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lailoken · 3 years

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“Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), also known as fairy thimble in Ireland.

It is generally accepted that the name foxglove is a corruption of folk's [i.e. fairies'] glove. According to James Britten:

The name Foxglove has, in all probability, nothing to do with Reynard, but is rather connected with the fairies or little folk. This derivation is fully borne out by other of its names; e.g. the North Country name, 'Witches' Thimbles'; the Irish name 'Fairy-cap'; the Welsh, 'Maneg Ellylln' (Fairies' Glove); the Cheshire, 'Fairies Petticoat'; and the East Anglian 'Fairy-thimble'. [Science Gossip, 1 February 1870: 43]

However, a belief collected from County Leitrim implies that foxgloves, rather than being fairy plants, are dangerous to fairies.

If you have a cross or peevish child, or one that from being in good health becomes sickly, and you have reason to believe it is a fairy child, following plan may be tried in order to ascertain whether this is the case. Take lusmore (foxglove) and squeeze the juice out. Give the child three drops on the tongue, and three in each ear. Then place it at the door of the house on a shovel (on which it should be held by some one), and swing it out of the door on the shovel three times, saying: 'If you're a fairy away with you!’ If it is a fairy child, it will die; but if not, it will surely begin to mend. [Duncan, 1896: 163]

There are occasional records of foxgloves being considered to be either 'unlucky' or an omen of war.

[Around Tutbury, Staffordshire, in the 1950s] picking foxgloves was un- lucky and they were absolutely forbidden inside a house as this gave WITCHES/the DEVIL access to the house. [Stevenage, Hertfordshire, May 1982]

The summer of 1914 was a record one for foxgloves, regarding which an old [Staffordshire] man remarked, 'I don't like them, missus; they mean war. Them foxgloves is soldiers.' [Hodson, 1917: 452]

Children inflate foxglove flowers and pop them.

[In Cornwall foxglove is known as pop dock:] Dock from its large coarse leaves; pop, from the habit of children to inflate and burst the flower. [Britten and Holland, 1886: 153]

[Gloucestershire, Forest of Dean, 1920s:] amusing ourselves lazily popping 'snompers'. We picked spikes of beautiful pink foxgloves ... then took off each flower, trapping the air with thumb and forefinger, and pushed the ends together till they'd explode with a pleasant little [Foley, 1974: 18]

Similarly, in the same area:

[From my grandparents, b. 1856 and 1860:] Snomper, or snowper (rhyme with cow) = foxglove. A favourite admonition to a noisy child: "Shut thee chops; thee bist like a bumble bee in a snowper.' A favourite occupation in summer was to trap a bee in a foxglove bell to hear it buzz angrily! [Cinderford, Gloucestershire, November 1993]

On Guernsey the foxglove was known as claquet, 'derived from the children's amusement of popping or bursting (claquer) the flowers on the palm of the hand,' and its flowering provided guidance as to when mackerel-fishing should start: Quand tu vé epani l'claquet, Met tes leines dans ten baté, En t'en vâs au macré. (When you see the foxglove blossoming, put your fishing-tackle into your boat, and go off for mackerel). [Marquand, 1906: 39]

At Hartland in north Devon foxgloves are associated with the osbcure St Nectan, to whom the parish church is dedicated. According to what appears to be a comparatively recent tradition, St Nectan and his sister arrived in Cornwall from Wales, and made their way towards Hartland. At Stoke they were attacked by robbers, and the Saint was decapitated. However, their journey was not delayed, for the Saint picked up his head and continued. Wherever a drop of BLOOD fell from his wound a foxglove sprang up [Dunsford, 1981: 176]. Today a Foxglove Procession is observed 'with great gusto' before the morning Sung Eucharist on the Sunday nearest the patronal feast, 17 June. Although parish magazines survive from 1909, the Procession is not mentioned until 1927, when the then incumbent arranged a proces- sion after 3 p.m. Evensong on St Nectan's Day [The Revd Louis Coulson, Vicar of Hartland, January 1982].

In folk medicine:

Foxglove leaves were placed in children's shoes and worn thus for a year, as a cure for scarlet fever-in Shropshire. [Haynes, Bedfordshire, August 1984]

The lus mor—or soft leaves in the heart of the plant out of which the fairy thimbles grow—is good for healing a CUT. The little hard hard thread on the back of the leaf should be pulled out and the leaf heated at the fire and applied to the CUT. [IFCSS MSS I128: 26, Co. Cork]

The foxglove provides the major British example of how traditional remedies might prove worthy of investigation. In 1775 William Withering was asked for an opinion on a traditional Shropshire reme- dy for DROPSY. Of the twẹnty or so herbs the remedy contained, Withering quickly concluded that the important active ingredient was foxglove leaves. Thus, as patients for whom all other remedies had failed became available, he began to experiment by administering differing dosages of foxglove leaves in a variety of forms. After ten years he published his results, listing 163 of his own patients and a number treated by other physicians, and, although foxglove leaves had originally been used to stimulate the production of urine, he was also able to report that they had 'a power over the motion of the heart to a degree not yet observed in any other medicine' [Withering, 1822: 103]. Several of his contemporaries also considered foxglove leaves to be useful in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS, but this was never proved, and it is as a drug for the treatment of heart ailments that an extract of foxglove-now usually the Mediterranean woolly foxglove (Digitalis lanata)—continues to be used.”

—

Oxford Dictionary of Plant-Lore

by Roy Vickery

#Oxford dictionary of plant-lore #Roy Vickery #plant lore #faerie faith #faeries #the fae #faerie folk #foxglove #digitalis

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morwensteelsheen · 3 years

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sorry ive been awake since 545 so im very cranky, but this post:

is driving me nuts. wales didn’t exist in a recognisable form in the age of the arthurian legends.

Arthur’s father, uther, was the king of britain, not wales. tintagel castle, which is heavily associated with arthur (including as the site of his conception) is in cornwall; glastonbury abbey, where Arthur and Guinevere are allegedly buried, is in somerset; excalibur was legendarily pulled in either london or somewhere else in the southeast of england; the lady’s lake could be anywhere from galloway to the loire valley. you also straight up cannot call camelot wales given that the bulk of the recorded (and unrecorded!) stories we have identify camelot as either unlocatable, or connected more closely to england than to the ruins at newport.

please don’t misunderstand me and assume im doing weird unionism — im not, i also think english cultural hegemony is shit. but the response to that hegemony should not be to inaccurately and imprecisely revise history. it’s true that the arthurian legends are largely celtic in nature, but they span territory as far north as scotland’s central belt, as far south as cornwall and devon, west as county kerry, and east as marseille. to superimpose a single, modern national identity upon it (particularly welsh, which is extremely complicated as an identity for its relative newness compared to the other national identities of these isles) is deeply inaccurate and unhelpful.

#but what would i know about it #im just a historian of national identity in the British isles hdksjskdhajshd

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dansnaturepictures · 3 years

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My eighth wildlife and wildlife and photography highlights of 2020 blog-Our trip to Devon and Cornwall in August

Dipper, Chough, Manx Shearwater and more

You may recall that a permanent fixture in these highlights blogs every year has been our trips to Rutland Water to attend the British Birdwatching Fair. The organisers took a correct, timely and classy decision to cancel it this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It would have not been possible to do safely this year given the nature, popularity and international scope of the event. I did miss going to Rutland it was my first summer since 2007 I didn’t go to Rutland or the wider East Midlands, but I enjoyed where I could getting involved and also donating to the virtual Bird Fair they held instead which by checking the schedules and watching talks and things I felt very much the same exciting vibes I got going to the Bird Fair every year since I was kid.

But I still had the Friday and Monday booked off work for when it would have been on. So as restrictions allowed us at that stage we booked to go to Devon for three nights to visit certain West Country wildlife rich and beautiful locations we knew. Something I felt very excited about I do love this area of the country what a bonus to get to go back after doing so last September going to Cornwall and this and last January in Gloucestershire my last trip away. It was nice to just stay somewhere else other than home for the first time in five months for me safely. On the way on the Friday in and out of sunshine we took in wonderful views of the countryside, most notably seeing the famous Stonehenge in Wiltshire a place I had seen before from the car but I had never managed or even really tried to photograph it so I did that that day I just managed to get my camera ready in time to take pictures of it through the car window including the first in this photoset a fun moment making me excited for my next West Country adventure it’s such a great staging post in any journey there.

When we arrived and settled into the lovely cottage we stayed in in a working farm environment, we ventured to three lovely lakes in a nice light evening they have here. It was such a beautiful walk, I took in brilliant views over this typical Devon countryside which I love. It was particularly a very nice night of flowers and insects a botanist’s dream a little bit, we saw so many wonderful flowers including late foxgloves in the rain, lovely rosebay willowherb, some striking orange and pink ones nice to see them with raindrops on and insects flying around. The orange ones I found out later on were montbretia. As we drove in on a day that had its fair share of rain it was comical to see little makeshift “rivers” flowing along the roads and lanes so it was nice to capture this in a photo too. During the walk it rained that night just a bit and the sun shone, I looked over the fields seeing the dark clouds behind and thought to myself that’s where the rainbow will go and I said that to my Mum and like happened earlier this year surely enough a rainbow did then appear right on that patch and it looked glorious I took the second picture in this photoset of it. A nice addition to my best ever year of rainbows fittingly given what they came to mean in 2020 and a beautiful start to the holiday I felt very relaxed that day especially compared to weeks that proceeded it. I also saw a couple of Wrens that night which was very nice as I felt in the heart of Devon countryside I really tasted that in a sense and embraced by it. A lovely moth a Yellow-barred Brindle came in that night showing good continuity from them coming in at home the weeks leading up to the trip away.

We started the Saturday away with a walk up the lane from where we’re staying, it started rainy and then got sunny, we enjoyed some stunning Devonshire views of lovely countryside which was a great start to the day alongside being very relaxed at being away and excited. On this walk like I did throughout the day I saw more rosebay willowherb. As the sun really came out I was delighted to see beautiful Swallows flying very close overhead and landing on the wire, a special moment with a great bird. A young Robin outside the cottage was very lovely to see and I saw and photographed one at Fingle Bridge later on that day which was memorable. I also saw nice butterflies Speckled Wood and Large White on this walk. I took third picture in this photoset of a view on this walk.

We then went to Fingle Bridge the main place we wanted to come this trip away to search for one of my favourite birds the Dipper. Here it was nice to see Grey Wagtail, Red Admiral, Large White and Southern Hawker as we took in stunning views of a beautiful habitat I love so much gushing water flowing over rocks through a valley in the woods a habitat I find very delicious. I also felt I went back in time and saw some Silver-washed Fritillaries strong butterflies for the habitat one who’s season had long since ended at home in Hampshire. Whilst in Hampshire as I said in my last highlights blog at this stage I was taking in lots of sights and signs of autumn there were only some with one tree in autumn colour here. The flower sightings the night before and that day showed the season in Devon was slightly behind and a little more how the year normally unfolds actually.

Our quest to see a Dipper at Fingle Bridge after walking around was beginning to look a bit fruitless, but I kept saying we must never give up and all we needed was a moment of magic to see one. Luck changes in seconds with these birds. We came across an angler who we spoke to at a safe social distance as we were eating one or two wild raspberries and he had some too and I had some blackberries further on. We asked if he’d seen a Dipper on his travels and he had as well as Kingfisher too the Dipper recently and he told us roughly how far along. It was a very pleasant chat. We walked on checking the river at all times and we saw a Dipper! Very likely the same one. That one moment had happened and I felt so happy. We got brilliant views of it on the rocks in the water and it was very interesting to see it flying as I had done before and see it swimming a bit which I never had before really in the flesh. I got my first photo of an adult Dipper since 2014 the fourth in this photoset, we had seen the bird we had come for as we had here in 2015 which meant it was mission accomplished and we could feel anything that happened on the trip now was a bonus and it was a relief to see this my 12th ever occasion of seeing a Dipper.

It was quite an emotional moment really. 2020 looked like a year we could possibly see a Dipper when we went to North Wales in June we had the right habitat and had locations where we looked for them there in 2016 but that was rightly postponed due to the virus at that stage. I then thought and even said I would not see a Dipper this year and I accepted that. But then the Bird Fair was also cancelled and we managed to sneak a staying-away trip in to this area we love so much and Dipper was the bird we’d come for and we’d managed it which I loved. It was very thrilling to see this bird. 10 years on in very similar habitat (My first ever Dipper was at Exmoor’s Watersmeet which Fingle Bridge is like a Dartmoor version of) from seeing my first Dipper I was reminded why they are one of my favourite birds and how much I love it. Interestingly during my last time off work for more than one day before this my hot week off of day trips in Hampshire and most notably surrounding counties to it in June, on the Friday I watched Julia Bradbury’s ‘Walks with a View’ programme I think repeated where she walked Lynmouth to Watersmeet as part of her walk that episode and saw Dippers which made me very nostalgic this before I knew we’d get to go to Devon so it just made me feel very nice that. Year list wise it was a very important milestone being my 170th bird of 2020. A worthy bird to be the milestone which made me very happy. Equally I didn’t know if I’d reach 170 birds this year it’s been a crazy and restrictive (for the best for us all of course) year a figure it always feels smashing and I am proud to reach I’ve only achieved it six times so I felt happy. I came away once again with a very good impression of Fingle Bridge what a fantastic place it is, the woods and river habitat I just love so much. There’s also lots of nice picnic areas it’s a typical National Trust place so it was nice to see lots of people safely enjoying time outside this August it gave me great holiday vibes.

We then moved into Meldon Reservoir. At Fingle Bridge I had some therapeutic moments listening to and watching the water gush over rocks and falls, and I had very much the same here but in a different more open setting perhaps. Here I simply took in some of the greatest views I’ve seen this trip and this year so far it was exceptional. Typical national park views within Dartmoor. I had never seen anything like it being at a reservoir and dam really and walking along it. It was a wonderful walk through breathtaking countryside. I took the fifth picture in this photoset from here I enjoyed taking pictures there so much. I even managed a dip in the river myself when it turned out the circular route we did meant we had to cross a tributary to the stream a lovely holiday moment for the weekend. I saw Dartmoor ponies here and some Jackdaws which was nice. Being at a dam was so good also as I have seen in my previous visits especially north/mid Devon ones we can learn a lot from the South West about how to use renewable energy and put it into the landscape a wind turbine was visible in the distance too. Its landscape features so good for this. I know there are other uses for the reservoir obviously. So I really saw that up close and personal it’s something that has interested me since school renewable energy use and obviously we should all be interested in so I found that great that day. This was a walk at Meldon reservoir that really allowed me to take in great views and absolutely tire myself out which is what it’s all about for me. That day I also set my record for photos produced in one day producing over 60 which I would emulate the next day and in my Norfolk and Bushy Park trips this year.

On the Sunday we did something that was a surprise idea and something we did not expect to at all this long weekend, and made the trek from where we’re staying near to Oakhampton, Devon to Cape Cornwall and Botallack in the vicinity of Land’s End in Cornwall two standout locations of our wild Cornish September 2019 holiday to see if we could see two star birds there that we did last year which I wouldn’t see anywhere else this year another of my favourites the Chough and a favourite bird B lister for me the Manx Shearwater. Since 2016 the beginning of my working life holidays particularly as well as all time off have increased in importance for me with long summer holidays and the like no longer something I can enjoy. And the lineups in each year since, particularly 2018 and 2019 although 2017 taking in locations we already know well was good too have been amazing with so many memorable trips away from home and smashing stuff happening in them wildlife and landscape dominated and mostly both. In my 2019 holidays particularly the last to Cornwall I really realised how content I was going away to different locations in my own country and doing what I love wildlife watching and photography. So places like these I took to my heart. When we left Cornwall, doing a second trip to Cape Cornwall mostly to walk the dogs before we left due to practicalities and because we loved it so much, I sort of thought I treasured these places so much and I wouldn’t see them again for another three or four years if I was lucky. I said to my Dad before coming away at the possibility of if we didn’t see a Dipper the day before which we did in the end at Fingle Bridge in Devon our main bird target, maybe crossing the Cornish border to go to Boscastle where we’ve seen them before a little bit into Cornwall that would feel strange in a good way returning to Cornwall so soon. But to actually be going to the places we were at last year right at the end of Cornwall, in this crazy rollercoaster of a year was something else.

The day started in a wild way as I saw and photographed a spider in the bath in the cottage we stayed in a similar one to one I got a memorable photo of in my en suite at home on the second May bank holiday Monday. After a nice journey there as the sun came out which felt like going to Anglesey when we stayed in Snowdonia in 2016 for scale of a big journey within time away, in which we saw lots of birds of prey like Buzzard, Kestrel and maybe a Peregrine, we got here and took in stunning views of the dramatic coast in the sun and peak purple heather everywhere and reacquainted ourselves with the beautiful place Cape Cornwall. We did the same with the wildlife, seeing scores of Gannets young and old, Fulmar, Shag, Oystercatcher, Turnstone, get intimate moments with Herring and Great Black Backed Gulls, see another Buzzard and also see a little moth and a cricket which was nice. I enjoyed nice flowers there that day too.

I also saw a decent few butterflies at Cape Cornwall in perhaps the hottest weather we had all trip. It was nice for it to be and feel so hot and sunny after a wet start in Devon for us that day. This included Small Tortoiseshell, some Common Blues and most notably a smashing view of a Wall Brown. I finally got to see one and really make out its features this year one I had had two occasions of quick and flighty and quite distant views of prior to this point in 2020. I very much enjoyed seeing this beautiful mostly coastal butterfly for us up close and I liked taking a picture of it with my big lens with its wings closed.

At this stage in the walk like the Dipper the day before we had not seen a Chough and we were rather making hard work of doing so. I joked we were chuffed to see a Dipper that day’s yesterday but were we going to dip (out) on Chough today (to those who don’t know, “dip out” is a birdwatching term to mean you have missed seeing the bird you are looking for). But I kept the same motto as the day before, we must stay positive and focused as it only took one moment for it to happen.

On the way back to the car at Cape Cornwall that day we got that moment. The one thing had concerned me compared to two visits here last September was we had not heard the distinctive call of this scarlet-billed crow at all which we had a lot here last year. The Chough is a bird you’ve really got to be hearing before you can even think about seeing one. As we walked up the hill I heard two finally, and turned around and there were two black birds flying from where the call was made. I got them in the binoculars but could not quite see their beaks properly. My Mum had just about seen the shape of them but not the red colour and thought Chough. I needed that little bit more convincing as similarly sounding Jackdaws were by the shore to the left of where we were looking moments before so could have easily rose up. They looked more right for Choughs though and we walked back in the direction of the lower reaches of the hill where we’d seen them last year. Here we managed to see them again sitting on the cliff and the pair flew frequently, but we saw their red beaks and were in no doubt now they were Choughs. We enjoyed a glorious few minutes with these precious birds we really did get so close to them, I felt very happy to see and hear them. Once again this weekend away patience had paid off. I took the sixth picture in this photoset of one of the Choughs at Cape Cornwall that day.

As bird 171 in my year it did make me happy and made my year list at that stage my third highest compared to what I had seen on this date in previous years behind 2018 and 2019 my two highest ever year lists. It also marked the first time I saw one as one of my favourite birds which was nice, I had always been fond of them throughout my birdwatching but last September after the holiday I added it to my list of favourites. There’s was only at that stage six of my current list of favourite birds I was yet to see as I mentioned in my favourite birds highlights post in this thread, six I know I have not visited any locations I could see them or are just very hard ones to see so I did very well for seeing them this year. We left Cape Cornwall once more feeling very satisfied indeed. I also enjoyed seeing more great rock samphire at Cape Cornwall that day alongside other nice flowers.

We then moved onto Botallack and had a lovely covid-secure takeaway cream tea to eat on benches I always say you have got to have a cream tea if you come to the West Country and between this and a Devonshire one waiting for us when we arrived at this cottage on the Friday we had a Devon and Cornwall one ultimately. It was amazing how the National Trust made it so safe to enjoy their facilities in terms of the pandemic I was impressed. At Botallack it started to cloud over as the weather forecast suggested but as the visit went on we saw quite a bit of the sun as well. It also looked very purple here perhaps compared to when we came last a few weeks later in the year last year into September thanks to the flowering heather. This meant three of favourite habitats were combined this weekend away, heather, coast and water flowing through a rocky valley in woods over steep gradients and three of my most beautiful places to be. It was more of the same bird wise at Botallack with Choughs delightfully seen again over the café’s area and over the sea, Jackdaws, Buzzard again showing well and a Raven seen sitting on the central chimney for a very long time which was great to see it’s always a great spot for different types of crows here. I took the seventh picture in this photoset of a nice heather and coastal view here today.

We were here mostly to try and sneak in seeing a Manx Shearwater as we did last year and my Mum and her partner has the last two years here, a bird we did not expect to see at all this year. We studied Gannets flying right to left across the sea as the day rolled on; we did wonder if we were too early to see a Manx Shearwater and we would have had more luck in September as we did all across this part of Cornwall las year. But we did just manage to see a few Manx Shearwaters flying over with the Gannets, making out their features. It was not my best ever views of this bird but it was good enough and meant I could tick them and enjoy seeing them a little. Whilst looking at the Buzzard and more Choughs it was a really nice atmosphere of arriving here and waiting until a point in early evening to see if we could see any quite magical really. The sea remained calm but perhaps the day got a little rougher and it was a weird sensation after weather at this stage after hot days being a bit cold this evening. I ended the day on 172 birds seen in 2020 something I reached in July the last two years so I am not too far behind really. I took some interesting photos of the views of the sea and cliffs through a makeshift window which stood out– a gap in the buildings of the distinctive old tin mine fixtures which define this area and make it quite charming.

I took the eighth picture in this photoset of a lowering sun behind trees visible from the cottage when we returned that evening. This ended two really packed full days away that weekend and I loved being away so much. A perfect substitution to being at the Bird Fair, what a way to spend a summer weekend it did feel so hot and summery that weekend with okay some rain in places and I felt very happy and relaxed. I saw some top-class wildlife birds especially but butterflies and flowers too alongside other things and took in some varied and breathtaking views. Meeting some great people at a safe social distance along the way! So many photos produced again possibly some of my highest amounts ever each day and so many top memories made little and big.

With these memories strongly in my mind as we prepared to return home on the Monday I took one last walk around the area the cottage was in that had three lovely lakes where we had walked on the Friday evening. Like that walk I enjoyed seeing flowers (Yellow dahlias different colour to the ones I enjoyed in our garden so much this year, foxgloves, rosebay willowherb and some other lovely orange summer flowers we saw all over the south west that weekend I believe montbretia), insects some horsefly type things and a common blue damselfly and a nice view of a Wren and Swallow before we left.

We had a bit of a disaster leaving when the roof box for our luggage on the car’s key section broke so it could not be locked. With the help and advice of some very kind people at the farm we stayed, the postman who happened to come by quite charming for a rural area and in the post office at Bridestowe a local village we managed to arrange a makeshift tie down of the box using some rope ties and some newspaper ties and parcel tape from the post office shop there. We had to be resourceful but this type of thing can be what holidays are all about in terms of memories. I took in some views of this picturesque village of Bridestowe and saw a Woodpigeon, Collated Dove, Jackdaws and House Martins whilst there. Quite an adventure.

What followed was effectively a safari through the beautiful Dartmoor National Park as it was one of those sunny and rainy days getting a fair amount of each. We took in the stunning and uniquely carved out landscape, I took pictures of it from the car and at a little stop. On the stop we saw some of the hardy Dartmoor ponies of different colours too which was great I took the ninth photo in this set of one I enjoyed this. We then arrived at a planned stopover point to have a little walk from before travelling home, Dartmeet on the banks of the dart where we’d come in 2015 another very nice river through woods habitat similar to Fingle Bridge where went on the Saturday. We walked one way through rain and sun taking in stunning views along the river and were happy to find Dart Valley nature reserve and we walked along there. I took the tenth and final picture in this photoset there.

After eating lunch in the car park area through sun and rain once more we walked the other way through a heath. More stunning views were on offer here and then the walk came alive for wildlife sightings. We saw a Sparrowhawk chasing a Swallow which noisily tried to see it off, when looking at it I noticed a lovely common lizard sat on a little rockface it gave a great view but I was not quite fast enough for a picture. I noticed loads more of the little things of nature on the walk like a lovely spider on a hard to see web that looked as though it was skating in the air to get from bit of heather to heather therefore. Bees and Beautiful Demoiselles as we had seen the other side of the river completed this. Perhaps the stage was stolen though by another of my favourite dragon and damselflies when a Golden-ringed Dragonfly flew along flying right at us and then along we got a cracking view of this. Then a Buzzard a star bird of our weekend flew over too. On the way home we drove past the beautiful Postbridge in Dartmoor in the lovely cottage we stayed in there was a homely picture of this hung up.

This made a pleasant end to the journey of this weekend away for us taking in some of the key habitat of this weekend that breathtaking river through woods over steep gradients in the land area and the Dartmoor landscape. What a fantastic weekend away we had, some of the best, most enjoyable and memorable times this summer and year for me for relaxing, walking, wildlife watching and photography. As I said we did and saw so much and I loved every minute of it well worth how excited I was for the weekend away it lived up to it well.

We had a fun moment on the way home still in Devon seeing some lovely Cattle Egrets in a field! A year tick on my birthday at WWT Slimbridge the last time we came to the West Country so this was very nice. In Dorset on the way home we went a different way to when we came we had a smashing view of some adorable Roe Deers on the roadside so the journey there and back had great points of interest.

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helloloading313 · 3 years

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Post Box Vr

Post Box Vr Game

Postbox Versus Mailbird

Post Box Vr Controller

Vr Post Box For Sale

Vr Post Box Ireland

Post box

Post boxes in Australia The yellow box is for express mail.

A British Lamp Box post box of the 1940 pattern at Denvilles, Havant, Hampshire.

First Paris street letter box from c.1850

A public (though unconventional) post box in Japan shaped as tea caddy

A post box (British English and others, also written postbox, known in the United States and Canada as collection box, mailbox, post box, or drop box) is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.

Varieties of post boxes (for outgoing mail) include:

Contents

1History of post boxes

History of post boxes

Lamp box mounted next to a sewer gas destructor lamp in Crookes, Sheffield, England.

Wireless Bluetooth Gamepad VR-BOX Remote Control For iPhone Samsung Android TC., your order will be shipped without tracking number by Hong Kong Post. A pillar box is a type of free-standing post box.They are found in the United Kingdom and in most former nations of the British Empire, members of the Commonwealth of Nations and British overseas territories, such as Australia, Cyprus, India, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, the Republic of Ireland, Malta, New Zealand and Sri Lanka.Pillar boxes were provided in territories administered by the United. The original use of a wall mounted post box with a rear door was so that the post master of a post office could collect the mail from the inside of the shop. 'VR' 'ER' 'GR' are the most sought after with the more modern bullet shape pillar boxes now gaining in popularity. A classic collection of Victorian post boxes from all corners of the counties of Devon and Cornwall, some of which have now disappeared. Back to albums list. Bow Bridge VR wall box TQ9 17 by Tim Jenkinson 3 Bowden Lodge near Totnes TQ9 27 by Tim Jenkinson 3 Braddons Hill Road East Torquay TQ1 55 by Tim Jenkinson 2 Brixham. SKYBOX is the ultimate VR player with powerful features and elegant interfaces. It supports any every video formats, of any video type (2D, 3D, 180°, 360°) and in any order (SBS and TB).

Europe

In 1653, the first post boxes are believed to have been installed in Paris.[1] By 1829, post boxes were in use throughout France.[2]

In the British Isles the first pillar post boxes were erected in Jersey in 1852. Roadside wall boxes first appeared in 1857 as a cheaper alternative to pillar boxes, especially in rural districts. In 1853 the first pillar box in Britain was installed at Botchergate, Carlisle. In 1856 Richard Redgrave of the Department of Science and Art designed an ornate pillar box for use in London and other large cities. In 1859 the design was improved, and this became the first National Standard pillar box. Green was adopted as the standard colour for the early Victorian post boxes. Between 1866 and 1879 the hexagonal Penfold post box became the standard design for pillar boxes and it was during this period that red was first adopted as the standard colour. The first boxes to be painted red were in London in July 1874, although it would be nearly 10 years before all the boxes had been repainted.[3]

The first public letter boxes (post boxes) in Russia appeared in 1848 in St. Petersburg.[citation needed] They were made of wood and iron. Because these boxes were lightweight and easy to steal, they disappeared frequently; later boxes were made of cast iron and could weigh up to 45 kilograms.[citation needed]

Asia

The post box arrived in the late 19th century Hong Kong and were made of wood. In the 1890s, metal pillar box appeared in Hong Kong and remained in use till the late 1990s. From the 1890s to 1997 the boxes were painted red and after 1997 were painted green.

North America

The United States Post Office Department began installing public mail collection boxes in the 1850s outside post offices and on street corners in large cities. Collection boxes were initially mounted on lamp-posts.[4] As mail volume grew, the Post Office Department gradually replaced these small boxes with larger models. The four-footed, free-standing U.S. Mail collection box was first suggested in 1894, following the successful use of such designs in Canada, and quickly became a fixture on U.S. city street corners.[4][5] Unlike Canadian mailboxes, which were painted red,[6] U.S. mail collection boxes were originally painted a dark green to avoid confusion with emergency and fire equipment, then to red and blue in the 1950s, and finally, all-blue with contrasting lettering.[5][7] The coming of the automobile also influenced U.S. mailbox design, and in the late 1930s, an extension chute or 'snorkel' to drive-up curbside collection boxes was adopted.[4]

USPS 'Snorkel' collection boxes for drive-through access

A British pillar box with two apertures, one for stamped, and the other for franked, mail

Types of post boxes

Some postal operators have different types of post boxes for different types of mail, such as, regular post, air mail and express mail, for local addresses (defined by a range of postal codes) and out-of-town addresses, or for post bearing postage stamps and post bearing a postage meter indicator.[citation needed]

Some countries have different coloured post boxes; in countries such as Australia, Portugal, and Russia, the colour indicates which type of mail a box is to be used for, such as 1st and 2nd class post. However, in Germany and parts of Sweden, because of postal deregulation, the different colours are for the different postal services. Other nations use a particular colour to indicate common political or historical ties.[8]

Post boxes or mailboxes located outdoors are designed to keep mail secure and protected from weather. Some boxes have a rounded or slanted top or a down turned entry slot to protect mail from rain or snow.[5][9] Locks are fitted for security, so mail can be retrieved only by official postal employees, and the box will ordinarily be constructed so as to resist damage from vandalism, forcible entry, or other causes.[5][9][10] Bright colours are often used to increase visibility and prevent accidents and injuries.[11][12] Entry openings are designed to allow the free deposit of mail, yet prevent retrieval via the access slot by unauthorised persons.[5][13]

Clearance

Post boxes are emptied ('cleared') at times usually listed on the box in a TOC, Times of Collection, plate affixed to the box. In metropolitan areas, this might be once or twice a day. Busy boxes might be cleared at other times to avoid overflowing, and also to spread the work for the sorters. Extra clearances are made in the period leading up to Christmas, to prevent boxes becoming clogged with mail.[citation needed]

Since 2005, most Royal Mail post boxes have had the time of only the last collection of the day listed on the box, with no indication of whether the box is cleared at other times earlier in the day. The reason given for this by the Royal Mail is that they needed to increase the type size of the wording on the 'plate' listing the collection times to improve legibility for those with poor sight and that consequently there was insufficient room for listing all collection times throughout the day. Some post boxes may indicate the next collection time by a metal 'tab'[14] or dial that can be changed while the box is open. The tab displays a day or number, each number corresponding to a different time shown on the plate.

Terrorism and political vandalism

The surviving Manchester pillar box from the 1996 bomb

During 1939 a number of bombs were put in post boxes by the IRA as part of their S-Plan campaign. When the Provisional IRA blew up the Arndale shopping centre in the 1996 Manchester bombing one of the few things to survived unscathed was a Victorian pillar box dating from 1887 (A type A Jubilee pillar).

In 1952, a number of post boxes were attacked in Scotland in a dispute over the title adopted by the British monarch which was displayed in cypher on the boxes. This included at least one which was damaged in the Inch housing estate in Edinburgh with a home made explosive device. The issue in question was the fact that Queen Elizabeth I had not been the queen of Scotland, and so Scotland couldn't have a Queen Elizabeth II. The compromise was to put the Scottish crown on Scottish pillar boxes, without any reference to the particular reigning monarch. One such example can still be seen today in Hong Kong at Statue Square.

In the United States of America, nearly 7,000 USPS collection boxes were removed following the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack and the 2001 anthrax attacks in which letters containing anthrax spores were placed in public collection boxes. Since that time, a decrease in first-class mail volume and the onset of online bill payment processing has resulted in lower demand for collection box service in the U.S.[4]

Post Box Vr Game

In Northern Ireland several red Royal Mail post boxes were painted green by Irish Republicans in early 2009, in order to resemble An Post's post boxes in the Republic of Ireland.[citation needed]

In Britain the disposal of hypodermic needles into post boxes is a modern problem. This raises concerns among employees about AIDS/HIV and other infectious diseases and has caused Royal Mail (UK) to issue metal needle-proof gauntlets for their employees in high risk areas to protect those employees from infection.[citation needed]

Colours

Colours for Post boxesRed

Argentina • Australia • Belgium • Canada • Denmark • Gibraltar • Greece(express post) • Greenland • Hungary • Iceland • India • Isle of Man • Israel • Italy(domestic post) • South Korea • Japan • Jersey • Macau • Malaysia • Malta • Mauritius • Monaco • Netherlands - surviving heritage and PTT boxes • New Zealand • Norway(national and international mail) • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Spain(express mail) • Singapore • South Africa • Thailand • United Kingdom[15]

Yellow

Australia(Express Post) • Austria • Brazil • Bulgaria • Cyprus(red before 1960) • Finland • France • Germany(Deutsche Post) • Greece(regular & international mail) • Iran • Malaysia(Express Post) • Norway(local mail) • Russia(1st Class) • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain(regular mail) • Sweden(national and international mail) • Switzerland (& Liechtenstein) • Turkey • Ukraine • Vatican City • Vietnam

Blue

Belarus • Faroe Islands • Germany(many private postal companies) • Guernsey • Alderney • Dominican Republic • Sark • Italy(Air Mail only) • United Kingdom(Air Mail - 1933-1940) • Portugal(1st Class (Blue Mail) only) • Sweden(local mail) • Russia • United States

Green

China • Hong Kong(red before 1997) • Taiwan • Ireland • Some heritage boxes in the United Kingdom, notably Stoke on Trent, Rochester & Scunthorpe

Orange

Czech Republic • Estonia • Indonesia • Netherlands (TNT N.V./PostNL (red before 2006))

WhiteGray

Symbols

Swedish Royal Post

Irish Post & Telegraphs 'P7T' logo

Postbox Versus Mailbird

Australia – a styled red letter 'P' on a white circle, 'P' standing for 'Post'.

Canada – a combination of a bird wing and an aircraft wing in a red circle and flanked by the words Canada Post / Postes Canada. Previously the words Canada, Canada Post, or Canada Post Corporation) were used on post boxes. Some older post boxes had the words 'Royal Mail'.

Continental Europe – most designs include a Post horn, like those used by postmen to announce their arrival. In Germany the post horn is the only element indicating post services.

Ireland – from 1922 the Irish harp entwined with the letters 'SE' for Saorstát Éireann, then 'P7T' Gaelic script for Post & Telegraphs and from 1984 An Post with their wavy lines logo, often on the door as a raised casting.

Russia – logo of Russian Post (Почта России) written white on blue and black on yellow 1st class mail boxes.

Japan – a 'T' with another bar above it (〒).

United Kingdom – all post boxes display the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch at the time of manufacture. Exceptions are the Anonymous pillar boxes of 1879–87, where the cypher was omitted, and all boxes for use in Scotland manufactured after 1952 (including replicas of the 1866 Penfold design) which show the Queen's Crown of Scotland instead of the Royal Cypher for Elizabeth II. Private boxes emptied by Royal Mail do not have to carry a cypher. Royal Mail post boxes manufactured since 1994 carry the wording 'Royal Mail', normally above the aperture (lamp boxes) or on the door (pillar boxes). Before this date all post boxes, with the exception of the Anonymous pillar boxes, carried the wording 'Post Office'.

United States – the United States Postal Service (USPS) eagle logo, except that boxes for Express Mail use the USPS Express Mail logo.

Gallery of Post Boxes from around the world

British Edward VII Type A pillar box of 1902 by A.Handyside of Derby in front of Mansfield College, Oxford

French Post Box at Dinard airport

French Post Box at Ile de Bréhat

Post Boxes in Lisbon, Portugal (1st class mail in blue and 2nd class in red)

Post Box of Indian Postal Service

VR pillar box in Kilkenny, Ireland, painted green with obvious door repair

IrishLamp Box erected by An Post

Italian domestic Post Box

Japanese Post Box at the Osaka Central Post Office

U.S. Post Box in front of the Post Office in Conneaut, Ohio

Post box incorporated into a Type K4 telephone kiosk, introduced in 1927. 10 survive in the UK of this design by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott which also incorporates two stamp vending machines. This red telephone box is in Warrington, Cheshire, England

A standard British lamp letter box mounted on a post in Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales

A Victorian wall box of the Second National Standard type dating from 1859, in Brough, Derbyshire, England

Large square pillar box (type A wall box freestanding) in Gloddaeth Street, Llandudno, Wales

A Guernsey Post Type C double aperture pillar box

A Victorian hexagonal red post box of the Penfold type manufactured in 1866 outside King's College, Cambridge (not the original location for this box).

One of the 150 post boxes erected during the uncrowned reign of Edward VIII

German mail box with an old Post horn with arrows (stylized lightning bolts) from the Deutsche Bundespost, on the top sign the new Post horn from Deutsche Post AG

A post box in San Marino

A Polish post box

Swedish post box

A post box in Funningur, Faroe Islands

Pillar box in Bruges, Belgium

Singapore AA style sheet metal mail box in Hong Kong

A Ukrainian post box in the city of Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

A Czech post box

A R2-D2 themed post box in Boston, Massachusetts as part of the celebration for Star Wars' 30th anniversary

A postbox of one the many private mail companies in Germany, this one PIN in Berlin[16]

Post box mounted on an electric pole in Bangalore, India

In Chellaston, Derby, United Kingdom

Krakow, Poland

Post box in Macau, China with Cantonese & Portuguese text

Post box in Lützelflüh-Goldbach, Switzerland

Post box in Quebec city, Canada

Post boxes in Heinola, Finland. Orange 2nd class postbox is very common, blue 1st class mailboxes only at selected places.

Post Box Vr Controller

See also

Post Office box, used for incoming mail

Stamp vending machine, often attached to post boxes

References and sources

Notes

^Lawrence, Ken. 'Before the Penny Black'. Ken Lawrence. http://www.norbyhus.dk/btpb.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^Batcow, Stan (2001-12-02). 'The Post Boxes of Blackpool, England'. http://www.ausgang.com/collect/post.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^Wicks, Paul (2002). 'History of British Letter Boxes - Part 1: Victorian Letter Boxes'. Paul Wicks. http://www.wicks.org/pulp/part1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^ abcdMarsh, Allison (2006-03-20). 'Postal Collection Mailboxes'. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&mode=&tid=2032051. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^ abcdeShaman, Tony. 'Antique Street Letterboxes'. Antique67.com. http://www.antique67.com/articles/antique_letterboxes/antique_letterboxes.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.

^ Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, History In A Box: Red Forever!, Civilisation.ca. http://www.civilisations.ca/cpm/histbox/canad_e.htm

^Marsh, Allison; Pope, Nancy (2006-04-28). 'Orr & Painter mailbox'. Postal Collection Mailboxes. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=76927&img=1&pg=1. Retrieved 2008-08-16.

^ Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, Colour, A Postal Symbol, Civilisation.ca. http://www.civilisations.ca/cpm/histbox/couleu_e.htm

^ abGlancey, Jonathan (2007-01-16). 'Classics of everyday design No 6'. theblog. The Guardian. http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/art/2007/01/classics_of_everyday_design_no_6.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.

^Marsh, Allison (2006-04-29). 'Street collection box damaged September 11, 2001'. Postal Collection Mailboxes. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=83037&img=1&mode=&pg=1&tid=2032051. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^'A Victorian post box in Brecon - made in the Black Country'. Black Country Bugle. 2007-06-28. http://www.blackcountrybugle.co.uk/blackcountrybugle-news/displayarticle.asp?id=106007. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^'Campaign to preserve red post boxes'. BBC UK News. BBC. 2002-10-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2294797.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^William, Earle (1975-04-29). 'Secured mailbox'. USPTO Database. USPTO. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=38&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PALL&s1=3880344&OS=3880344&RS=3880344. Retrieved 2008-08-16.

^'Changes to post box collections: Collection Tabs'. Postwatch.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070630075459/http://www.postwatch.co.uk/issues/CurrentIssues.asp?id=15. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

^ All Royal Mail / GPO post boxes were painted BS 538 Post Office Red between 1874 and 1969. With the introduction of the K8 Telephone kiosk in 1969, a new 'red' colour was adopted for GPO street furniture, designated B.S. 539 Post Haste Red. After British Telecom and Royal Mail were split by the British Government, BT continued to use BS539 exclusively, whilst Royal Mail use both BS538 and BS539 in a seemingly random way. Prior to 1859 there was no standard colour although there is a document in the BPMA archive indicating that optionally, the lettering and Royal cypher could be picked out in white or black. In 1859, a bronze green colour became standard until 1874. It took ten years for every box to be repainted during this period).

^PIN MAIL AG

Sources

Farrugia, Jean (1969). The letter box: a history of Post Office pillar and wall boxes. Fontwell: Centaur Press. p. 282. ISBN 0900000147.

External links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Look at other dictionaries:

post box — post boxes also post box N COUNT A post box is a metal box in a public place, where you put letters and packets to be collected. They are then sorted and delivered. Compare letterbox. [BRIT] (in AM, use mailbox) … English dictionary

post|box — «POHST BOKS», noun. = mailbox. (Cf. ↑mailbox) … Useful english dictionary

post box — noun A box in which post can be left by the sender to be picked up by a courier. Would you take these letters down to the post box please theyve already got stamps … Wiktionary

post-box — see post box … English dictionary

POST-BOX — … Useful english dictionary

post·box — /ˈpoʊstˌbɑːks/ noun, pl boxes [count] Brit : ↑mailbox 1 … Useful english dictionary

Post-office box — redirects here. For the electrical device, see Post Office Box (electricity). A Post Office box full of mail … Wikipedia

Box — describes a variety of containers and receptacles. When no specific shape is described, a typical rectangular box may be expected. Nevertheless, a box may have a horizontal cross section that is square, elongated, round or oval; sloped or domed… … Wikipedia

Post office box — A post office box (often abbreviated P.O. Box or PO Box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office station. In many countries, particularly in Africa, and the Middle East there is no door to door delivery of… … Wikipedia

box — [[t]bɒ̱ks[/t]] ♦♦ boxes, boxing, boxed 1) N COUNT A box is a square or rectangular container with hard or stiff sides. Boxes often have lids. He reached into the cardboard box beside him... They sat on wooden boxes. ...the box of tissues on her… … English dictionary

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Cable Beach Shopping Centre (Next to Super Value Foodstore) P.O. Box AP59223 Nassau, The Bahamas T [242] 327-POST (7678) F [242] 327-1598 E [email protected] H Mon – Fri: 9am – 6pm Saturday: 9am – 1pm

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Text

Election 2019: Region-by-region guide to the most volatile election in memory

By Chaminda Jayanetti

This election is the most unpredictable in living memory. Part of the difficulty is that different parts of Britain now vote in very different ways for very different reasons. 'Uniform national swing', once psephological gospel, is dead in a ditch.

That means each region must be viewed on its own - but in each case, it's worth bearing in mind that the benchmark to use when judging this election is the 2017 vote share for each party, not how they're polling right now. Labour could have a great campaign, improve its poll ratings - and still lose a slew of seats.

Northern England

The North East, North West and Yorkshire-Humberside are not a homogenous blob. But across the board, the Tories are targeting Leave-voting ex-industrial heartlands that in many cases have never voted Tory at all. In truth, it's likely that northern core cities are out of play.

There is evidence that Brexit has lost its sheen in the North East more than in Yorkshire. So while Bishop Auckland and Stockton South are do-or-die gains for the Tories, Blyth Valley and North West Durham are harder tasks. If they take those two, they're heading for a solid majority. The midpoint is Darlington, number 47 on their national target seat list. Should the Conservatives win here, Johnson will probably stay in No.10 no matter what happens in London and Scotland.

There is an ethnic factor here. Labour's vote is potentially more secure in ethnically diverse Dewsbury than in the overwhelmingly white Workington, despite the latter having a larger Labour majority.

The Brexit Party is polling better here than elsewhere, although their only plausible seat gain across the country is Hartlepool. As Theresa May discovered to her cost, voters in these seats find it easier to vote for Nigel Farage than for the Tories. The risk of a split Leave vote is much higher here than elsewhere.

Labour will hope its campaign - focused on austerity, inequality and radical reform - will be more persuasive to traditional working class voters, white or otherwise, than the Old Etonian on the other side. Both Labour and the Tories will highlight their spending plans for 'left behind' towns. The question is whether Jeremy Corbyn's unpopularity renders all strategies moot.

Midlands and East Anglia

This is mostly solid Leave territory outside Cambridgeshire. The Midlands brought the Tories more joy in 2017 than Theresa May's much-hyped northern targets. Johnson will target his strategy on these seats. If he wins a majority, he'll get it over the line here.

The Tories' targets combine once-solid Labour heartlands and 2017 Labour gains, town seats and city seats, very white seats and ethnically diverse ones, and a smattering of Remain-voting pockets. That last group includes Warwick and Leamington, a tight marginal that ought to stay Labour based on its 58% Remain vote. The Lib Dems are nowhere here - if the Tories retake this seat, tactical voting has failed, the Remain vote has split and Johnson could be in for a good night.

But most of these seats voted Leave, and by some margin. The Tories are chasing a string of Labour-held marginals with often wafer-thin majorities and very small 2017 Lib Dem and Green votes for Labour to cannibalise. The Conservatives are building their entire campaign on winning over Labour Leave voters in Dudley North, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Peterborough and Derby North. Fifteen seats could fall to the Tories on a five percent swing from Labour - potentially neutralising their losses in London and Scotland before we even look at Wales and the North.

The rise of the Brexit Party could also have unpredictable effects. Take Lincoln. The Ukip slump in 2017 ended up helping Labour retake the seat. Could Farage's party take votes from Labour, handing the seat to the Tories? Or will it eat into the Conservatives' natural vote? Other seats like High Peak and Birmingham Northfield are also in this bracket.

Set against this, Labour's strong south Asian vote will be critical to holding onto marginals in Coventry, Birmingham and Wolverhampton - which helps explain the prominent roles the Tories have given to Sajid Javid and Priti Patel.

London

The capital is crucial to the outcome of the election - if the Tories do badly here and in Scotland, it may wipe out their gains in the North and Midlands. If they hold on here, they should stay in power.

London could also be the messiest of all England's electoral battlefields. Let's start with the known knowns. With the Brexit Party marginal in London, middle class Leave voters in the city's outskirts will most likely vote Tory, while its large BME population will strongly lean Labour.

Everyone else is up for grabs.

Working class Leavers will decide whether Dagenham turns Tory or stays Labour. If it's the former, the Tories are in for a very good night. Middle class Leavers should hold Uxbridge for Johnson, but won't be enough by themselves to save Chingford for Iain Duncan Smith. The Lib Dems should oust Zac Goldsmith in Richmond, but will need almost perfectly efficient tactical voting to retake Sutton.

And then there is the clutch of Remainy seats that could become messy three-way marginals. These are among the hardest seats to call - Wimbledon, Putney, Finchley, Chipping Barnet, Hendon, Cities of London and Westminster, Chelsea, plus Labour-held Kensington and Battersea.

Three of these seats have Jewish communities alienated from Corbyn's Labour. All of them have large middle class liberal demographics who may lean Lib Dem, but where Labour are the main rivals to the Tories from the 2017 result. Remain voters wanting to stop the Tories could struggle to decide who to back, making tactical voting inefficient and helping the Conservatives hold on with low vote shares. If YouGov's seat-by-seat MRP polling shows which party is best placed to challenge the Tories in each seat, that could have a decisive impact on the outcome.

South West

Traditionally this was a Tory-Lib Dem battleground, but now it's much harder to read. Yes, the Lib Dems have recovered - but where? Are their new voters concentrated in London and its Remainy hinterland? Or are they spread more evenly? If the latter, they could retake old seats in the Leave-voting south west - North Devon, North Cornwall, Wells. If the regional Tory-Lib Dem swing rises above ten percent, a whole slew of seats come into play - the likes of Thornbury and Yate, Yeovil and Taunton Deane. At that point, the Tories are in huge trouble, needing to win swathes of seats in the Midlands and the North.

Is it plausible? Ten percent is a big swing, but one that doesn't require the Lib Dems to get anywhere near their south west vote share from 2010. Their activists know how to campaign on local issues among Leave voters. But if their recent recovery is concentrated among Remain voters, and their outright pro-Remain stance alienates Leavers, they could be left struggling in the south west, just picking up Cheltenham and ultra-marginal St Ives.

The party may benefit from tactical pro-Remain voting, but in Cornish seats such as Camborne and Newquay, Labour came slightly ahead of the Lib Dems in 2017, making a split vote a big risk. Watch out also for East Devon, where the pro-Remain independent Claire Wright could take the seat from the Tories - but could also be undermined by the local Lib Dems' refusal to stand aside.

As for Labour, their first job will be to hold on to Plymouth Sutton, Bristol North West and Stroud from strong Tory challenges. Hefty Remain votes in the latter two seats should help them. If they can recover in the polls - not relative to their deficit against the Tories in 2017 - only then can they start targeting Conservative marginals like Camborne, Filton, and Swindon South.

Keep an eye on Jacob Rees Mogg's seat in North East Somerset. It voted 52-48 for Leave, and is a natural target for highly motivated tactical voting by Remainers. Rees Mogg's 19% majority may not be as safe as it looks.

Not many people are watching the South West. Perhaps they should be.

South East and the Home Counties

Let's start with the easy bit - Essex and Kent look like safe Tory territory.

Labour has a job on to protect Reading East, Portsmouth South and ultra-marginal Canterbury, and will need either a campaign surge or tactical voting to do so. If Corbyn can turn things around, Labour could take the ultra-marginal Leave-voting targets of Southampton Itchen and Hastings. The exodus of young graduate Remainers from London to the Home Counties could win Crawley, Worthing East, Wycombe, Reading West and the two Milton Keynes seats for Labour. Yes, they need to nail their campaign, but if they do so, tactical voters will fall into line. It just goes to show how vulnerable the Tories are to a Labour campaign recovery.

Then there's the Lib Dems. Tellingly, the party's Tory defector Sam Gyimah is quitting his Surrey seat to stand in Kensington - which tells us how the Lib Dems see their chances in Remain-heavy Surrey. The party is having a bad night if it doesn't take Guildford, but Gyimah's London parachute doesn't suggest the Tory implosion and efficient tactical voting needed to take other Surrey seats is on the cards.

Instead the party will focus on Eastleigh, Lewes, St Albans and Winchester. Taking those four seats would be a good night's work for Swinson.

Wales

With the exception of its Welsh-speaking, Plaid-voting seats, Wales politically resembles northern England - rural Conservatives, Labour core cities, and Leave-voting ex-industrial towns that have been Labour for decades but could now turn blue.

The Tories have roughly the same targets as 2017, plus Gower and Vale of Clwyd, which they carelessly lost to Labour in the Corbyn surge, and Brecon, which fell to the Lib Dems in this year's by-election.

A two percent swing across Wales from Labour to the Tories may not deliver them a single extra seat. A swing between two and four percent would take Gower, Wrexham and Vale of Clwyd, while five seats fall on a swing four-to-six percent. The Tories could gain votes without gaining seats - but past a tipping point, the seats start dropping like flies.

Labour does have Tory-held targets - but it needs to dramatically improve in the polls first. Labour beat the Welsh Tories by 15 points in 2017 - the most recent Welsh poll this month found the Tories leading Labour by four points.

There has been a lot of hype around Plaid of late, but it doesn't have legs - yet. Its one key target of Anglesey could be a three-way battle with Labour and the Tories. Barring a dramatic shift in fortunes during the campaign, any historic breakthrough will have to wait.

Scotland

Around a quarter of Scotland's 59 seats were won by fewer than a thousand votes in 2017, making it heavily laden with marginals.

Whether this election becomes a proxy referendum on Brexit or on independence, it ought to favour the SNP - support for independence has risen since 2017, while tactical voting by Remainers could win back numerous Tory-held seats. Scottish Labour is a mess and the Scottish Tories leaderless.

And yet. The SNP suffered badly from the fall in turnout between the 2015 and 2017 elections, and there's no guarantee the party can motivate those voters back to the polls. While the Tories are rudderless, they still have their Brexit USP, and some of the seats they're defending voted strongly to Leave. If Labour can get a successful national campaign going, that could also feed through north of the border, where the party could take seven SNP seats with a one percent swing.

Bet on the SNP, sure - just don't bet the house on them.

#general election

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trendingnewsb · 6 years

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Storm Emma to bring up to 50cm of snow

Media playback is unsupported on your device

Media captionLatest forecast for Storm Emma and “Beast from the East”

Parts of the UK are braced for up to 50cm of snow, as Storm Emma brings worsening conditions.

A highly unusual red weather warning for snow is in force for south-west England and south Wales until the early hours of Friday.

UK roads, railways and airports have been severely hit by snow for a third day, with thousands of schools shut.

Thousands of drivers across the country are stranded in freezing temperatures as police urge people not to travel.

The military has been called in to rescue drivers who have been stuck for several hours on the A31 in Hampshire as police declared it a major incident.

Avon and Somerset police have also declared a major incident over concerns medical staff were unable to get to their place of work.

Police said about 100 vehicles are stuck in snow on the A303 at Ilminster, Somerset, and a rescue operation is under way.

In Dorset, around 100 vehicles are stranded on the A35 near Puddletown and a coach full of elderly passengers have been stuck on roads in Northumbria for eight hours, police said.

In pictures: Snow persists in UK

Follow live updates here

What’s behind the UK’s freezing weather?

The Met Office has 11 live severe weather warnings for snow, ice and wind in place for the UK. The final warning is in place until 23:55 GMT on Monday.

On Thursday, a seven-year-old girl died after a car crashed into a house in Looe, Cornwall.

In Leeds, a 75-year-old woman was found dead in a snowy street. She was found partially hidden beneath a car in the Farsley area of the city.

Meanwhile, in the south, a 46-year-old man died in a road crash after a collision with a lorry in icy conditions on the A34 near Tot Hill services in Berkshire.

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Media captionRiver Chelmer at Maldon in Essex freezes over

Earlier, a woman gave birth to a baby girl in a car on the roadside in snowy County Durham.

National Grid says there may not be enough gas to meet demand in the UK.

If suppliers cannot provide more gas, industry, large businesses and gas-fired power stations will be asked to use less, but domestic consumers would only be affected as a last resort.

Children in south Wales, southern England and Scotland were off on a snow day on Thursday, as thousands of schools closed.

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Media caption‘Legend’ snow-clearing Cambridgeshire farmers saluted

Several sports fixtures have been disrupted by weather conditions. Four Super League rugby league have been postponed and the Premier League Darts in Exeter has been cancelled.

Meanwhile, an NHS trust in Leeds said the public response had been “wonderful” after it appealed for people with 4×4 cars to drive health workers to visit patients.

Image copyright Getty Images

Image caption Council workers in North Yorkshire just about managed to complete a road inspection

Image copyright PA

Image caption A woman clears her driveway in Glasgow

Image copyright PA

Image caption While cars battled against the conditions to be seen on the A192 in Northumberland

A red alert for snow in Scotland – the country’s first- has been lifted but an amber alert remains in place.

On Thursday evening, troops were deployed to transport 200 critical care hospital workers to and from their shifts at two hospitals in Edinburgh.

More than 300 people were stranded on a motorway in Scotland in freezing temperatures overnight on Wednesday – some for 20 hours.

Some 15 law courts across Scotland have cancelled trials on Friday while the high winds have blown panels off the roof of the Princess Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow.

Animals brave the ‘Beast from the East’

Greg James’ challenge is cancelled

Icy blizzards hit Europe transport systems

It’s snowing – can I refuse to come to work?

First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has urged people there not to travel, while Wales’ transport secretary has also warned against driving.

Blizzards, biting winds and significant travel disruption are also affecting southern, western and central England, parts of Wales and Northern Ireland.

This is the third day of disruption caused by heavy snowfall, with reports of “near zero visibility” on some roads in Cumbria.

In Devon and Cornwall, police have warned drivers that most minor roads are “impassable”.

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Media captionFun in the snow

By early evening the RAC had reported 8,000 breakdowns across the UK with the West Midlands its busiest region.

Meanwhile, hundreds of homes have been left without power across the UK. On Thursday evening Western Power Distribution, which serves the Midlands, Wales and the south west, said 1,300 homes had power cuts, although not all were weather-related.

The problems for travellers may not be over by the end of this evening with Arriva Trains Wales cancelling several of its services and suspending many others on Friday.

Media playback is unsupported on your device

Media captionCar has near miss with bus in Edinburgh

Thousands of drivers trying to get home have been stuck for several hours.

On the M27 in Hampshire motorists have been at a standstill for over five hours while police have declared a major incident on the A31 in the New Forest and called on troops to help rescue stranded motorists.

Highways England said efforts are under way to rescue drivers stuck on the M62, which has been partly closed between Rochdale and Huddersfield.

Police forces across the UK have repeatedly told people to only travel if necessary.

Superintendent Mark Pannone from Cumbria Police said the amount of snowfall was abnormal, adding: “This adverse weather is set to be with us for at least the next 48 hours.

“Many roads are hazardous and so I state again, please do not drive unless you absolutely have to.”

Media playback is unsupported on your device

Media captionNicola Lee, who was stranded overnight on the M80, told the BBC it was like sitting in a car park

What is happening with the trains?

Across the UK, more than 20 rail operators are running a reduced service.

In London, Paddington Station was closed for nearly three hours due to severe weather conditions, and in Kent 50 stations are closed.

National Rail is reporting mass disruption in the South East, Scotland, north-west England and the South West.

Virgin Trains’ west coast service to and from Scotland has not been running since mid morning. Trains to Edinburgh are still cancelled and passengers on east coast routes are urged not to travel until Saturday

Arriva Trains Wales has suspended some services all day on Friday, including trains between Cardiff and Manchester. Some routes are suspended until at least 13:00 while others are running on a reduced timetable

Heathrow Express services between London Paddington and Heathrow Airport are running less frequently

East Midlands Trains are unable to run any trains between Nottingham and Skegness

There are numerous delays and cancellations on the Northern network, with all trains through Huddersfield delayed by up to 50 minutes or cancelled

ScotRail ran limited services until 19:00 GMT between Edinburgh and Glasgow, Glasgow Central and Kilmarnock and Glasgow Central and Ayr. There will be no trains in the amber warning area during the Friday morning peak

No CrossCountry services will run in Scotland on Friday

Media playback is unsupported on your device

Media captionHomeless in the snow: “I thought I would die sleeping out”

How are the airports affected?

Airports across Britain are being affected by the cold weather, and the knock-on effect of other terminals across the UK and Europe cancelling flights.

Glasgow Airport: The airport will stay closed for the rest of Thursday. More than 200 passengers spent the night in the terminal

Edinburgh Airport: The airport will fully close from 18:00 GMT to give staff time to prepare for Friday’s conditions

Dublin Airport: All flights have been suspended until Saturday

Cardiff Airport: Flybe has cancelled flights after 15:00 GMT due to the red weather warning in south Wales

East Midlands Airport: The runway has reopened after being closed because of the snow but it warns passengers of cancellations and delays

Heathrow Airport: Some flights have been cancelled, with short-haul flights to airports including Dublin and Glasgow severely affected

Gatwick Airport: About 50 of the 350 flights due to depart from the terminal have been cancelled and there are also significant delays to other flights. Customers are advised to check before travelling

City Airport: There are multiple cancellations and delays at the airport, mainly affecting Irish and internal flights

What is the forecast?

The Met Office says the cold weather could last into next week and possibly the following week.

BBC Weather’s Ben Rich predicted “blizzard conditions” by Thursday night across south-west England, Wales and parts of the Midlands.

He said a “biting easterly wind” will make it feel like -11C (12F) in Birmingham and Cardiff – on what is the first day of meteorological spring.

There is potential for up to 50cm (19.6 inches) of snow over parts of Dartmoor and Exmoor, the Met Office added, with up to 20cm (7.8 inches) falling in southern England, Wales and the West Midlands.

How has the cold weather affected you? Share your pictures, video and experiences by emailing [email protected].

Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

WhatsApp: +447555 173285

Tweet: @BBC_HaveYourSay

Send pictures/video to [email protected]

Upload your pictures/video here

Send an SMS or MMS to 61124 or +44 7624 800 100

Or use the form below

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Read more: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43236763

from Viral News HQ http://ift.tt/2oPCM1T via Viral News HQ

#IFTTT #Viral News HQ

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joshuajmadrid · 4 years

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Order Spirits Online - Vodka, Gin, Brandy, Whiskey & others All Delivered within 30 minutes!

Welcome to 24 Hour Alcohol – Your guide to 24 hour off licences and late night alcohol delivery services

Since 24-hour drinking was introduced in England & Wales, it’s been possible to shop for booze at any time of night from premises with 24 hour alcohol licences. It’s not always easy to seek out alcohol late within the dark or in the early hours of the morning, so we’ve compiled a database of all shops licensed to sell alcohol 24 hours each day .

If you can’t get right down to your nearest 24 hour shop to shop for booze in the dark , on-demand alcohol delivery may be a brilliant alternative. Simply order beers, wines and spirits online and your drinks are going to be dropped off direct to your door in no time. Late night booze delivery is out there during a growing number of locations. In large cities like London and Manchester, delivery speeds are often so fast, it’s almost instant alcohol delivery!

Here at 24 Hour Alcohol you'll find off licences and alcohol delivery services licensed to sell alcohol 24 hours each day , so you'll buy booze late within the dark or early in the morning. All off licences and drink delivery services listed on this website are legally allowed to sell alcohol “after hours”, thanks to 24 hour drinking laws in England & Wales that came into effect in 2005 (Licensing Act 2003).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Tesco & Asda supermarkets have suspended 24 hour opening for the foreseeable future, with most Tesco & Asda stores now closing at 10pm (some Tesco and Asda stores are now open until midnight). Many other 24 hour shops in our database are open for business as was common , however, some retailers are operating reduced opening times, so we highly recommend phoning ahead to see that your local 24hr shop remains open as normal to avoid a wasted journey. Most on-demand alcohol delivery services have returned to normal, so you'll get drinks, cigarettes and groceries delivered to your door almost instantly.

Order alcohol on-demand for delivery direct to your door

When you need booze in the dark but can’t visit a 24 hour shop, on-demand alcohol delivery is that the perfect solution. We’ve all been during a situation where the bevies ran out early and it killed the party. Now that 24 hour alcohol delivery may be a reality, it’s changed everything. Getting drinks delivered is as easy as ordering food online from a takeaway. choose between a variety of beer, wine, spirits, champagne, lager, cider, alcopops, even cigarettes and tobacco, finalise your order and keep it up enjoying your night while your alcohol is brought round to your house by a friendly delivery driver.

View our section dedicated to Alcohol Delivery to find out more about the delivery of booze on-demand and the way to put an order. you'll also select a selected area to seek out companies delivering late night drinks to your location: London, Surrey, Kent, Essex, Birmingham, Leicester, Manchester, Preston, Blackpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Milton Keynes, Luton, Watford & St Albans, Slough, Swindon, Chester & Wirral, Liverpool, Norwich, Southampton and Taunton & Yeovil. Don’t forget, some alcohol delivery companies don’t open 24 hours, but most do open all night, so are handy once you desire a drink after hours. 24-hour alcohol delivery

Buy booze from your nearest shop with a 24 hour alcohol licence

When 24 hour drinking regulations were introduced in England & Wales, many pubs, bars, clubs, supermarkets, convenience stores, corner shops, petrol stations and alcohol delivery services were granted permission to sell 24 hour booze, but most of the people had no idea the way to determine where these premises were located, so couldn’t legitimately buy alcoholic beverages in the dark . to unravel this problem, 24 Hour Alcohol has obtained the locations of all 24 hour off licences within the whole of England & Wales, supplying you with access to booze 24/7.

Find out more about 24 Hour Off Licences or use our nearest 24 hour off licence locator to seek out shops selling booze all night near your current location. you'll also browse all shops licensed to sell alcohol 24 hours by selecting a locality… Wales, Scotland, England: London , Greater Manchester, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Bristol, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, County Durham, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Merseyside, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex and West Sussex), Tyne & Wear, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Wiltshire, Worcestershire and Yorkshire. Contact Us:

#24 hour alcohol delivery near me #24 hour alcohol delivery #dial a booze #alcohol delivery near me #alcohol near me #booze-up.com

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ecotone99 · 4 years

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(HM) To ‘Pronunciation’ or ‘Pronounciation’ – an exploration into regional differences in South West England on impacts of local dialect (first time submitting a written work - any feedback appreciated)

To ‘Pronunciation’ or ‘Pronounciation’ – an exploration into regional differences in South West England on impacts of local dialect

Introduction

We appreciate the idea of ‘grammatical conversation’ can be a dry one and lacking the ability to draw a reader’s interest at times. Hence, we’ll throw you right into a lively conversation between the Cultured Lads co-founders Aidan and Tom to provide the cultural context behind the study of interest.

Aidan: the problem with the pronounciation of French words is it uses sounds completely foreign to the English tongue. Trying to do the correct pronounciation (Tom tries to cut me off with ‘Aidan stop’) of the French R is just so difficult

(Aidan repeats the same way of saying ‘pronounciation’ multiple times before the next interlude)

Tom: Aidan shut up for a second, it’s pronunciation not pronounciation, you keep murdering the pronunciation of the word.

Aidan: look Tom, I’ve pronounced the word this way my entire life, it’s hardly likely to be incorrect

Tom: Aidan, I’ll bet you £50 that the pronunciation is like this and we’ll find out on google after

Aidan: You’re not bluffing here…

(Later on – the King of Culture Rob Kennedy is asked for his interpretation of the word)

Tom: Rob how do you pronounce pronunciation? (framing bias unfortunately)

Rob: It’s pronunciation right, why are you asking this?

(The conversation moves forward and after UK googles confirmation of the word being ‘pronunciation’ Aidan wonders how he’s got it wrong for so long).

But accepting defeat on a matter like this is not something to be taken lightly. The question of whether the word pronunciation may have different variations across certain regions of South West England had not been ruled out and if legitimate proof could be identified to explain the supposed incorrect use of the term ‘pronounciation’ the bet could be ruled as a void one: explanation “culture”.

A History of Pron(o)unciation

The lads convened at cultured HQ to discuss the best strategy to take this investigation forward. We decided upon a method of a massive scale ‘frequency wordsearch’ for all types of grammar references in the South West of England and we stumbled upon an individual who was popping up everywhere – his name was Peter Nounce. Born in Exeter, Devon 1503-1561 we were able to discover that Peter Nounce was something of a founding father of present grammar in that region of Devon, cumulating in him producing a dictionary for the locals in this time. We decided it was of the upmost importance to gain access to these dictionaries in order to understand the context of this information. After scouring the public libraries in Exeter, we ended up finding what we were looking for in a remote corner of a museum; the 3 editions of Peter Nounces Exeter dictionaries. After careful persuasion of the cultural significance to what may be revealed in these dictionaries, the kind museum owner Jenny allowed us access to the words we required. Our first breakthrough was found here in the 2nd edition of Exeter dictionaries. Peter Nounce had adapted ‘pronunciation’ to ‘pronounciation’ in the three intervening years between editions.

We don’t wish to speculate too much about the intentions of Peter Nounce here as we have failed to identify transcripts between P.Nounce and his secretary / council at the time of this decision. Yet, the safe assumption to make is that he wanted to create a ‘language legacy’ and a path to open conversation on ‘regional differences between the English counties in language’. If so, he has succeeded in his life ambition around 500 years after his passing.

Upon unravelling the revelation of local dialect in the capital of Devon, the next step was to investigate the breadth of these regional differences by assessing other local towns in the county to see if the word became used to a level which may explain its use in the heart of Cornwall today. In travelling south to the Devon coast something remarkable was uncovered. It seems that Peter Nounce became a trend setter for language variation in certain words, for a 30-mile region, from Exmouth to Dartmouth. Although other local dictionaries were not produced in the same way Peter Nounce developed (remember this was a life’s work for P.Nounce), it was figured that sifting through regional poetry / love letters at the time that variations of ‘pronunciation’ were found.

For example, in Exmouth a declaration of love from John Clayton to Patricia Bowles (1600) included the line ‘How I can never pronownceate in letters the love I feel for you’ and when considering the most southerly point where variation of language was found, Dartmouth, we uncovered a line from the notorious poet at the time “William Albert” who wrote ‘abstract leaves, art thou you pronounceate essence to all’ in his most established work ‘Tree on the River Dart (1615)’.

But through this all, the lads at cultured HQ had an important question that still needed answering. How does regional differences in Devon help explain why Aidan pronounces pronunciation “pronounciation”? For this we needed an individual case study into the regional roots of Aidan’s life and after close inspection, our lead investigator unveiled the previously hidden truth of this mystery.

The first step was to cross reference Aidan’s blood relatives (close family) to location of birth and region of adolescence / early adulthood where language habits can be formed. Fortunately, it did not take long to find an admittedly slightly tenuous link between Aidan’s grandfather ‘Robert Wardle’ and South Westerly uproots having been brought up in the neighbourly county of Somerset, in the town ‘Chard’. Formerly, Robert would often talk pleasantly of his upbringing in Chard and one thing any perceptive reader will note is how close Chard borders to the county of Devon, located to the south east of the county, approximately 31 miles from Exeter. After a pondering moment, we considered the possibility of historic trade links between the two locations, with Exeter as a capital and ‘hub’ of the county needing a place to export to Somerset.

This link was developed in rather tragic circumstances, in the aftermath of the historical bloodshed of the ‘Pasty Book War’. This was caused by the ineptitude of King Edward the 6th to calm the patriotic outrage of the Cornish due to his religious legislation attempting to change theology and practises of many of the Pasty faith towards that of Potatoes. This led to events such as the ‘battle of Woodbury common’ and the ‘siege of Exeter’ where the production of ‘pitchforks’ went through the roof not only as a tool of agriculture but now as a final line of self defence against the Cornish rebels looking for vengeance.

After the calming of the waters in 1570, Exeter had a large surplus of pitchforks due to the complementary effect of the war ending but also the development of advanced raking in the region, meaning they were looking to export pitchforks to those in deficit. As a location with rapid agricultural development in this time, Chard began importing pitchforks with the volume of trade being reportedly higher than any other trade-link in the UK, spiking in 1578, after most of the town was destroyed by fire the year prior. From the origin of pitchforks, trade between the two areas blossomed with rakes, buckets and spades being actively exchanged over the next 15-years but something more important was being transferred in the process – local dialect.

Using our previous methodology of looking at relevant literature for the period, we were able to see the word ‘pronounciate’ turning up in more and more texts in Chard from about the year 1600 which identifies the time-lag between effects of trade-links and the adaptation of local dialect. Many of the first references to the word ‘pronounciate’ came from transaction records between those in the pitchforks industry before becoming more widely used in other forms of text by around 1625 such as the fables of Michael Stout on customary Somerset tales. When identifying other regions of Somerset, we find that only a few neighbouring villages to Chard also adopted the language established initially by Peter Nounce which clearly points to the idea it was only the exceptionally strong trade-links between Exeter-Chard at this time which enabled this transfer of language.

Obviously, when talking about a regional language form such as ‘pronounciation’ there will still be many individuals who want to follow the Queen’s English, and this was true even in Peter Nounces time and the power of the monarchy can diminish the overall power of a regional word in this case. Surveys conducted in present day now identify 41% of residents in Exeter still retain Peter Nounces dialect, with this number dropping to 25% in Chard.

But our regression model discovered a positive relationship between ‘education’ and use of “pronounciation” (+0.43) and with Robert Wardle being an upstanding student at Cambridge university, it seems plausible that Robert taught Aidan Peter Nounces pronounciations causing a drift away from the Queen’s English that can occur for a younger generation. To purely speculate – since ‘nounce’ vocalises in a more expressive manner than ‘nunce’ affluent Devonians could be more likely to remain using these language adaptations. This may explain why today people often refer to the South West middle clash as ‘posh’ or ‘toffs’ as a grammatical remnant of Peter Nounces ‘language legacy’ that most are only aware of on a subconscious level. Disappointingly, only one surveyed participant was knowledgeable of their local dialect originating from P.Nounce – we hope the current essay / conducted surveys rectifies this abomination.

Alternative Case Study

When conducting research such as this, often tangential side stories can be picked up and the tale of ‘Calmon’ in the Devonian region of Teignmouth is one worth explaining.

Going through all of Peter Nounces 735 language adaptations in this essay would be incredibly dull, especially considering the majority of these are the subtle movement of one letter in some form. But one thing he did do was inspire a Teignmouth local of the time ‘Callum Waters” who became fixated on the idea of painting his name in the language history whilst improving his own trade in the local area. As a local fisherman who netted large amounts of salmon daily off the Devonshire coast, he became frustrated at the inability to distinguish his own salmon from the other fishermen, especially considering he was using a type of bait that could preserve flavour longer than his counterparts. Remember that in this time period, there was no such thing as ‘companies’ and ‘brands’ seen today with it being every man for himself. Callum decided to take drastic action - ‘salmon’ became ‘calmon’ and at that point he was able to establish the competitive advantage he needed amid all the confusion of the same fish being sold with different names.

The family run business thrived for a while with everyone knowing to ‘get their calmon’ with sales of ‘salmon’ dropping. However, the failure to adapt and improve technological methods in business leads to stagnation. The good work of Callum Waters was not continued with the same effectiveness by the Waters future generations, despite the name ‘calmon’ being retained. Calmon took a big reputational hit as other fisherman improved their cooking techniques with many locals being unsure as to whether to purchase ‘calmon or salmon (varying quality)’ at this point.

The final straw in the family business lifespan came from ‘gammon’ producers entering the market in 1865. The story follows that many locals would try to collect customers from other towns at times and current ‘calmon’ producer John Waters sometimes would travel a couple of hours to shout out “COME TO TEIGNMOUTH AND TRY MY FRESH CALMON”. Unfortunately, the pronunciation of “g” and “c” are similar to the untrained ear, which you will discover when pronouncing ‘gammon’ and ‘calmon’ to yourself.

What this led to was customers taking the advice to travel hours on the idea they were buying fresh gammon and the anger was palpable when they would find what they considered to be ‘salmon’ at the market stalls at Teignmouth. Many expletive transcripts were found regarding the ‘calmon business’ during this time. One unnamed Brixton local said “Why on god’s green earth is this man hoodwinking me into trying to buy fish, with the new gammon trade on the market… I knew I couldn’t trust a man called ‘Waters’ to sell me farm product”. Many others expressed similar sentiments – why the need for two names of the same product. There was a collective depression in the Waters family when it became obvious that the reputational damage, combined with the impracticalities of ‘calmon’ meant that business tradition had to be abandoned.

Fortunately, this story has a positive ending. Although members of the Waters family now are employed in a diverse number of sectors throughout Devon, a favourite past-time for the family is to take out their small fishing boat out every Sunday into the Atlantic coast in the mission of catching… yes you guessed it, “CALMON”!

submitted by /u/Wadster76 [link] [comments] via Blogger https://ift.tt/2UWF13w

#Blogger #Story

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ebenalconstruct · 5 years

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Government injects £2.7bn to build six hospitals

The Government has pledged to fund the largest hospital building programme in a generation with potentially more than 40 projects.

At its core, the new Health Infrastructure Plan will see £2.7bn injected into publicly funding six new large hospital projects by 2025.

A further 21 NHS Trusts will get a share of £100m of seed funding they need to develop business cases for 34 upgrade and new-build projects within the next decade.

Six projects to be publicly funded with £2.7bn Region Trust Site Location London Barts Health NHS Trust Whipps Cross University Hospital North East London London Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust St Helier Hospital South West London North East and Yorkshire Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds General Infirmary Leeds East The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust Princess Alexandra Hospital Harlow Midlands University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester General, Leicester Royal, Glenfield Leicester East West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust Watford General Watford 21 trusts to share £100m seed funding for plans (2025-2030) East Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust Addenbrookes Cambridge South West Dorset Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Various (potentially 12) community hospitals Dorset South East East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust Conquest, Eastbourne District Hospitals Hastings; Eastbourne South East Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital Winchester; Basingstoke London Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust The Hillingdon Hospital North West London London Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Charing Cross, St Mary’s and Hammersmith Hospitals West and Central London East James Paget University Hospitals NHS Trust James Paget Hospital Great Yarmouth Midlands Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust Kettering General Hospital Kettering North West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Royal Preston Hospital Preston East Milton Keynes NHS Foundation Trust Milton Keynes Hospital Milton Keynes South West North Devon Healthcare NHS Trust North Devon District Hospital Barnstaple Midlands Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham City Hospital Nottingham North West Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust North Manchester General Hospital North Manchester South West Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Derriford Hospital Plymouth South East Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust Royal Berkshire Hospital Reading South West Royal Cornwall NHS Foundation Trust Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro South West Royal United Bath NHS Foundation Trust Royal United Bath Hospital Bath South West Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust Musgrove Park Hospital Taunton South West Torbay and South Devon Health Care NHS Trust Torbay District General Torquay North West University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust Royal Lancaster Infirmary and Furness General Hospital Lancaster; Barrow- in-Furness East West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust West Suffolk Hospital Bury St Edmunds

Fresh investment is on top of the extra £33.9bn a year by 2023 to 2024 that the government is providing to the NHS.

It follows the government’s recent commitment of £1.8bn in capital funding for 20 hospital upgrades and other critical infrastructure works for the NHS.

Chief executive of NHS Providers, Chris Hopson said: “We welcome the government’s intention to fund a further 21 schemes between 2025 and 2030 and the £100m for those organisations to start work on developing those projects, noting that the funding to actually compete those schemes remains to be allocated.

“The NHS has been starved of capital since 2010. There’s a £6bn maintenance backlog, £3bn of it safety critical. It’s not just these six hospitals who have crumbling, outdated, infrastructure – community and mental health trusts, ambulance services and other hospitals across the country have equally pressing needs.”

from http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/09/29/government-injects-2-7bn-to-build-six-hospitals/

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jaigeddes · 5 years

Text

Government injects £2.7bn to build six hospitals

The Government has pledged to fund the largest hospital building programme in a generation with potentially more than 40 projects.

At its core, the new Health Infrastructure Plan will see £2.7bn injected into publicly funding six new large hospital projects by 2025.

A further 21 NHS Trusts will get a share of £100m of seed funding they need to develop business cases for 34 upgrade and new-build projects within the next decade.

Fresh investment is on top of the extra £33.9bn a year by 2023 to 2024 that the government is providing to the NHS.

It follows the government’s recent commitment of £1.8bn in capital funding for 20 hospital upgrades and other critical infrastructure works for the NHS.

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eatingexeter · 6 years

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DEVON: Delightful, Edible, Variety, Outdoors, Nourishing.

Five words we can think of relating to our incredibly rich, tasty and hardworking county, but there are certainly many more words to describe the assortment of food and drink available to us from our waters, moors and everything inbetween.

The best way to be exposed to as many great producers as possible? Food and Drink festivals of course!

Here’s our round up of the upcoming 2018 Food Festivals in Devon as well as a couple from Cornwall. We’ve included website links for each festival as well as links to our review of the previous events for a feel of what you can expect.

This page will be updated constantly if other events pop up, or when we know more info has been released so do come back to double check if you’re looking for an event to visit. In the meantime, get the dates in your calendar!

If you know of a great food or drink event we haven’t included, then feel free to message us on any of our social media platforms, or email [email protected]

April

14th April: Cullompton Springfest

Check their Facebook page for further info.

A food, craft and music festival; there will be a Farmer’s Market, plus a range of food producers selling their food products as well as cooked food to sell on the day. Local restaurant, The Bakehouse, will be hosting an Indian Cuisine night and there is a special meal at The Walronds on the night (ticket only), with a celebrity chef doing the honours.

May

5th, 6th and 7th May: Exeter Food and Drink Festival

Check their website for further info.

Last years write up: Exeter Festival of South West Food and Drink 2017

In our opinion, the largest event in the South West and based in Exeter city centre in the grounds of Exeter Castle. An excellent festival including evening music events, live music during the day, beer tent, kids cookery and activity tents, farm animals, plenty of food to eat, producers and no shortage of tasters – come hungry! Demo kitchen, chef’s Q&A, wine tasting as well as a VIP option with an extra room full of treats and a place to rest your weary legs.

6th May: Salcombe Crab Fest

Check out their website for further info.

Last years write up: Salcombe Crab Fest 2017

A free one day festival spread around Salcombe quay and town is a celebration of crab and seafood – with demos from chef and restauratuer Mitch Tonks, crab picking tuition, commercial crab fishing talk, crab pot making, music, wine tasting and more. The programme of events will be available on their website from March.

26th – 27th May: River Cottage Spring Fair

Check their website for further info.

On the grounds of the famous River Cottage HQ at Axminster, this festival is full of food, music and producers in a fantastic setting, albeit not as accessible as some, so do check access if you have prams or wheelchair needs etc. Cookery line up includes Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Tom Kerridge, Guy & Geetie Singh-Watson and Gill Meller, to name a few, with more to be announced. There are workshops to book, tours to venture on as well as various kids activities. Additional activities do cost a bit extra so be sure to take plenty of cash or prebook through the website to ensure a place.

27th – 28th May: Dartington Food Fair

Check their website for further info.

Our write up from 2016: Dartington Food Fair 2016

A free event, with a small parking charge, the food fair is held in the grounds of the Shops at Dartington. This fab food fair includes a demo tent, large food producers tent, plenty of food to eat, along with a few kids activities. On top of that you can enjoy the deli, the kitchen shop, toy shop as well as the drinks shop. A great excuse to visit this lovely ‘shopping village’ which champions local food and drink.

June

1st – 3rd June: Plymouth Flavour Fest

Check their website for further info.

Now in it’s 15th year, Plymouth Flavour Fest is quite a large food festival spread out through Plymouth city centre. Food stalls, producers, drinks marquee and chef demo tent with the star chef for the event being Masterchef Judge, John Torode who will be cooking on the Saturday. Extended trading times, evening entertainment, children’s engagement programme and a continental market also feature this year. 2018 details are yet to be released fully.

2nd June: Ottery St Mary Food and Families Festival

Check their website for further info.

Now in its 6th year, this event is aimed at foodies and all the family, encouraging healthy eating and showcasing local produce and restaurants. More info is yet to be released but last year over 5,000 people joined in the fun at local eateries, enjoyed tasting local produce from the food stalls and the children were well entertained inside and out.

9th – 10th June: Crediton Food Festival

Check their website for further info.

Now in it’s 10th year, this event is held in the town centre and is great for food stalls, music and demos.

16th – 17th June: Q’fest BBQ Competition, Festival and Camping

Check their website for further info.

Held at Red Rock Brewery in Bishopsteignton, this newbie to the food scene is now in it’s second year. Driven by the increased interest in UK BBQ’ing, smoking and outdoor cooking, the event features a major BBQ competition. For visitors there will be camping, product stalls, BBQ cooking demos, bouncy castles for the kids, food and drink of course, live music in the barn as well as the opportunity to taste some of the best BBQ in the country.

July

15th July: Pen’Grillie’ BBQ Festival

Check out their website for further info.

Held at Pentillie Castle, to the east of Plymouth, this event is now in it’s 3rd year and is a lovely event consisting of BBQ competitions, live music, chilli eating competition, kids activity tent, food and product stalls, smoking and grilling demos, all in a beautiful setting.

August

12th August: Rockfish Crab Fest, Dartmouth South Embankment

Check their website for further info

The Rockfish Crab Festival is now in its 7th year, championed by restaurateur Mitch Tonks, it celebrates all that is great about our British crab. Enjoy music, local crab, children’s crabbing competition & the best-dressed table competition – that’s the table not the guests! Bring bunting, table linen, flowers, candelabra, whatever you fancy. Guaranteed fun & guaranteed weather-proofing with a marquee! This is a ticketed event, and further info will be released in due course on their website.

September

1st September: Nourish Festival, Bovey Tracey

Check their website for further info.

2015’s write up by Editor, Chris, can be read here.

Bovey Tracey’s Fore Street gets transformed for this music, food, craft festival and Devon Street Food Awards. There will also be two evenings of concerts. More info to be released soon.

2nd September: Clovelly Lobster and Crab Festival

Check their website for further info.

A unique and beautiful place, Clovelly celebrates its famous lobsters and crabs sustainably caught by its fishermen with a great day out for all the family. This year is its 10th Anniversary.

7th, 8th & 9th September: Topsham Beer and Bacon Festival

This little festival is not all fancy and big – it’s perfectly formed and organised by the guys at The Pig and Pallet/Good Game. A beer tent, some bacon and pork based food stalls, a side loader truck opened up for the live music to perform on, and right in front of The Lighter Inn on Topsham Quay. If you’re local, be sure to pop down for a good time.

8th: Ashburton Food & Drink Festival

Check their Facebook page for more info.

This free festival offers a full day of local foodie delights and entertainment. There’ll be over 60 stalls and music and entertainment together with talks, wine tasting and cooking demos.

16th – 17th: Plymouth Seafood Festival

Check their website for further info.

The website states “The Barbican and Sutton Harbour will come alive on Saturday 15 to Sunday 16 September, with a celebration of locally sourced and sustainably caught, high quality seafood.”

With Plymouth having the second largest fish market in the UK, events spread across this harbourside city includes cookery theatre with well known regional chefs, food stalls, crabbing competition, and a cardboard boat race amongst other activities!

22nd – 23rd September: The Great Food & Drink Show

Check their website for further info.

This is a brand new show, being held at Westpoint in Exeter, featuring some serious food heavyweights such as chefs Tom Kerridge and Jean Christophe Novelli. The weekend will include workshops, South West food and drink producers as well as a selection of restaurants and eateries. More information being released gradually but having spoken with the organiser, it sounds like it’s going to be a very exciting, large event. When you buy a ticket, you can also opt in to be in with a chance of winning a place on their Ready, Steady, Cook challenge!

Date TBC: Taste of the Teign and Teignmouth Harbour Festival

Check their website for further info.

A week long food event that will include Smokeinteignhead, a newly added BBQ competition. Various events are held and venues and include Tea on the Teign, jam making workshops, an evening in the orchard, Fry Up Friday, street food market, farmers market and culminating with a food fair.

October

6th – 7th October: Powderham Food Festival

Check their website for further info.

Last years write up: Powderham Food Festival 2016.

Held inside Powderham Castle and around the beautiful grounds, this fabulous festival includes a Theatre of Fire and Smoke, food stalls, producers, drinks, items for sale, free cookery classes for kids by Fun Kitchen, demo kitchen with local great chefs including Exeter Cookery School and some live music.

19th – 21st: Dartmouth Food Festival

Check their website for further details.

Held all along the harbour with plenty of street entertainers, food stalls, products, children’s activities and demos to be enjoyed as well as special offers in restaurants.

______

Some of the above events we have visited and some we haven’t so it’s a mix of knowledge, opinion and information gathered from the websites. Please check websites or organisers directly regarding prices, parking and accessibility. Feel free to tag us on social media if you visit any!

2018 Devon Food and Drink Festivals for your Diary DEVON: Delightful, Edible, Variety, Outdoors, Nourishing. Five words we can think of relating to our incredibly rich, tasty and hardworking county, but there are certainly many more words to describe the assortment of food and drink available to us from our waters, moors and everything inbetween.

#bbq #days out #family friendly #festival #fire #food and drink festival #food gifts #going out #outdoor cooking #outdoor events #Smoking #visit devon

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Genealogical Resources in English Repositories – 648 page hardback for 1 Cent – Just pay $8 p&h

We’ve still got several large cases of Moulton’s Genealogical Resources in English Repositories on hand. We ran a big promo on these last year, but still need to move what we have left to make warehouse space for new titles. For this reason, we’ve decided to sell them for just 1 cent. USA buyers, just pick up the p&h of $8.00. So – for $8.01 USA purchasers can have what is most likely the best overall list of British resources in print. The book initially sold for $45. If printed today, it would more than likely be $75 or more. The book is now over 20 years old, and the PRO in England has had many changes in where you’ll find their resources. So you might have to use Google to search for the exact location of any particular PRO resource (A tiny minority of overall resources). The book will tells what resources are available – and it’s worth a lot more than the p&h cost…

CLICK HERE, ON THE ILLUSTRATION, OR ANY OF THE LINKS TO ORDER.

Following is a review written several years ago: While the information so nicely gathered into this single book, Genealogical Resources in English Repositories, can be found in many other locations; sometimes, it is nice to have this type of information in one place, as a quick and easy reference. This book represents an exhaustive listing of available genealogical resources available in Britain. Listed in these pages are major national archives and libraries, repositories in the greater London area, and county by county listings. This book is also the winner of the National Genealogical Society’s 1993 Book Award for Excellence in Genealogical Methods and Sources.

Genealogical Resources was designed to provide “genealogists and historians with…information on resources in the key repositories in England. It categorizes manuscript records, as well as printed, transcribed and microfilm materials, with respect to their contents, and in most instances, lists covering dates.” Originally intended to help Americans find ancestral information.

County listings represent the bulk of the information. Each county opens with a short review of local geographical and political/administrative boundary changes made over the years. The listing of each library, archive, records office, or other repository is complete with address (mostly likely not changed over the years), phone number (possibly changed over the years), and holdings of genealogical value (which most likely have only expanded over the years). Publications of possible interest are also listed.

Please note that there have been significant changes in the PRO over the years, and it might be necessary to use Google to locate the exact location of some records listed within this volume.

While this book predates web usage as we know it today (including Google), is still serves as a great one-stop listing for finding genealogically important holding in England. Think of running a search at Google for English repositories, then reducing the results to an accurate, non-repeating listing of resources and then printing those results with a listing of holdings at each repository. That pretty well describes Genealogical Resources in English Repositories.

Each book comes with a 1992 and 1996 update supplement. Just having the names of the various repositories gives the reader the name to search for when using the Internet. Get a copy of Genealogical Resources in English Repositories for yourself or your favorite society’s library.

Contents

Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations List of Symbols

Part I: Greater London Repositories

Baptist Church House British Library, Department of Manuscripts British Library, India Office Library and Records British Library Newspaper Library College of Arms Corporation of London Record Office Guildhall Library House of Lords Record Office Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland Lambeth Palace Library LDS Hyde Park Family History Centre National Army Museum National Maritime Museum Principal Registry of the Family Division, Somerset House Public Record Office, Chancery Lane Public Record Office, Kew Public Record Office, Portugal Street Religious Society of Friends Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts Society of Genealogists Unitarian Historical Society Untied Reformed Church History Society United Synagogue, Archives of Wesley Historical Society Library Westminster, Diocesan Archives Dr. Williams’ Library

Part II: County Repositories (summarized)

Each county listing includes:

Record Office(s)

Other Repositories

Genealogical and Family History Societies

A few counties and metropolitan areas include sections for:

Metropolitan District Archives and Local History Libraries, OR

District Archives and Libraries

Counties are listed alphabetically as follows:

Avon

Befordshire

Berkshire

Buckinghamshire

Cambridgeshire

Cheshire

Cleveland

Cornwall

Cumberland

Cumbria

Derbyshire

Devon(shire)

Dorset

Durham

Essex

Gloucestershire

Hampshire

Hereford and Worcester

Hereforshire

Hertfordshire

Humberside

Huntingdonshiore

Kent

Lancashire

Leicstershire

Lincolnshire

London, County of Manchester, Greater

Meseyside

Middlesex

Midlands, West

Norfolk

Northamptonshire

Northumberland

Nottinghamshire

Oxfordshire

Rutland

Shropshire

Somerset

Staffordshire

Suffolk

Suffolk, East

Suffolk, West

Surrey

Sussex

Sussex, East

Sussex, West

Tyne and Wear

Warwickshire

Westmorland

Wight, Isle of

Wiltshire

Worcestershire

Yorkshire, East Riding

Yorkshire, North Riding

Yorkshire, West Riding

Yorkshire, North

Yorkshire, South

Yorkshire, West

Part III: London Borough Repositories

Greater London

Barking and Dagenham

Valence Reference Library

Barking Central Library

Barnet

Local History Library

Chipping Barnet Library

Church End (Finchley) Library

Bexley

Bexley Libraries and Museum Department

Brent

Grange Museum of Local History

Bromley

Bromley Central Library

Camden

Swiss Cottage Library

Holborn Library

Croydon

Croydon Public Libraries

Ealing

Local History Library

Enfield

Local History Unit

Greenwich

Greenwich Local History and Archives Centre

Hackney

Hackney Archives and Local History Department

Hammersmith and Fulham

Hammersmith and Fulham Archives

Haringey

Haringey Libraries

Harrow

Harrow Civic Centre Library

Havering

Havering Central Library

Hillingdon

Hillingdon Local History Collection

Hounslow

Chiswick Public Library

Brentford Public Library

Hounslow Public Library

Feltham Public Library

Islington

Islington Central Library

Finsbury Library

Kensington and Chelsea, Royal Borough of

Kensington Central Library

Chelsea Library

Kingston upon Thames, Royal Borough of

Kingston upon Thames Heritage Service

Lambeth

Lambeth Archives Department

Lewisham

Lewisham Library Service

Merton

Mitcham Library

Morden Library

Wembledon Reference Library

Newham

Local Studies Library

Redbridge

Redbridge Central Library

Richmond upon Thames

Richmond upon Thames Central Reference Library

Twickenham Reference Library

Southwark

Southwark Local Studies Library

Sutton

Sutton Central Library

Tower Hamlets

Tower Hamlets Central Library

Waltham Forest

Vestry House Museum

Wandsworth

Battersea District Library

City of Westminster

Westminster City Archives Department

Marylebone Library Archives Department

Other Repositories

LDS Family History Centre (Staines)

Genealogical and Family History Societies

Central Middlesex Family History Society

North Middlesex Family History Society

West Middlesex Family History Society

Waltham Forest Family History Society

Woolwich and District Family History Society

Appendix: Useful Addresses

Index

Maps (enlarged)

Pre-1974 Counties of England

Post-1974 Counties of England

Post-1965 London Boroughs

Supplements

Supplement to Genealogical Resources in English Repositories (1992)

1996 Supplement Update: Genealogical Resources in English Repositories

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