabi bertanya, “Wahai puteriku, apakah yang menyebabkan engkau menangis?” Fatimah menjawab, “Wahai ayahku, bagaimana aku tidak menangis, sedangkan golongan orang-orang yang terkemuka dari kabilah Quraisy telah membuat perjanjian atas nama Lata, Uzza, dan Manat di Hijir, bahwa seandainya mereka melihatmu, maka mereka akan bersama-sama bangkit ke arahmu untuk membunuh­mu secara beramai-ramai. Tidak ada seorang pun dari mereka melainkan telah mengenali bagiannya dari darahmu.” Beliau pun kemudian meminta kepada puterinya, “Ambilkanlah air wudhu untukku.” Lalu Rasulullah berwudhu, kemudian keluar menuju masjid. Ketika mereka orang-orang kafir Quraisy melihat Nabi, mereka serentak berteriak, “Ini dia orangnya!” Namun dengan serta merta kepala mereka tiba-tiba tertunduk dan mereka tidak dapat mengangkat pandangannya. Lalu Rasulullah mengambil segenggam pasir dan menaburkannya di atas kepala mereka seraya bersabda, “Semoga wajah-wajah ini kelilipan.” Maka, kelak pada Perang Badar setelah Nabi hijrah ke Madinah, tiada seorang lelaki pun dari mereka yang terkena oleh pasir itu, melainkan tewas di medan tempur Perang Badar dalam keadaan kafir. Allah pasti sangat mengetahui hal itu, dan memperlihatkan kepada Nabi-Nya tercinta atas hal itu. Maka Ali bin Abi Thalib ditugasi Nabi untuk tidur di tempat tidur Nabi sementara beliau keluar rumah. Lalu beliau keluar sendirian melewati kaum Musyrik yang telah berada di depan pintu rumahnya. Nabi pun atas perintah Allah, menebarkan pasir kepada mereka, dan seketika mereka tertidur, kemudian beliau taburkan pasir itu ke atas kepala mereka. Mereka tidak dapat melihatnya karena Allah telah menutupi mata mereka dari Nabi-Nya hingga mereka tidak dapat melihatnya. Nabi saat itu membaca firman-Nya

, Surat Yaasiin ayat 1-9: يسٓ (١) وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ (٢) إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ (٣) عَلَىٰ صِرَٲطٍ۬ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ۬ (٤) تَنزِيلَ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ (٥) لِتُنذِرَ قَوۡمً۬ا مَّآ أُنذِرَ ءَابَآؤُهُمۡ فَهُمۡ غَـٰفِلُونَ (٦) لَقَدۡ حَقَّ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ عَلَىٰٓ أَكۡثَرِهِمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ (٧) إِنَّا جَعَلۡنَا فِىٓ أَعۡنَـٰقِهِمۡ أَغۡلَـٰلاً۬ فَهِىَ إِلَى ٱلۡأَذۡقَانِ فَهُم مُّقۡمَحُونَ (٨) وَجَعَلۡنَا مِنۢ بَيۡنِ أَيۡدِيہِمۡ سَدًّ۬ا وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ سَدًّ۬ا فَأَغۡشَيۡنَـٰهُمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا يُبۡصِرُونَ (٩) Artinya: “Yaa Siin. (1) Demi Al Qur’an yang penuh hikmah, (2) sesungguhnya kamu salah seorang dari rasul-rasul, (3) [yang berada] di atas jalan yang lurus, (4) [sebagai wahyu] yang diturunkan oleh Yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Penyayang. (5) Agar kamu memberi peringatan kepada kaum yang bapak-bapak mereka belum pernah diberi peringatan, karena itu mereka lalai. (6) Sesungguhnya telah pasti berlaku perkataan [ketentuan Allah] terhadap kebanyakan mereka, karena mereka tidak beriman. (7) Sesungguhnya Kami telah memasang belenggu di leher mereka, lalu tangan mereka [diangkat] ke dagu, maka karena itu mereka tertengadah. (8) Dan Kami adakan di hadapan mereka dinding dan di belakang mereka dinding [pula], dan Kami tutup [mata] mereka sehingga mereka tidak dapat melihat. (9). (QS Yasin [36]: 1-9). Pada saat mereka memasuki pagi hari, mereka menyerbu. Saat mereka melihat Ali, mereka bertanya, ���Mana sahabatmu ini?” Ali pun menjawab, “Saya tidak tahu.” Lalu mereka mengikuti jejak Muhammad yang mereka cari. Setelah mereka sampai di bukit, mereka menjadi kebingungan, lalu mereka menaiki bukit itu dan melewati Goa Tsur. Mereka melihat pada mulut gua itu ada sarang laba-laba. Mereka berkata, “Seandainya Muhammad memasukinya di sini, pastilah sarang laba-laba ini tidak ada.” Setelah tiga hari tiga malam bersembunyi di dalam Goa Tsur, Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam disertai sahabat setianya Abu bakar Ash-Shiddiq melanjutkan perjalanan hijrah ke Madinah. Lalu, setibanya di Madinah, Allah menurunkan kepadanya surat Al-Anfal ayat 30 tersebut, yang artinya: “Dan (ingatlah), ketika orang-orang kafir (Quraisy) memikirkan daya upaya terhadapmu untuk menangkap dan memenjarakanmu, atau membunuhmu, atau mengusirmu. Mereka memikirkan tipu daya dan Allah menggagalkan tipu daya itu. Dan Allah sebaik-baik Pembalas tipu daya.” (QS Al-Anfal [8]: 30). Dari ayat tersevut paling tidak terdapat dua dua hal besar yang dapat kita ambil pelajarannya. Pertama, logika, tipu daya, makar, dari para penentang dakwah Allah adalah dengan menebar ancaman penjara, teror dan pengucilan. Sedangkan cara yang dilakukan para Nabi dalam menyebarkand akwahnya adalah dengan mengajar, membina, dan membersihkan jiwa. Kedua, Allah tidak tidur, “Gusti Allah mboten sare”, kata orang Jawa. Bahwa Allah akan senantiasa melindungi para pengikut jalan kebenaran. Karena itu, barangsiapa yang melakukan konspirasi terhadap mereka kaum Mukminin, terhadap orang-orang shalih, terhadap ulama pewaris para Nabi, maka berarti akan berhadapan dengan Allah. Dan Allah sendiri yang akan membalasnya. Dan melindungi, menyelamatkan, menolong serta membela orang-orang beriman adalah memang sudah menjadi kewajiban Allah. Seperti Allah tegaskan di dalam ayat: ثُمَّ نُنَجِّى رُسُلَنَا وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ‌ۚ كَذَٲلِكَ حَقًّا عَلَيۡنَا نُنجِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ (١٠٣) Artinya: “Kemudian Kami selamatkan Rasul-Rasul Kami dan orang-orang yang beriman, demikianlah menjadi kewajiban atas Kami menyelamatkan orang-orang yang beriman”. (QS Yunus [10]: 103). Semoga Allah menolong mereka orang-orang beriman yang istiqamah, ikhlas dan bersungguh-sungguh dalam menegakkan agama Allah. Aamiin. (RS2/RS1)  Mi’raj Islamic News Agency (MINA) Sumber : https://minanews.net/allah-sebaik-baik-pembalas-tipu-daya/ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْم – قُلْ هُوَ اللّٰهُ اَحَدٌۚ – اَللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُۚ – لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُوْلَدْۙ – وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهٗ كُفُوًا ا

َحَدٌ Allohumma solli ‘alaa muhammad, wa ‘alaa aali muhammad, kamaa sollaita ‘alaa aali ibroohim, wa baarik ‘alaa muhammad, wa ‘alaa aali muhammad, kamaa baarokta ‘alaa aali ibroohim, fil ‘aalamiina innaka hamiidummajiid. Allâhumma-ghfir liummati sayyidinâ muhammadin, allâhumma-rham ummata sayyidinâ muhammadin, allâhumma-stur ummata sayyidinâ muhammadin. Allahumma maghfiratuka awsa’u min dzunubi wa rahmatuka arja ‘indi min ‘amali. Alhamdulillah Ridlo Dengan Takdir Alloh, Membuat Alloh Ridlo Untuk Kebaikanmu. Dengan Skenario-Nya Yang Mudah & Indah.

#13Taqdir #ridlo #ridloAlloh #takdir #umarbinkhotob #Alloh #blogAlloh #skenario #syukur #taqdir

[freakdaafragile-blog]

Allah dapat mengubah situasi yang paling tidak ada harapan menjadi momen terbaik dalam hidup anda dan Allah adalah sebaik-baik perancang. (QS. Al-Anfal 8:30)

[einereiseblog]

Heißes Wandern kann genauso gefährlich sein wie ein Ausflug bei stürmischem Wetter. Hier teilen wir wichtige Informationen darüber, wie man Hitzeerschöpfung erkennt, behandelt und vermeidet An den Hängen des Mount Matavanu-Kraters fing ich vor Erschöpfung fast an zu weinen. Wir näherten uns dem Ende einer sechsstündigen Wanderung in sengender Hitze, eine Leistung, die wir dummerweise mit nur einem Liter Wasser versucht hatten. Nach potenziell riskanten Unternehmungen wie dem Trekking auf einem aktiven Vulkan und dem ersten Tauchen waren wir mit einer Tageswanderung zufrieden, da wir die unerbittliche Sonne Samoas nicht berücksichtigt hatten. Am Ende waren wir völlig erschöpft und völlig geschlagen. Wir haben uns geschworen, nie wieder eine heiße Wanderung ohne angemessene Vorbereitung zu unternehmen. Um anderen zu helfen, sicher zu bleiben, haben wir einen Leitfaden zusammengestellt, wie man Hitzeerschöpfung beim Wandern in der Hitze erkennt, behandelt und vermeidet. Erkenne Hitzeerschöpfung Zunächst ist es wichtig, zwischen Hitzeerschöpfung und Hitzschlag zu unterscheiden. Hitzschlag ist, wenn Ihr Körper sehr heiß wird und beginnt, Wasser oder Salz zu verlieren. Hitzschlag ist, wenn Ihr Körper sich nicht mehr abkühlen kann und seine Temperatur gefährlich hoch wird (104°F / 40°C oder höher). Es kann als „Sonnenstich“ bezeichnet werden, wenn die Symptome durch längere Sonneneinstrahlung verursacht werden. Ein Hitzschlag ist seltener, aber schwerwiegender und kann Ihre lebenswichtigen Organe belasten. Es ist wichtig, beide Zustände erkennen zu können, zumal ein Hitzschlag unbehandelt zu einem Hitzschlag führen kann. Symptome einer Hitzeerschöpfung Starker DurstSich schwach und müde fühlenOhnmachts- oder SchwindelgefühlPochende KopfschmerzenÜbelkeit und ErbrechenMuskelkrämpfeStarkes SchwitzenGerötete HautSchneller HerzschlagSeltener urinieren und viel dunkleren Urin als gewöhnlich haben Symptome eines Hitzschlags VerwirrtheitOrientierungslosigkeitKrampfanfallBewusstseinsverlust Dziajda/Shutterstock Es ist wichtig zu wissen, wie man Hitzeerschöpfung erkennt BEHANDELN SIE HITZEERSCHÖPFUNG Ruhen Sie sich an einem kühlen Ort aus: Finden Sie Schatten und ruhen Sie sich mindestens 30 Minuten lang aus. Legen Sie sich hin, wenn möglich. Wenn Ihre Symptome schwerwiegend sind, sollten Sie warten, bis die Sonne tiefer am Himmel steht, bevor Sie die Aktivität wieder aufnehmen. Natürlich sollten Sie für genügend Tageslicht sorgen, um die Wanderung sicher beenden zu können. Entfernen Sie überschüssige Kleidung: Ziehen Sie enge oder schwere Kleidung aus, damit die Luft um Ihren Körper zirkulieren kann. Kühlen Sie Ihre Haut: Verwenden Sie ein feuchtes Buff oder Tuch oder eine Kühlpackung, um Ihren Hals und Ihre Achselhöhlen zu kühlen. Fächern Sie Ihre Haut auf, während sie nass ist, um sie abzukühlen. Rehydrieren: Trinken Sie viel Wasser, Fruchtsaft oder ein Rehydrierungsgetränk, falls verfügbar. Dies wird verlorenes Wasser und Salz wieder auffüllen. Wissen, wann Sie um Hilfe rufen müssen: Wenn Sie sich verwirrt oder desorientiert fühlen, rufen Sie einen Arzt an. Wenn die Person, mit der Sie wandern, bewusstlos wird, befolgen Sie die obigen Schritte und bringen Sie die Person in die stabile Seitenlage, bis Hilfe eintrifft. Wenn sie einen Anfall haben, entfernen Sie alle Steine ​​oder Gegenstände in ihrer Nähe, um Verletzungen zu vermeiden. Hitzeerschöpfung vermeiden Akklimatisierung: Wenn Sie bei höheren Temperaturen als gewohnt von zu Hause wegwandern, wird es einige Zeit dauern, bis Sie sich an die Hitze gewöhnt haben. Warten Sie mindestens ein paar Tage, bevor Sie eine kräftige Aktivität versuchen, insbesondere eine lange oder anstrengende Wanderung. Achten Sie auf Hitzewellenwarnungen: Lesen Sie unbedingt die Wettervorhersage für den/die Tag(e) Ihrer Wanderung. In Ländern mit scheinbar endlos gutem Wetter ist dies leicht zu ignorieren, aber Hitzewellen können genauso gefährlich sein wie Stürme, also werden Sie nicht selbstgefällig.

Atlas & Boots Kia beim Wandern in der Atacama-Wüste, dem trockensten Ort der Erde Ruhezeit einplanen: Eine sechsstündige Wanderung ist bei extrem hohen Temperaturen vielleicht keine sechsstündige Wanderung. Planen Sie viel Ruhezeit ein. Auf diese Weise stehen Sie weniger unter Druck, ein anstrengendes Tempo beizubehalten. Machen Sie häufig Pausen im Schatten und schauen Sie nach Ihren Begleitern. Vermeiden Sie Sonnenbrand: Sonnenbrand verringert die Fähigkeit Ihres Körpers, sich von Wärme zu befreien. Stellen Sie daher unbedingt sicher, dass Sie während Ihrer Wanderung Sonnencreme mit mindestens SPF 15 auftragen und erneut auftragen. SmartSun UV-Armbänder sind eine gute Möglichkeit, die erneute Anwendung zu überwachen. Tragen Sie außerdem einen Hut, eine Sonnenbrille und einen Buff, um sich vor der Sonne zu schützen. Tragen Sie leichte Kleidung: Locker sitzende, leichte und helle Kleidung eignet sich am besten für heiße Wanderungen. Sie reflektieren Wärme, lassen Luft zirkulieren und ermöglichen Schweißverdunstung. Vermeiden Sie enge, schwere und dunkle Kleidung, denn sie bewirken genau das Gegenteil! Trinken Sie viel Wasser: Es gibt viele Diskussionen über die „richtige“ Wassermenge, die Sie beim Wandern in der Hitze trinken sollten. Einige Experten sagen, dass Sie mehr trinken sollten, als Sie brauchen, während andere behaupten, dass Sie nur trinken sollten, wenn Sie durstig sind. Eine gute Faustregel ist, darauf zu achten, im Laufe des Tages mindestens drei Liter Wasser zu trinken; vier, wenn die Wanderung anstrengend ist. Trinken Sie 750 ml zwei Stunden vorher und weitere 250 ml zu Beginn. Den Rest in regelmäßigen Abständen über den Tag verteilt trinken. Es ist eine gute Idee, einen Teil Ihrer Wasseraufnahme durch ein elektrolytreiches Sportgetränk zu ersetzen. Dadurch wird neben dem Wasserspiegel auch der Salzgehalt reguliert. Wasser auf die Haut spritzen: Bei sehr heißem Wetter ist es sinnvoll, Wasser auf die Haut oder Kleidung zu spritzen. Ein nasser Buff um den Hals hilft, dich kühl zu halten. Wenn Sie eine mehrtägige Wanderung unternehmen, packen Sie einen Kool Tie ein, einen leichten Schal, der mit Polymerkristallen gefüllt ist, die Wasser über zwei bis drei Tage ohne erneutes Einweichen abgeben. Die Grundlagen abdecken: Ob Heißwandern, Nachtwandern oder Ausdauerwandern, packen Sie unbedingt die „10 essentiellen Systeme“ ein. Diese Ausrüstungsliste wurde im Laufe der Jahre von Experten entwickelt und hilft Ihnen, sicher zu bleiben, falls Ihre Pläne schief gehen. Achte insgesamt darauf, dass du nicht über deine Grenzen hinausgehst. Hitzebedingte Bedingungen können sehr ernst sein, also bereiten Sie sich auf eine heiße Wanderung genauso ernsthaft vor wie auf eine Wanderung bei schlechtem Wetter. Trockene und Wüstenlandschaften bieten atemberaubende Wandermöglichkeiten, also stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie diese nicht verpassen. Viel Glück! Packen Sie einen CamelBak ein, damit Sie unterwegs schnell genug Wasser haben, um auf langen Wanderungen und Trekkingtouren hydriert zu bleiben. Leitbild: Dreamstime .

#Ratgeber #Heißes #Hitzeerschöpfung #vermeiden #Wandern #Wandern_Trekking