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entirebodyexercise · 4 years

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How to balance your dopamine to lose weight and beat addiction

Can' t put your Blackberry down? Feeling burnt out when you're not at the workplace? Late night binge practices? Believe it or otherwise, all these things have a whole lot to do with dopamine-- the neurotransmitter that's heavily associated with the enjoyment centre within the mind. It's released in high quantities throughout pleasing tasks such as consuming, sex, workout and dancing.

Too little or too much? As a brain chemical, dopamine influences health, awareness, learning, creativity, focus and concentration.

While inadequate dopamine could leave us craving food, sex or stimulation, also a lot could create addicting behaviors. Parkinson's patients taking drugs to support dopamine degrees have actually been revealed to end up being included in wagering when their medicines were enhanced. Fear or a suspicious individuality can likewise occur from way too much dopamine, although even more of this hormone in the frontal area of the mind soothes pain and enhances sensations of satisfaction. Dopamine isn't really launched only throughout enjoyable experiences, but likewise in the visibility of high quantities of stress.

As you could see, enjoyment and discomfort are carefully related.

Curb your dopamine addictions Many researchers today agree that dopamine is just one of the reasons that foods can be habit forming. We likewise understand stress and anxiety promotes the production of dopamine, which provides us with even more energy, drive and also motivation, simply as the habit forming stimulants chocolate, caffeine, sugar and cigarettes can. This suggests we could end up being as addicted to anxiety as we can to stimulants simply since we're looking for a dopamine rush to beat fatigue.

Not surprisingly, mostly all violent medicines and addictive materials affect dopamine production. Alcohol, drug, nicotine, amphetamines and even sugar can mess with our dopamine balance. Inning Accordance With Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Substance Abuse (NIDA), many smokers consume more when they are attempting to stop because both food and also pure nicotine share comparable dopamine benefit pathways. When less dopamine is boosted, as nicotine is lowered, food and sugar cravings naturally kick in to compensate.

Here are a number of suggestions you could execute to keep your dopamine levels consistent and your weight reduction goals within reach:

1. Dosage of dopamine for weight loss Besides the several satisfaction dopamine brings, this compound normally reduces hunger as well as aids weight reduction. Unfortunately, the body has a tendency to function versus us when it involves dopamine manufacturing. Researchers at Princeton College discovered dopamine lowered in rats when they slimmed down on restricted eating programs. With this decrease in weight, the rats' appetites boosted as well as they began to eat extra in an attempt to naturally recover dopamine levels.

How does this study equate for us? Tasks and/or supplements that boost the manufacturing of dopamine might be useful to blunt the dopamine drop that occurs with weight-loss and also could ultimately allow us to endure better cravings control.

Bottom line: Approaches such as eating smaller sized quantities much more often, avoiding missing dishes, delighting in more sex, getting a massage and boosting workout could assist offer the body with a natural dosage of dopamine.

2. Leave it up toL-tyrosine The amino acid tyrosine is a foundation of dopamine, so supplements can certainly assist perk up production of this essential mood-influencing hormone.

Bottom line: Take 500 to 1,000 mg on increasing, away from food. Another dosage may be included later in the day, yet because tyrosine is a boosting supplement, it ought to not be taken after 3 p.m., neither by anybody with hypertension. This product should be considered at the very least four to 6 weeks to reach complete efficiency. Tyrosine is the finest choice if reduced thyroid hormonal agent or underactive thyroid is likewise suspected. Food resources of tyrosine consist of almonds, avocados, bananas, milk products, lima beans, pumpkin seeds as well as sesame seeds.

3. Look forD- or DL-phenylalanine Like tyrosine, phenylalanine is a foundation of dopamine. Phenylalanine researches have actually shown that it might be as effective as particular antidepressants in treating depression.

Bottom line: Take 500 to 1,000 mg each day, far from food, prior to 3 p.m. Like tyrosine, phenylalanine has to be considered at the very least 4 to six weeks for complete performance. And DL-phenylalanine may be the much better selection if you likewise have body pains as well as pains.

Phenylalanine is found in many protein-rich foods (specifically turkey), so eat them (meat, fish, beans, nuts and milk items) when you wish to feel sharper.

4. Relax with rhodiola Rhodiola can improve discovering ability as well as memory as well as could likewise work for dealing with fatigue, anxiety or depression. Study recommends rhodiola might improve state of mind law and also battle depression by stimulating the task of serotonin and dopamine. A medical test from Armenia showed significant result for a rhodiola essence in both male and also female patients from 18 to 70 years old with light to modest depression.

Bottom line: Take 200 to 400 mg each day in the morning away from food for a minimum of one month.

#cardio workouts #health #weight #workout #workouts

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uncrossedrhyme · 4 years

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Parkinson's Disease as a Manifestation of Mercury Toxicity

Parkinson’s Disease as a Manifestation of Mercury Toxicity

The dose-dependent toxic effect of methyl mercury on neurons.

Andrew Hall Cutler, Princeton chemical engineer, emphasized the evidence linking mercury poisoning to Parkinson’s Disease, even citing the 9th ed. of Merritt’s Textbook of Neurology that, as clinical protocol, mercury toxicity should be considered as an alternative diagnosis for Parkinson’s patients. I wonder how many times that has…

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jobinterviewghost · 5 years

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Lee Iacocca, the automobile industry titan who conserved Chrysler from insolvency and introduced the Ford Mustang, has actually passed away. Here's a take a look at his amazing life and career|Organisation Insider

Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca is born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, to Italian immigrant parents who were operating Yocco's Hot Dogs.

Iacocca finishes from Lehigh University with a degree in commercial engineering. He got his master's degree in engineering from Princeton one year later, in 1946.

Richard Sheinwald/Associated Press Lee Iacocca, left, Henry Ford II, center, and Vice Chairman of the Board Philip Caldwell, right. Ford Motor Company works with Iacocca as an engineer, however he

quickly makes the transition into sales.

="size_primary" alt= ""> Jon Harris/Contributor/Getty Images Not an actual picture of Lee Iacocca and Mary McCleary. Iacocca weds Mary McCleary, a receptionist at a Ford Motor Company workplace in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AP Lee Iacocca, right, and Donald N. Frey, vice president of Ford MotorCo., in front of a 1960 Falcon, left and a 1965 Mustang in March 1965. Iacocca is credited with bringing the Ford Mustang onto the market. He landed several promotions at Ford after this

, and within two years of the Mustang's launch, the one-millionth example of the car rolled off the assembly line.PA Images/Contributor through Getty Images The stylish GT-style Mach I, among the four designs in the new Mustang II range introduced by Ford in the U.S.A..

Iacocca ends up being the president of Ford. He introduced the Ford Mustang II three years later, in 1973.

Preston Stroup/AP Photo Henry Ford II and Lee Iacocca in 1974. Henry Ford II fires Iacocca however is worked with by Chrysler 4 months later. At the time, Chrysler was again on the rocks due to failed growths, debt, skyrocketing gas costs, falling sales and increasing worldwide competitors.

Iacocca ends up being Chrysler's CEO.

Daugherty/AP Image President Jimmy Carter and Lee Iacocca.(Daugherty/AP Picture)President Jimmy Carter signs the Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, which offered Chrysler $US1.5 billion in federal loans after Iacocca petitioned the US federal government for support. The loan would help save the struggling automaker from insolvency.

Iacocca likewise went about cutting production expenses, revamping operations and producing a stronger marketing campaign that drew in purchasers around the US. The company repaid its federal government loan seven years early and, by 1984, drew in more than $US2.4 billion in profit, strengthening Iacocca's popularity as a brave automotive executive.

Source: Bloomberg

The Iacocca Family Foundation The Iacocca Family Structure Iacocca's first partner Mary McCleary passes away from issues of diabetes. Iacocca later on develops the Iacocca Household Foundation to fund diabetes research. Lenny Ignelzi/AP Image Lee Iacocca with the Plymouth Vager T-115.Chrysler creates the revolutionary minivan, which lays the groundwork for the SUV.

Lennox Mclendon/AP Picture Lee Iacocca, left, with his Chrysler Chairman follower Robert J. Eaton. Iacocca retires from Chrysler and devotes more time tohis foundation. He then weds Peggy Johnson before divorcing a year

later and marrying Darrien Earle. Richard Corkery/NY Daily News Archive by means of Getty Images Lee Iacocca and date getting to party hosted by Cartier to launch its Tank Francaise watch and to benefit the American Foundation for Aids Research (Amfar).

Iacocca appeared on the cover of Fortune magazine. In a comprehensive interview with the publication, he declared that he had "failed retirement."

Source: Fortune Iacocca revived his career, establishing EV Global Motors in 1997. "I prepare to provide a variety of brand-new and exciting electrical automobiles that are quiet, tidy, safe, and fun," he told The Washington Post's Warren Brown at the time.

Taylor Hill/Getty Images Former Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca goes to the 2011 Ellis Island Household Heritage awards at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum on April 13, 2011 in New York City.

Lee Iacocca dies from complications of Parkinsons Disease on July 2, 2019, at the age of 94.

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ivyentwined · 7 years

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Ordinary Writing Levels, Day 14, Prompt: black cat

word count: 454

Pansy rolled her eyes at her younger sister, Pippa. She was toting around her pet, a scrawny, underfed black cat who looked like he would appreciate being put out of his misery than be in Pippa's arms any longer.

"You should have got a cage for him," Pansy told her.

"No! Pansy, I couldn't bear to lock him up!" Pippa whinged. Third-year Pansy didn't think she had been that annoying and whiny as a first year.

"Now children, please don't argue. We won't see you for the next four months and I want everything to be pleasant," their mother said.

Princeton wasn't listening to their mother, instead, he was complaining to their father. "I can't believe I didn't get made Head Boy, I bet that prick Weasley did."

"Princeton, you know I've explained how unfair Gryffindor headmasters are, they're so prejudiced they can't see what's right in front of them."

"At least you're still a prefect, Princeton darling," their mother added.

"How come I wasn't allowed a pet first year?" Pansy asked her parents just to have something to say.

"I didn't think you liked cats, Pansy dear," her father said, looking at her in confusion.

"I don't—"

"How could you not like cats, Pansy?" her little sister interrupted.

"We already have a family owl, you don't need—" Princeton said over her.

The Hogwarts Express whistled sharply and drowned out both of them.

"Oh, better get on the train my dears. Behave yourselves," their mother exclaimed, gesturing them toward the train. "Be nice to each other!" She called as they moved away.

"That means pretend like you don't know me," Pansy told her siblings.

"As long as you keep your snotty little nose out my business," Princeton said, glaring at her.

"And what business is that?" she asked, "Not that stupid firewhisky racket you had going last year?"

"No. I've got something else in mind."

"Whatever, just as long as you don't taint my reputation by destroying yours."

"What reputation would that be, besides being a stuck up bitch?"

The train rocked as it started moving and the whistle blew again. Pippa's cat decided that was the moment he'd had enough and he attacked her face with his claws and teeth to be free of her. Princeton and Pansy stopped their arguing to look at their little sister. She had tears forming in her eyes and long scratches down her cheeks that were starting to bleed where the cat had clawed her.

"Oh, Pippa," Princeton said, kneeling in front of her and pulling his wand. "I'll heal her. Pansy, can you go catch the cat?"

Pansy sighed in frustration but nodded, trudging down the compartment car looking for the blasted black cat.

The Great October Drabble Challenge (or here)

#mine #my art #my writing #Pansy Parkinson #Pippa Parkinson #Princeton Parkinson #Great October Drabble Challenge #HP

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itunesbooks · 5 years

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Quicklet on The 4-Hour Work Week by Tim Ferriss - David Lowe

Quicklet on The 4-Hour Work Week by Tim Ferriss David Lowe Genre: Study Aids Price: $3.99 Publish Date: December 14, 2011 Publisher: Hyperink Seller: Directebooks Ltd Quicklets: Learn More. Read Less. Tim Ferriss is the author of The 4-Hour Workweek, a New York Times bestseller that incorporates the Pareto Principle and Parkinson's Law into a lifestyle of reduced working hours and more personal free time. After graduating from Princeton University, where he earned a degree in East Asian Studies, Tim started his first business selling nutritional supplements at the age 23. Since selling his business, he has become a Guinness Book Of World Records holder in tango and a host of his own program on the History Channel. Currently working as an angel investor, in 2011 Tim announced he would publish a third book, The 4-Hour Chef. The book is being released by Amazon.com and is expected to become available for purchase in April 2012. The 4-Hour Workweek is Tim Ferriss' first book. Detailing his personal experiences of success and failures in "lifestyle design", the book provides readers with a clear road map on how to outsource mundane work, reduce clutter and information overload to create smooth income streams and more free time. The author believes that pursuing dreams and goals now is more important than deferring them until after retirement, and his book promotes a variety of lifestyle design options that give readers exciting alternatives to the ordinary 9-5 routine. http://bit.ly/2XkIloN

#Study Aids

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pharmaphorumuk · 6 years

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Area23 and McCann triumph at the 2018 Creative Floor awards

There were big wins for Area23 and McCann Health at the 2018 Creative Floor Healthcare Awards last night.

Area23 won Most Awarded Agency and McCann Health won the Most Awarded Network at the London ceremony.

Area23’s awards on the night also included mixed media, CGI and illustration prizes, while McCann’s haul included recognition for its cinematography and internal communications work.

Creative Floor’s found Shaheed Peera said: “A massive congratulations to those who picked up an award. I have no doubt that all our Winners will inspire the healthcare industry to see what can be achieved with real everyday briefs. Thank you to our judges and everyone who supports these awards. You’ve helped us raise over £65,000.00 towards helping underprivileged talent into health and wellness agencies.”

Now in its fifth year, The Creative Floor is the only health and wellness award show to donate a percentage of its profits to help improve diversity within healthcare communications, with award winners deciding how that money is spent.

2018 Creative Floor Healthcare Awards winners

Charity Pro Bono

Animation

Good Food Goes Bad: A Cause For Good – CDM NEW YORK

Art Direction

#SaveNJLives – MCCANN ECHO

It’s Shocking – SAATCHI & SAATCHI NEW YORK

Mixed Media

The Rape Tax – AREA23

#SaveNJLives – MCCANN ECHO

Social Media

The Orange Project: A World Record Holder – MCCANN TORRE LAZUR

Press Campaign

The Rape Tax – AREA23

Blood Equality: Blood Flags – FCB HEALTH

Not out of the water – FCB HEALTH

Website

Health Fix – CONCENTRIC HEALTH

Healthcare Professional

CGI

Battle in the Bone – AREA23

Help Us To Help You – MINISTRY OF HEALTH SAUDI ARABIA

Cinematography

Lives Move Forward – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Digital Detail Aid

Time to surface – HAVAS LIFE MEDICOM

Exhibitions

The World’s Smallest Booth – AREA23

Parkinson’s House Call – FCB HEALTH

Film Individual

It’s Your Call! – MCCANN ECHO

Lives Move Forward – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Stefan the Stool Expert – OGILIVY COMMONHEALTH AUSTRALIA

Internal Communications

Expanding Worlds – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Photography

Explorer’s Spirit – GSW

Press Campaign

Five Million Puffs – FCB HEALTH

Forgotten Faces – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Press Individual

Impact of ADHD Car Crash – LEARNER ADAMS BONES

Battle in the Bone – AREA23

Five Million Puffs – FCB HEALTH

Product Design

The Trafficking Exam – AREA23

Website

Change Gout – LANGLAND

Patient/Consumers

Ambient

Knit Big for Little Lungs – CDM PRINCETON

HVOS – THE BLOC

Make Blood Cancer Visible – PUBLICIS LIFEBRANDS

Design

Make Blood Cancer Visible – PUBLICIS LIFEBRANDS

Best Digital Tactic

TXT 2 HLP – AREA23

CGI

Around The Corner – AREA23

Cinematography

The Journey – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Film Campaign

Contraceptive Match – ORCHARD AUSTRALIA

The Wrestler – KLICK HEALTH

Film Individual

The Journey – MCCANN HEALTH LONDON

Stefan the Stool Expert – OGILVY COMMONHEALTH AUSTRALIA

The Wrestler – KLICK HEALTH

Joint Decisions: It’s Your Call! – MCCANN ECHO

Illustration

The Diabetes Downfall – AREA23

Mixed Media

Knit Big for Little Lungs – CDM PRINCETON

The Wrestler – KLICK HEALTH

Silence Sucks – CONCENTRIC HEALTH

Print Sales Material

Washable Book – MCCANN HEALTH JAPAN

Product Design & Mode of Action

Washable Book – MCCANN HEALTH JAPAN

Social Media

Memories For Memory Loss – THE BLOC

Typography

Make Blood Cancer Visible – PUBLICIS LIFEBRANDS

Veterinary (HCP)

Press – Individual

Protect Your Newborns – SYNEOS HEALTH

Best of Best

Best Creative

Edgar Casillas and Carlos Benitez

CDM NEW YORK

Best Suit

Kristina Teng

CONCENTRIC HEALTH

Best Young Talent

Kathryn Black

CONCENTRIC HEALTH

Bravest Client

Mary Malito

CONCENTRIC HEALTH

Most Awarded Agency – Area23

Most Awarded Network – McCann Health

The post Area23 and McCann triumph at the 2018 Creative Floor awards appeared first on Pharmaphorum.

from Pharmaphorum https://pharmaphorum.com/news/creative-floor-awards-2018-area23-mccann-health/

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drydenm2010 · 5 years

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Dance for Parkinson’s program explores movements

PRINCETON, N.J. – With physical activity, the brain and the body function better, and so recently a

Students at Princeton Ballet School perform in their Dance for Parkinson’s class where Rachel Stanislawczyk is their teacher. — Provided photo

dance teacher has been helping special students with their moves.

When Rachel Stanislawczyk interned and became a lead dance teacher for the Mark Morris…

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#American Repertory Ballet #Dance for Parkinson&039;s Program #Dopamine #Movements #Music #Neurotransmitter #Parkinson&039;s Disease #Princeton Ballet School #Rachel Stanislawczyk

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anti-sjw-kashiyuka · 6 years

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Liberty Village adds Parkinson's disorder program

PRINCETON — After identifying an increasing need in the community, Liberty Village of Princeton added resources and programming to help people with Parkinson's and other neurological disorders. Parkinson's is a disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. There is no cure for Parkinson's, ... from Google Alert - neurological http://ift.tt/2Dwi9yd

#IFTTT #Google Alert - neurological

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solsarin · 3 years

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how many percentage of brain did einstein use

Hello, welcome to solsarin site. We’re glad you chose our site for the information you’ve been looking at. Our goal is to educate and answer your questions in this post we want to find out” ow many percentage of brain did einstein useh” Stay with us📷

Where does the myth originate?

No-one knows for sure. A popular theory has it that the journalist Lowell Thomas helped spread the myth in his preface to Dale Carnegie’s block-buster self-help book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Thomas misquoted the brilliant American psychologist William James as saying that the average person specifically “develops only 10 percent of his latent mental ability.” In fact James had referred more vaguely to our “latent mental energy.” Others have claimed that Einstein attributed his intellectual giftedness to being able to use more than 10 percent of his brain, but this is itself a myth. Another possible source of the 10 percent myth is neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield’s discovery in the 1930s of “silent cortex” – brain areas that appeared to have no function when he stimulated them with electricity. We know today that these areas are functional.

Is Lucy the first movie to use the 10 percent myth as a premise?

No, the 2011 movie Limitless, starring Bradley Cooper was based on the same idea, except the precise figure was placed at 20 percent. Cooper’s character takes a pill that lets him access the full 100 percent. Both the 1991 film Defending Your Life (thanks to A Voice in The Wilderness for flagging this up in the comments) and Flight of the Navigator (1986) include claims that most of us use a fraction of our brains. The myth is also invoked in the TV series Heroes, to explain why some people have special powers.

Does anyone really believe this myth anymore?

Apparently so. For example, in 2012, a survey of school teachers in Britain and The Netherlands found that 48 per cent and 46 per cent, respectively, endorsed the myth. Last year, a US survey by the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research found that 65 percent of people believed in the myth.

Is there any truth to the myth?

Certainly there is no truth to the idea that we only use 10 percent of our neural matter. Modern brain scans show activity coursing through the entire organ, even when we’re resting. Minor brain damage can have devastating effects – not what you’d expect if we had 90 percent spare capacity. Also, consider the situation when neural tissue representing a limb is rendered redundant by the loss of that limb. Very quickly, neighbouring areas recruit that tissue into new functions, for example to represent other body regions. This shows how readily the brain utilises all available neural tissue.

So why does the myth persist?

For many people, the 10 percent myth sounds both feasible and appealing because they see it in terms of human potential. Many of us believe that we could achieve so much more – learning languages, musical instruments, sporting skills – if only we applied ourselves. It’s easy to see how this morphs into the shorthand idea that we use just 10 percent of our brain’s capacity or potential.

Does it matter that films like Lucy spread the 10 percent myth?

It certainly bothers a lot of neuroscientists. There are so many widely held misunderstandings about the brain that scientists find it extremely unhelpful to have more nonsense spread to millions of movie goers. Other people I’ve spoken to are more optimistic and think that audiences will realize that the claims are not meant to be taken seriously. I have to admit, I enjoyed Limitless despite the daft premise.

📷how many percentage of brain did einstein use

What Became of Albert Einstein’s Brain?

The Man

📷 On April 18, 1955, the great mathematician and physicist Albert Einstein died. He was 76 years old. Although Einstein’s body was cremated, his brain was saved. Dr. Thomas S. Harvey, a pathologist at Princeton Hospital, removed Einstein’s brain on the morning of Einstein’s death. What happened to the brain for years after this is somewhat of a mystery.

The Search

📷 In the mid 1970s, Steven Levy, a reporter for the New Jersey Monthly, hopped into his car and set out to find Einstein’s brain. Mr. Levy published his story in 1978. Mr. Levy discovered that Einstein’s brain was still with Dr. Harvey who was now in Wichita, Kansas. The brain was in two mason jars in a cardboard box that was marked with the words “Costa Cider.” Most of the brain, except for the cerebellum and parts of the cerebral cortex, had been sectioned (sliced).

The Paper

📷 There are several published scientific studies that have examined Einstein’s brain. One of the first papers, titled “On the Brain of a Scientist: Albert Einstein” was published in 1985 in the journal Experimental Neurology (vol. 88, pages 198-204, 1985) and written by Marian C. Diamond, Arnold B. Scheibel, Greer M. Murphy and …Thomas Harvey!

These scientists counted the number of neurons (nerve cells) and glial cells in four areas of Einstein’s brain: area 9 of the cerebral cortex on the right and left hemisphere and area 39 of the cerebral cortex on the right and left hemisphere. Area 9 is located in the frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex) and is thought to be important for planning behavior, attention and memory. Area 39 is located in the parietal lobe and is part of the “association cortex.” Area 39 is thought to be involved with language and several other complex functions. The ratios of neurons to glial cells in Einstein’s brain were compared to those from the brains of 11 men who died at the average age of 64.

📷

how many percentage of brain did einstein use

The Data

📷 The ratios of neurons to glial cells in Einstein’s brain, as compared to those in the 11 normal brains, were smaller in all four areas studied. However, when the numbers were examined more closely with statistics, only one area showed a significant difference – the ratio in the left area 39. In the left area 39, therefore, Einstein’s brain had fewer neurons to glial cells than the normal brains. In other words, there were more glial cells for every neuron in Einstein’s brain.

📷 The Conclusion

The authors concluded that the greater number of glial cells per neuron might indicate the neurons in Einstein’s brain had an increased “metabolic need” – they needed and used more energy. More recently, other researchers have noticed differences in glial cells (e.g., larger astrocytic process) in Einstein’s brain. In this way, perhaps Einstein had better thinking abilities and conceptual skills.

The Problems

📷 Scientists are trained to read published papers carefully and to evaluate the methods, results and conclusions of experiments. Although it is intriguing to use the results of this paper as an indication that Einstein’s genius was related to a particular brain region, it is perhaps a bit too early for such a statement.

First, the “normal” brains that were compared to Einstein’s may not have been the best group for comparison. The average age of these brains was 12 years younger than Einstein’s brain. In fact, the youngest brain in this group was only 47 years old. It is possible that the neuron to glial ratio seen in Einstein’s brain was quite normal for his age and that the younger comparison group just did not show these changes yet. Also, the paper did not describe the background of the comparison group. What was their intelligence and cause of death? Would these factors have anything to do with the observed brain differences?

Second, the “experimental group” had only one subject…Einstein! Additional studies are needed to see if these anatomical differences are found in other people with conceptual and mathematical skills like Einstein.

Third, it appears that only a very small portion of the four areas of each brain was studied. The paper states that “Four to six sections were cut from each block, Einstein’s and the controls?.” However, after staining, only ONE section from each block was studied! There is no indication that this single thin section was obtained from similar regions of area 39 and area 9 from the different brains. It is even unclear how much of each section was counted. Moreover, only the ratio of neurons to glial cells was published. The total number of cells that were counted is not given in the paper. This is important to get an idea of how the experimenters came to their conclusions.

It is important to remember that the areas 9 and 39 make important connections with many other areas of the brain. To assign a particular behavior or personality to a single brain area is too simple. Parts of the brain do not act by themselves. Rather, complex behavior is the result of many areas acting together.

A Second Paper

📷 A second paper (Neuroscience Letters, 1996) describing Einstein’s brain was published in 1996. Einstein’s brain weighed only 1,230 grams, which is less than the average adult male brain (about 1,400 grams). The authors also reported that the thickness of Einstein’s cerebral cortex (area 9) was thinner than that of five control brains. However, the DENSITY of neurons in Einstein’s brain was greater. In other words, Einstein was able to pack more neurons in a given area of cortex.

More Papers and The Future

Another study concerning Einstein’s brain was published in the British medical journal The Lancet (vol. 353, pages 2149-2153) on June 19, 1999. In this paper, the external surface characteristics of Einstein’s brain were compared to those from the brains of 35 men (average age, 57 years old) . Unlike the brain of these 35 men, Einstein’s brain had an unusual pattern of grooves (called sulci) on both right and left parietal lobes. This particular area of the parietal lobe is thought to be important for mathematical abilities and spatial reasoning. Einstein’s brain had a much shorter lateral sulcus that was partially missing. His brain was also 15% wider than the other brains. The researchers think that these unique brain characteristics may have allowed better connections between neurons important for math and spatial reasoning.

In 2012, photographs of the external surface of Einstein’s brain were analzyed and published in the journal Brain. Scientists who studied these photographs noted that compared to other brains, Einstein’s brain had a larger prefrontal cortex and expanded primary somatosensory and motor cortices especially in the face and tongue areas on the left hemisphere. In 2013, photographs through the middle (midsagittal section) of Einstein’s brain were used to compared the size of Einstein’s corpus callosum to that of right-handed, age-matched men and to a younger group of right-handed men. In this study, Einstein’s corpus callosum was found to be thicker in most areas compared to the corpus callosum of age-matched men and thicker in a few areas compared to the corpus callosum in younger men.

Although these results are interesting, it must be remembered that this study had only ONE brain in the experimental group…Albert Einstein’s brain. It remains to be seen if other mathematical geniuses also show these distinguishing brain characteristics. Moreover, the study did not investigate the brain at a microscopic level. In other words, the study says nothing about how neurons in these brains were connected and of course, could not tell if there were differences in the way the neurons functioned.

The importance of these differences is still unknown. There are still many questions about how the brain constructs personality, builds intelligence and forms creativity. Further research using modern brain imaging techniques (MRI/PET) that look at the anatomy and function of the brain in living geniuses may reveal what makes these people such giants.

📷how many percentage of brain did einstein use

Was Einstein’s brain different?

We’re used to talking about neurons when referring to the brain, but we also have what are called glial cells. In Greek, glia means “glue.” Glial cells were given their name because we thought they did little more than just hold the brain together. One kind of glial cell is the star-shaped astrocyte.

In 1985, Diamond’s findings were almost disappointing. Einstein’s brain did not contain more neurons overall than the average person’s.It did, however, contain more astrocytes, in the left inferior parietal area of the brain, a region associated with mathematical thinking.

Since intelligence was assigned to neurons and astrocytes were thought to be little more than “glue,” this finding did not make headline news and was largely ignored.

What did Einstein’s brain actually reveal?

If you insert human astrocytes into the brains of newborn mice, they grow up to be more intelligent. Their learning and memory are significantly sharper. It’s only in the past few years that we’ve come to understand the extraordinary reason why.

We have always assumed that a synapse, the point where two brain cells join to carry information, is made up of two brain cells. We were wrong. A synapse is made of two brain cells — and an astrocyte.

Astrocytes nurture synapses. Not only are they key in synaptic plasticity, but they are plastic themselves. They grow and change. One astrocyte can be in contact with two million synapses, coordinating their activity and plasticity across vast realms of the human brain – – and contributing to our intelligence.

How do astrocytes figure in artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence researchers from the University of A Coruña in Spain recently improved neural network performance by using an algorithm that included artificial astrocytes. When a neuron’s activity reached a maximum, the astrocyte was activated. It increased the weight of the neuron’s connections with the neurons of the adjacent layer by 25 percent, simulating what might happen in real life.

How do you increase astrocytes?

If Einstein was a genius because of his astrocytes, can we increase our astrocyte numbers and become geniuses too?

As early as 1966, Diamond and her team demonstrated that putting young rats in a stimulating environment rich with challenge and new experiences increased glial cells.

We now know that this even happens in elderly mice. Putting aged mice in an “enriched environment” increases astrocyte numbers and complexity, which correlates with better cognitive performance.

If you’re wondering, the effect is also seen in humans.

A study published this year followed production workers at a factory in Germany for 17 years. The volume of brain regions associated with executive function and motivation was larger in those who had been exposed to recurrent novelty in their work.This was associated with better cognitive performance at middle age.

📷how many percentage of brain did einstein use

Albert Einstein’s brain

The brain of Albert Einstein has been a subject of much research and speculation. Albert Einstein’s brain was removed within seven and a half hours of his death. His apparent regularities or irregularities in the brain have been used to support various ideas about. correlations in neuroanatomy with general or mathematical intelligence. Studies have suggested an increased number of glial cells in Einstein’s brain.[

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bobmccullochny · 3 years

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January History

January 3 1521 - Martin Luther was excommunicated by Roman Catholic Church

1777 - Washington defeated the British at Battle of Princeton, NJ

1847 - Yerba Buena renamed San Francisco

1871 - Oleomargarine was patented (#110626) by Henry Bradley in Binghamton, NY

1919 - Professor Ernest Rutherford succeeded in splitting the atom. He split nitrogen atoms into oxygen atoms.

1920 - New York Yankees purchased Babe Ruth from Red Sox for $125,000

1924 - British egyptologist Howard Carter finds sarcophagus of Tutankhamen (King Tut)

1938 - March of Dimes was established

1951 - Dragnet premiered on NBC

1959 - Alaska was admitted as 49th US state

1970 - Jon Pertwee made his first appearance as the Third Doctor in the Doctor Who episode Spearhead from Space. It also marks the first time that the series was broadcast in color. (colour in the UK)

1973 - George Steinbrenner III bought the Yankees from CBS for $12 million

1977 - Apple Computers incorporated

1977 - Holly Hallstrom joined Janice Pennington and Dian Parkinson as a showcase model on The Price is Right

1979 - The USA cable network was founded

1983 - Plinko was added as a Pricing Game for the series The Price Is Right

1987 - Unsolved Mysteries premiered (as a special) on NBC

1987 - Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted the 1st female artist, the Queen of Soul, Aretha Franklin

1991 - First television sets to feature closed-caption display are introduced in the U.S.

1993 - ABC and CBS simultaneously broadcast their own movies based on the Amy Fisher story with ABC's starring Drew Barrymore and CBS's starring Alyssa Milano. NBC had already beaten the other networks airing their own version about six days prior.

1997 - Bryant Gumbel anchored his last episode of the Today Show.

#today's smile #January History

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downloadebooks · 4 years

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Summary: The 4-Hour Workweek by Tim Ferris

New Post has been published on https://joinbooksclub.com/downloads/summary-the-4-hour-workweek-by-tim-ferris/

Summary: The 4-Hour Workweek by Tim Ferris

Tim Ferriss is the author of The 4-Hour Workweek, a New York Times bestseller that incorporates the Pareto Principle and Parkinson’s Law into a lifestyle of reduced working hours and more personal free time.

After graduating from Princeton University, where he earned a degree in East Asian Studies, Tim started his first business selling nutritional supplements at the age 23. Since selling his business, he has become a Guinness Book Of World Records holder in tango and a host of his own program on the History Channel. Currently working as an angel investor, in 2011 Tim announced he would publish a third book, The 4-Hour Chef. The book is being released by Amazon.com and is expected to become available for purchase in April 2012.

The 4-Hour Workweek is Tim Ferriss’ first book. Detailing his personal experiences of success and failures in ‘lifestyle design, ‘ the book provides readers with a clear road map on how to outsource mundane work, reduce clutter and information overload to create smooth income streams and more free time.

The author believes that pursuing dreams and goals now is more important than deferring them until after retirement, and his book promotes a variety of lifestyle design options that give readers exciting alternatives to the ordinary 9-5 routine.

https://joinbooksclub.com/downloads/summary-the-4-hour-workweek-by-tim-ferris/

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princetontv · 5 years

Video

vimeo

Wine-ing Away with Corie & Ray, 3.19 from Princeton Community Television on Vimeo.

Interview with George Parkinson, Sommelier of the Peacock Inn, Princeton - Sparkling Wines

Sommelier George takes us through the world of Sparkling wines. Learn the many different varietals and how you can enjoy yourself or try something new!

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bharatiyamedia-blog · 5 years

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Lee Iacocca Dies at 94; Led Chrysler as CEO

http://tinyurl.com/y2xbhgoj Lee Iacocca, the auto govt and grasp pitchman who put the Mustang in Ford’s lineup within the 1960s and have become a company folks hero when he resurrected Chrysler 20 years later, has died in Bel Air, Calif. He was 94. Two former Chrysler executives who labored with him, Bud Liebler, the corporate’s former spokesman, and Bob Lutz, previously its head of product growth, mentioned they have been advised of the loss of life Tuesday by a detailed affiliate of Iacocca’s household. In his 32-year profession at Ford after which Chrysler, Iacocca helped launch a few of Detroit’s best-selling and most important autos, together with the minivan, the Chrysler Okay-cars and the Ford Escort. He additionally spoke out towards what he thought-about unfair commerce practices by Japanese automakers. The son of Italian immigrants, Iacocca reached a degree of movie star matched by few auto moguls. In the course of the peak of his recognition within the ’80s, he was well-known for his TV advertisements and catchy tagline: “If you could find a greater automotive, purchase it!” He wrote two best-selling books and was courted as a presidential candidate. However he might be greatest remembered because the blunt-talking, cigar-chomping Chrysler chief who helped engineer an awesome company turnaround. Liebler, who labored for Iacocca for a decade, mentioned he had a larger-than-life presence that commanded consideration. “He sucked the air out of the room every time he walked into it,” Liebler mentioned. “He all the time had one thing to say. He was a frontrunner.” In recent times Iacocca was battling Parkinson’s Illness, however Liebler was unsure what triggered his loss of life. He remembers that Iacocca may condemn workers in the event that they did one thing he did not like, however a couple of minutes later it might be like nothing had occurred. “He used to beat me up, generally in public,” Liebler remembered. When folks requested how he may put up with that, Liebler would reply: “He’ll recover from it.” In 1979, Chrysler was floundering in $5 billion of debt. It had a bloated manufacturing system that was turning out gas-guzzlers that the general public did not need. When the banks turned him down, Iacocca and the United Auto Staff union helped persuade the federal government to approve $1.5 billion in mortgage ensures that stored the No. three home automaker afloat. Liebler mentioned Iacocca is the final of an period of brash, charismatic executives who may produce outcomes. “Lee made cash. He went to Washington and made all these loopy guarantees, then he delivered on them,” Liebler mentioned. Iacocca wrung wage concessions from the union, closed or consolidated 20 vegetation, laid off 1000’s of employees and launched new vehicles. In TV commercials, he admitted Chrysler’s errors however insisted the corporate had modified. The technique labored. The tasteless, fundamental Dodge Aries and Plymouth Reliant have been inexpensive, fuel-efficient and had room for six. In 1981, they captured 20% of the marketplace for compact vehicles. In 1983, Chrysler paid again its authorities loans, with curiosity, seven years early. The next yr, Iacocca launched the minivan and created a brand new market. The turnaround and Iacocca’s bravado made him a media star. His “Iacocca: An Autobiography,” launched in 1984, and his “Speaking Straight,” launched in 1988, have been best-sellers. He even appeared on “Miami Vice.” A January 1987 Gallup Ballot of potential Democratic presidential candidates for 1988 confirmed Iacocca was most popular by 14%, second solely to Colorado Sen. Gary Hart. He regularly mentioned no to “draft Iacocca” speak. Additionally throughout that point, he headed the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Basis, presiding over the renovation of the statue, accomplished in 1986, and the reopening of close by Ellis Island as a museum of immigration in 1990. However within the years earlier than his retirement in 1992, Chrysler’s earnings and Iacocca’s status faltered. Following the lead of Ford and General Motors, he undertook a dangerous diversification into the protection and aviation industries, nevertheless it failed to assist the underside line. Nonetheless, he may take credit score for such choices because the 1987 buy of American Motors Corp. Though the $1.5 billion acquisition was criticized on the time, AMC’s Jeep model has grow to be a gold mine for now Fiat Chrysler Cars as demand for SUVs surged. Iacocca was born Lido Anthony Iacocca in 1924 in Allentown, Pennsylvania. His father, Nicola, turned wealthy in actual property and different companies, however the household misplaced almost the whole lot within the Despair. After incomes a grasp’s diploma in mechanical engineering at Princeton College, Iacocca started his profession as an engineering trainee with Ford in 1946. However the extrovert shortly turned bored and took the unconventional step of switching to gross sales. He mentioned a turning level in his profession got here in 1956, when he was assistant gross sales supervisor of the Philadelphia district workplace ranked final in Ford gross sales nationwide. Iacocca’s devised a financing plan known as “56 for 56,” below which clients may purchase a 1956 Ford for 20% down and funds of $56 a month for 3 years. The district’s gross sales shot to the highest, and Iacocca was shortly promoted to a nationwide advertising job at firm headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan. By 1960, at age 36, Iacocca was vice chairman and common supervisor of the Ford division. “We have been younger and cocky,” he recalled in his autobiography. “We noticed ourselves as artists, about to supply the best masterpieces the world had ever seen.” Iacocca’s first burst of fame got here with the debut of the Mustang in 1964. He had satisfied his superiors that Ford wanted the inexpensive, trendy coupe to make the most of the rising youth market. He broke from custom by launching the automotive in April relatively than the autumn. Ford invited reporters to a 70-car Mustang rally from New York to Dearborn, which generated large publicity. The automotive made the covers of Time and Newsweek the identical week. In 1970, Iacocca was named Ford president and instantly undertook a restructuring to chop prices as the corporate struggled with international competitors and rising fuel costs. Iacocca’s relationship with Chairman Henry Ford II turned strained, and in 1978, Ford fired Iacocca. Henry Ford II later described Iacocca as “an especially clever product man, a brilliant salesman” who was “too immodest, too self-centered to have the ability to see the broad image,” in line with interview transcripts revealed by The Detroit Information. Iacocca received the final chortle. He was strongly courted by Chrysler, and he helped cement its turnaround within the 1980s by introducing the wildly profitable Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager minivans. In July 2005, Iacocca returned to the airwaves as Chrysler’s pitchman, together with a memorable advert during which he performed golf with rapper Snoop Dogg. Chrysler wasn’t faring nicely. In his 2007 guide “The place Have All of the Leaders Gone?” Iacocca criticized Chrysler’s 1998 sale to the Germany’s Daimler AG, which gutted a lot of Chrysler to chop prices. Because the recession started, gross sales worsened, and shortly Chrysler was asking for a second authorities bailout. In April 2009, it filed for chapter safety. “It pains me to see my previous firm, which has meant a lot to America, on the ropes,” Iacocca mentioned. Chrysler emerged from chapter safety below the management of Italian automaker Fiat. In a 2009 interview with The Related Press, he urged Chrysler executives to “deal with our clients. That is the one stable factor you have got.” Iacocca was additionally energetic in later years in elevating cash to combat diabetes. His first spouse, Mary, died of issues of the illness in 1983 after 27 years of marriage. The couple had two daughters, Kathryn and Lia. Iacocca remarried twice, however each marriages led to divorce. Extra tales from the Fortune archive: —Lee Iacocca: A Detroit legend’s hits and misses (2012)—Why a $1 CEO isn’t a bargain (2011)—How Lee Iacocca flunked retirement, in his personal phrases (1996)—Iacocca’s last stand at Chrysler (1992)—Lee Iacocca displays on his four decades as an automaker (1988) Meet up with Data Sheet, Fortune’s each day digest on the enterprise of tech. Source link

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