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thepictureofsdr · 2 years

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“controversial opinion alastair carstairs has potentially had the hardest life out of any of the main characters in the shadowhunters universe so far” now you may be thinking to yourself “WHOA tumblr user thepictureofsdr back it up there, that is an incredibly bold, broad, and obnoxious take” HOWEVER i have a case to make.

(disclaimer this isn’t taking into account the villains or immortal characters while i personally understand cringe teenager psychology i cannot personally understand the psychology of people over 300 nor those with murderous urges, im not finished my degree. one more disclaimer in the notes)

there is one singular thing that i think sets alastair apart from any of his other mc shadowhunter colleagues: the fact that he has been alone his whole life.

you can pluck any mc from any cassie series and create a web of support for them, whether it be family or friends, whether the characters believe they have that support system or deserve it or not, that support is STILL THERE. at all points in TMI, clary, jace, alec, izzy, and simon were all there for each other. alec was pretending to believe jace was evil in coa? izzy was staunchly defending jace. clary had a falling out with the others? she had simon. this pattern continues into the books, with gideon and gabriel being forgiven by institute and allowed a place to heal, with jem and will each going through hell but having each other and then having tessa, with the blackthorn siblings having each other to fall back on (including emma), with kit finding a home in LA and then with the carstairs, with the merry thieves considering each other brothers, with cordelia spilling her heart out to lucie, hell even grace had jesse. obviously i haven’t named every character but you get the trend im going for. every character has had SOMEONE, a friend, a significant other, a parabatai, a sibling, the rare parent.

then we have alastair. he had a roughly normal childhood for a few years despite the moving around, having a healthy relationship with his baby sister. but then he turned 10, something changed and he lost everything. on top of having moved around a lot and not having a single stable friend, in a way, he lost his sister and parents. it’s impossible to have a carefree sibling relationship when you’re actively giving up your life and time to protect them. it is by no means cordelias fault that their relationship was lost, but its a sad truth. he loses that reliable open sibling relationship, he loses that relationship with his father, and his mother ceases to be a mother and becomes more a coworker in this panic to keep the family afloat. by taking on this adult role so early on in life he loses the innocence and unconditional reliability of those relationships, and he seemingly never turns to them for comfort ever again, with cordelia only finding out about part of his emotional ordeals in cog, and even then he doesn’t burden her with everything. with this breakdown of the parental units and relationship as well as being isolated, alastair also loses his only example of what a healthy romantic relationship should look like, he has no real idea how a partner should act, which we know will come into play later. let’s also not forget how the one family member that could’ve helped, jem, was actively pushed away by elias who raised his children to not trust silent brothers for his own personal selfish needs.

then he goes to school, desperate for friends and what does he get? a year of verbal and physical bullying, with rumours being spread about his family and bruises slowly covering him. he then has to spend years pretending he’s awful just to survive and by some miracle he gets out and makes 1 (one) singular friend who then publicly friend breaks up with him by threatening to throw him in a river at an engagement party attended by what i assume is the entire enclave (thank you matthew). THEN (yes this tragedy is still going) we get to one of the most unsettling relationships in the series, mostly because the bizarreness of it is just… never addressed? we get alastair and charles who were together in 1902 when they wouldve been about 18 and 23, meaning we got a man who would’ve graduated college by then going after someone who would have just graduated high school… on top of that it was an incredibly toxic relationship with charles making him feel as though he were worthless and a dirty secret and centered the entire relationship around him, his own schedule, his needs, his wants, never making time for anything on alastair’s terms. on top of the love sick teenager syndrome, alastair had never personally witnessed a healthy relationship so on top of that AND being desperate for the closeness and intimacy and support he’d gotten from no one before, he had no way of knowing he was being treated badly, he didn’t know any better until much later, after witnessing charles propose to not one but TWO GIRLS while still keeping alastair sidelined.

so to summarize, alastair has never had a lasting, appropriate, healthy, unconditional, relationship with 1. a parent 2. a sibling 3. a friend 4. a significant other 5. family. he has never been loved for the sake of being loved, hes never had someone care for him because he simply exists, everyone wants something from him and he’s never felt what its like to be truly cared for. for every trauma he has endured, for every night he went out as a child to find his drunken father passed out in a bar to drag him home, for every beating he suffered as a school boy, for every friendship that crumbled to nothing, for every time his only relationship used him and sent him to sleep unsure of his worth, he didn’t have a single person. there was no jem to assure him that no matter his faults he deserved love, no cecily to hand out forgiveness and remind him to not dwell on the past, to just move forward, no julian to turn to when he couldn’t hold up anymore, no izzy to tell him he deserves better or to point out the flaws in how he’s treated, no alec to let him rest and defend him, he has never experienced those healthy dynamics.

not only has he been dealt an awful set of cards, hes never had a single person to help him through life to the point where hes not only alone but the few relationships he does experience actively cause him more problems and pain. mind you this post doesn’t even really address the main traumas he endures this is just the breakdown of his relationships so just mentally add on his MAIN story to all of this… everything elias made him endure, all the bullshit the thieves throw in his face, every time hes given up his life for the sake of someone else… this is just the background to all of that.

in short i think alastair has had one of the hardest lives maybe even the hardest, not because i think hes suffered the worst traumas of all or i think he wins the sadness games, but because he has never had a single person to help him through what he’s experienced, to love him because he exists, never had a single person to care for him through it all and not only is he aware of this tragedy, he thinks he deserves it. he pushes people away, keeps his walls up, thinks he doesn’t deserve love from others, thinks he is too damaged and twisted to burden someone with his existence, and despite his genuinely kind soul, he still thinks he’s cruel and awful and deserving of nothing, but are we surprised? its not like he has anyone to tell him otherwise.

#disclaimer this is lighthearted i dont agree with pain olympics i just want to draw attention to the hell alastair has been forced to endure #obviously opinions can vary this is just my personal take on the series and as someone who heavily values having people around me i think #perpetuatal aloneness would make a life harder than most #i personally feel all traumas are easier to handle knowing youre not alone but if you dont agree? amazing please tell me your opinion #JUST PLEASE DONT BE MEAN TO ME I AM S E N S I T I V E #chain of iron #chain of thorns #the last hours #chain of gold #the shadowhunter chronicles #tsc #tlh #the infernal devices #tid #alastair carstairs #thomastair #thomas lightwood #sdr hc #sdr essay

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extrabeurre · 4 years

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IL PLEUVAIT DES OISEAUX en tête des nominations du Gala Québec Cinéma 2020

En direct du salon de Guillaume Lambert, les nominations du Gala Québec Cinéma (qui ne fera pas l’objet d’un rassemblement télévisuel cette année, confinement oblige) ont été dévoilées cet après-midi.

En cette année dominée par les réalisatrices, 6 des meilleurs films sont réalisés par des femmes et 3 femmes sont en lice pour l’Iris de la Meilleure réalisation.

On parle bien sûr d’Antigone de Sophie Deraspe (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), La femme de mon frère de Monia Chokri (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation), Kuessipan de Myriam Verreault (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), Jeune Juliette d’Anne Émond (Meilleur film, Meilleur scénario), Il pleuvait des oiseaux et Louise Archambault (Meilleur film, Meilleur scénario, et 13 nominations au total, le record cette année), et du plus inattendu Fabuleuses de Mélanie Charbonneau (Meilleur film).

Ces films réalisés par des femmes sont rejoints dans les catégories de pointe par les « films de gars » Mafia Inc de Podz (Meilleur film), Sympathie pour le diable de Guillaume de Fontenay (Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), et Le vingtième siècle de Matthew Rankin (Meilleur premier film, Meilleure réalisation).

Un grand oublié : Xavier Dolan, qui a lancé deux longs métrages l’an dernier. On ne s’attendait pas à un couronnement du mal-aimé The Death and Life of John F. Donovan, mais l’excellent Matthias & Maxime aurait mérité plus d’honneurs. Il est quand même en nomination dans les catégories Meilleure interprétation féminine dans un rôle de soutien (Micheline Bernard), Meilleure interprétation masculine dans un rôle de soutien (Pier-Luc Funk), Meilleure direction de la photographie (André Turpin), Meilleur montage (Xavier Dolan), Meilleure musique originale (Jean-Michel Blais) et Meilleur maquillage (Erik Gosselin, Edwina Voda).

Du côté des interprètes, je suis soulagé que mon long métrage québécois préféré depuis longtemps, Le rire de Martin Laroche, ait été au moins reconnu pour les brillantes performances de Léane Labrèche-Dor (Premier rôle féminin) et Micheline Lanctôt (Rôle de soutien féminin).

Il faut aussi souligner les deux nominations comme acteur de Robin Aubert, pour Jeune Juliette (Premier rôle masculin) et Merci pour tout (Rôle de soutien masculin).

Et une pensée pour Andrée Lachapelle, qui nous a quittés récemment, nommée comme Meilleure actrice pour Il pleuvait des oiseaux.

Parlant d’Il pleuvait des oiseaux , félicitations à Will Driving West, un de mes groupes préférés, parmi les finalistes de la catégorie Meilleure musique originale.

Aussi, je suis très heureux pour l’extraordinaire Je finirai en prison d’Alexandre Dostie, en nomination pour l’Iris du meilleur court métrage.

LISTE COMPLÈTE DES NOMINATIONS

MEILLEUR FILM

Antigone - ACPAV - Marc Daigle

Fabuleuses - GO Films - Nicole Robert

La femme de mon frère - Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant

Il pleuvait des oiseaux - Les Films Outsiders - Ginette Petit

Jeune Juliette - Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil

Kuessipan - Max Films Média - Félize Frappier

Mafia Inc - Attraction Images - Antonello Cozzolino | Caramel Films - Valérie D'Auteuil, André Rouleau

MEILLEUR PREMIER FILM

Mad Dog Labine - Jonathan Beaulieu-Cyr, Renaud Lessard - 1er scénario de Jonathan Beaulieu-Cyr, Renaud Lessard

Sympathie pour le diable - Guillaume de Fontenay - 1er scénario de Guillaume de Fontenay, Guillaume Vigneault

Le vingtième siècle - Matthew Rankin - 1er scénario de Matthew Rankin

MEILLEURE RÉALISATION

Monia Chokri - La femme de mon frère

Guillaume de Fontenay - Sympathie pour le diable

Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Matthew Rankin - Le vingtième siècle

Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

MEILLEUR SCÉNARIO

Louise Archambault - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Jean Barbe, Guillaume de Fontenay, Guillaume Vigneault - Sympathie pour le diable

Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Anne Émond - Jeune Juliette

Naomi Fontaine, Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION FÉMININE | PREMIER RÔLE

Anne-Élisabeth Bossé (Sophia) - La femme de mon frère

Anne Dorval (Isabelle Brodeur) - 14 jours 12 nuits

Léane Labrèche-Dor (Valérie) - Le rire

Andrée Lachapelle (Gertrude | Marie-Desneige) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Noémie O'Farrell (Laurie) - Fabuleuses

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION MASCULINE | PREMIER RÔLE

Robin Aubert (Bernard) - Jeune Juliette

Marc-André Grondin (Vincent «Vince »Gamache) - Mafia Inc

Patrick Hivon (Karim) - La femme de mon frère

Niels Schneider (Paul Marchand) - Sympathie pour le diable

Gilbert Sicotte (Charlie) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION FÉMININE | RÔLE DE SOUTIEN

Micheline Bernard (Francine) - Matthias & Maxime

Juliette Gosselin (Clara Diamond) - Fabuleuses

Micheline Lanctôt (Jeanne) - Le rire

Eve Landry (Rafaëlle [Raf]) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Geneviève Schmidt (France Gauthier) - Menteur

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION MASCULINE | RÔLE DE SOUTIEN

Robin Aubert (Réjean) - Merci pour tout

Sergio Castellitto (Francesco « Franck » Paternò) - Mafia Inc

Pier-Luc Funk (Rivette) - Matthias & Maxime

Sasson Gabai (Hichem) - La femme de mon frère

Rémy Girard (Tom) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

RÉVÉLATION DE L'ANNÉE

Catherine Chabot (Chloé Therrien) - Menteur

Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao (Mikuan Vollant [16-21ans]) - Kuessipan

Alexane Jamieson (Juliette) - Jeune Juliette

Nahéma Ricci (Antigone) - Antigone

Lilou Roy-Lanouette (Yanna) - Jouliks

MEILLEURE DISTRIBUTION DES RÔLES

Jacinthe Beaudet, Tobie Fraser, Geneviève Hébert, Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

Nathalie Boutrie (Casting NB) - Jeune Juliette

Nathalie Boutrie (Casting NB) | Francis Cantin, Bruno Rosato (Casting Cantin Rosato) - Mafia Inc

Sophie Deraspe, Isabelle Couture | Pierre Pageau, Daniel Poisson (Gros Plan) - Antigone

Karel Quinn (Casting Karel Quinn) | Lucie Robitaille (Casting Lucie Robitaille) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEURE DIRECTION ARTISTIQUE

Éric Barbeau - La femme de mon frère

Dany Boivin - Le vingtième siècle

Marie-Claude Gosselin, Jean Lebourdais - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Sylvain Lemaitre - Jeune Juliette

David Pelletier - Mafia Inc

MEILLEURE DIRECTION DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE

Yves Bélanger - 14 jours 12 nuits

Nicolas Canniccioni - Kuessipan

Josée Deshaies - La femme de mon frère

Mathieu Laverdière - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

André Turpin - Matthias & Maxime

MEILLEUR SON

Claude Beaugrand, Michel B. Bordeleau, Bernard Gariépy Strobl, Claude La Haye, Raymond Legault - The Song of Names

Sylvain Bellemare, Jocelyn Caron, Bernard Gariépy Strobl - Sympathie pour le diable

Serge Boivin, Olivier Calvert, Samuel Gagnon-Thibodeau - Ville Neuve

Luc Boudrias, Sylvain Brassard, Jean Camden - Mafia Inc

Bernard Gariépy Strobl, Sacha Ratcliffe, Lynne Trépanier - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEUR MONTAGE

Geoffrey Boulangé, Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Monia Chokri, Justine Gauthier - La femme de mon frère

Xavier Dolan - Matthias & Maxime

Myriam Poirier - 14 jours 12 nuits

Matthew Rankin - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEURS EFFETS VISUELS

Alchimie 24 - Alain Lachance, Jean-Pierre Riverin - The Song of Names

Mikros - Véronique Dessard, Philippe Frère - The Hummingbird Project

Oblique FX - Benoit Brière, Louis-Philippe Clavet, Kinga Sabela - Sympathie pour le diable

MEILLEURE MUSIQUE ORIGINALE

Andréa Bélanger, David Ratté (Will Driving West) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Jean-Michel Blais - Matthias & Maxime

Jean Massicotte, Jad Orphée Chami - Antigone

Howard Shore - The Song of Names

Peter Venne - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEURS COSTUMES

Valérie Lévesque - Mafia Inc

Ginette Magny - Jouliks

Patricia McNeil - La femme de mon frère

Patricia McNeil - Le vingtième siècle

Caroline Poirier - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEUR MAQUILLAGE

Jeanne Lafond - Jouliks

Léonie Lévesque-Robert - Fabuleuses

Marlène Rouleau - Mafia Inc

Adriana Verbert - Le vingtième siècle

Erik Gosselin, Edwina Voda - Matthias & Maxime

MEILLEURE COIFFURE

Michelle Côté - The Song of Names

Stéphanie Deflandre - Mafia Inc

Nermin Grbic - Le vingtième siècle

Daniel Jacob - Fabuleuses

Martin Lapointe - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEUR FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Alexandre le fou - Pedro Pires | Pedro Pires

Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains - Thomas Rinfret | Divertissement Breakout - Vito Balenzano, Bruno Rosato | Vélocité International - Valérie Bissonnette

Soleils noirs - Julien Elie | Cinéma Belmopán - Julien Elie

Xalko - Hind Benchekroun, Sami Mermer | Les films de la tortue - Hind Benchekroun | Sami Mermer

Ziva Postec. La monteuse derrière le film Shoah - Catherine Hébert | Les Films Camera Oscura - Christine Falco

MEILLEURE DIRECTION DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Dominic Dorval, Vincent Masse, Thomas Rinfret, Richard Tremblay - Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains

Sami Mermer - Xalko

François Messier-Rheault, Ernesto Pardo - Soleils noirs

Pedro Pires - Alexandre le fou

Pedro Ruiz - Sur les toits Havane

MEILLEUR MONTAGE | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Benoit Côté, Thomas Rinfret - Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains

Sylvia De Angelis, Sophie Leblond, Pedro Pires - Alexandre le fou

Aube Foglia - Soleils noirs

Annie Jean - Ziva Postec. La monteuse derrière le film Shoah

Natalie Lamoureux - Une femme, ma mère

MEILLEUR SON | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Wolfgang Beck, Mustafa Bölükbasi, Kerem Çakir, Huseyin Can Erol, Sonat Hançer, Eric Lebœuf, Bruno Pucella, Ibrahim Tarhan, Yener Yalçin, Tolga Yelekçi - Échos d'Istanbul

Luc Boudrias, Patrice LeBlanc - Une femme, ma mère

Sylvain Brassard, Benoit Leduc, Gaël Poisson Lemay - Alexandre le fou

Shelley Craig, Marie-Pierre Grenier, Luc Léger, Geoffrey Mitchell - La fin des terres

René Portillo - Sur les toits Havane

MEILLEUR COURT MÉTRAGE | FICTION

Je finirai en prison - Alexandre Dostie | Art & Essai - Hany Ouichou

Jojo - Guillaume Laurin | Couronne Nord - Fanny Forest, Julie Groleau, Guillaume Laurin

Juste moi et toi - Sandrine Brodeur-Desrosiers | Les Films Camera Oscura - Johannie Deschambault

SDR - Alexa-Jeanne Dubé | À Deux - Emili Mercier

Une bombe au cœur - Rémi St-Michel | Christal Films Productions - Christian Larouche | Panache Films - Sébastien Létourneau

MEILLEUR COURT MÉTRAGE | ANIMATION

Le cortège - Pascal Blanchet, Rodolphe Saint-Gelais | Office national du film du Canada - Julie Roy

Le mal du siècle - Catherine Lepage | Office national du film du Canada - Marc Bertrand

Organic - Steven Woloshen | Steven Woloshen

Physique de la tristesse - Theodore Ushev | Office national du film du Canada - Marc Bertrand

Les vêtements - Caroline Blais | Caroline Blais

FILM S'ÉTANT LE PLUS ILLUSTRÉ À L'EXTÉRIEUR DU QUÉBEC

Antigone - Sophie Deraspe | ACPAV - Marc Daigle | Maison 4:3

La femme de mon frère - Monia Chokri | Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant | Les Films Séville

Genèse - Philippe Lesage | Unité centrale - Galilé Marion-Gauvin | FunFilm Distribution

Kuessipan - Myriam Verreault | Max Films Média - Félize Frappier | Filmoption International

Répertoire des villes disparues - Denis Côté | Couzin Films - Ziad Touma | Maison 4:3

PRIX DU PUBLIC

La femme de mon frère - Monia Chokri | Les Films Séville | Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant

Il pleuvait des oiseaux - Louise Archambault | MK2 | Mile End | Les Films Outsiders - Ginette Petit

Mafia Inc - Daniel Grou (Podz) | Les Films Séville | Attraction Images - Antonello Cozzolino | Caramel Films - Valérie D'Auteuil, André Rouleau

Menteur - Émile Gaudreault | Les Films Séville | Les Films du Lac - Émile Gaudreault | Cinémaginaire - Denise Robert

Merci pour tout - Louise Archambault | Les Films Séville | Amalga - André Dupuy

IRIS HOMMAGE

Alanis Obomsawin

#gala québec cinéma #il pleuvait des oiseaux #andrée lachapelle

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300wordessayexample838 · 4 years

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The College Conversation Election Day registrants should provide proof of residence. Voting historical past and election day registrants are input concurrently into the statewide voter registration database after the election. The system supplies notifications if there is an indication that a person voted before an election day registration, or if multiple Election Day registrations have been enter for a similar individual. If found, double voters are referred to the legal professional basic for enforcement. Local Election officers confirm signatures and identification of voters. Immediately following the implementation of SDR, states usually see a boost in voter numbers. Same day registration states also tend to outperform different states by way of turnout percentages. Many states that have applied SDR have historically produced larger voter numbers, making modifications hard to gauge. Multiple research place the effect between an increase of 3 to 7 percent, with a mean of a 5 p.c increase. Data offered by an Election Day registrant is verified with the Division of Vehicle Services and/or the Social Security Administration, the Department of Corrections, and the Department of Public Safety. 1973Election Day, nevertheless there isn't a registration deadline when registering to vote in individual on the town workplace or metropolis hall. The deadline for mail registrations and voter registration drives is the 21st day earlier than the election. In order to register and vote on election day voters should show a present picture ID as well as present proof of residency. Counties do use e-ballot books, however they aren't linked to the statewide voter registration database. Some states will permit a provisional pollto be forged if the possible voter can't present identification on the time of registration, but ID must be supplied before it's counted within the election. States that have handed election day registration but haven't carried out it. States that have allowed identical day registration solely in the course of the early voting period. Finally, research reveal no conclusive proof of whether SDR shapes partisan outcomes or whether sure populations usually tend to benefit. Updates of the existing statewide voter registration system to accommodate same day registration. The purchase of additional gear, which might embody e-poll books or ballot-on-demand printers. Several states require identical day registrants to sign an affidavit or swear an oath that they are eligible to vote and haven't already voted in the election. All states require potential voters to show ID. The registrant’s vote might be counted unless the county board of elections determines that he or she just isn't qualified to vote. Voters must present sufficient identification and proof of residency so as to receive a ballot. Those who present inadequate photograph identification to get their image taken on the polls and signal an affidavit. If a voter did register and vote at more than one location on election day it would be caught when vote credit score is utilized by way of the statewide voter registration database. Voting greater than as soon as is election misconduct in the first diploma. Voters also complete an oath as prescribed by the secretary of state. Individuals could register after the 30th day previous an election together with on Election Day. They might solely register and vote on Election Day. States which have enacted identical day registration, including on election day. In most different states, voters must register by a given deadline previous to Election Day. The deadline varies by state, with most falling between eight and 30 days earlier than the election. North Carolina makes similar day registration possible for a portion of the early voting interval but not on election day. eight/18/2020 intelligencer chats intelligencer chats Will Colin Powell’s DNC Appearance Actually Help Joe Biden? Voters are required to indicate a Colorado state driver’s license or ID card issued by the Department of Revenue, and full and signal a self-affirmation and affidavit. Colorado developed its personal e-poll book system that's networked to speak with the statewide voter registration database in actual time. All jurisdictions have access to the system to verify that a new registrant has not registered or voted in a unique county in the same election. 2012“Conditional voter registration” is 14 days before an election through Election Day. There is strong evidence that very same day and Election Day registration will increase voter turnout, but the extent of the impression is difficult to conclude.

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cathedralraymondcarver239 · 4 years

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angrycollectordaze-me-blog · 5 years

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Essay代写：The impact of Britain's successful brexit on China

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The impact of Britain's successful brexit on China，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国成功脱欧对中国的影响。英国成功脱欧，无疑会弱化英国作为中欧联系的桥梁、纽带作用，将迫使中国转移部分对英国的投资，促使已在英投资企业被动调整经营战略。另外，脱欧也会影响中欧贸易、投资谈判进度，其原本对欧盟决策的影响力将大打折扣，短期内中国与欧盟的谈判进度或受影响。

The impact of brexit on the UK, the eu and the global economy has been widely discussed. Moody's and fitch have made it clear that they will downgrade Britain's sovereign credit rating in the event of brexit. Because this move will have a negative impact on Britain's trade, investment and labor market, threatening economic growth. For China, although brexit did not directly impact China, it will inevitably affect China due to the close links between China and the UK, central Europe and even the UK and the eu in trade, finance and other fields.

"Brexit" will weaken the role of the UK as a bridge and link between China and the eu. Britain is one of the main Bridges for China to enter the European market, and it plays a unique role in both politics and economy. For example, the first European country to join the Asian infrastructure investment bank, the first western developed country to cooperate with China in the development of nuclear power projects, has always actively supported China's free market economy status and served as an important platform for the internationalization of RMB. To some extent, Britain has promoted and deepened China's cooperation and development in the region more actively than other European countries. Therefore, China prefers a united Europe to a divided one, especially a lose-lose situation in which both sides are weakened by the "brexit". Therefore, in the event of "brexit", the influence of the UK in the region and the world will be affected in the short term, and its role as a bridge and link between China and Europe will decline. In this case, China will have to adjust its strategy to adapt to the new environment.

Brexit would force China to shift some of its investment into the UK. In recent years, China's investment in the UK has gradually expanded in depth and breadth, such as the purchase of shares in barclays, bp, weetabix, Anglo American, Thames water, heathrow and Manchester airports. CGN has invested 6 billion pounds in and participated in the construction of hinkley point nuclear power project in the UK. China is expected to invest $150bn in UK infrastructure by 2025, according to international law firm pincus mason. If the UK leaves the eu, China is expected to scale back its long-term investment in the UK because it will no longer have access to eu markets through the UK. At the same time, it is believed that other countries will take similar actions based on the same considerations.

"Brexit" will prompt companies that have invested in the UK to adjust their business strategies passively. Chinese companies' investments in the UK generally fall into the following categories: first, investment banking securities, power, energy and infrastructure construction; Second, the acquisition of British enterprises including brands; Third, it set up its headquarters in the UK to sell products to the European market. Fourth, set up a research and development center in the UK, similar to huawei. Therefore, if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the "single market" channel that could be Shared will disappear, and the trade, movement of people, financial flows and other things that used to use the United Kingdom as a springboard to face the European Union will no longer be as free and smooth as before. Many Chinese companies are expected to change their uk-oriented, european-oriented business strategies and may relocate their headquarters to other eu member states.

"Brexit" will affect the process of RMB internationalization. Over the years, China and the UK have enjoyed close, rich and unique cooperation in the financial field. In particular, the UK has made positive contributions to the internationalization of the RMB. In 2013, the UK became the first western developed country to sign a currency swap agreement with the people's bank of China. In October 2014, the UK became the first foreign government to issue RMB government bonds, and RMB was included in the UK's foreign exchange reserves for the first time. At present, the London stock exchange has launched 35 kinds of RMB bonds, and RMB foreign exchange trading has increased six times in the past four years. In 2014, the overall foreign exchange trading volume increased by 143% year on year, and the average daily trading volume reached 61.5 billion us dollars. RMB deposits in London reached 20 billion yuan at the end of 2014. The UK has played an important role in leading the innovation of RMB products, facilitating the inclusion of RMB into SDR, promoting the RMB to become a reserve currency and promoting the internationalization of RMB. Andrew bailey, deputy governor of the bank of England, has said London would lose its right to remain a global financial centre without the eu. Therefore, if the UK leaves the eu, London's status as one of the world's top financial centers may be challenged, which will have some impact on the internationalization of RMB.

"Brexit" will affect the progress of china-eu trade and investment negotiations. The eu is now China's largest trading partner. In terms of exports, the eu is China's second largest export economy. In 2015, China exported us $356 billion to the eu, including us $59.6 billion to the UK, accounting for 16.7%, only second to Germany. In terms of imports, the eu is China's largest import economy. In 2015, China imported 208.9 billion us dollars from the eu, including 18.9 billion us dollars from the UK, accounting for 9%. In terms of trade balance, China had a surplus of 147.1 billion us dollars with the eu in 2015. At present, China and the eu are negotiating free trade and investment agreements. Within the eu, the UK has been actively supporting and promoting the process of trade liberalization between China and the eu. Therefore, after brexit, the original influence of the UK on eu decision-making will be greatly reduced, and the above negotiation progress between China and the eu may be affected in the short term.

The only impact is likely to impact the currency exchange rate of Asian countries. If the United Kingdom successfully leaves the European Union, it will cause a severe depreciation of the pound, which will lead to the withdrawal of funds in Asia and risk aversion, leading to the devaluation of the currency exchange rate of some Asian countries due to a large number of capital outflows. As a rule of thumb, the Malaysian dollar and the Indonesian dong will be hit hardest.

Second, the impact on China will not be huge. Unlike Greece, which is in poor economic condition and heavily in debt, Britain is more likely to leave the eu in order to get rid of the "burden". Britain's economy has outperformed most of the eu in recent years. The latest GDP figures, for example, show that Britain's GDP grew by 2% a year, compared with 1.7% in the eu. In addition, the UK has to pay billions of pounds of membership dues to the eu every year, and many economic and financial policies are restricted by the eu, so it is not only necessary to pay money but also uncomfortable. Brexit may be more self-interested.

Especially in the financial sector, since many of Britain's financial sector in the European Union which, perhaps can be obtained due to take off the loosening, and strengthen cooperation with the UK and China recently years, in the past few years, the British sovereign bonds, the world's first western renminbi issue and the people's bank President xi jinping during his state visit to the UK in 2015, in London for the first time issued 5 billion yuan bill. Coupled with the accelerated pace of internationalisation of the renminbi, London, the world's largest foreign exchange trading centre, is undoubtedly the best platform.

Under such circumstances, the UK's departure from the eu will, on the contrary, strengthen the further cooperation with China in the financial field, which is also in line with the "One Belt And One Road" policy communication, especially the concept of financing.

More importantly, if Britain leaves the "organization" and "goes it alone", it will make Britain more inclined to cooperate with China in a wider range. After all, a person who has been the "first brother" of the world knows better the mentality of the "second brother" who wants to pursue progress, which makes it easy for China and the UK to hit it off in many fields.

Since the United States has formulated the strategy of returning to the asia-pacific, China is faced with a sharp increase in the pressure on its surrounding environment, and it is urgent to find new partners to ease the economic and political pressure jointly exerted by the United States, Japan and other countries. Like China, the eu suffers from too much American intervention to reduce its autonomy in international trade. Under such circumstances, the eu has become an important strategic partner for China to cope with the pressure from America, and the UK is an important link for China to open the door of the eu.

Since 2015, trade between China and the UK has become more frequent, creating more and more common economic interests. In order to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results, the UK began to gradually transform its role in the eu into an important supporter and partner of China. For example, it vigorously lobbied the eu to recognize China's market economy status to help China achieve tariff reduction.

On top of that, the UK is also pushing hard for a china-eu free trade agreement. If the multi-billion dollar deal is signed, it will generate huge trade orders for China and help fully open up the European market. The successful implementation of the trade agreement may have a huge impact on the us-backed trans-atlantic trade and investment, and become an important measure for China to cope with the gradually tightening us policy towards China.

However, once the UK leaves the eu, China's strategic plan to strengthen cooperation with the eu through the UK will become extremely difficult. Britain's leaving the eu is no less than indirectly breaking the invisible cooperation bond between China and the eu, which makes China have to choose other ways to intensify the cooperation with the eu. Besides, the influence of various policies and trade laid down in the early stage is also likely to be greatly reduced and become a high sunk cost.

With nearly 500 million potential customers in the European market, China has a strong development prospect. However, after decades of development, the European market has become highly integrated, with its own mature market model and close cooperation between local brands, which has shut out many Chinese enterprises.

Faced with this situation, many Chinese enterprises choose the strategy of saving the country by a curve, breaking into the British market, which is relatively easy for Chinese enterprises, and then breaking into the European market based on it. Many Chinese companies have set up branches or even headquarters in the UK, hoping to gain preferential tariff policies from other eu countries through the links between the UK and the eu. In addition, many Chinese enterprises have extended their tentacles into the value manufacturing chain, expecting that the cooperation with the UK can expand the possibility of technology transfer between China, the UK and even the eu, and break down the trade barriers of high and sophisticated technologies established by the us and other countries, including some large enterprises.

If the UK votes to leave the eu, it will block the strategy of Chinese companies looking to break into European markets. Wang jianlin, China's richest man, once commented that Britain would lose a lot of trade and investment from Chinese companies if it left the eu. During a recent visit to the UK, he said Chinese companies might consider moving their European headquarters elsewhere if the UK left the eu. As he predicted, many Chinese companies have suspended negotiations on investment cooperation with the UK, waiting for the referendum result before making any further plans.

Now, the RMB has just joined the international monetary fund's monetary package, an important step in the internationalization of the RMB. China is promoting policies to settle trade in yuan with major trading partners, thereby consolidating and strengthening the yuan's international influence. The UK has been a big supporter of China in this regard - London has become the second-largest offshore renminbi clearing centre after Hong Kong.

London has always been the financial services hub of the European Union, which has greatly facilitated those financial companies headquartered in the UK. These are the equivalent of schengen, which has branches in other eu countries, and do not require re-registration in the target country. As a result, China USES London as an important base for the flow of yuan through European markets.

However, once the UK leaves the eu, this currency dividend will cease to exist, and the cost brought by the RMB strategy promoted by the UK in Europe will also be greatly increased. By contrast, the UK is no longer the best strategic partner to promote the internationalization of RMB.

On the whole, brexit will have some impact on china-uk and china-eu trade. If the UK stays in the eu, China can continue to step up cooperation as planned. However, after the UK leaves the eu, the UK and the eu will sign a "separation" agreement in various fields in the next two years, which will bring great instability to the economic operation. This means that China needs to re-formulate a more prudent strategy to promote the cooperation with the eu.

At that moment, when the final vote was counted and the leave vote was won by less than 4 percent, many britons did not even know what the result of the referendum meant to them and what it meant to Britain. More than three million people then petitioned for a "second referendum" to give them a chance to take brexit seriously again.

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monblogapple-blog · 6 years

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Nous le savons tous, la télévision a beaucoup changé dans les dernières années. Notre façon de consommer ce média ne cesse d’évoluer vers de nouvelles plateformes. C’est exactement ce qu’Apple nous propose avec l’Apple TV 4K.

Possédant depuis près de deux ans un Apple TV de 3e génération, je savais un peu à quoi m’attendre en faisant l’essai de l’Apple TV 4K. Est-ce que j’ai été surpris ? Pour connaître mon opinion, je vous invite à lire ce qui suit.

Le produit en général:

Comme tous les produits Apple, l’esthétisme de l’Apple TV 4K est de première classe. Tout est épuré et esthétiquement parfait. L’appareil lui-même est tout noir avec le logo Apple sur le dessus. La télécommande est tout aussi élégante. Elle ressemble à un iPad en miniature. Tout au haut de cette télécommande, il y a la surface tactile et au centre quelques boutons de navigation. Sur le côté inférieur, il y a un connecteur Lightning pour recharger la télécommande. Pour sélectionner un item, il suffit d’appuyer plus fortement sur la surface tactile.

Le branchement de l’Apple TV 4K est ce qui se fait de plus simple. Une fois branché au téléviseur, l’Apple TV 4K s’active automatiquement et il ne reste qu’à sélectionner sa langue, sa région et d’y entrer son identifiant Apple. À partir de ce moment, vous pouvez télécharger tous les jeux, applications, films et séries que vous souhaitez. Tout est prêt en 5 minutes !

Affichage:

Par défaut, les paramètres d’affichage de l’Apple TV 4K sont automatiquement ajustés pour obtenir une qualité d’affichage optimale selon le téléviseur que vous possédez. Dans mon cas, j’ai branché l’Apple TV 4K dans un téléviseur Sony Bravia KDL-46XBR9 qui est limité à une résolution de 1080p. Même en mode 1080p, l’affichage est beaucoup plus clair et les couleurs plus précises qu’avec mon ancien Apple TV de 3e génération. Ceci est possible grâce à la technologie HDR (High Dynamic Range) qui augmente la qualité des pixels avec des contrastes et une profondeur des couleurs beaucoup plus élevés. Donc, il n’est pas nécessaire d’avoir un téléviseur 4K pour bénéficier de l’affichage amélioré de l’Apple TV 4K.

En plus du mode HDR, vous aurez deviné que l’Apple TV 4K peut également afficher en mode 4K. Avec 4 fois plus de pixels, l’affichage est beaucoup plus précis que l’affichage HD. Ce surplus de pixels permet des images beaucoup plus nettes et détaillées. Même le contenu qui n’est pas 4K est optimisé et mis à l’échelle pour offrir une qualité d’images optimale. Tout ce travail est fait par le processeur A10X qui est le même que celui utilisé dans l’iPhone 7 et dans les derniers iPad Pro.

Si vous possédez déjà une bibliothèque de films, tout le contenu que vous avez déjà acheté sera automatiquement et gratuitement mis à jour à 4K HDR lorsqu’il sera disponible.

Jeux et applications:

À partir de la 4e génération d’Apple TV, il est possible d’installer des jeux ainsi que des applications à partir de l’App Store tvOS. Pour résumer, l’Apple TV a transformé mon téléviseur en un énorme iPad de 46 pouces de diamètre. C’est énorme ! Bien entendu, tous les jeux et applications doivent être spécialement conçus pour l’Apple TV (tvOS). Le nombre d’applications et de jeux est moindre que pour iOS, mais ce nombre ne cesse d’augmenter. Tous les jours, de nouveaux titres s’ajoutent. Dans le cas de tvOS, la qualité surpasse de loin la quantité.

Tous les jeux que j’ai installés sont d’une qualité exceptionnelle et leur utilisation est très facile. Un gros merci à la précision de la télécommande ainsi qu’à la surface tactile qui rendent son utilisation extrêmement facile et “naturelle”.

Siri:

À ma grande surprise, Siri fonctionne très bien. Il comprend bien mon français canadien ! Je n’ai pas fait de statistiques précises, mais je dirais que 90% de mes demandes vocales ont été comprises et exécutées. Un point très important à souligner est que Siri n’est pas toujours en mode d’écoute. Il faut appuyer sur un bouton de la télécommande pour l’activer. Pour les personnes craintives face à la confidentialité, vous pouvez être rassurées.

Ce que j’ai aimé:

Pas besoin d’un téléviseur 4K pour bénéficier d’une qualité d’images améliorée.

Images et sonorité améliorées.

Intégration facile dans l’écosystème Apple.

Belles performances de Siri.

Choix de jeux de qualité.

Ce que j’ai moins aimé:

Prix plus élevé que la compétition.

Disponibilité de certains films traduits en français.

Parfois difficile de savoir l’orientation de la télécommande sans la regarder.

Conclusion:

Mon expérience avec l’Apple TV 4K a été de loin supérieure à quoi je m’attendais. Comme je le disais précédemment, il n’est pas nécessaire de posséder un téléviseur 4K pour bénéficier d’une image de qualité supérieure. Tout comme le nombre de services et de chaînes qui ne cessent d’augmenter en quantité et en qualité, le nombre d’applications et de jeux est aussi en constante évolution. Même si nous possédions déjà un Apple TV (3e génération), l’Apple TV 4K a suscité un engouement et toute la famille s’est réunie au salon pour voir et essayer l’appareil. Tous étaient ravis et tous voulaient prendre la télécommande. La nouvelle Apple TV 4K est devenue tellement populaire que j’ai dû attendre d’être seul pour être capable de faire son évaluation.

Spécifications:

Apple TV 4K:

Hauteur : 35 mm (1,4 po)

Largeur : 98 mm (3,9 po)

Longueur : 98 mm (3,9 po)

Poids : 425 g (15 oz)

Capacité: 32 Go / 64 Go

Siri Remote:

Technologie sans fil Bluetooth 4.0

Transmetteur infrarouge

Accéléromètre et gyroscope à 3 axes

Connecteur Lightning pour la recharge

Batterie rechargeable procurant plusieurs mois d’autonomie par charge (avec une utilisation quotidienne normale)

Recharge par câble USB branché à un ordinateur ou à un adaptateur d’alimentation (vendu séparément)

Ports et interfaces:

Alimentation intégrée

HDMI

Ethernet Gigabit

HDMI 2.0a3

Wi-Fi 802.11/ ac avec MIMO; bibande simultané (2,4 GHz et 5 GHz)

Ethernet Gigabit

Technologie sans fil Bluetooth 5.0

Récepteur infrarouge

Alimentation intégrée

Processeur:

Puce A10X Fusion à architecture 64 bits

Formats vidéo supportés:

SDR H.264/HEVC jusqu’à 2160p, 60 ips, Main/Main 10 Profile

HEVC Dolby Vision (Profile 5)/HDR10 (Main 10 Profile) jusqu’à 2160p

H.264 (Baseline Profile de niveau 3.0 ou inférieur) avec audio AAC-LC (jusqu’à 160 Kb/s par canal, 48 kHz, audio stéréo) aux formats .m4v, .mp4 et .mov

MPEG-4 (jusqu’à 2,5 Mb/s, 640 x 480 pixels, 30 ips, Simple Profile) avec audio AAC-LC (jusqu’à 160 Kb/s, 48 kHz, audio stéréo) aux formats .m4v, .mp4 et .mov

Formats audio supportés:

HE-AAC (V1), AAC (jusqu’à 320 Kb/s), AAC protégé (fichiers de l’iTunes Store), MP3 (jusqu’à 320 Kb/s), MP3 à débit variable (VBR), Apple Lossless, FLAC, AIFF et WAV; AC-3 (Dolby Digital 5.1) et E-AC-3 (son ambiophonique Dolby Digital Plus 7.1)

Formats photo supportés:

HEIF

JPEG

GIF

TIFF

Compatibilité:

Apple TV est compatible avec les téléviseurs HD et UHD avec HDMI3

Apple TV est compatible avec les claviers Bluetooth4

Accessibilité:

Les fonctionnalités d’accessibilité aident les personnes handicapées à tirer le maximum de leur Apple TV. Grâce aux technologies intégrées d’assistance visuelle, auditive, physique et motrice, ainsi qu’aux fonctionnalités favorisant l’apprentissage et la littératie, chacun peut facilement se divertir à souhait.

Les fonctionnalités incluent :

VoiceOver

Zoom

Augmentation du contraste

Réduction des animations

Sous-titres codés et SM

Descriptions audio

Siri et Dictée

Contrôle de sélection

Contenu de l’emballage:

Apple TV 4K

Télécommande Siri Remote

Cordon d’alimentation

Câble Lightning vers USB

Documentation

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Essai complet de l’Apple TV 4K Nous le savons tous, la télévision a beaucoup changé dans les dernières années. Notre façon de consommer ce média ne cesse d’évoluer vers de nouvelles plateformes.

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deloresgonzales-blog · 7 years

Text

ECO 410 Week 3 Quiz – Strayer

Click on the Link Below to Purchase A+ Graded Course Material

http://budapp.net/ECO-410-Week-3-Quiz-Strayer-370.htm

Quiz 2 Chapter 3 and 4

Chapter 3

The International Monetary System

Multiple Choice

1) Under the gold standard of currency exchange that existed from 1879 to 1914, an ounce of gold cost $20.67 in U.S. dollars and £4.2474 in British pounds. Therefore, the exchange rate of pounds per dollar under this fixed exchange regime was:

A) £4.8665/$.

B) £0.2055/$.

C) always changing because the price of gold was always changing.

D) unknown because there is not enough information to answer this question.

2) World War I caused the suspension of the gold standard for fixed international exchange rates because the war:

A) cost too much money.

B) interrupted the free movement of gold.

C) lasted too long.

D) used gold as the main ingredient in armament plating.

3) The post WWII international monetary agreement that was developed in 1944 is known as the:

A) United Nations.

B) League of Nations.

C) Yalta Agreement.

D) Bretton Woods Agreement.

4) Another name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is:

A) the Recon Bank.

B) the European Monetary System.

C) the Marshall Plan.

D) the World Bank.

5) The International Monetary Fund (IMF):

A) in recent years has provided large loans to Russia, South Korea, and Brazil.

B) was created as a result of the Bretton Woods Agreement.

C) aids countries with balance of payment and exchange rate problems.

D) is all of the above.

6) Which of the following led to the eventual demise of the fixed currency exchange rate regime worked out at Bretton Woods?

A) widely divergent national monetary and fiscal policies among member nations

B) differential rates of inflation across member nations

C) several unexpected economic shocks to member nations

D) all of the above

7) Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) The Gold Standard Era was characterized by growing openness in trade, but limited capital mobility.

B) The time period between world wars 1 and 2 (the inter war Years) witnessed significant reductions in trade barriers and a rapid acceleration in international trade.

C) The Bretton Woods Era (post WWII) realized the increasing benefits of open economies. Furthermore, trade was increasingly dominated by capital.

D) In fact, all of the above statements are true.

True/False

1) Under the terms of Bretton Woods, countries tried to maintain the value of their currencies to within 1% of a hybrid security made up of the U.S. dollar, British pound, and Japanese yen.

2) Members of the International Monetary Fund may settle transactions among themselves by transferring Special Drawing Rights (SDRs).

3) Today, the United States has been ejected from the International Monetary Fund for refusal to pay annual dues.

4) From the time of its creation through July 2012, the euro peaked versus the USD in April 2008 at around $1.60/€

Essay

1) Most Western nations were on the gold standard for currency exchange rates from 1876 until 1914. Today we have several different exchange rate regimes in use, but most larger economy nations have freely floating exchange rates today and are not obligated to convert their currency into a predetermined amount of gold on demand. Currently several parties still call for the "good old days" and a return to the gold standard. Develop an argument as to why this is a good idea.

Multiple Choice

1) Since 2009 the IMF's exchange rate regime classification system uses a "de facto classification" methodology. Under this system, a country that has given up their own sovereignty over monetary

policy is considered to have:

A) a residual agreement.

B) hard pegs.

C) soft pegs.

D) floating arrangements.

2) Since 2009 the IMF's exchange rate regime classification system uses a "de facto classification" methodology. Under this system, countries with "fixed exchange rates" are considered to have:

A) a residual agreement.

B) soft pegs.

C) hard pegs.

D) floating arrangements.

3) A small economy country whose GDP is heavily dependent on trade with the United States could use a(n) ________ exchange rate regime to minimize the risk to their economy that could arise due to unfavorable changes in the exchange rate.

A) pegged exchange rate with the United States

B) pegged exchange rate with the Euro

C) independent floating

D) managed float

4) Since 2009 the IMF's exchange rate regime classification system uses a "de facto classification" methodology. Under this system, currencies that are predominantly market-driven are considered to be:

A) soft pegs.

B) hard pegs.

C) floating arrangements.

D) a residual agreement.

True/False

1) The euro is an example of a rigidly fixed system, acting as a single currency for its member countries. However, the euro itself is an independently floating currency against all other currencies.

2) Although the contemporary international monetary system is typically referred to as a "floating regime," it is clearly not the case for the majority of the world's nations.

Essay

1) The mobility of international capital flows is causing emerging market nations to choose between a free-floating currency exchange regime and a currency board (or taken to the limit, dollarization). Describe how each of the regimes would work and identify at least two likely economic results for each regime.

Multiple Choice

1) Based on the premise that, other things equal, countries would prefer a fixed exchange rate, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Fixed rates provide stability in international prices for the conduct of trade.

B) Fixed exchange rate regimes necessitate that central banks maintain large quantities of international reserves for use in the occasional defense of the fixed rate.

C) Fixed rates are inherently inflationary in that they require the country to follow loose monetary and fiscal policies.

D) Stable prices aid in the growth of international trade and lessen exchange rate risks for businesses.

2) Which of the following is NOT an attribute of the "ideal" currency?

A) monetary independence

B) full financial integration

C) exchange rate stability

D) All are attributes of an ideal currency.

3) The authors discuss the concept of the "Impossible Trinity" or the inability to achieve simultaneously the goals of exchange rate stability, full financial integration, and monetary independence. If a country chooses to have a pure float exchange rate regime, which two of the three goals is a country most able to achieve?

A) monetary independence and exchange rate stability

B) exchange rate stability and full financial integration

C) full financial integration and monetary independence

D) A country cannot attain any of the exchange rate goals with a pure float exchange rate regime.

True/False

1) Based on the premise that, other things equal, countries would prefer a fixed exchange rate: Variable rates provide stability in international prices for the conduct of trade.

2) If exchange rates were fixed, investors and traders would be relatively certain about the current and near future exchange value of each currency.

Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT a required convergence criteria to become a full member of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)?

A) National birthrates must be at 2.0 or lower per person.

B) The fiscal deficit should be no more than 3% of GDP.

C) Nominal inflation should be no more than 1.5% above the average inflation rate for the three members with the lowest inflation rates in the previous year.

D) Government debt should be no more than 60% of GDP.

2) According to the authors, what is the single most important mandate of the European Central Bank?

A) Promote international trade for countries within the European Union.

B) Price, in euros, all products for sale in the European Union.

C) Promote price stability within the European Union.

D) Establish an EMU trade surplus with the United States.

3) Which of the following is a way in which the euro affects markets?

A) Countries within the Euro zone enjoy cheaper transaction costs.

B) Currency risks and costs related to exchange rate uncertainty are reduced.

C) Consumers and business enjoy price transparency and increased price-based competition.

D) all of the above

4) For the three years from early 2002 to early 2005, the euro maintained a strong and steady rise in value against the U.S. dollar (USD). After a brief respite in 2005, the euro continued its climb against the USD into 2008. Which of the following were NOT a contributing factor in the assent of the euro and the decline in the dollar?

A) severe U.S. balance of payments deficits

B) a general weakening of the dollar after the attacks of September 11, 2001

C) large U.S. balance of payment surpluses

D) All of the above were contributing factors.

5) The countries that use the euro as their currency have:

A) agreed to use a single currency (exchange rate stability), allow the free movement of capital in and out of their economies (financial integration), but give up individual control of their own money supply (monetary independence).

B) gained control over their own money supply (monetary independence), allowed the free movement of capital in and out of their economies (financial integration), but give up exchange rate stability.

C) agreed to use a single currency (exchange rate stability), allow individual control of their own money supply (monetary independence), but give up the free movement of capital in and out of their economies (financial integration).

D) none of the above

True/False

1) The Euro currency is fixed against other currencies on the international currency exchange markets, but allows member country currencies to float against each other.

2) The European Central Bank is a strong and independent central bank that has completely replaced the individual central banks of the countries that use the euro as their currency.

3) The members of the EU do have relative freedom to set their own fiscal policies— government spending, taxation, and the creation of government surpluses or deficits. They are expected to keep deficit spending within limits.

Multiple Choice

1) Beginning in 1991 Argentina conducted its monetary policy through a currency board. In January 2002, Argentina abandoned the currency board and allowed its currency to float against other currencies. The country took this step because:

A) the Argentine Peso had grown too strong against major trading powers thus the currency board policies were hurting the domestic economy.

B) the United States required the action as a prerequisite to finalizing a free trade zone with all of North, South, and Central America.

C) the Argentine government lost the ability to maintain the pegged relationship as in fact investors and traders perceived a lack of equality between the Argentine Peso and the U.S. dollar.

D) all of the above

2) In January 2002, the Argentine Peso changed in value from Peso1.00/$ to Peso1.40/$, thus, the Argentine Peso ________ against the U.S. dollar.

A) strengthened

B) weakened

C) remained neutral

D) all of the above

3) In January 2000 Ecuador officially replaced its national currency, the Ecuadorian sucre, with the U.S. dollar. This practice is known as:

A) bi-currencyism.

B) sucrerization.

C) a Yankee bailout.

D) dollarization.

4) You have been hired as a consultant to the central bank for a country that has for many years suffered from repeated currency crises and depends heavily on the U.S. financial and product markets. Which of the following policies would have the greatest effectiveness for reducing currency volatility of the client country with the United States?

A) dollarization

B) an exchange rate pegged to the U.S. dollar

C) an exchange rate with a fixed price per ounce of gold

D) an internationally floating exchange rate

5) Which of the following is NOT an argument against dollarization?

A) Dollarization causes a loss of sovereignty over domestic monetary policy.

B) Dollarization removes currency volatility against the dollar.

C) Dollarization causes the country to lose the power of seignorage.

D) The central bank of the dollarized country loses the role of lender of last resort.

6) The ability of a country to profit from its ability to print money is known as:

A) profiteering.

B) dollarization.

C) seignorage.

D) inflation.

7) Which of the following factors make it difficult for emerging market economies to choose a specific currency regime?

A) weak fiscal, financial, and monetary institutions

B) the tendency for commerce to allow currency substitution and the denomination of liabilities in dollars

C) the emerging market's vulnerability to sudden stoppages of outside capital flows

D) all of the above

True/False

1) A currency board exists when a country's central bank commits to back its money supply entirely with foreign reserves at all times.

2) Dollarization is a common solution for countries suffering from currency revaluation.

3) By and large, high capital mobility is forcing emerging market nations to choose between the two extremes of a free floating regime or an exchange rate regime of dollarization of a currency board.

Multiple Choice

1) Of the following, which is NOT a trade-off that must be dealt with in any exchange rate regime?

A) cooperation vs independence

B) rules vs discretionary action

C) dollars vs pounds

D) All of the above are rate regime trade-offs.

True/False

1) All exchange rate regimes must deal with the trade-off between rules and discretion as well as between cooperation and independence.

2) Regime structures like the gold standard required no cooperative policies among countries, only the assurance that all would abide by the "rules of the game."

3) Bretton Woods required less in the way of cooperation among countries than did the gold standard.

Chapter 4 The Balance of Payments

Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT a major subaccount of the Balance of Payments?

A) the financial account

B) the accounts payable

C) the capital account

D) the current account

2) Which of the following international transactions would NOT be counted as a balance of payments (BOP) transaction?

A) An American tourist purchases cheese in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

B) The U.S. subsidiary of a British firm pays profits (dividends) back to its parent firm in London.

C) A Canadian lumber baron purchases a U.S. corporate bond through an investment broker in

Seattle.

D) All of the above are considered BOP transactions.

3) The balance of payments as applied to a course in international finance may be defined as:

A) the amount still owed by an exporting firm after making an initial down payment.

B) the amount still owed by governments to the International Monetary Fund.

C) the measurement of all international economic transactions between the residents of a country and foreign residents.

D) the amount of a country's merchandise trade deficit or surplus.

4) Balance of payment (BOP) data may be important for any of the following reasons:

A) BOP data helps to forecast a country's market potential, especially in the short run.

B) The BOP is an important indicator of a country's foreign exchange rate.

C) Changes in a country's BOP may signal a change in controls over payment of dividends and interest.

D) all of the choices provided above

5) A country experiencing a serious BOP ________ is more likely to ________ exports than otherwise.

A) surplus; contract

B) surplus; expand

C) deficit; expand

D) none of the above

6) Which of the following would NOT be considered a typical BOP transaction?

A) Toyota U.S.A. is a U.S. distributor of automobiles manufactured in Japan by its parent company.

B) The U.S. subsidiary of European financial giant, Credit Suisse, pays dividends to its parent in Zurich.

C) A U.S. tourist purchases gifts at a museum in London.

D) All are example of BOP transactions.

True/False

1) When the world went to a system of floating exchange rates, the Balance of Payments became a relic of a system of fixed exchange rates and is no longer watched by serious economic groups.

2) Changes in the BOP may predict the imposition or removal of foreign exchange controls.

3) A country experiencing a serious trade deficit is not as likely to expand imports as it would

be if running a surplus.

Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT a part of the Current Account of BOP?

A) net export/import of goods

B) balance of trade

C) net portfolio investment

D) net export/import of services

2) Which of the following is NOT part of the Financial Account of the BOP?

A) net foreign direct investment

B) net import/export of services

C) net portfolio investment

D) other Financial items

3) Which of the following is NOT an item to be considered in BOP calculations?

A) A foreign resident purchases a U.S. Treasury Bill.

B) A U.S.-based firm manages the development of an oil field in Kazakhstan.

C) A consumer buys a VCR made in Korea from a Florida Wal-Mart store.

D) A U.S. citizen living in Minnesota travels to Winnipeg, Canada, and buys a case of LaBatt's Canadian beer.

4) The balance of payments:

A) determines the eligibility of countries for IMF aid.

B) adds up the value of all assets and liabilities of a country on a specific date.

C) records all international transactions for a country over a period of time.

D) all of the above

5) An American tourist purchases a leather jacket while in Italy. Which of the following statements is true?

A) The leather purchase would be considered an import for the U.S. BOP.

B) This transaction would be properly accounted for in the Current Account of the U.S. BOP.

C) The leather purchase is considered an import of a good, and thus, considered part of the balance of trade as well.

D) All of these statements are true.

True/False

1) The authors identify a tip for understanding BOP accounting. They recommend that you "follow the cash flow."

2) The BOP must be in balance, but the current account need not be.

3) Expenditures by U.S. tourists in foreign countries for foreign goods or services are factored into BOP calculations.

4) Like a balance sheet, the Balance of Payments adds up the value of all assets and liabilities

of a country on a specific date.

Essay

1) What is a country's balance of (merchandise) trade, and why is it so widely reported in the financial and popular press?

2) What is the Official Reserves Account (ORA), and why is it more important for countries under a fixed exchange rate regime than for ones under a floating exchange rate regime?

Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT part of the balance of payments account?

A) the current account

B) the financial/capital account

C) the official reserves account

D) All of the above are BOP accounts.

2) The ________ includes all international economic transactions with income or payment flows occurring within the year.

A) capital account

B) current account

C) financial account

D) IMF account

3) If your company were to import and export textiles, the transactions would be recorded in the current account subcategory of:

A) services trade.

B) income trade.

C) goods trade.

D) current transfers.

4) The travel services provided to international travelers by United Airlines would be recorded in the current account subcategory of:

A) services trade.

B) income trade.

C) goods trade.

D) current transfers.

5) Anaconda Copper Inc. created a subsidiary in Chile last year to mine copper ore. The proportion of net income paid back to the parent company as a dividend would be recorded in the current account subcategory of:

A) services trade.

B) income trade.

C) goods trade.

D) current transfers.

6) The subcategory that typically dominates the current account is:

A) goods (merchandise) trade.

B) services trade.

C) income trade.

D) transfer accounts.

7) In 2010 the United States posted a current account deficit of -$471 billion. The bulk of the negative value came from:

A) a net transfer deficit.

B) an income balance deficit.

C) a goods trade deficit.

D) an income trade deficit.

8) Over the last two decades the surplus on U.S. services trade has typically been ________ the deficit on U.S. goods trade.

A) greater than

B) equal to

C) less than

D) The relationship is constantly shifting from greater than to less than.

True/False

1) Because current and financial/capital account balances use double-entry bookkeeping it is unusual to find serious discrepancies in the debits and credits.

2) In general, as a country's income increases, so does the demand for imports.

3) For at least the last decade, the United States has consistently run a surplus in services trade income.

4) Expenditures by U.S. students abroad and foreign students pursuing studies in the United States would be considered a services trade and part of the U.S. current account.

Multiple Choice

1) The ________ of the balance of payments measures all international economic transactions of financial assets.

A) current account

B) merchandise trade account

C) services account

D) capital and financial accounts

2) The financial account consists COMPLETELY of which four components?

A) stock investment, bond investment, derivative investment, and mutual fund investment

B) direct investment, stock investment, net financial derivatives, and bond investment

C) direct investment, portfolio investment, net financial derivatives, and other asset investment

D) mutual fund investment, portfolio investment, derivative investment, and stock investment

3) When categorizing investments for the financial account component of the balance of payments the ________ is an investment where the investor has no control whereas the ________ is an investment where the investor has control over the asset.

A) direct investment; portfolio investment

B) direct investment; indirect investment

C) portfolio investment; indirect investment

D) portfolio investment; direct investment

4) In general there is consensus that ________ should be free, but there is no such consensus that ________ should be free.

A) international investment; international goods trade

B) international investment; international trade

C) international trade; international goods trade

D) international trade; international investment

5) The two major concerns about foreign direct investment are:

A) national defense and taxes.

B) who controls the assets and who receives the profits.

C) who receives the profits and taxes.

D) who pays the taxes and who receives the taxes.

6) Portfolio investment is capital invested in activities that are ________ rather than made for ________.

A) short term; the long term

B) long term; profit

C) profit motivated; control

D) control motivated; profit

7) Under an international regime of fixed exchange rates, countries with a BOP ________ should consider ________ their currency while countries with a BOP ________ should consider ________ their currency.

A) deficit, revaluing; surplus, revaluing

B) deficit, devaluing; surplus, devaluing

C) surplus, devaluing; deficit, revaluing

D) surplus, revaluing; deficit, devaluing

8) Consider the following: A foreign automobile company builds a manufacturing plant in Tennessee and European investors buy U.S. Treasury Bonds.

A) Both activities would be considered direct investment.

B) Both activities would be considered portfolio investment.

C) The auto manufacturer in engaging in portfolio investment, and the European investors are engaged in direct investing.

D) The auto manufacturer in engaging in direct investment, and the European investors are engaged in portfolio investing.

True/False

1) International debt security purchases and sales are defined as portfolio investments for financial account purposes because by definition debt securities do not provide the buyer with ownership or control.

2) Significant amounts of United States Treasury issues are purchased by foreign investors, therefore the U.S. must earn foreign currency to repay this debt.

3) In the United States and most developed countries, the current account and the combined financial/capital accounts tend to be inversely related in that when one is positive, the other tends to be negative.

Multiple Choice

1) China is currently experiencing a surplus in its current account and its capital/financial accounts. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor for this unusual situation?

A) The exceptional growth in the Chinese economy contributes to the current account surplus.

B) The positive prospects for China's continued growth contribute to the capital/financial account surplus.

C) China's inevitable acquisition of Taiwan is driving the market for Chinese investment.

D) All of the above are contributing factors for China's twins surpluses.

2) If China wished to reduce their accumulation of foreign exchange reserves they could:

A) allow their currency, the yuan, to float freely in the market place.

B) reduce their current account surplus by importing more goods than they export.

C) undertake both of the activities identified in choices A and B.

D) dig a big hole and bury the reserves.

True/False

1) The biggest problem that China faces in maintaining a stable value for their currency, the yuan, is their lack of foreign exchange reserves.

2) As of year-end 2010, the United States still held the world's largest foreign exchange reserve, but the total was rapidly being approached by China.

3) China's current political plan includes reducing their foreign exchange reserve balance by allowing the yuan to float freely and by switching their goods balance from one of a net surplus to a net deficit.

4.6 The Balance of Payments in Total

Multiple Choice

1) The largest single component of the United States current account is:

A) current transfers.

B) income payments and receipts.

C) goods (merchandise) imports and exports.

D) services imports and exports.

2) Which of the following statements about the balance of payments is NOT true?

A) The BOP is the summary statement of all international transactions between one country and all other countries.

B) The BOP is a flow statement, summarizing all international transactions that occur across the geographic borders over a period of time, typically a year.

C) Although the BOP must always balance in theory, in practice there are substantial imbalances as a result of statistical errors and misreporting of current account and financial account flows.

D) All of the above are true.

True/False

1) An excess of merchandise exports over merchandise imports results in a balance of trade deficit.

2) The BOP should always balance.

3) The transition to floating exchange rate regimes in the 1970s (described in Chapter 3) changed the focus from the total BOP to its various subaccount like the current and financial account balances.

4.7 The Balance of Payments Interaction with Key Macroeconomic Variables

Multiple Choice

1) Use the following terms for this question:

C = consumption

I = capital investment spending

G = government spending

X = exports of goods and services

M = imports of goods and services

BOP = balance of payments

GDP = gross domestic product

NPV = net present value

INF = inflation

R = real rate of return

The static equation for the nations GDP is:

A) GDP = C + I + G + (X + M ) × INF

B) GDP = C + I + G + X + M

C) GDP = C + I + G + X - M

D) GDP = C + I + X - M + R

2) Imports have the potential to lower a country's inflation rate because of each of the following EXCEPT:

A) the import of lower priced goods limits what domestic competitors can charge for goods.

B) the import of lower priced services limits what domestic competitors can charge for services.

C) the higher prices of foreign goods spurs domestic competitors to cut prices.

D) all of the above

3) Under a fixed exchange rate system, the government bears the responsibility to ensure that the BOP is near zero. If the sum of the current and capital accounts do not approximate zero, the government is expected to intervene in the foreign exchange market by buying or selling official foreign exchange reserves. If the sum of the first two accounts is GREATER THAN ZERO, a ________ demand for the domestic currency exists in the world. To preserve the fixed exchange rate, the government must then intervene in the foreign exchange market and ________ domestic currency for foreign currencies or gold so as to bring the BOP back near zero.

A) surplus; sell

B) surplus; buy

C) deficit; sell

D) deficit; buy

4) Under a fixed exchange rate system, the government bears the responsibility to ensure that the BOP is near zero. If the sum of the current and capital accounts do not approximate zero, the government is expected to intervene in the foreign exchange market by buying or selling official foreign exchange reserves. If the sum of the first two accounts is LESS THAN ZERO, a ________ demand for the domestic currency exists in the world. To preserve the fixed exchange rate, the government must then intervene in the foreign exchange market and ________ domestic currency for foreign currencies or gold so as to bring the BOP back near zero.

A) surplus; sell

B) surplus; buy

C) deficit; sell

D) deficit; buy

True/False

1) An increase in GDP should lead to a decrease in imports.

2) The effect of an imbalance in the BOP is the same for countries on a fixed exchange rate regime as for those on a floating exchange rate regime.

3) Under a floating exchange rate system, the government bears the responsibility to ensure that the BOP is near zero.

4) A country with a managed float that wishes to WEAKEN its currency may choose to raise domestic interest rates to attract additional capital from abroad.

5) A country's overall level of interest rates should have an impact on the financial account of the BOP. Relatively low real interest rates should normally stimulate an outflow of capital seeking higher interest rates in other country currencies.

6) Imports have the potential to lower a country's inflation rate. In particular, imports of HIGHER-priced goods and services place a limit on what domestic competitors charge for comparable goods and services.

4.8 Trade Balances and Exchange Rates

Multiple Choice

1) Of the following, which is NOT a part of J-Curve adjustment path?

A) the currency contract period

B) the exchange rate pass-through period

C) the quantity adjustment period

D) Each of the above is part of the J-Curve adjustment path.

2) Which of the following is NOT likely to occur in the quantity adjustment phase of the J-Curve adjustment path?

A) Imports become relatively more expensive.

B) Exports become relatively less expensive.

C) The balance of trade gets worse.

D) All of the above are true.

True/False

1) When a currency is devalued the immediate impact may be an increase in a country's trade deficit. However, this situation tends to correct itself in 2 to 5 weeks.

Comment: This situation tends to correct itself in 3 to 12 MONTHS or more.

4.9 Capital Mobility

Multiple Choice

1) The authors identify four distinct periods of capital mobility since 1860. Which do they term as a "period of global economic destruction"?

A) 1860 - 1914

B) 1914 - 1945

C) 1945 - 1971

D) 1971 - 2007

2) ________ is the cross-border purchase of assets that are then managed in a way that hides the movement of money and its ownership.

A) Capital flight

B) Capital mobility

C) Irrational exuberance

D) Money laundering

3) This was an era dominated by industrialized nation economies that were dependent on gold convertibility to maintain confidence in the system.

A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914

B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945

C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971

D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997

4) This dollar-based fixed exchange rate system gave rise to a long period of economic recovery and growing openness of both international trade and capital flows in and out of more and more countries.

A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914

B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945

C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971

D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997

5) An era of retrenchment, in which major economic powers returned to policies of isolationism and protectionism, restricting trade and nearly eliminating capital mobility.

A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914

B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945

C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971

D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997

6) A ________ is any restriction that limits or alters the rate or direction of capital movement into or out of a country.

A) capital budget

B) capital control

C) balance of trade deficit

D) balance of trade surplus

True/False

1) The Bretton Woods era realized a great expansion of international trade in goods and services.

Essay/Short Answer

1) Dutch Disease is a term applied to a problem in the 1970 whereby the Netherlands were experiencing massive and sudden inflows of capital from abroad. What was the cause of this sudden influx of capital, and what types of potential problems did it have for the Dutch or could it have for any small single resource country?

#ECO 410 Week 3 Quiz – Strayer

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thepictureofsdr · 2 years

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my info!!! :)

my tags vvv

sdr hc are just headcanons and essays or posts im proud of or want to remember, and sdr art is the bullshit art i’ve produced over the course of this account 💪

pre warning: if you see any incredibly cynical posts being terrified of/assuming the worst of characters just know they were written in the fear filled pre chot thomastair drought.

chot has changed me as a person. i can finally have the full faith in all characters i so desperately hoped to have. tlh cast are all my children. thank you and good night.

#sdr hc #sdr art #sdr essay

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jameskenny-things-blog · 7 years