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#rheiformes
taxonomytournament · 2 months
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Taxonomy Tournament: Birds
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Rheiformes. This order is made up of rheas, plant-eating flightless birds of South America
Apterygiformes. This order is made up of kiwis, small nocturnal flightless birds of New Zealand. They have hair-like feathers and poor eyesight.
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uncharismatic-fauna · 2 years
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Renowned Rheas
A distant cousin to the ostrich and the emu, rheas or ñandus are a group of birds belonging to the genus Rhea, consisting of the common rhea ( Rhea americana) and the lesser rhea (Rhea pennata). Also included as either a subspecies or a seperate species is the puna rhea ( Rhea tarapacensis). This group is found in the southern half of South America, typically in open grasslands or sparse woodlands.
Like their flightless relatives, rheas are large, flightless birds characterised by a small head, long neck, and long legs. Adults of the common rhea species can reach up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall and 27 kg (60 lbs), while the smaller species only reach 1 m (39 in) and 29 kg (63 lbs). All members of the rhea group have dull grey or brown coloration. Males are typically larger than females, although both possess large clawed feet which are used for outrunning or out-kicking predators like cougars (Puma concolor) and pampas cats ((Leopardus colocolo), which often go after nests or chicks.
Rheas are largely herbivorous, and spend most of their days grazing. Their diets consist of grass, cacti, saltbrush, and the occasional small lizard or insect. Outside the breeding season they can be found in flocks of 10-100, with individuals taking turns watching for potential threats while the others graze. During the breeding season, from July to January, males fight each other with their sharp claws and beaks to gain dominance. The victor mates with up to 12 females, each of which produces a clutch of 20-40 eggs each season.
 Once the eggs are laid, the males provide all the care for the offspring. These eggs are laid once every 48 hours, and most are moved to a nest for protection. However, some eggs are left to rot, and the flies they attract serve as food for the brooding males and their chicks. Eggs take about 30 days to hatch, and the young are taken are of for an additional six months. Rhea fathers are extremely territorial, and will become aggressive even towards other females, all while guarding several broods of chicks. Once they reach independence at six months old, chicks join a group of young adults, though they don’t become sexually mature until they’re about two years old. In captivity individuals can live up to 13 years.
Conservation status: The greater rhea is considered Near Threatened by the IUCN, while the lesser rhea is classified as Least Concern. Their main threats are habitat destruction and increased hunting and nest poaching from humans.
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Photos
Dave Curtis via eBird
Konrad Wothe
Mehgan Murphy
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noodle-necks · 9 months
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Lesser Rhea (Rhea pennata)
© Steven Hopp
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animalids · 2 years
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Lesser rhea (Rhea pennata)
Photo by Fabrice Stoger
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hello-birdies · 5 years
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Rhea americana by Estevão Lima.
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thalassarche · 6 years
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Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) - photo by Mandy Wegener
Birds’ eyelashes are modified feathers, not hairs, but they serve the same purpose they do in mammals: to help keep dust and debris out of the eyes. Most birds have at least a few small feather-lashes, but the ones that have these extensive lashes tend to be mostly terrestrial or completely flightless.
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mbimphblog · 3 years
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QUALITATIVE PATTERNS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION IN THE FEATHERS OF FLYING AND FLIGHTLESS BIRDS | Asian Journal of Advances in Research
Feathers are the vital structure of the outer covering and flight surface of all modern birds. Feathers are branched structures consisting of β-keratin—a rigid protein material formed by pleated β sheets—with a hollow central shaft. Feathers can perform flying, heat regulation, Bracing, sending visual signals, eating, Aiding digestion, Foraging etc and make birds a unique one. The aim of the current study is the comparison of shed feathers collected from flying and flightless birds as well as documentation of feathers for the detailed examination of their structural parameters. The microscopic images were captured to study the pattern, kinking, pigmentation, nodes, barb size and interlocking pattern of barbules. The barbules were analysed and feather comparison was done by using stereo microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic images. For easier comparison as well as documentation, selected features were divided into different taxonomic orders of birds. Types of feathers collected for the study include wing contour, body contour and Semiplume and tail plumages from different birds. Shed feathers of flying and flightless have been described qualitatively based on the morphological investigation using stereo and SEM images. The feathers are grouped into various orders on the basis of flying and flightless. Flying birds are of the order Psittaciformes, Accipitriformes, Stringiformes, Gulliformes. Flightless birds are of the groups Struthioniformes, Rheiformes and Cassuariformes. No two orders share all the characteristics. However, they may share some of the similar characteristics. Each feather differs in their interlocking pattern, pigmentation and length. Variant shed feathers of different birds are critical to the study. Although identification is confusing, this work might be helpful in various fields such as forensic investigation, illegal wildlife trades; where this document may use as a key/tool for identifying birds based on the plumage parameters. Please see the link :- https://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/1713
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mints-and-birds · 3 years
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VI. Rhea americana
Greater Rhea
Ratite - Rheiforme
4.6.2021
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studies of photos by Dave Curtis (28 sep 2017) and Michael Todd (07 apr 2010)
noted by: Linnaeus (1758)
status: near threatened (IUCN 3.1)
location: SE South America
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linyarguilera · 3 years
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CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECÍFICAS DAS AVES
CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECÍFICAS DAS AVES
segunda-feira, 18 de outubro de 2021
14:02
• Membros anteriores transformados e a presença de ossos cheios de ar no esqueleto.
• Animais pouco densos.
• Possuem sacos aéreos que se expanden a partir dos pulmões e muitos ossos ocos (ossos pneumáticos).
• As cinturas que sustentam os membros anteriores e superiores são fundidas às coluna vertebral.
• Na maioria das aves, o osso esterno, no qual se prendem as costelas, projeta-se para a frente, formando uma estrutura em formato que lembra a quilha de um navío, razão pela qual recebe o nome de quilha ou carena.
• Carenatas: aves que possuem carena, e voam.
• Classificação: Ordem dos (esfenisciformes, psitaciformes, psiformes, passeriformes, ciconiformes, falconiformes e columbiformes).
• Ratitas: aves que não possuem carena.
• Classificação: Ordem dos (Rheiformes, casuriformes, apterigiformes, estrutionoformes).
• As ratitas representam exceções na classe das aves por não voarem, tendo perdido algumas adaptações ao voo em sua história evolutiva. Apesar de tudo, são excelentes corredoras.
• O voo exige vigorosos batimentos das asas, que é realizado a custa de dois pares de músculos inseridos no osso esterno: os grandes peitorais e os pequenos peitorais (supracoracóideos).
• O voo ativo, realizado às custa do batimento das asas, é chamado voo batido ou voo remando.
Celiny Arguilera
Bibliografia: Biologia, Vivian L. Mendonça, Ensino Médio 2.
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a-dinosaur-a-day · 5 years
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Heterorhea dabbenei
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By José Carlos Cortés
Etymology: Different Rhea
First Described By: Rovereto, 1914
Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoromorpha, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostaylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Palaeognathae, Notopalaeognathae, Rheiformes, Rheidae
Status: Extinct
Time and Place: About 4 million years ago, in the Zanclean of the Pliocene 
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Heterorhea is known from the Monte Hermoso Formation of Buenos Aires, Argentina 
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Physical Description: Heterorhea is only known from some isolated foot bones which were very similar to those of the modern Rhea, but in general shorter and wider. This indicates that, if Heterorhea was indeed a Rhea (see below), it would have been similar to the living Rhea but a little thicker in general proportion. This is, of course, conjecture; but it’s the best one we’ve got, as the original fossil of this animal is lost. Like living Rheas, it probably would have been a shaggy, flightless dinosaur; with a long neck, thick legs, and small pointed beak.
Diet: Heterorhea was probably a vegetation, feeding on broad-leafed plants, fruits, seeds, and roots.
Behavior: Heterorhea probably behaved at least somewhat similar to living Rheas, fairly silent birds forming large flocks fleeing in zig-zag motions. They would probably make calls during the mating season, making somewhat loud calls in mating displays and then making soft sounds to chicks when laid. They were also probably polygamous. Other than that, though, we can’t really make a lot of statements about Heterorhea behavior.
Ecosystem: Heterorhea lived in a wet, lush grassland environment, which would occasionally flood with extensive amounts of water and mud based on the turn of the seasons. This was before the onset of the Ice Age, so it was during a time of somewhat warmer climate than what the later Rheas would face. Here, Heterorhea lived alongside many other animals - a variety of frogs, Ungulates, rodents and rabbits, Toxodonts, Macraucheniids, armadillo relatives, anteaters, Glyptodonts, Thylacosmilus, Racoons, opossums, and so many other mammals. As for contemporary dinosaurs, there were a variety of ducks, the other rhea Hinasuri, Tinamus like Nothura and Eudromia, and - of course - birds of prey like seriemas, condors, and the terror bird Mesembriornis. The latter would, of course, have been a major source of danger for Heterorhea.
Other: Heterorhea is, sadly, lost; this means we can’t actually compare the fossil of this dinosaur with other birds known from the region. Thus, though it was originally called a rhea, we can’t be certain that is what it is - since that assignment came before the age of phylogenetics and more objective classification.
~ By Meig Dickson
Sources Under the Cut 
Brodkorb, P. (1963) Catalogue of fossil birds Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes). Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci., 7: 179-293.
Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 1-698
Deschamps, C. M., G. I. Esteban, and M. S. Bargo. 2001. El registro más antiguo del género Lestodon Gervais, 1855 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Mylodontidae) (Montehermosense, Plioceno Temprano). Ameghiniana 38(2):151-156
Deschamps, C. M., M. G. Vucetich, D. H. Verzi and A. I. Olivares. 2012. Biostratigraphy and correlation of the Monte Hermoso Formation (early Pliocene, Argentina): The evidence from caviomorph rodents. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 35:1-9
Deschamps, C. M., and R. L. Tomassini. 2016. Late Cenozoic vertebrates from the Southern Pampean region: systematic and bio-chronostratigraphic update. In M. Martínez, D. Olivera (eds.), Palinología del Meso-Cenozoico de Argentina - Volumen en homenaje a Mirta Elena Quattrocchio 16(2):202-225
Houde, P. W. 1988. Paleognathous birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 22:1-148
Lambrecht, K. 1933. Handbuch der Palaeornithologie. 1-1024
Rasia, L. L., and A. M. Candela. 2013. Systematic and biostratigraphic significance of a chinchillid rodent from the Pliocene of eastern Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58(2):241-254
Rovereto, C. 1914. Los Estratos Araucanos y sus fósiles. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Buenos Aire 25:1-24
Tambussi, Claudia P., and Federico Degrange. 2012. South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, 1–113. Springer Science & Business Media. Accessed 2017-10-01.
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taxonomytournament · 3 months
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Taxonomy Tournament: Birds
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Struthioniformes. This order is made up of ostriches, the largest extant species of bird, which are flightless and mostly plant-eating.
Rheiformes. This order is made up of rheas, plant-eating flightless birds of South America
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deathtek · 3 years
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10/2/20
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uwmspeccoll · 7 years
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A Flightless Feathursday
Just because a bird has wings does not necessarily mean it flies. There are numerous flightless bird species worldwide and nearly every order of birds seems to have its flightless member. Our own personal favorite is the Kakapo, a highly-endangered, but very lovely flightless, ground-dwelling, nocturnal parrot from New Zealand. We’ll post about this elegant fellow another time, but today is all about the most well-known of flightless birds, the Ratites, a diverse group of birds, the living members of which include (in the order shown here) Ostriches (Struthioniformes), Kiwis (Apterygiformes), Rheas (Rheiformes), and Cassowaries (Casuariiformes, which also includes the flightless Emu). What makes this diverse group distinct from all other flightless birds is that all Ratites lack a keel on their sternum, rendering them flightless (the word ratite derives from the Latin ratis, the word for raft, a keeless vessel).
This set of chromolithographs and one wood engraving is from part 2, volume 3 of Brehms Theirleben (1882).  View more posts from Brehms Thierleben.
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sphynxtee · 4 years
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I google my symptoms turned out I just need more tractors shirt
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hello-birdies · 5 years
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Rhea pennata by Mario Quevedo
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thalassarche · 6 years
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Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) - photo by Alexandra - objektiv
Birds’ eyelashes are modified feathers, not hairs, but they serve the same purpose they do in mammals: to help keep dust and debris out of the eyes. Most birds have at least a few small feather-lashes, but the ones that have these extensive lashes tend to be mostly terrestrial or completely flightless.
50 notes · View notes