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digitalyarbs · 9 months

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The Face of Nathan Hale.

Nathan Hale, a distinguished American Patriot, soldier, and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is immortalized in the face captured through a Photohop reconstruction of Frederick William MacMonnies' statue of Hale in City Hall Park, New York.

Born on June 6, 1755, Nathan Hale excelled academically and graduated with honors from Yale University in 1773. Soon after, in 1775, he joined a Connecticut militia unit and rapidly rose to the rank of first lieutenant within five months. He became a valued member of Knowlton's Rangers, a reconnaissance and espionage detachment established by General George Washington.

At the young age of just over twenty-one, Hale's courage and determination led him to volunteer for a perilous mission behind enemy lines before the Battle of Harlem Heights. Though lacking formal training in espionage, he succeeded in gathering vital information about British troop movements for a week.

Sadly, on September 21, 1776, during his return from a mission, Hale was captured and found in possession of an incriminating document written in Latin hidden in the sole of his shoe. Without a fair trial, General William Howe ordered his execution for spying, which was carried out the next morning, September 22, 1776. Hale spent his final night confined in the greenhouse of Howe's headquarters, and at dawn, he was led to the gallows, where he faced his death with remarkable courage, famously uttering, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Nathan Hale's legacy lives on as America's first spy and a symbol of unwavering patriotism. In recognition of his selfless sacrifice and devotion, he was officially declared Connecticut's state hero on October 1, 1985.

Contemporary accounts paint a picture of a remarkable individual. Beyond his intelligence and athletic prowess in wrestling, football, and broad jumping, Hale was described as kind, gentle, religious, and exceptionally good-looking. With fair skin, light blue eyes, and hair, he stood just under six feet tall, captivating both men and women alike. His presence and character earned him the admiration and affection of all who knew him, and it was said that all the girls in New Haven were enamored by him.

yarbs.net

#nathan hale #american history #american revolution #conneticut #amrev #founding fathers #patriotisism

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ltwilliammowett · 6 months

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Sloop Providence being pursued by H.M.S. Soleby (The action depicts John Paul Jones's dramatic escape from the Royal Navy frigate “Soleby” on September 1, 1776), by William Gilkerson (1936-2015)

#naval art #john paul jones #hms soleby #1776 #age of sail

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lonestarflight · 7 months

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Rollout Ceremony for the third operational orbiter, Discovery (OV-103) at Palmdale, California. On the stage is the Don Beall of Rockwell (at lectern), Dr. Rocco A. Petrone, the president of the company and the crew of her first first flight STS-41-D.

She is named for several different ships:

"The name Discovery was chosen to carry on a tradition based on ships of exploration, primarily HMS Discovery, one of the ships commanded by Captain James Cook during his third and final major voyage from 1776 to 1779, and Henry Hudson's Discovery, which was used in 1610–1611 to explore Hudson Bay and search for a Northwest Passage. Other ships bearing the name have included HMS Discovery of the 1875–1876 British Arctic Expedition to the North Pole, and RRS Discovery, which carried the 1901–1904 Discovery Expedition to Antarctica, led by Captain Scott."

-information from Wikipedia: link

At the beginning of her career, Discovery weighed roughly 3,600 kg (7,900 lb) less than Columbia due to lessons learned during the construction and testing of Enterprise, Columbia and Challenger. She weighs 6 pounds (2.7 kg) heavier than Atlantis and 363 pounds (165 kg) heavier than Endeavour. Part of this was due to the greater use of quilted AFRSI blankets rather than the white LRSI tiles on the fuselage, and the use of graphite epoxy instead of aluminum for the payload bay doors and some of the wing spars and beams.

"During her construction, Discovery was fitted with several black tiles near the middle starboard window where there should have been white tiles. It is unknown if this was the result of a harmless manufacturing mishap or done intentionally to give a distinctive look to the shuttle. This feature has been called 'teardrop' and allowed Discovery to be easily identified.

Upon her delivery to the Kennedy Space Center in 1983, Discovery was modified alongside Challenger to accommodate the liquid-fueled Centaur-G booster, which had been planned for use beginning in 1986 but was cancelled in the wake of the Challenger disaster."

She was originally intended to be the dedicated US Air Force shuttle and launch DoD payloads from SLC-6 at Vandenberg AFB but these plans were cancelled in aftermath of the Challenger disaster.

Commemorative stamp from Rockwell International (source)

Construction milestones:

1979 January 29: contract award to Rockwell International's Space Transportation Systems Division in Downey, California

1979 August 1: start long lead fabrication of upper forward-fuselage, Downey

1979 August 27: start long lead fabrication of Crew Module, Downey

1980 March 3: start fabrication aft-fuselage, Downey

1980 June 20: start fabrication lower forward-fuselage, Downey

1980 September 29: start assembly of Crew Module, Downey

1980 October 1: start fabrication/assembly of mid-fuselage, San Diego

1980 November 10: start assembly of aft-fuselage

1980 December 8: start initial system installation aft fuselage

1981 March 2: start fabrication/assembly of payload bay doors, Tulsa

1981 June 1: start fabrication of vertical stabilizer, Fairchild-Republic

1981 October 19: start fabrication/assembly of body flap, Downey

1981 October 26: start initial system installation, crew module, Downey

1982 January 4: start initial system installation upper forward fuselage, Downey

1982 March 16: mid-fuselage on dock, Palmdale

1982 March 30: Elevons on dock, Palmdale

1982 April 30: Wings on dock, Palmdale

1982 April 30: lower forward-fuselage on dock, Palmdale

1982 July 16: upper forward-fuselage on dock, Palmdale

1982 August 5: vertical stabilizer on dock, Palmdale

1982 September 3: start of final assembly

1982 October 15: body flap on dock, Palmdale

1982 December 28: crew module on dock, Palmdale

1983 January 11: aft-fuselage on dock, Palmdale

1983 February 25: forward RCS module on dock, Palmdale

1983 February 25: complete final assembly and closeout installation, Palmdale

1983 February 28: start initial subsystems test, power-on, Palmdale

1983 May 13: complete initial subsystems testing

1983 July 26: complete subsystems testing

1983 August 12: completed final acceptance

1983 October 16: Rollout from Palmdale

1983 October 28: SSME on dock, KSC

1983 November 5: overland delivery to Edwards AFB

1983 November 6: ferry flight to Vandenberg AFB

1983 November 8: ferry flight to Carswell AFB

1983 November 9: ferry flight to KSC

1983 November 15: transport to OPF and start modifications, KSC

1983 December 9: transfer to VAB for storage, KSC

1983 December 22: SSME on dock, KSC

1984 January 3: transfer to OPF, KSC

1984 January 5: SSME on dock, KSC

1984 May 12: transfer to VAB, KSC

1984 June 2: flight readiness firing of SSME, LC-39A

1984 June 25: Conduct STS-41-D, first flight, launch KSC, launch scrubbed at T-9 minutes due to general-purpose computer No. 5 disparity with primary set of general-purpose computers.

1984 June 26: Conduct STS-41-D, first flight, launch KSC, launch postponed indefinitely due to shutdown of SSMEs 3 and 2 at T-4 seconds due to slow opening of SSME 3 main fuel valve, SSME I never received a start command.

1984 July 14: rollback from Launch Complex 39-A to VAB, KSC, for remanifest of payloads

1984 July 17: transfer to OPF for reconfiguration of payload bay and for remanifest of payloads

1984 August 2: transfer to VAB and remate with SRB and ET

1984 August 9: rollout to LC-39A

1984 August 28: remanifest 41 D mission launch for Aug. 29, postponed for 24 hours for software verification

1984 August 30: launch of STS-41-D

Date: October 16, 1983

NASA ID: S84-30898

source, source, source, source, source, source

#Space Shuttle #Space Shuttle Discovery #Discovery #OV-103 #Orbiter #NASA #Space Shuttle Program #rollout ceremony #Rockwell International #Palmdale #California #October #1983 #my post

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dreaminginthedeepsouth · 4 months

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Nick Anderson

* * * * *

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

January 6, 2024

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

JAN 7, 2024

Today, three years to the day after the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol to prevent the counting of the electoral ballots that would make Democrat Joe Biden president, officers from the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested three fugitives wanted in connection with that attack.

Siblings Jonathan and Olivia Pollock, whose family owns Rapture Guns and Knives, described on its Facebook page as a “christian owned Gun and Knife store” in Lakeland, Florida, and Joseph Hutchinson III, who once worked there, are suspected of some of the worst violence of January 6. The FBI had offered a $30,000 reward for “Jonny” Pollock, while the other two had been arrested but removed their ankle bracelets in March 2023 and fled.

Family members of the fugitives and of other Lakeland residents arrested for their involvement in the January 6 attack on the Capitol insist their relatives are innocent, framed by a government eager to undermine their way of life. The Pollock family has gone so far as to erect a monument “in honor of the ones who lost their lives on January 6, 2021.”

But it does not honor the law enforcement officers who were killed or injured. It honors the insurrectionists: Ashli Babbitt, shot by a law enforcement officer as she tried to break into the House Chamber through a smashed window (her family today sued the government for $30 million for wrongful death), and three others, one who died of a stroke; one of a heart attack, and one of an amphetamine overdose.

The monument in Lakeland, Florida, is a stark contrast to the one President Biden visited yesterday in Pennsylvania. Valley Forge National Park is the site of the six-month winter encampment of the Continental Army in the hard winter of 1777–1778. After the British army captured the city of Philadelphia in September 1777, General George Washington settled 12,000 people of his army about 18 miles to the northwest.

There the army almost fell apart. Supply chains were broken as the British captured food or it spoiled in transit to the soldiers, and wartime inflation meant the Continental Congress did not appropriate enough money for food and clothing. Hunger and disease stalked the camp, but even worse was the lack of clothing. More than 1,000 soldiers died, and about eight or ten deserted every day. Washington warned the president of the Continental Congress that the men were close to mutiny.

Even if they didn’t quit, they weren’t very well organized for an army charged with resisting one of the greatest military forces on the globe. The different units had been trained with different field manuals, making it hard to coordinate movements, and a group of army officers were working with congressmen to replace Washington, complaining about how he was prosecuting the war.

By February 1778, though, things were falling into place. A delegation from the Continental Congress had visited Valley Forge and understood that the lack of supplies made the army, and thus the country, truly vulnerable, and they set out to reform the supply department. Then a newly arrived Prussian officer, Baron Friedrich von Steuben, drilled the soldiers into unity and better morale. And then, in May, the soldiers learned that France had signed a treaty with the American states in February, lending money, matériel, and men to the cause of American independence. When the soldiers broke camp in June, they marched out ready to take on the British at the Battle of Monmouth, where their new training paid off as they held their own against the British soldiers.

The January 6 insurrectionists were fond of claiming they were echoing these American revolutionaries who created the new nation in the 1770s. The right-wing Proud Boys’ strategic plan for taking over buildings in the Capitol complex on January 6 was titled: “1776 Returns,” and even more famously, newly elected representative Lauren Boebert (R-CO) wrote on January 5, 2021: “Remember these next 48 hours. These are some of the most important days in American history.” On January 6, she wrote: “Today is 1776.”

Trump has repeatedly called those January 6 insurrectionists “patriots.”

Biden yesterday called Trump out for “trying to steal history the same way he tried to steal the election.”

Indeed. The insurrectionists at the Capitol were not patriots. They were trying to overthrow the government in order to take away the right at the center of American democracy: our right to determine our own destiny. Commemorating them as heroes is the 21st century’s version of erecting Confederate statues.

The January 6th insurrectionists were nothing like the community at Valley Forge, made up of people who had offered up their lives to support a government pledged, however imperfectly in that era, to expanding that right. When faced with hunger, disease, and discord, that community—which was made up not just of a remarkably diverse set of soldiers from all 13 colonies, including Black and Indigenous men, but also of their families and the workers, enslaved and free, who came with them—worked together to build a force that could establish a nation based in the idea of freedom.

The people at the Capitol on January 6 who followed in the footsteps of those who were living in the Valley Forge encampment 246 years ago were not the rioters. They were the people who defended our right to live under a government in which we have a say: those like the staffers who delayed their evacuation of the Capitol to save the endangered electoral ballots, and like U.S. Capitol Police officers Eugene Goodman, Harry Dunn, Caroline Edwards, and Aquilino Gonell and Metropolitan Police officer Michael Fanone, along with the more than 140 officers injured that day.

Fanone, whom rioters beat and tasered, giving him a traumatic brain injury and a heart attack, yesterday told Emily Ngo, Jeff Coltin, and Nick Reisman of Politico: “I think it’s important that every institution in this country, every American, take the responsibility of upholding democracy seriously. And everyone needs to be doing everything that they can to ensure that a.) Donald Trump does not succeed and b.) the MAGA movement is extinguished.”

Unlike the violence of the January 6th insurrectionists, the experience of the people at Valley Forge is etched deep into our national identity as a symbol of the sacrifice and struggle Americans have made to preserve and renew democracy. It is so central to who we are that we have commemorated it in myths and monuments and have projected into the future that its meaning will always remain at the heart of America. According to The Star Trek Encyclopedia, the Federation Excelsior-class starship USS Valley Forge will still be fighting in the 24th century… against the Dominion empire.

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

#Valley Forge #American Revolution #American history #history #Letters From An American #Heather Cox Richardson #January 6th Anniversary #sedition #seditious conspiracy #Civil War #The confederacy

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whencyclopedia · 3 months

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American Invasion of Quebec

The American invasion of Quebec (September 1775-June 1776) was a military campaign undertaken during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Hoping to induce the Province of Quebec to join the rebellion, the Second Continental Congress dispatched troops under generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold to occupy British-controlled Canada. The invasion climaxed with an American defeat at the Battle of Quebec.

#History #AmericanRevolution #BattleOfQuebec #BenedictArnold

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turtlemagnum · 2 months

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my name is penis cockboy. i am average american man. im am eat 2000 handburger every night and i am gary married to my M16A1 rifle born of father Eugene Stonert. we love watching the japanimation together such as Dagon Balls and jimjums bazaar, specifically westernized into American Mother Tongue by no less than 34 U.S.A. subsidized corportions. i am veteran of 1776 wars, most recently the one where we anexed Greater Canadia for their oils and slightly different healthcare. i live close to Cleaveman Ohīo, which is in greatest of all 501 states and is only city lived in by Real Humanas (amaericanss) that is not utter Dohge Shitte. i never forget natal holerday of september 11 1973, when my country overthrow communists in chile and help glorious unamerican leader augustulus pinochet instill fascism in own land. very nice! in my spare time after job of Land Lordt, i enjoy calling europeans ethnic slurs over greatest ameircan inventon of all timne, THE INFORMATION SUPER-HIGHWAY....

im die without big drink

#turtle hall of fame

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orpheusmori · 1 year

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Marat Resources Masterpost:

Author's Note: This list is limited to Marat's own works and less-negative portrayals from various historians. There are ample books and historians that depict Marat in a negative way that are easy to find. There has been a bit of work done to show Robespierre in a less negative way in the field, but most of the works about Marat that don't just echo Thermadorian propoganda are much older (like pre-Cold War). Also, in attempt to make this as accessible as possible, most of these sources are public-access or can be found through JSTOR.

I'll be adding more dates and sources as I progress in my own studies, but I hope this offers at least a starting point.

Marat's Own Works:

Pre-Revolution: Scientific and Medical Works

Essay on Gleets (Gonorrhea) (1775) and An Inquiry Into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of a Single Disease of the Eyes (1776) (English Translation from 1891)

Recherches Physiques sur le Feu (English: Research into the Physics of Fire) (1780)

Découvertes sur la Lumière (Discoveries on Light) (1779)

Recherches physiques sur l'électricité (Research in Physics on Electricity) (1782)

Mémoire sur l'électricité médicale (1783)

Discoveries of M. Marat,... on fire, electricity and light, confirmed by a series of new experiments. (1779)

His French Translation of Newton's Optics (1787)

Pre-Revolution: Political/Other Works

A philosophical essay on man: Being an attempt to investigate the principles and laws of the reciprocal influence of the soul on the body. (1773)

De l'homme ou des principes et des lois de l'influence de l'ame sur le corps, et du corps sur l'ame. (1775)

Plan de législation criminelle. (1780)

The Chains of Slavery: LES CHAÎNES DE L'ESCLAVAGE (1791 French Edition)

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Avilir les peuples.

Chapter 3 Diviser la nation.

Chapter 4 Des esprits satiriques.

Chapter 5: Vains efforts du peuple.

Chapter 6: De la guerre étrangère.

Chapter 7: Coups d'etat.

The Chains of Slavery (1774 English Translation)

Early Revolution:

Offrande à la Patrie (Offering to the Nation) (first published anonymously in February 1789)

"Supplément de l'Offrande" (1789)

L' Ami du Peuple:

L' Ami du Peuple (September 1789-1793)

L' Ami du Peuple continued

Some Specific Parts of L' Ami du Peuple:

"Jews, Executioners, and Actors" (from No. 77, December 25, 1789)

"Illusion of the Blind Multitude on the Supposed Excellence of the Constitution" (from No 334, January 8, 1791)

“Freedom is Lost” (from No. 625, December 14, 1791)

“What Men Are More Vain than the French?” (from No 671, July 12, 1792)

"To Camille Desmoulins"

"Corruption of the National Assembly"

"Denunciation of Necker"

"On the King's Dismissal of Necker"

"Conjurations of all Enemies to the Revolution with Lafayette"

"Observations of the Hate Raised Against Him"

Post-humously Published Works:

The Adventures of Young Count Potowski, Vol. 1 (published in 1848)

The Adventures of Young Count Potowski, Vol. 2

From Historians on Marat:

Marat: THE FRIEND OF THE PEOPLE (Bougeart, 1865?)

"The Radicalism of Jean Paul Marat" ARTICLE (Gottschalk, 1921)

Jean-Paul Marat: The People's Friend (Bax, 1900)

Jean-Paul Marat: A Study in Radicalism (Gottschalk, 1927)

Jean-Paul Marat: Tribune of the French Revolution (Conner, 2012)

Jean Paul Marat: Scientist and Revolutionary (Conner, 1997)

#french revolution #french rev #jean paul marat #marat #resources #masterpost #l'ami du peuple #frev #sources

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rabbitcruiser · 2 years

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Nathan Hale was hanged for spying during the American Revolution on September 22, 1776.

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my-deer-history · 2 months

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Francis Kinloch in the Müller-Bonstetten letters: Part 3

My translations here, German and French originals below the cut. Thanks to @acrossthewavesoftime for help on a particularly sticky passage!

28 Aug 1776

What can I do about it that my pen always flatters you? Now that Kinloch is also leaving me, you are everything to me. I understand your heart, I understand you in your absentmindedness.

Difficile est saturam non scribere. nam quis iniquae

tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se.*

My letters will henceforth be different. My Kinloch departs from me, and B. is the only mortal whom I can embrace, at least once a week. [...] And he is Kinloch, whose hometown is, at this moment, being challenged by Clinton, who in this hour may have lost his entire fortune to the bombs or the sword, who knows that his gentle mother and his sister are exposed to the barbaric rage of the German troops, and who continues to calmly study the law, to prepare himself for great things, and even finds the time to love me, and to greet you.

*From Juvenal’s Satires:

It is hard not to write Satire. For who is so tolerant of the unjust City, so steeled, that he can restrain himself

18 Sept 1776

I wrote a long letter to you and did not send it, because I know that you always share my displeasures with me. I would rather harden myself against them; excepting vice and ignorance, there is no misfortune in the world for the wise; otherwise, what would be the purpose of philosophy! It has been a long time since you wrote to me; remember that I cannot be without you. Kinloch is leaving, when? I do not know, but certainly before the 10th October,* for three days to Iverdun; I am not going with him.

When K wants to leave me what little the war has spared him, and wants to renounce everything for me, and is angry that fate has not made him rich for my sake, then your friend feels the power of divine friendship over his heart, looks for it in vain among the others, sees only you and him.

*John Laurens writes to Kinloch on 30 September and mentions that Kinloch expected to leave for Italy earlier than planned, on account of the health of his travelling companion – and possibly a young lady he was courting – called Miss Stephens.

30 Oct 1776

Kinloch makes me happier than all 13 Cantons*. I have 3 letters from him, I will bring them for you.

*The 13 Cantons made up the Swiss Confederation until 1798, and were the subject of Müller’s extensive historical studies.

23 Dec 1776

At about seven o’clock I write my letters; weekly to you and to Kinloch; rarely to others on business; occasionally to Geneva because of the unrest; occasionally to a young person who loves me very much and whom I am training to serve in place of my eyes. [...] My happiest moments are those in which I find a new connection or a new direction, and those where I rise from my work, and walk around my room alone, my thoughts fixed on you and K. or on my future happiness.

31 Dec 1776

Kinloch writes, all his letters are full of imagination and sentiment; he has seen Cardinal Bernis, the Duke of Ostergotland, the Duke of Gloucester. The American army is scattered, Washington appears to be looking for a good peace for himself and his people; if the war should continue, K has determined to sacrifice all the happiness that awaited him, even the health that he only enjoys in Europe, to his mother. I can never praise the nobility of his elevated soul enough to you.

17 Feb 1777

Do you not think that I would do well to tell Kinloch not to look for anything for me, until I write otherwise to him again? [...] That which makes me unable to expect I shall ever be independent from the pen is my unlimited yearning for fame; all that I write, I want to make worthy of all times and all peoples: that makes the work long. But I am not anxious; I trust in you and Kinloch and myself. I want to send you letters about Italy from Kinloch along with my chapter!

1 April 1777

I embrace you, my brother and my friend. As soon as I am freed from the shackles of this death, I will live for you alone and for K. Farewell, farewell.

12 April 1777

And another thing: Yes, the Greeks had kings; these kings were planters, like Abraham, like our old nobility and the american Englishmen. If Kinloch’s 2000 acres in Florida and his Kensington, Kinlochfurt and Winyau* were laid together, Homer would have called him King Francis Kinloch.

[...]

Kinloch from Paris: “In this moment I receive yours and stretch the hand of fraternal love to you across the extent of country, that separates us my dearest M. The love of you is an essential part of my very being, and I could not sooner quit the one as the other. If there is a Being, whose eye pierces into the inmost recesses of our soul, he alone can know how much I love you, and how much, how ardently I desire from the very bottom of my heart, that it may ever be in my power to remove every obstacle that stands between you and the most supreme degree of happiness. The only service we can render one another at present, is to keep our friendship unsullied by any thing unworthy of it, to act as if we, each of us, had the eyes of him we love best upon us. The day will come when I shall be able to lay my hands upon your works, and to say with a smile of exultation: This man is my bosom friend. Trust me, K. will not be altogether idle on his side. I seldom, you know, give way to the effusions of my love, but when I do, the tears start into my eyes, and I am obliged to lay down my pen.” And you: “Everything brings you closer and closer to my heart.” Can I be unhappy, and will the warmth of your friendship not enrich my spirit? not ignite it? When I received Kinloch's letter I could not work all morning. Tell me, my dear friend: do you not love him too?

*Jucharte is a Swiss term for an area of land of 36 ares, though here being used synonymously with acres. These names presumably refer to Kinloch family owned land at Kensington and Weehaw, though it’s not clear what or where Kinlochsfurt (Kinloch’s Ford) is, as well as the 2000 acres that Kinloch Sr acquired in East Florida.

28 Aug 1776

Was kann ich dafür, daß meine Feder immer für Euch anseht? Nun mich auch Kinloch verläßt, so sind Sie mir Alles. Ich verstehe Ihr Herz, ich verehre Euch in Euren Etourderien.

Difficile est saturam non scribere. nam quis iniquae

tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se.

Meine Briefe werden künftig noch anders seyn. Mein Kinloch scheidet von mir, und B. ist der einige Sterbliche, den ich wenigstens Einmal wöchentlich umarmen kann. [...] Und der ist Kinloch, dessen Vaterstadt Clinton nun ausgefordert, der in dieser Stunde vielleicht sein ganzes Vermögen durch Bomben und Schwert verloren hat, der seine zärtliche Mutter und seine Schwester der barbarischen Wuth teutscher Soldaten ausgesetzt weiß, und ruhig seine Gesetze studiert, sich zu großen Dingen stärkt, und sogar Zeit findet, mich zu lieben und Sie zu grüßen.

18 Sept 1776

Ich habe Ihnen einen langen Brief geschrieben, und nicht gesandt, weil ich weiß, daß, Sie meinen Unmuth immer mit mir theilen. Ich will mich lieber dagegen stärken; außer Lastern und Unwissenheit ist in der Welt kein Unglück für den Weisen; wozu hälfe die Philosophie! - Es ist lang, seit Sie mir geschrieben; erinnern Sie sich, daß ich ohne Sie nicht seyn kann. — Kinloch geht, wann? weiß ich nicht, aber gewiß vor dem 10. Det., auf drei Tage nach Iverdun; ich komme nicht mit ihm. Wenn K, von dem Wenigen, so der Krieg ihm übrig gelassen, für mich entübrigen, und für mich sich selbst abbrechen will, und über das Schicksal zürnt, welches ihn nicht für mich reich gemacht hat, alsdann fühlt Euer Freund die Macht der göttlichen Freundschaft über sein Herz, sucht sie vergeblich unter den andern, sieht nur Euch und ihn.

30 Oct 1776

Kinloch allein macht mich glücklicher, als alle 13 Orte. Ich habe 3 Briefe von ihm, die bringe ich Euch.

23 Dec 1776

Ungefähr um sieben Uhr schreibe ich meine Briefe; wöchentlich an Sie und an Kinloch; selten an andere um Geschäfte; bisweilen nach Genf wegen der Unruhen; bisweilen an einen jungen Menschen, der mich sehr liebt und welchen ich bilde, mir einst statt meiner Augen zu dienen. [...] Meine glücklichsten Augenblicke sind die, in welchen ich eine neue Verbindung oder eine neue Wendung entdecke, und die, wenn ich von meiner Arbeit aufstehe, und einsam durch mein Zimmer spaziere, die Gedanken auf Sie und K. oder auf meine künftige Glückseligkeit geheftet.

31 Dec 1776

Kinloch schreibt, alle seine Briefe sind voll Einbildung und Empfindung; Er sieht den Cardinal Bernis, den Herzog von Ostgothland, den Herzog von Glocester. Die amerikanische Armee ist zerstreut, Washington scheint für sich und die Seinigen einen guten Frieden zu suchen; wenn der Krieg fortdauren sollte, so ist K. entschlossen, alles Glück, so ihn erwartete, sogar die Gesundheit, deren er nur in Europa genießt, seiner Mutter aufzuopfern. Ich kann Ihnen nie genug den Edelmuth seiner hohen Seele rühmen.

17 Feb 1777

Denken Sie nicht, ich thue wohl, dem Kinloch zu sagen, daß er, bis ich ihm anderst schreibe, nichts für mich suche? [...] Was macht, daß ich meine Unabhängigkeit nicht von der Feder erwarten kann, ist meine unbegränzte Ruhmbegierde; alles was ich schreibe, möchte ich aller Zeiten und aller Völker würdig machen: das macht die Arbeit lang. Ich bin aber nicht unruhig; ich verlasse mich auf Euch und Kinloch und mich. - Ich will Euch mit meinen Kapiteln Briefe über Italien von Kinloch senden!

1 April 1777

Ich umarme dich, mein Bruder und mein Freund. Sobald ich der Fesseln dieses Todes befreit bin, lebe ich für Dich allein und für K. Adieu, Adieu.

12 April 1777

Noch eins: Ja die Griechen hatten Könige; diese Könige waren die Planters, wie Abraham, wie unser alter Adel und die amerikanischen Engländer. Wenn Kinlochs 2000 Jucharten in Florida und sein Kensington, Kinlochsfurt und Winyau* beisammen lagen, so hätt' ihn Homer den König Francis Kinloch genannt.

[...]

Kinloch aus Paris: “In this moment I receive yours and stretch the hand of fraternal love to you across the extent of country, that separates us my dearest M. The love of you is an essential part of my very being, and I could not sooner quit the one as the other. If there is a Being, whose eye pierces into the inmost recesses of our soul, he alone can know how much I love you, and how much, how ardently I desire from the very bottom of my heart, that it may ever be in my power to remove every obstacle that stands between you and the most supreme degree of happiness. The only service we can render one another at present, is to keep our friendship unsullied by any thing unworthy of it, to act as if we, each of us, had the eyes of him we love best upon us. The day will come when I shall be able to lay my hands upon your works, and to say with a smile of exultation: This man is my bosom friend. Trust me, K. will not be altogether idle on his side. I seldom, you know, give way to the effusions of my love, but when I do, the tears start into my eyes, and I am obliged to lay down my pen.” Und du: “Alles nähert dich meinem Herzen mehr und mehr." Kann ich unglücklich seyn, und wird die Wärme Eurer Freundschaft meinen Geist nicht befruchten? nicht entzünden? Als ich Kinlochs Brief bekommen, konnte ich den ganzen Morgen nicht mehr arbeiten. Sage mir, mein Herzensfreund: liebest Du ihn nicht auch?

#francis kinloch #johannes von müller #karl viktor von bonstetten #18th century history #queer history #john laurens

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profamer · 2 years

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246 Years Ago Today: Congress appointed Benj. Franklin, Silas Dean and Thomas Jefferson, commissioners to the court of France. They were the first persons appointed by the United States to act in the capacity of ministers plenipotentiary, b #history #thisdayinhistory

SEPTEMBER 26, 1776 Congress appointed Benj. Franklin, Silas Dean and Thomas Jefferson, commissioners to the court of France. They were the first persons appointed by the United States to act in the capacity of ministers plenipotentiary, but as the country had not yet been acknowledged by any power, they were designated by the humble title of commissioners. SOURCE: The Every Day Book of History…

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#1776 #246 years ago #September 26 #This Day in History

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john-laurens · 1 year

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I have been thinking about a line that John Laurens wrote to Francis Kinloch on August 23, 1774:

it grows so late that I must bid you Adieu, kiss all the pretty Genevoises for me, and dont delay to write to your affectionate John Laurens_

I don't speak French, but my understanding is that "Genevoises" is feminine plural and would translate to "Genevan women." So my question is - why did John ask Francis to kiss all of the pretty Genevan women for him?

This is the first letter John wrote to Francis after John arrived in London. He had just left Francis and their other friends behind in Geneva, a transition that was surely hard on him, as evidenced by an earlier line in the letter:

If my Letter is a little confused, dont be surpriz'd at it, for I am quite like a Creature in a new World, and shall be for some time in an unsettled State_ I am glad however to inform you that I shall not have Lodgings in the Temple as I at first thought_ but in some genteel private Family_ the Noise, the Cries the Smoak and Dust of this vast City, make me sometimes wish myself back at Paquis, I have another Reason too, for wishing myself there, I dont know when I shall get into such a valuable Set of Acquaintance as I have left_

I am of the opinion that John and Francis had a deeply romantic relationship - you can explore previous discussions about this in my Francis Kinloch tag. So what is the purpose of John asking his closest friend/lover, whom he only recently left, to kiss some pretty ladies on his behalf?

Was John being facetious? This seems like the most obvious answer, considering John rarely ever mentioned women in his other surviving writings and barely in any romantic context. Was he simply trying to make light of an emotionally trying time in his life?

Was there a hidden implication behind the words? The phrase conjures intimate images of Francis kissing people he finds attractive. Perhaps John was making a reference to kisses they'd shared in the past but veiled in a way that would not be so easily understood by other readers of the letter.

Was it performative? Was John feeling fear or uncertainty regarding his likely attraction toward men? Was he trying to make himself out to be something else?

Was John teasing Francis? Francis seems to have experienced attraction to women. A "Miss Stephens" that Francis appeared to seriously court is mentioned in a September 30, 1776 letter from John to Francis. Were there certain women in Geneva that Francis found attractive, and was John encouraging him to explore those attractions?

Or is there no hidden meaning? Did John think of the Genevan women as pretty and genuinely wish to kiss them?

A final note - I also find it interesting that the final "-es" in "Genevoises" is written detached from the rest of the word:

Is it possible that John originally wrote the word as "Genevois" (Genevan men, to my understanding) and then added the "-es" to alter the meaning? Probably not, as there is evidence that this was simply John's style of handwriting (as seen below in the word "present"), but it is something to consider.

#I rambled about this to ciceroprofacto like 2 months ago and I'm sure I'm not being as eloquent now #But it still occupies my mind every second of every day #John Laurens #Francis Kinloch #Laureloch #Someone who actually knows French can also contribute

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thelightsandtheroses · 11 months

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Everybody leaves, so why, why wouldn’t you? | Joel Miller x female reader

Summary - You and Joel haven’t heard from either of your brothers in weeks and, with Tess, start forming a plan to leave the QZ and find them. Warnings - none for this fic. Overall series warnings are on the series list. Un-beta'd. Word Count - 1776 Notes - While this stands alone, it’s part of my series of interconnected fics, Fuel to Fire. As a warning, I did write this entire one-shot while I've been ill this weekend so please bear this in mind. Time jump for this one as this scene has been in my head a while.This fic doesn’t mean we won’t return to the QZ at some point for those who want to see more between Between the Shadow … and here and I’ve scattered some hints about some plot points that have happened in between and I will explore those in the future. However, we’ve planted the seeds for the main TLOU plot here. Chapter title from Great Expectations - The Gaslight Anthem. Please let me know what you think of this one shot!

Series List | Masterlist

Boston QZ, September 2023

It’s been weeks since the last radio message. You can see the growing worry in Joel’s eyes. You can see the way it adds to his already loaded shoulders. He hides it as much as he can, wears a mask every time he leaves the apartment, tries to wear that same mask with you and Tess too, but you can see through it.

Tommy has never taken this long to respond to one of Joel’s messages before. In another world, it wouldn’t be a worry, just a sign of a busy life and changed priorities, but in this world it’s not so much a red flag as a glaring, flashing beacon and sirens. Something’s wrong.

Your own brother isn’t replying either and the last you had heard, he was with Tommy.

There’s a sickness in your stomach when you think about that.

“And you’re sure he got the message?” Joel asks, running a hand through his hair and then meeting your gaze directly. His brown eyes are heavy with the weight of his worries, of the last twenty years. Surviving comes at a cost. Everyone knows that now.

“Abe said he did. That’s as much of a guarantee as either of us are going to get here.”

“But he’s not replied?”

“No, but he has barely responded to any of my messages in years, Joel, I got most of my news on him from Tommy,” you say, putting an old scrap of paper into your book and placing it on the battered coffee table. Your brother has been lost to you for too long; first to the Fireflies and their cause and then to grief, pride and stubbornness. Both you and your brother are now your only ties to the lives you lived before the outbreak, the only other people who are linked to you by blood. That’s not enough though, clearly.

Joel sighs heavily. “He could be - they could be in trouble. They left the Fireflies, they - Tommy always replies. If he’s not, something’s wrong.”

You don’t reply.

“I have to find him.” You were dreading these words, but you expected them. This is Joel after all. If there is anyone left in the world, he would cross open country for, it’s his family. It’s his brother, even when they don’t exactly like each other anymore. You know this, because you feel it too.

“Where was Tommy’s last message sent from?” You take Joel’s hands into your own, exhale carefully as you entwine your fingers with his.

“Wyoming. Cody, I think.”

“That’s a lot of open country, Joel.” Wyoming feels like a world away from Boston at this moment. You think about the last time you crossed open country, in the years before you met Joel. You and your group were scared and vulnerable and every day you survived was a Pyrrhic victory. You can die a thousand small deaths while still breathing.

You look down and notice your hands are shaking. You quickly shove them into your jacket pockets before Joel can see. You can’t let him know how nervous this idea makes you. You don’t want him to go alone, or just with Tess, their smuggling runs are agonising enough. You don’t want to go with him either. You can’t let him go without you though.

Your brother is there with Tommy. Whatever fate has befallen Joel’s brother, is likely your brother’s too. Like Joel, whatever barrier is in place between you and your family doesn’t matter if they’re in need.

There is no choice here. You’ll both be going to Wyoming one way or the other if Tommy or your brother don’t reply in the next week or so.

“We’ll need a plan,” you say in a voice you can barely recognise your own. “Need to do this carefully, Joel.”

“I can talk to Tess. She can help.”

“Okay. Let’s do this.”

“Dammit, Tommy. What have you got yourself into this time?”

You wake up next to Joel. The bedcovers are half kicked off the two of you, Joel’s right hand lazily resting over your hip.

“What time did you come to bed?” you ask, rubbing the sleep from your eyes.

“A few hours after you. I had to think some things through.”

You turn to face him. It looks like he’s barely slept at all.

“We’d need a vehicle,” you say after a moment, running a hand lazily through his hair. “That would be the safest way to get there.”

For a moment, you see a glimpse of your life before the outbreak. You remember sunny days and driving through rural lanes, the sun out, windows down and stereo turned up high, laughing along with friends and singing songs out of tune at the top of your voice.

You remember the joy of carelessness.

You’re back in Boston all too quickly though.

“I know,” Joel replies.

“Do you think you can get one? FEDRA maybe? Decommissioned?” you ask, idly thinking aloud.

Joel takes your hand, kisses it briefly before getting out of the bed and pulling his jeans on.

“I can talk to some people. I think decommissioned is the way to go. They’ll never give us one that’s working, but the depot could be an option, maybe? I mean, they have old vehicles.”

“Okay, so how we do this?” you ask, pulling a shirt on and joining him in the kitchen area.

“It’ll take a lot of cards,” Joel says, his hands pressing down on the kitchen counter and showing every one of his back muscles through his shirt.

“I can pull some extra shifts -” you start to say, running a hand down his spine. “I have some old vinyl records I can trade. I think I heard Mark say he’s looking for some more music, and they’re worth a few cards now. My player’s done for so there’s no point hanging on.”

Joel spins around and places his hands on your hips. “Okay, I can talk to my guy about a vehicle and -”

“Tell me I’m not hearing this correctly, Joel. You’re trying to get a vehicle?” Tess says from the hallway. She raises a hand lazily in greeting as she walks over to join you both in the kitchen. Over the years, you’ve got used to this. At first the way Tess could just walk into Joel’s place and act like it was her own too panicked you, you didn’t know if you were meant to be in some strange competition for whatever it was between you and Joel. Things have settled though; you and Tess, you might even be friends now.

“Batteries?” you ask.

“Why’d you need a vehicle, Joel?”

“We’ve gotta find my brother and hers,” Joel says coolly. “Tommy needs me, Tess.”

“Okay. You know that the batteries are usually fucked in the old vehicles?”

This is what you like about Tess; she’s there for Joel. No questions asked. She’s smart, measured and wily. She’s an asset on your side and a thorn for her enemies. If Joel says he needs to get Wyoming, she’ll help find a way.

“Yeah, so we’d need a battery too,” Joel says, “But with a battery and one of those vehicles, maybe, maybe we have a plan? Tess, you and me are gonna get out, we get to Wyoming, get Tommy and we get your brother too, darlin’, and then we come back.”

“Wait, I’m coming too,” you say flatly.

“Like hell you are,” Joel says fiercely, shaking his head at you. You take a step out of his arms and cross your arms.

“When was the last time you weren’t in a QZ?” Tess asks. “This isn’t a trip to Disneyland; this is going through raider territory and -”

“It’s my fucking family too, Tess. It’s not just Tommy, is it? My brother might hate me but he’s the only one I have left, so I’m coming too. No arguments.”

Tess scoffs, shakes her head. Joel won’t look at you now either. You realise he genuinely thought you’d be happy with him and Tess crossing thousands of miles to rescue both your brothers and for you to stay in the QZ?

“I can bring him home,” he says.

“My brother, my problem.”

“You’re not backing down on this, are you?” he asks with a hint of affection in his voice.

You shake your head. You might regret this but you’re terrified that if you don’t go with them, you won’t see either of them and that, that is worse than your fear of the outside.

“Right, so the car battery, Tess?”

“I know someone who could have a lead on that,” Tess says after a moment, “Leave it with me.”

“How soon?” Joel asks. “I’m going to go find out about the vehicle now.”

“As soon as it’s possible, Joel, we can’t rush this. But I get it’s urgent.”

Joel nods. You notice a flash of light in his eyes; a fleeting sense of hope that he conceals all too quickly.

“I can try and start getting some supplies for the journey from work? Most of it’s locked down, but if I start now, by the time we go we could have some things together,” you offer, wanting to help in some way.

“That could be useful,” Tess says.

You check the watch around your wrist that was once your older brother’s. You’re going to be late for your shift. You squeeze Joel’s arm and are a little surprised when he briefly kisses you. While Tess knows that you and Joel are something, the habit of keeping yourselves to yourselves around others over the years has become hard to break.

Before you leave Joel and Tess to their plans, you remember the reason you were at Joel’s yesterday, the reason that had somehow faded away at the site of Joel’s worried face after not receiving a message yet again.

“Oh, I forgot to say. They’ve arrested Jason and Maria - unauthorised exit and entry into the QZ, they were pulling the apartment apart when I left it last.“

Joel takes a step towards you, a mix of annoyance that you hadn’t told him and concern. He knows what this is - Maria’s your best friend and she’s going to be hanged for this. Another loss, another person you will only remember.

“I’m fine, Joel, there’s nothing they can get on me. I’m not a smuggler. I’m fine, but Jason and Maria’s - Maria’s not, they’re not going to be okay” you say softly, “Both of you, be careful. Please.”

I can’t lose anyone else, you think, I can’t lose everybody.

Tag Lists

Fuel to Fire- @ginger-swag-rapunzel

All Pedro Characters - @harriedandharassed @hiroikegawa @pedrostories

#joel miller x female reader #joel miller x you #joel miller x reader #joel miller #the last of us fanfiction #tlou hbo #pedro pascal character #*fuel to fire

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