"The feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist being appointed as the day upon which the coronation of the king [Edward V] would take place without fail, all both hoped for and expected a season of prosperity for the kingdom."
-Excerpt from the Croyland Continuator / David Horspool, "Richard III: A Ruler and Reputation"
Even though Edward IV’s death was unexpected, after twelve years of peace there need not have been too much of a sense of foreboding about the succession. The great dynastic wound from which the Wars of the Roses had grown had not so much been healed as cauterized by the extinction of the House of Lancaster. There was no rush for London, as had happened in earlier, disputed successions. The royal party didn’t set out from Ludlow for ten days after hearing the news of Edward IV’s death, while Richard took his time, too. And the new king had [his mother the dowager queen and] two uncles to support him: his mother’s brother, the sophisticated, cultured, highly experienced Earl Rivers; and his father’s, the loyal and reliable Duke of Gloucester, to whom Edward IV had entrusted unprecedented power and vital military command.
... [Richard of Gloucester] had achieved his goal by a mixture of luck and ruthlessness, and if he made it appear, or even believed himself, that destiny played a part, this only made him a man in step with his times. Modern historians have no time for destiny, but sometimes the more ‘structuralist’ interpretations of the events surrounding the usurpation can come close to it. When we read that ‘the chances of preserving an unchallenged succession were . . . weakened by the estrangement of many of the rank-and-file nobility from . . . high politics, which was partly a consequence of the Wars of the Roses and partly of Edward IV’s own policies’, it is hard not to conclude that an unforeseeable turn of events is being recast as a predictable one. But without one overriding factor – the actions of Richard, Duke of Gloucester after he took the decision to make himself King Richard III – none of this could have happened. That is, when the same author concedes ‘Nor can we discount Richard’s own forceful character’, he is pitching it rather low*.
Edward IV had not left behind a factional fault line waiting to be shaken apart. Richard of Gloucester’s decision to usurp was a political earthquake that could not have been forecast on 9 April, when Edward died. After all, Simon Stallworth did not even anticipate it on 21 June, the day before Richard went public. We should be wary of allowing hindsight to give us more clairvoyance than the well-informed contemporary who had no idea ‘what schall happyne’. This is not to argue that Richard’s will alone allowed him to take the Crown. Clearly, the circumstances of a minority, the existence of powerful magnates with access to private forces, and the reasonably recent examples of resorts to violence and deposition of kings, made Richard’s path a more conceivable one. But Richard’s own tactics, his arrest of Rivers, Vaughan and Grey, the rounding up of Hastings and the bishops, relied on surprise. If men as close as these to the workings of high politics at a delicate juncture had no inkling of what might happen, the least historians can do is to reflect that uncertainty [...].
(*The author who Horspool is referencing and disagreeing with is Charles Ross)
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I posted 3,714 times in 2022
That's 3,714 more posts than 2021!
1,290 posts created (35%)
2,424 posts reblogged (65%)
Blogs I reblogged the most:
@glamorousdrama
@leopardom
@torillatavataan
I tagged 3,555 of my posts in 2022
Only 4% of my posts had no tags
#blind channel - 785 posts
#mcc - 310 posts
#esc - 283 posts
#eurovision - 279 posts
#mc championship - 272 posts
#esc 2022 - 271 posts
#eurovision song contest - 244 posts
#suomitumppu - 240 posts
#nanoa1 speaks - 231 posts
#olli matela - 216 posts
Longest Tag: 136 characters
#electrica callboy should be well enough known on it’s own that you writers don’t need to do the whole thing with titles instead of names
My Top Posts in 2022:
#5
Was anyone gonna tell me that Disney once lost a multi million dollar mural, or was I supposed to learn that from Defunctland tweet on my own???
572 notes - Posted July 2, 2022
#4
I love the recurring theme of forgiveness in Markiplier's production. Wilford admits that apologies help others heal. Old Mark forgives the Captain despite not knowing what the Captain actually did wrong. Yancy doesn't hold it against us that we want to be free.
There is just something so grounding about such a human action in the middle of such chaotic events. That despite all that these characters go through, they move on and keep going. That they get the chance to heal and let others do the same. That despite all the poor decisions the story doesn't condemn us, but let's us learn and grow.
The story doesn't shut us out of it. It tells us that no matter how bad our decisions were and no matter what mistakes we made, we deserve to keep going. I don't think any choice makes us the viewer feel as important to the story than the fact that the characters seek to understand and move on from our decisions.
Also it is just so well written. It doesn't feel like they just say it, no they also show it. There is no bad blood after forgiveness.
987 notes - Posted June 6, 2022
#3
So Latvia can’t say pussy but the host can wear that green screen suit??
1,089 notes - Posted May 15, 2022
#2
Every post I see about Technoblade’s dad is just something so heartbreaking and heartwarming at the same time.
I’m glad he found the community. I’m glad the community loves him.
”I love you because you loved him”
It really goes both ways.
1,259 notes - Posted October 26, 2022
My #1 post of 2022
"The world had to move around Techno. He was the immovable object."
-Wilbur Soot
1,396 notes - Posted July 2, 2022
Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →
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thinking about this site + fact checking (with the disclaimer i'm talking about fact checking being hard, but you're still responsible for trying to not spread misinfo)
i have such a weird relationship to fact-checking on this website because in the past i was only on here to whine about my life so i didn't kill myself, so i wasn't really in the proper mindset to care if i was spreading (non-harmful) misinformation. it's cool if people told me i was, but also if you're following a blog where a teenager posts every 5 minutes that they want to die in detail, you should assume they don't have the energy to fact check everything they put on your dash... or even the bandwidth to care to be perfectly honest.
i also did used to have a mindset of automatically not trusting most things, but knowing that if i were going to put it in an essay or tell someone that information independent of the source, i would look into it more... so to me it wasn't the end of the world if i DID reblog misinfo; though of course looking back, i'm sure my reblog was one piece of a chain where lots of people who don't see it that way were misinformed -> more misinformation. (and of course, i'm sure memories are weird and i did probably end up losing track of what i did/didn't vet, and spread misinfo in conversation, or have it impact my beliefs in some way.)
misinformation is bad and ideally everyone would fact check, or at least try to, before hitting the silly little reblog button. being mentally ill or having other priorities doesn't exactly absolve you from spreading misinformation.
i just think like... some people are on here for social justice info and therefore their blog will have more of a reputation for correct information. other people are just here to reblog pretty pastel pictures and if they can reblog an article they thought would be helping people with a quick button tap, well-intentioned, they're probably not in the most critical mindset.
in that latter case i just wonder what the alternatives are for the well-meaning lower-effort crowd. i guess the solution is probably to just not reblog articles you're not sure about!! because even if you assume the ppl following you will think critically about it before putting it into their belief system, they'll be reblogging to people who may not.
personally i put a disclaimer on things i haven't read or fact checked, but i do still want to reblog to save them for later since they get lost if i use my drafts for that purpose.
and of course, having different expectations as a consumer knowing that you're on social media where none of us are claiming to be experts on a thing we're reblogging information about, does help. there are some blogs dedicated to fact checking or dedicated to their particular area of study so you can have more trust in them if your braincells are dwindling that day, even though no one's perfect.
idk. it really is such a weird time for social media to be this huge mix of different things. i do try not to reblog news stuff on here because for me tumblr is my shutting-my-brain-off website, so i do take that approach (not reblogging things i'm not in a mindset to look into). it just also then sucks that i absolve myself from the responsibility to current events by doing that to an extent; though i do try to look into these things elsewhere when i can.
it's weird and i guess there are levels to it, where you shouldn't be discouraged from trying to spread helpful information because one tiny fact may be flawed in it, as long as you can be certain most of it is fine ??? but to me i just wonder if my approach these days is a net positive or a net negative, and it would probably swing wildly back and forth if i did reblog every little article i saw w/o critical thought.
and i'm out of braincells to force any more thoughts on this out in a meaningful way.
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golly, I am being wordy today.
Via Metafilter:
Someone on MeFi tagged me in and asked me to chime in in my capacity as a rodent person, so here were my thoughts and observations:
First thought, looking at that video: that is no house mouse. Not only is the head wrong--too narrow at the back, eyes are a bit big--but that very clear countershading is not something you generally see on wild house mice. So what kind of mouse is it? If this was in the US, I would assume it was a Peromyscus (deer mouse) species, which often gleefully invade our homes, but do they have Peromyscus in Wales? In North America, this is relevant because deer mouse species often have very elaborated burrowing and pair bonding systems, and this looks like nesting behavior off the top of my head. What sort of mouse is this?
The Woodland UK Trust suggests that this is probably a wood (or field) mouse: Apodemus sylvaticus. (There are glorious big photos there which can help you see what I mean.) Okay, I don't know that much about Apodemus spp. behavior, so what do we know about their nesting behavior?
Well, I chased a couple of false leads, then circled back to find out what is notable about wood mice, which is that they are known to not only navigate by the use of landmarks, but to organize their environments to place small objects around their environments in order to make navigation and orienting themselves across their large territories more effectively! So this mouse is probably irritably putting things back in place as an aid to its own memory of where everything is and where it can most effectively pilfer snacks, nest locations, or other useful mouse items within its environment. That is, the mouse wants a tidy shed for exactly the same reasons a human might want a tidy shed: so it can find things it's looking for when it wants to!
Wood mice, by the way, are human commensals and quite common in Europe and the British Isles, so this is in no way a refutation of the idea that this behavior might have influenced human folklore and ideas about house spirits or similar. Certainly wood mice, like any mouse, are unlikely to turn up a bowl of milk if there's one put out for it--although neither are house cats, which would certainly prey on them.
rather delighted, so I'm sharing this more widely over here.
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It's important to not force your human morals onto non-human nature, like "this creature, since it disgusts me, is bad" or "this creature, since it has behaviors I interpret as sweet and heartwarming, is good"
But if you study nature whether in life or in profession, nature will make you feel disgusted and uncomfortable, it's not necessary to act as if those feelings don't exist within you, because they are part of your encounter with the otherness of nature, and contain sensitivities that can be sharpened into their own ingredient to knowledge and awareness
Coexisting with discomforting parts of the reality of Nature without trying to resolve them into a moral or aesthetic framework you are happy with, reflects maturity
It is no good to "redeem" a hated animal if the redemption is another false idea of the animal as innocent and good. This implies that a creature's "goodness" is a valid reason it deserves existence. It is also no good to treat a beloved animal with hatred to make things fair.
A good example is with dolphins and sharks, dolphins were seen as good and cute and almost human, whereas sharks were seen as bloodthirsty killers, and this has cost the lives of sharks while dolphins are given more sympathy, so some people have tried to turn it around, portraying sharks as gentle and good while pointing out that dolphins can be violent and rape other dolphins.
A lot of dolphin behaviors are certainly upsetting, definitely it makes sense to be upset that an animal can engage in what appears like cruelty, but human morality isn't made to apply to non- humans, and a particular behavior is not the entire reality of what a whole species is like. Dolphins also engage in behaviors that humans judge as friendly, compassionate, altruistic, curious and playful
Think of a particular dog or cat and the variety of complex behaviors they are capable of—an entire species, made of individuals with their own complexity, must be far more complex. All of your emotional responses to dolphins are recognizing the immense complexity of these animals and how they are both like and unlike you, which is important to think about to expand your understanding of the universe
Fitting a creature to a flat framework for your own comfort or internal resolution is a disrespect to the creature. Certainly with sharks, everyone should know the facts about them rather than sensationalistic misinformation—shark attacks are rare, humans are not a preferred food for sharks, and most shark bites are exploratory investigations of a strange object or animal rather than feeding upon a selected prey item, however this doesn't mean sharks are "good" by human standards and it certainly doesn't mean sharks are "safe."
Seeing a video of an enormous Great White swimming placidly I feel that her presence is not just breathtakingly beautiful, but awesome—in the more archaic sense of something that inspires awe, something so great and powerful it could destroy your fragile human life without malicious intent. Likewise with any shark, it is respectful to recognize that they can be dangerous, it is disrespectful to think of them as ocean puppies and try to touch them and grab them.
Fear, disgust, anger—each is an instinct that functions to protect you and is reactive towards potential or perceived threats. Your brain allows you to evaluate things that cause these responses and choose how to act.
All parts of this whole are important because the natural world contains actual threats but knowledge and intentional behavior are important to protecting yourself.
For example, once when I found a tick crawling on my clothing, I felt disgusted and startled, which is appropriate, but my instinctive reaction was to immediately flick the tick off, flinging it onto the floor or furniture nearby where I no longer knew where it was. In this way my response didn't actually protect me but instead increased the level of risk
There are plenty of other examples—if someone sees a venomous snake they might think it is important to kill it, but trying to kill the snake is much more dangerous than leaving it alone, since the snake will try to defend itself. Spraying pesticides to kill bugs can unbalance the ecosystem causing more harmful pests than you started with because the natural predators are also killed. Using poisons to kill mice and rats will also poison their natural predators. Killing coyotes just causes them to disperse and reproduce at a higher rate, and killing wolves causes overpopulation of prey, which causes disease to proliferate and forests to be stripped bare of saplings that could grow up and regenerate the forest...
...And it also works the opposite way with human responses of affection, love and sociability: humans often may feel that they want to make an animal their friend, but often it would be cruel to take that animal into a human house and treat it as a pet. White-tailed deer may seem cute and sympathetic but hunting some of them is important for the health of the ecosystem, and trying to make them tame puts the deer and the humans in danger. Domestic cats are our friends but they are also invasive species in much of the world, destroying populations of birds, mammals and amphibians.
Domestic cats aren't serial killers or murderers either, they are just predatory animals that instinctively hunt and kill prey.
It is hard for facts about animals to be propagated while those facts must be presented as reasons the animal deserves to live or deserves to die. Virginia opossums are important to their ecosystem and deserve to exist. They also don't actually eat ticks, that came from a very flawed and sloppy scientific study that was contradicted by later studies, and sadly the reason this misinformation got so far is that it was "proof" that opossums are valuable and shouldn't be killed for no reason.
Wolves are keystone species and vital to their ecosystems, but it's not true that they never attack humans, there have been a small handful of wolf attacks on humans, it's very few and wolves generally avoid humans but they're not "safe." They shouldn't have to be "safe" to deserve to live.
Fact is, most animals can harm a human if they feel threatened or end up in an unlucky situation! Most animals can spread disease one way or another! We have to live with this, we have to learn and use strategies to keep ourselves safe, we can't just sterilize the world of animals because of a possibility that an animal could hurt someone, any more than we can cut down every tree because trees fall on people sometimes.
No one likes hearing that there's no way to for-sure eliminate all possibility of ticks from your yard, you just have to take precautions against them, but it's true! Just like there's an inherent possibility a wasp could sting you, an inherent possibility a snake could bite you, an inherent possibility a mountain lion could eat your livestock, but you can dramatically lower your risk of these things by knowing how to coexist with these animals.
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