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charlieslowartsies · 2 years

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17, 22, 25, 29 for the Weird Questions for Writers

Thank you for asking these aaaa

17. Talk to me about the minutiae of your current WIP. Tell me about the lore, the history, the detail, the things that won’t make it in the text.

We do not have time for the lore that is the FNAF timeline. I don’t even have time for it all in the KGA, hilariously enough. I’ve had to cherry pick and beat my sandcastles into a passable attempt at a coherent storyline and the sand gets wetter with each new FNAF related thing that is released. I hope its working. I don’t think my tower is up to code, but it’s a pretty tower.

However I am pretty proud of the upcoming plot stuff in terms of the characters getting either their comeuppance or much needed closure. I’ve set up almost all the hints by now for the major secret—well, I think it’s the most important one! It’s been my favorite to work on. There’s obviously other mysteries going on inside the Pizza Plex. I’ll try and answer them all, and hope the DLC doesn’t have to be entirely ignored if I want to write more KGA stuff. (It already looks like it will but…fuck it. This is why I call it an au. The second Mike stepped into Fazbear’s Fright with the Fazgang that storyline rocketed down its own path, and I’ve had to accept that.)

One thing I settled on early—I liked Vanessa’s character/presence. I like what she added to SB, although I wish we had better endings and perhaps more things to find that fleshed her out. She’s one of the few people Mike meets that he thinks Freddy Fazbear will approve of and even respect. That doesn’t happen often. I did not want her to be ‘the bitch’ and I did not want her to be a villain for evil’s sake either. I want her to be as complex as Max was when he first entered Last Shift. I mentioned before I’m mashing two or three endings of SB together for Lies Within. I still am, and she is included in the ending. I also did not want romance, either, between her and Mike. She needs help, yes, but help comes in a lot of different ways and I do not like ‘we spent 6 hours together and decided it was love.’ That’s not a message I think is realistic and I don’t want to focus on it, especially not when we have Mike’s previous relationships right behind him pretty constantly. *glances at a certain overprotective Puppet*

There’s a very jarring scene I’m trying to reconcile with. I want it to happen, it CAN work into the storyline, it DOES makes sense. But it hurts. A lot. It depends on far I want to go when I reference Devil’s Spine. If it does end up happening, I promise I’ll do it justice.

Plenty of things aren’t making the final cut to Lies Within. I unfortunately had this brilliant idea for an opening plotline that came to me around chapter 5. 8T There’s no way to salvage the concept either, because it would have hit better as the opening ‘act’ for Lies Within. I had this idea that Marion erased Mike’s memories to protect them from Glitchtrap’s clutches and he sent them to the Pizza Plex to work while he and the gang tried to recover lost ground. Goldy had gotten so damaged during an unseen fight with Glitchtrap too, so Mike was powerless. Max had his memory, and was there to keep an eye on their reckless night guard. Sunny and Moon were also in on the trick, and they had taken a liking to Mike too.

Another thing was Springtrap was going to be in this fic. I decided that didn’t really match the whole “Spring/Afton are dead and gone” point I made in Last Shift. (After all, we were told he was gone in FF, and Afton got back into Springtrap. Why would now be any different? Nah. I don’t wanna contradict my writing if I can avoid it.) Even if the characters are assuming differently, which is part of the fun of a mystery. What’s real and what’s not? Especially when we know things the characters don’t ;)

AFN 2 is nearly ready for its release. Lies Within is getting dark fast, and back when I was writing Ghost Strings I came up with the idea to explore the world using those episodic adventures. I’m solving the whole ‘I miss Springtrap’ thing by giving him his missing scenes that never made into FF. (I like the time jump I did, but it def left me hanging in some parts.)

One of the main themes for Mari’s plotline was and still is: “Just because someone is different doesn’t make them bad” but he’s also getting some more development in answering for his own past transgressions, such as how hard he’s been on Michael Afton.

I’m still working on the details for Max’s ending in this series. I think I have a good idea, and while it will be a happy one, it will also be melancholy one too. I don’t like using Loss for unneeded drama, if I make a character suffer I want them to learn from it, teach another character, or work to get what they lost back. Sometimes they have to earn it; sometimes we do get what we want even when we think we won’t. and sometimes, like perhaps in this zombie’s case, he’s learned enough and just deserves Something Nice for once.

22. How organized are you with your writing? Describe to me your organization method, if it exists. What tools do you use? Notebooks? Binders? Apps? The Cloud?

I started this process with London Bridge and kept it going until Lies Within. (As well as every other fic around that time in various fandoms, with a few exceptions. For example, my TF fic Resonance is written entirely in ONE document bc I wrote it in two weeks.)

I have a single word doc called ‘fic title NOTES.’ And in that doc is everything from the title ideas, there’s usually 5-6 of them until I pick one I like. There’s the summary, as well as all the necessary quotes.

Then I make a rough estimate of chapter titles. This is usually wrong, but I try. LB had 8 chapters and I actually kept the fic in that first guess. LS was supposed to be 12 and ended up being 24.

Then I name chapter titles that I think sound cool or interesting.

Then I just start writing in a new document. I don’t really plan. I go back and rewrite into the Notes Doc what happened after the chapter is finished and ready to be posted. Sometimes if I go ‘okay next chapter I need this scene to happen’ I will do that. But mostly I write down conflict to resolution across the chapter list. For ex:

LS chapter X: Freddy and the gang shut down by Henry/Marion. Resolves in chapter X because of: and a short note why/how so I don’t forget something.

Sometimes shit resolves in that same chapter, such as Max almost biting it in chapter 10 of LW. Sometimes it don’t, and sometimes, like in Finding Freddy, the conflict sets up for the following story, (Springtrap being Possessed again and escaping) so I make note of that.

I do work backwards. I don’t know why. I just write for fun but when working with a mystery/thriller, I recognize I need some level of organization to get my ducks in a row in time for curtain close.

25. What is a weird, hyper-specific detail you know about one of your characters that is completely irrelevant to the story?

Mike Schmidt is half Mexican. Mostly because I am too, so he’s got my skin tone (well the one I get in the summer.) Representation matters, kids. He also has the running joke as me, his wife and my girlfriend are pasty white and they learned Spanish better than he/I did lmao. Entirely immaterial but a fun detail!

A second, maybe not as useless to know but kind of: When Mike is bonded with Golden Freddy, he cannot swim. A computer’s response is to short circuit and turn off, so that’s what poor Fredbear does, and Mike sinks like a stone lmao. Obviously he avoids pools/lakes but he can still shower fine. Baths make him secondhand nervous though.

29. Where do you draw your inspiration? What do you do when the inspiration well runs dry?

Music, and reading mostly. I can also keep my writing juju-bees going by drawing or illustration a scene I’m having trouble describing. It’s mostly why there’s so much art for Make Believe and the KGA! When the well runs dry, I usually just need to take a break and I switch to doodles or read a new book. Horror is preferred. Lately my favorite author is Riley Sager, The Last Time I Lied is def a recommend.

#knight guard au #answered #kga #writing

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netherzon · 11 months

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So as I was looking for songs for a playlist I discovered there are a bunch of clips from AFN news reports, weather reports, ads, interviews etc on spotify with almost zero information. I don't know when this is from exactly, but its a bunch of short news stories which makes it too long to add to the playlist itself so I decided to just post it here. It's just a really fascinating 4min snapshot from history to me. I would recommend listening to it if you can, but I'm gonna do my best to transcribe it as recorded under the read more too

"According to a report in this morning's VZ, two policemen and a demonstrator were injured and four people were arrested when police and [idk] clashed on Heinrich Heine Platz in the city's Kreuzberg area Saturday night. According to local police the rioting lasted approximately five hours and a total of 150 police were required at the scene to break up the fighting. During the scuffle rioters reportedly lobbed empty bottles, paving stones, and even a training hand grenade at the law enforcement officials."

"88 year old Rudolf Hess is still at the British military hospital being treated for pleurisy. According to the newspaper BZ, the son of the convicted Nazi war criminal, 44 year old Wolf Rüdiger Hess, has accused British authorities of subjecting his father to an undignified and degrading treatment at the hospital. According to the younger Hess, his father is being subjected to a prison like regiment there. Hess said that he was appealed--- has appealed to the British government authorities to seek a solution to his father's imprisonment, and let him die in peace among family members. Rudolf Hess is currently serving a life imprisonment term at the Spandau war k prison crime crimes prison, which is being operated by the victors of World War 2. The newspaper BZ reported yesterday that a British spokesman has rejected the claims made by Hess's son, saying that they are not justified."

"Saturday night two masked bandits broke into a Grunewald villa while the residents were sitting in front of their television. According to the newspaper Bild-Zeitung, the bandits were armed with pistols when they entered the 38 year old real estate broker's house. According to local police the robbers made off with jewelry worth half a million marks in cash, and in cash robbery. They robbed...half a million marks worth in cash"

"According to the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, police in the East German city of [idk] recently nabbed a 19 year old thief with the help of a dog. According to the story, the 19 year old stole a large amount of money and then went looking for a safe place to hide it. Enter the dog, well at least the dog house for now. The man saw an empty dog house and decided that would be probably the last place police would look for stolen cash. He might've been right, but he'll never really know for sure because the dog took exception to having his living quarters occupied by a bag of money, and he pulled it out. According to the paper, the dog wasn't satisfied by simply removing the bag. He decided to get even with it for moving in on him while he was out, and he tore into the bag and sent money flying everywhere as he ripped the container to bits. That exposed the youth as the thief, and the police came and arrested him."

"The Protestant churches in both East and West Germany will hold simultaneous prayers for peace this fall. According to the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, the prayers will be read in all Protestant churches in East and West Germany, calling for the preservation of world peace. The prayer services will be held on November 7th, at the beginning of Peace Week which is celebrated in all the Protestant churches and their communities throughout Germany."

"Just ahead of much more music here is Berlin area weather: today we'll have mostly clear skies with a high of 79 degrees Fahrenheit or 26 Celsius. Tonight we'll have partly cloudy skies, there's a chance of thunder showers, and the low should reach 57 degrees Fahrenheit or 14 Celsius. Tomorrow partly cloudy to cloudy skies with isolated rain showers and a high of 75 degrees Fahrenheit or 24 Celsius. Presently in the city its 79 degrees Fahrenheit 26 Celsius. I'm Army Private Cambria Robinson at AFN Berlin, where on 88 FM you can hear the sounds of the big bands tonight at 9:05 with Mark White."

#yeah I put the clip about the history of the USAF's parachutes in the playlist #what of it?#I will not be swayed #prison crime crimes prison continues to make me laugh #sorry Cambria #you were fine overall #just something about the phrase 'crimes prison' really gets me #Spotify

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vote2 · 1 year

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I didnt havs pbs or cable i had afn i cant participate in the fun polls i had one "family/kids" channel that played pokemon and yugioh nothing specific to them. And then after i moved to england had afn and local english channels all i watched was horrible histories

#and a lot of simpsons we had a box set of seasons 1-3

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womenshomelessness · 1 year

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References

Abramovich, A. (2016). Preventing, reducing and ending LGBTQ2S youth homelessness: The need for targeted strategies. Social Inclusion, 4(4), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.669.

Ancil, G. S. (2018). Canada, the perpetrator: The legacy of systematic violence and the contemporary crisis of missing and murdered indigenous women and girls. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2018.

Assembly of First Nations (AFN). (2013). Fact Sheet - First Nations Housing on Reserve. https://www.afn.ca/uploads/files/housing/factsheet-housing.pdf.

Bingham, B., Moniruzzaman, A., Patterson, M., Sareen, J., Distasio, J., O'Neil, J., & Somers, J. M. (2019). Gender differences among indigenous canadians experiencing homelessness and mental illness. BMC Psychology, 7(1), 57-57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0331-y.

Brandon, J., Peters, E. J., & Manitoba Research Alliance. (2014). Moving to the city: housing and Aboriginal migration to Winnipeg. CCPA (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives). https://policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/Manitoba%20Office/2014/12/Aboriginal_Migration.pdf.

Bretherton, J. (2017). Reconsidering Gender in Homelesness. European Journal of Homelessness, 11(1), 1-21. https://www.feantsaresearch.org/download/feantsa-ejh-11-1_a1-v045913941269604492255.pdf.

Burns, V. F., Sussman, T., & Bourgeois-Guérin, V. (2018). Later-life homelessness as disenfranchised grief. Canadian Journal on Aging, 37(2), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980818000090.

Clifford, B., Wilson, A., & Harris, P. (2019). Homelessness, health and the policy process: A literature review. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 123(11), 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.08.011.

Dyck, L. E., & Patterson, D. G. (2015). On-reserve Housing and Infrastructure: Recommendations for Change, Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples. Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples. https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/Committee/412/appa/rep/rep12jun15-e.pdf.

Kauppi, C., Pallard, H., & Stephen, G. (2013). Societal constraints, systemic disadvantages, and homelessness. An individual case study, 11(7), 8.

Levine-Rasky, C. (2011). Intersectionality theory applied to whiteness and middle-classness. Social Identities, 17(2), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2011.558377.

MacTaggart, S. L. (2015). Lessons from history: The recent applicability of matrimonial property and human rights legislation on reserve lands in canada. The University of Western Ontario Journal of Legal Studies, 6(2).

Mashford-Pringle, A., Skura, C., Stutz, S., & Yohathasan, T. (2021). What we heard: Indigenous Peoples and COVID-19. Public Health Agency of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/corporate/publications/chief-public-health-officer-reports-state-public-health-canada/from-risk-resilience-equity-approach-covid-19/indigenous-peoples-covid-19-report/cpho-wwh-report-en.pdf.

Milaney, K., Tremblay, R., Bristowe, S., & Ramage, K. (2020). Welcome to canada: Why are family emergency shelters ‘Home’ for recent newcomers? Societies, 10(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc10020037.

Nishnawbe Aski Nation & Together Design Lab (NANTDL). (2018). Nishnawbe Aski Nation response to the First Nations National Housing and Infrastructure Strategy. Nishnawbe Aski Nation. http://www.nan.on.ca/upload/documents/nan-housing_position_paper-final.pdf.

O’Donnell, V., Wallace, S. (2011). First Nations, Métis and Inuit Women. Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 89-503-X. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11442-eng.pdf?st=1wx3UPy6.

Palmater, P. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada. Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action. https://pampalmater.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/P.-Palmater-FAFIA-Submission-COVID19-Impacts-on-Indigenous-Women-and-Girls-in-Canada-June-19-2020-final.pdf.

Robson, R. (2008). Suffering An Excessive Burden: Housing as a Health Determinant in the First Nations Community of Northwestern Ontario. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 28(1), 71-87. http://ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/suffering-excessive-burden-housing-as-health/docview/218084458/se-2.

Schwan, K., Versteegh, A., Perri, M., Caplan, R., Baig, K., Dej, E., Jenkinson, J., Brais, H., Eiboff, F., & PahlevanChaleshtari, T. (2020). The State of Women’s Housing Need & Homelessness in Canada: A Literature Review. Hache, A., Nelson, A., Kratochvil, E., & Malenfant, J. (Eds). Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press.

Statistics Canada. (2017, October 25). The housing conditions of Aboriginal people in Canada. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016021/98-200-x2016021-eng.cfm.

Waegemakers Schiff, J., Schiff, R., & Turner, A. (2016). Rural homelessness in western canada: Lessons learned from diverse communities. Social Inclusion, 4(4), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.633.

Yakubovich, A. R., & Maki, K. (2022). Preventing gender-based homelessness in canada duringthe COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: The need to account for violence against women. Violence Against Women, 28(10), 2587-2599. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211034202.

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cropforlife · 2 years

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Extracting new worth from Asia’s agrifood waste streams

Vandana Dhaul is chief operating officer at ID Capital, Singapore. The views expressed in this guest commentary are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect those of AFN. The days of more than one third of Asia’s food getting lost and wasted have to be consigned to the rubbish heap of history – and fast. It is not just a humanitarian duty; it is also good business practice, as much of…

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rmpmw · 2 years

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First Air Force Supports US Space Command as ‘Air Forces Space’

TYNDALL AFB, Fla. (AFNS) —

The Department of Defense designated First Air Force as ‘Air Forces Space’ (AFSPACE), and the fifth service component to U.S. Space Command May 3.

The change postures First Air Force to provide airpower expertise and advocacy in support of USSPACECOM’s mission to conduct operations in, from and to space while integrating space power into the support of First Air Force’s homeland defense mission.

“As USSPACECOM continues to achieve key milestones towards reaching Full Operational Capability, the designation of AFSPACE and the realignment of Human Space Flight Support activities under AFSPACE demonstrates the rapid pace at which the command and components are moving to provide a safe and secure space environment,” said U.S. Army Gen. James H. Dickinson, U.S. Space Command commander. “AFSPACE has achieved an Initial Operating Capability, and like USSPACECOM, is at a point where it can credibly claim to be organized and effective for employing our enduring, no-fail supporting functions to the joint force and civil partners.”

Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. named First Air Force as the USSPACECOM air component in February 2021. Following that, Gen. Mark Kelly, commander of Air Combat Command, established an Operational Planning Team to determine the resources required to meet the short and long-term demands for this new mission.

ACC is the force provider for AFSPACE, and existing Continental U.S. NORAD Region and Air Forces Northern roles, responsibilities and authorities.

On July 15, 2021, First Air Force, now AFSPACE, assumed the operational command and control of the Human Space Flight Support, or HSFS, mission, which was previously executed by the Combined Force Space Component Command at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. This First Air Force mission is executed through its assigned Detachment 3 based at Patrick Space Force Base, Florida.

Det. 3, formerly commanded by Space Launch Delta 45, realigned under First Air Force during a redesignation and change of command ceremony held at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida, also that day. Air Force Lt. Gen. Kirk Pierce, commander, First Air Force, Continental U.S. NORAD Region, AFNORTH, and now AFSPACE, affirmed his team’s commitment to USSPACECOM.

“Space-based capabilities enable virtually every element of our national power, including diplomatic, information, military and economic,” said Pierce. “It’s an honor to support that larger picture with our actions at a personal level. This includes our new responsibility to plan, train and execute worldwide rescue and recovery of NASA astronauts during contingency operations.”

Human Space Flight Support operations are conducted by the Department of Defense when requested by NASA, and validated by the DoD. These operations include the contingency search and rescue of NASA and NASA-sponsored astronauts.

For all crewed space flights, Det. 3 oversees the training and posturing of rescue forces on alert at Patrick Space Force Base, Joint Base Charleston, South Carolina, and Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. Additionally, Det. 3 is responsible for coordinating astronaut rescue and recovery, contingency landing site support, payload security, medical support, coordination of airlift/sealift for contingency operations, as well as other support services required in the event of a spacecraft emergency.

Det. 3 has a long and distinguished history working closely with NASA to plan and coordinate DoD rescue, recovery, and retrieval support for their crewed space missions.

“It’s immensely satisfying to take another step forward in the larger leap in our role as the Air Force component to U.S. Space Command,” Pierce said. “The First Air Force team appreciates being a valued joint partner in the defense of the Homeland in the air and space domains.”

CONR-1 AF (AFNORTH and AFSPACE) Public Affairs

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bookloversofbath · 2 years

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From Chain Drive to Turbocharger: The A.F.N. Story :: Denis Jenkinson

From Chain Drive to Turbocharger: The A.F.N. Story :: Denis Jenkinson soon to be presented for sale on the superior BookLovers of Bath web site! Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens, 1984, Hardback in dust wrapper. Includes: Black & white photographs; Tables; Frontispiece; Photographic lining papers; Appendices (8); From the cover: The AFN story is a long and fascinating one of triumphs, intrigues…

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flyingpurplepeopleeater42 · 3 years

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Listen. Listen! *SCREAMS*

Shshshscscscsvdvvdvdvdvdvdvdvvddvdvdvdvd I screamed. Loudly. I'm still so hyped. AFN YHEY APPARENTLY KISSED AND I MISSED THAT ICONIC TELEVISION HISTORY MOMENT?!?!?! GSGSCSCCSCSVSVSVDVDVVDVDVDVDVDVVDVDVDVDVDVD I AM LOOSING IT

YDHDJDJDJJDMDKDKKDKDJDJDJ I AGREE WITH EVERYTHING HDJDJDJDJJDJD MÅNESKIN MY BELOVED YOU JUST KISSED AND MADE 200 FUCKING MILLION PEOPLE WATCH IT AND I JUST WANNA SCREAM MY FUCKING LUNGS OUT BUT ITS 3 AM SO I CANT AND JUST AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH

#esc #ask

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coochiequeens · 3 years

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WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio (AFNS) --

February is the celebration of African American history and the accomplishments of Black people around the world. There are many female pioneers in African American history with various accomplishments that come to mind. Some of these pioneers are Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Rosa Parks, Madam C.J. Walker and Shirley Chisholm. Many black women also broke barriers while serving in the U.S. Military. These women worked on the front lines or provided support to U.S. soldiers and civilian employees.

#African-American women in military history #Staff Sgt Joyce B. Malone #Command Sgt Maj Mildred C. Kelly #Maj. Gen. Marcelite J. Harris #Brig. Gen. Hazel W. Johnson-Brown #Sgt. Daniel Wilson

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antifainternational · 6 years

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30 Anti-Fascist Actions: #30

Since we started this tumblr in 2014, we’ve brought you news of literally thousands of anti-fascist actions around the world. Yet one of the most common questions we get asked is “what can I do?” To help celebrate our 4th anniversary month, everyday in June we’re posting at least one real-life example of anti-fascist action that we’ve reported on in the last four years that you could replicate or take inspiration from! 30) Read And Share! OK, every day in June we’ve re-blogged an antifa action that we reported on at some point in our collective’s four-year history. We hope it inspired you & gave you some ideas for stuff you can pull off where you live. Now, here’s a list of more resources to tap into (many of which you can download, print, and distribute!):

40 Ways To Fight Nazis - a downloadable/printable guide from Showing Up For Racial Justice, available in both a long version and a short version Our guide to joining or starting an antifa crew: + bonus tips + more bonus tips Our Antifa F.A.Q. - downloadable & printable! Anti Fascist Network’s guide to starting an antifa chapter AFN’s list of antifa resources How to form an antifa group The Anti-Fascist Network flyerAnti-immigration raid posters from the Anti-Raids Network Destroying White Nationalism - a 12-page downloadable comic we put out! Anti-fascist & anti-racist posters and images from 1000 Blackbirds Common-sense security precautions when approaching other antifa crews Anti-doxing guide for antifa Computer Security Tips downloadable guide How to set up an antifa neighbourhod watch Downloadable International Anti-Fascist Defence Fund flyer Downloadable antifa flyer about Charlottesville Anti-Fascism = Self-Defense: downloadable anarchist flyer from Crimethinc Opposing fascism in the extreme metal scene: downloadable in English; in Italian; and in French. How to make a kick-ass antifa banner How to fuck up an immigration raid (UK) What to do when ICE comes knocking (in English & Spanish) (US) Bust Cards for UK antifa “To The Charlottesville Anti-Fascists” - amazing downloadable/printable pamphlet/statement (in English) from collectif mères solidaires (set your printer to print double-sided, flip on short edge)

BTW, you’ll find a lot of these + some more quality stuff at Death To Fascism - a resource site for antifascist crews with tons of downloadable/printable material to choose from!

#antifa #antifascist #antifascism #antiracist #antiracism #30 antifa actions

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messoamerica · 6 years

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Indigenous protesters willing to put ‘lives on the line’ to fight Kinder Morgan

A coalition of First Nations chiefs from across Canada warned the government that it might be miscalculating Indigenous resistance to the Kinder Morgan pipeline project.

“I think that we’re witnessing the beginning of what will likely become the largest civil disobedience in Canadian history,” Khelsilem, an elected council member of the Squamish Nation who goes by his traditional Squamish name, told reporters Wednesday.

“Our people are willing to put our lives on the line.”

Chiefs from Manitoba, Quebec and B.C. spoke to reporters in a press conference at the Assembly of First Nations special meeting on federal legislation Wednesday. Among the participants of the anti-Kinder Morgan press conference were two AFN leadership candidates, Grand Chief Sheila North of Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak and Kahnawake Mohawk Russ Diabo.

North warned that there is Canada-wide support for the B.C. First Nations who are fighting the pipeline expansion project.

“First Nations across the country are watching, are going to see how this is going to play out,” said North. “We’re also ready to come to the aid of First Nations and our brothers and sisters in B.C. and Alberta who are concerned about this.”

She clarified that if it comes to it, many grassroots people will answer a call to commit civil disobedience in resistance to the pipeline project.

#kinder morgan #indigenous #news #indigenous resistance #pipeline #environmentalism #canada

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newbisskey · 3 years

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Latest New PowerVU Keys for All TV Channels List here working Update 2021

PowerVu is a conditional access system for digital television developed by Scientific Atlanta. It is used for professional broadcasting, notably by Retevision, Bloomberg Television, Discovery Channel, AFRTS, ABS-CBN, GMA Network, and American Forces Network. It is also used by cable companies to prevent viewing by unauthorized viewers and non-cable subscribers. PowerVu has decoders that decode signals from certain satellites for cable distribution services. These decoders can also be used just like the FTA (Free-To-Air) satellite receivers if properly configured.

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HERE All TV Channels Latest PowerVU Keys Update 2021

Today Update October 03-10-2021 SIS-Live BETFRED TV (TTV) Astra 4.8°E 11727 H 27500 Key 00: 1B CD 02 B6 14 3B F4 Key 01: 68 38 63 FE 0D AD 11 14.07.2021 Discovery Networks 4.8* E 12322 V 27500 4.8* E 12360 V 27500 0.8° W 12303 V 27500 Key 00: 45 76 77 AC 2B 3B 86 Key 01: EB ED 5B 64 3C E1 92 09.07.2021 Apstar 7 - 76,5° E 3880 H 30000 , 3/4 (C_band) DVB-S2 /8PSK /MPEG-4 Provider : 00EFF9 Disney Channel (Disney Network) P 0000 00: FE E9 98 AB BE 89 4D P 0000 01: 63 0D 02 DB 34 48 22 01.07.2021 Discovery Europe 4.8°E - 12322 V 27500 5/6 (MPEG-4) Key00: 53 44 E3 A0 90 8F 10 Key01: AE F5 13 0D FA 7F 66 27.06.2021 Fox Networks Group SES-6 @ 40.5'West Freq. 4095 R 30000 DVB-S2 /8PSK /MPEG-4 Fox Brasil HD National Geographic Brasil HD FX Brasil HD Fox Life Brasil HD Nat Geo Wild Brasil HD Fox Sports Brasil HD Fox Sports 2 Brasil HD Nat Geo Kids Brasil HD Freq. 3980 L 21600 ESPN ESPN Brasil HD ESPN INET HD ESPN Brasil ESPN + HD [HIDE] KEY 00: 38 DC C0 0E 9D B1 87 KEY 01: 23 A2 A5 B5 5D 0F 6F 25.06.2021 Measat 3A @ 91.5E Beam (Global) C-Band 3880 H 29720 - 5/6 DVB S2 MPEG4 HD GEM Asia BBC Earth Asia BBC CBeebies Asia BBC Lifestyle Asia P 0150 00 02 B7 68 1B 20 66 84 3880H29720 ----------------- P 0150 01 06 B3 30 1A 6A BD AD 3880H29720 14.04.2021 SIS-Live BETFRED TV (TTV) Astra 4.8°E 12149 H 27500 - 3/4 12419 H 27500 - 3/4 PowerVU [0x0E00] Key 00: 1B CD 02 B6 14 3B F4 Key 01: 68 38 63 FE 0D AD 11 12.05.2021 Disney Channel (Disney Network) Apstar 7 - 76,5° E 3880 H 30000 , 3/4 (C_band) DVB-S2 /8PSK /MPEG-4 Provider : 00EFF9 P 0000 00: D4 5E B5 BF A1 67 81 P 0000 01: 72 2A C9 C7 AC 0F A0 16.04.2021 IntelSat-19 @166.0°E TP 4180 H 30000 2/3 (Beam - West hemi) DVB-S2 / 8PSK / MPEG-4 Package: ABS - CBN P 0000 00: B2 AA 7A 83 AA FE 9D P 0000 01: 7B CC 0B 8D 23 F3 84 07.04.2021 IntelSat-20 @68.5E TP: 4065 H 19850 BBC WORLD NEWS 00: 1C FE 37 9F 1D B5 22 01: 65 46 B4 E6 C9 E9 A2 24.02.2021 Sony Six HD Sony Six SD Asiasat 7 at 105.5E 4180 V 30000 DVBS2 MPEG4 HD Key 00: 11 37 54 C6 C0 CE E1 Key 01: 09 10 92 7B E3 F5 CF 16.02.2021 Intelsat 20 at 68.5°E 3740 H 30000 DVBS2 MPEG4 HD Discovery Channel India, Animal Planet India, Discovery Science India, Discovery Turbo India, TLC India, Discovery Kids India, Investigation Discovery India. Key:00= 25 FF C2 54 DE 16 9A Key:01= 15 90 7A E2 2A 00 D4 13.01.2021 Intelsat 34 - 55.5°W 3890 H 3333, 5/6 (Beam - Americas & Europe) DVB-S PFC Internacional (O CANAL DO FUTEBOL) P 0000 00: B8 8C 10 06 B8 52 90 P 0000 01: 19 85 C4 8D 82 25 74 09.10.2020 SES-6 @ 40.5°W 4073 L 3330 HD 4:2:0 ID: TV Pública HD 0137 key 00: 56 DB B9 8D BA 63 4D key 01: 2B 3E CB 02 34 CB 71 16.09.2020 Apstar 7 - 76,5 ° E 3920 H 28340, 5/6 (Beam - Asia C _band) DVB-S /QPSK /MPEG-4 /HEVC Provider : 1122 SPE Networks Asia ( AXN Networks) P 0000 00: 93 36 94 D7 69 4C CB P 0000 01: 06 35 82 7E 91 2E 06 16.09.2020 Intelsat 20 - 68,5° E 4196 H 4000, 1/2 (Beam - Landmass) DVB-S2 /QPSK /MPEG-2 Sky News International ECM key's : Provider : 00EEB0 & 00EE27 P 00 : CF 8F 8E BA 32 86 A4 P 01 : 1D 11 A6 86 3D 85 16 ECM AU key's : Provider : 02AD1064 P 90 : A1 FD A4 AD A2 6A EB P 91 : 73 63 8C 91 AD 69 59 12.09.2020 Telstar 18 @138.0E 3703 H 4441 SID :001E [30] MPEG4 /HD /PVU AXN Philippines HD P 00: 93 36 94 D7 69 4C CB P 01: 06 35 82 7E 91 2E 06 23.07.2019 AFN Eutelsat 9.0°E 11804.00 MHz - Pol. V - SR 27500 FEC: 2/3 - Standard: DVB-S2 Modulation: 8PSK KEY 00: B4 12 D6 23 38 B5 B0 KEY 01: 67 5C 08 EE FE 78 4A Next 14.06.2020 Teleippica 1 - EMM Key valid 14.06.2020 (16E-12699 H 9880) P 004E8EC0 00 C574482270F77E ; expired P 004E9002 00 339D50F5A6EB4D ; valid P 004F2AB5 00 47A1C66FE78F9A ; valid P 0052B933 00 52CE687BDA3265 ; valid Teleippica 2 - EMM Key valid 14.06.2020 (16E-12653 H 11111) P 0050E5A1 00 814EAED71CC782 ; valid P 00528BF2 00 FBDF2752B5A9E1 ; valid P 0053B631 00 7AB8E5D9F5F5C0 ; valid 18.05.2020 ECM KEY COLLECTION IN REGION AMERICA 101W SES-1 3840V [2020/05/15 22:09:19.006] P 0000 00 20516E76F2B4FB ; ECM Key0 [Valid, PowerVuEmmsWithPatterns-[EPIXDI-HD].txt] ------ [2020/05/15 22:09:19.015] P 0000 01 9F3457FCD32AFD ; ECM Key1 [Valid, PowerVuEmmsWithPatterns-[EPIXDI-HD].txt] ------ [2020/05/15 22:09:19.026] P 00678DFF 00 4EFD7E4956172F ; EMM Key [Valid, PowerVuEmmsWithPatterns-[EPIXDI-HD].txt] 27.03.2020 MeaSat 3A - 91,5°E 3717 H 7500 , 3/4 (Beam - Global) DVB-S2 /8PSK /MPEG-4 - Viva Entertainment - K Movies Pinoy - TMC - PBO P 0000 00: AF 86 B8 C3 BC CA B3 P 0000 01: A0 EE 88 B2 FC 16 CE 22.03.2020 Measat 3 at 91.5E 3760 V 29720 3960 H 29700 C-BAND CI HD CI HD - Regional LOAD M3 TV HD History HD Key 00: 93 36 94 D7 69 4C CB Key 01: 06 35 82 7E 91 2E 06 21.03.2020 MEASAT-3A @91.5°E TP:4120 V 29720 - GEM - SET ONE (BM) HD - ONE INDO HD Key 00: 59 37 40 EA 8A 04 F6 Key 01: 70 1D B9 E5 94 63 11 14.03.2020 Measat 3 at 91.5°East 4000 H 29700 (C Band) HITS HD Key 00: AD EC D5 9C 76 48 E4 Key 01: DE 6B 49 0B E7 5E 84 29.02.2020 History TV HD BBC Earth Asia HD BBC Lifestyle Asia HD BBC CBeebies Asia HD BBC CBeebies MEASAT 3A (91.5°E) 3840 V 29720 Key 00: 02 B7 68 1B 20 66 84 Key 01: 06 B3 30 1A 6A BD AD 29.02.2020 Universal Networks - DIVA APSTAR 7 (76.5°E) 3720 H 29620 Key 00: 01 23 45 67 89 AB CD Key 01: 82 C0 EF D8 2E AF 93 29.02.2020 Setanta Sports Asia HD MeaSat 3A - 91,5°e 4120 H 30000, 5/6 (Beam - Global) DVB-S2 /8PSK /MPEG-4/HD Key 00: F8 4B 7F BC 08 7A AF Key 01: BB 6E E9 BF D1 3D 33 23.02.2020 Intelsat 20 - 68,5° E 4064 H 19850 - 7/8 (Beam - Landmass) DVB-S /MPEG-2 BBC World News South Asia P 0000 00: A9 76 3E CE 19 31 2C P 0000 01: 63 F7 A8 FB BF 6B EF 13.02.2020 TELSTAR-18 @138°E TP:3700 V 4444 TP:3700 H 4444 SID:001E AXN PH HD Key 00: AD 5C DB A9 91 50 5A Key 01: 1E 13 76 FD 07 FB 13 20.01.2020 IntelSat-20 @68.5E TP: 3975 H 19500 HBO INDIA Key 00: 42 87 1C D4 A5 7B 0C Key 01: BD 9B 6F 49 81 2D 27 20.01.2020 [email protected]¤E Freq.3857 V 5926 Provider: 00EF99,00EEC4 GMA Network Key 00: FB 85 B8 CA 21 36 7E Key 01: C5 B9 B6 2B AA 5B E0 12.01.2020 Measat 91.E 3761 V 29700 C-BAND CI HD CI HD - Regional LOAD M3 TV HD MOVIE CHANNEL History HD P 00: AD EC D5 9C 76 48 E4 P 01: DE 6B 49 0B E7 5E 84 01.01.2020 GMA Network / GPTV Apstar-7 @76.5E TeleStar 18 @138 .0°E 3858 V 5925 3840 H 4444 3834 H 3600 Key 00: 69 50 03 0E 3F 7A 2D Key 01: 33 73 94 17 B8 70 13 21.12.2019 ApStar-7 @76.5°E 3840 H 29620 DIVA HD E! HD E! PHILIPPINES KEY 00: 01 23 45 67 89 AB CD KEY 01: 82 C0 EF D8 2E AF 93 13.11.2019 Intelsat 19 166.00°E 3900 H 30000 BBC World News Asia Pacific HD P 0000 00 116F238DF24B55 P 0000 01 6546B4E6C9E9A2 29.10.2019 15°W 12707 H 3700 The Fight Network EMM-KEYS P 0015 005D8013 22C3627C45D633 P 0015 0060A424 6C01ECC7ADC342 P 0015 0060AF19 723F737A57370E P 0015 00612C35 A800B5CF633602 P 0015 00612C62 F5003FD8BE08A2 26.10.2019 Intelsat 19 166.00°E 03940 H 27690 TV5 Monde Pacifique HD Key 00: 16 DE 19 9D A4 4B D4 Key 01: AC F7 0F 8E B1 98 65 10.10.2019 MeaSat-3A @91.5E FREQ: 3960 H 29700 HISTORY-HD Key 00: AD EC D5 9C 76 48 E4 Key 01: DE 6B 49 0B E7 5E 84 05.10.2019 Sony Pictures Network Intelsat 17 (66.0°E) TP: 3845 H 30000 DVBS2 MPEG4 HD Key 00: 69 65 18 BA 91 08 1E Key 01: 76 F4 88 59 2C 0E C6 02.10.2019 Telstar 12 Vantage @ 15°WEST 11568 H 2678 FEC 2/3 DVB-S2 8PSK MPEG 4 - HDTV - 4:2:0 BYU TV for oscam hash P 451AF323 GROUP 0151 P 0151FFFF 00 56596630737AE2 P 0151FFFF 01 5D52F62E082733 P 0151 00648E11 D8E6985B24D02C 21.09.2019 CARTOON NETWORK Asiasat 7 @105.5E 3760 H 26000 7/8 DVBS P 0000 00 F3 56 DD 8F D8 B2 92 P 0000 01 B1 8C D6 53 1E 05 6A 11.09.2019 Apstar 7 at 76.5°East TP: 3920 H 28340 AXN NETWORK Key 00: 01 4C 7A ED 0A 04 12 Key 01: AA 29 D2 96 81 CB B7 08.09.2019 Intelsat 20 at 68.5°E 3974 V 19850 DVBS2 MPEG4 HD APL - Aux DSC - Aux (ECM) 00: 1B 6D 85 44 64 9F 0B (ECM) 01: 97 10 BD 1B BD D4 08 31.08.2019 NSS 57 at 57.0°E 4133 R 11250 DVBS2 MPEG4 HD Colors TV Sports 24 Sky Sports (ECM) 00: 9E AB 7F FD 1C 86 86 00 (ECM) 01: 61 AA 34 3D F8 F0 C8 00 31.08.2019 AsiaSat-7 @105.5E TP: 4100 V 29720 TRACE URBAN ASIA TRACE SPORT STARS 00: 98 6D E3 D2 83 A7 83 01: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30.08.2019 HBO INDIA Intelsat 20 (IS-20) 68.5° East 3975 H 19850 - MPEG.4/SD 00: 42 87 1C D4 A5 7B 0C 01: BD 9B 6F 49 81 2D 27 29.08.2019 15.0W 11569 H 2677 BYU TV Global P 015100CD 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU Swe – Fin, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CD 01 5D52F62E082733 EU Swe – Fin, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D4 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Arm – Bul, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D4 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Arm – Bul, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CF 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Dut – Man, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CF 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Dut – Man, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D3 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Efi – Ara, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D3 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Efi – Ara, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D6 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Fre, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D6 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Fre, 15W, 11568 H P 015100C9 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Ger, 15W, 11568 H P 015100C9 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Ger, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CB 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Ita, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CB 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Ita, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D5 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Por, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D5 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Por, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CE 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Rus, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CE 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Rus, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D7 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Eng – Spa, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D7 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Eng – Spa, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D2 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Est – Ukr, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D2 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Est – Ukr, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D0 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Hun – Rom, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D0 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Hun – Rom, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CC 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Nor – Dan, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CC 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Nor – Dan, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D1 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Pol – Alb, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D1 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Pol – Alb, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CA 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Spa – Por, 15W, 11568 H P 015100CA 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Spa – Por, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D9 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Far – Lat, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D9 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Far – Lat, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D8 00 65CAA4ABC614BC EU: Gre – Cze, 15W, 11568 H P 015100D8 01 5D52F62E082733 EU: Gre – Cze, 15W, 11568 H P 015100648E11 D8E6985B24D02C ;EMM Key 29.08.2019 Sports 24 HD NSS 57E 4135 H 13000 Band C 5/6 (MPEG-4) Key00: 9EAB 7FFD1C 868600 Key01: 61AA 343DF8 F0C800 16.08.2019 CARTOON NETWORK AsiaSat-7 @105.5E 3960 H 27500 MPEG.2/SD Key 00: DC 5C 97 F4 9B 7D E1 Key 01: C6 D7 A4 D5 5C 79 44 23.07.2019 Sony Pictures Network Intelsat 20 (68.5°E) TP: 3900 H 22222 P 0000 00 5C 32 D5 EB 5B E4 EF P 0000 01 21 26 86 0A C8 22 05 18.07.2019 PBO NETWORK MEASAT 3A (91.5°E) 3717 H 7500 Key 00: 51 5B 21 DA 38 C5 96 Key 01: 83 39 B7 D7 6F 02 12 16.07.2019 AFN Eutelsat 9.0°E 11804-V-27500 166.0°E 3860-H-28000 177.0°W 3646-R-28000 180.0°E 4174-L-3680 113.0°E 12590-V-28000 **12670-V-28000 64.2°E 4093-L-3680 Intelsat 903 @ 34.5° West – 4126 L 3680 Eutelsat 9.0°E 11804-V-27500 KEY 00: D0 D8 A1 95 D8 9A AB KEY 01: BB 39 E0 C1 13 28 DE 14.07.2019 Syfy Brasil HD 40 W TP 4047V (R) 5900 P 0138 00 D181FAE2688BB3 SYFY BRASIL HD ----- P 0138 01 1FAC3ADE34DE8D SYFY BRASIL HD ----- P 013A 00 D181FAE2688BB3 STUDIO UNIVERSAL BRASIL HD ----- P 013A 01 1FAC3ADE34DE8D STUDIO UNIVERSAL BRASIL HD Currently with a signal above 62% it is locking and pricking 11.07.2019 NBCU E! Entertainment Intelsat 20 68.5E 12562 V 2866 1/2 - DVB-S2/QPSK H.264 [4:2:0] Key0: A9 76 3E CE 19 31 2C Key1: 63 F7 A8 FB BF 6B EF 14.04.2019 COLORS TV - SKY SPORTS SPORTS 24 HD NSS-12 @57.0°E 4095 V 30000 Dish size 8ft) Lnb C with Fiber Teflon patti support with C band Lnb sgnals KEY 00: 9C A4 85 1B B6 44 5A KEY 01: 66 C7 16 24 2F 39 40 19.03.2019 HBO INDIA Intelsat 20 (IS-20) 68.5° East 3976 H 19500 00: 00 00 30 FE AE A3 F2 01: 00 00 30 FE AE A4 58 18.12.2018 Wobi Latinamerica 40.5°W 4056 R 2220 3/4 P 004D599A 00 31580D1F2C537C 12.12.2018 EFE TV 30°W 12561 H 4683 (New TP) ECMKEY0= 191F1B713B6777 27.11.2018 APL Japan , Discovery Asia Intelsat 19 166.00°E 4080 V 30000 00: 25 FF C2 54 DE 16 9A 01: 15 90 7A E2 2A 00 D4 14.11.2018 BYU TV Global 15.0W FREQ: 11569 H 2677 Key 00: 65 CA A4 AB C6 14 BC Key 01: 5D 52 F6 2E 08 27 33 11.11.2018 Discovery SEA - Vietnamese, Science Southeast Asia, Science Southeast Asia, Eve Southeast Asia Discovery Asia, Discovery Malaysia HD, TLC Malaysia HD intelsat 19 166.00°E 04040 V 30000 P 0000 00 0B F3 0F A0 4E 8C FC P 0000 01 42 D0 7D 96 D5 96 16 25.10.2018 40.5W SU Bra HD (SU 19) SyFy Bra HD (SF18) (4047R) P 0000 00 2F 6B 46 F9 FE D0 0F P 0000 01 65 49 B5 F0 85 DB 29

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babyawacs · 3 years

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gwendolynlerman · 6 years

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Discovering the world

Afghanistan 🇦🇫

Basic facts

Official name: د افغانستان اسلامي امارت (Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat [Pashto])/امارت اسلامی افغانستان (Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afghānistān [Persian]) (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan)

Capital city: Kabul

Population: 42 million (2023)

Demonym: Afghan

Type of government: unitary totalitarian theocratic Islamic emirate

Head of state: Hibatullah Akhundzada (Supreme Leader)

Head of government: Abdul Kabir (Prime Minister)

Gross domestic product (GDP) (purchasing power parity, PPP): international $67.13 billion (2021)

Gini coefficient of wealth inequality: 65.5% (high) (2019)

Human Development Index: 0.478 (low) (2021)

Currency: afghani (AFN)

Fun fact: Women in Afghanistan earned the right to vote in 1919, one year before their counterparts in the United States.

Etymology

Some scholars suggest that Afghān is derived from the Sanskrit word Aśvakan, which literally means “horsemen” and was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the Hindu Kush mountain range. Historically, it was used to refer to ethnic Pashtuns.

“-stan” is a Persian suffix meaning “place of”, so “Afghanistan” translates to “land of the Afghans” or “land of the Pashtuns”. The term was first officially used in 1855, when the British recognized Dost Mohammad Khan as king of Afghanistan.

Geography

Afghanistan is a landlocked country located between Central and South Asia. It borders China and Tajikistan to the northeast, Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the southwest, Turkmenistan to the northwest, and Uzbekistan to the north. Its strategic position due to its easy access to many Asian regions has turned it into a battleground for global superpowers, such as the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, none have managed to control the Afghanistan for long, which is why it is known as the “graveyard of empires”.

There are several climates: desert in the south, humid continental and subartic in the mountains, Mediterranean in the west, and semi-arid in the rest of the country. As a result, extreme temperatures ranging from -25 °C (-13 °F) to 43 °C (109.4 °F) have been registered. The average annual temperature is 12.6 °C (54.6 °F).

The country is divided into 34 provinces (wilayat), and these in turn are divided into 421 provincial districts (wuleswali). The largest cities in Afghanistan are Kabul, Kandahar, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif.

History

3300-2350 BCE: Helmand culture

7th-6th centuries BCE: Median dynasty

550-330 BCE: Achaemenid Empire

330-305 BCE: Seleucid Empire

305-185 BCE: Maurya Empire

185-145 BCE: Indo–Greek Kingdom

145-124 BCE: Indo–Scythian Kingdom

124 BCE-19 CE: Parthian Empire

19-226: Indo–Parthian Kingdom

30-375: Kushan Empire

224-365: Sasanian Empire

320-450: Kidarites

450-665: Hephthalites

642: Arab Muslims bring Islam to Afghanistan

665-822: Turk Shahis

822-870: Hindu Shahis

870-977: Saffarid dynasty

977-1186: Ghaznavid Empire

1186-1215: Ghurid dynasty

1215-1219: Anushtegin dynasty

1219-1370: Mongol Empire

1290-1320: Khalji dynasty

1370-1507: Timurid Empire

1501-1736: Safavid Empire

1501-1785: Khanate of Bukhara

1520-1554: Arghun dynasty

1526-1857: Mughal Empire

1709-1738: Hotak dynasty

1738-1747: Afsharid dynasty

1747-1823: Durrani Empire

1747-1892: Maimana Khanate

1793-1863: Emirate of Herat

1818-1855: Emirate of Kandahar

1823-1855: Emirate of Kabul

1838-1842: First Anglo–Afghan War

1839-1842: Durrani Kingdom

1842-1926: Emirate of Afghanistan

1863-1869: First Afghan Civil War

1878-1880: Second Anglo–Afghan War

1879-1919: British protectorate of Afghanistan

1919: Third Anglo–Afghan War; Afghan independence from the United Kingdom; demarcation of the Durand Line

1926-1973: Kingdom of Afghanistan

1928-1929: Second Afghan Civil War

1944-1947: Khost disturbances

1973-1978: Republic of Afghanistan

1978-1987: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

1979-1989: Soviet–Afghan War

1987-1992: Republic of Afghanistan

1989-1992: Third Afghan Civil War

1992-1996: Islamic State of Afghanistan; Fourth Afghan Civil War

1996-2001: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; Fifth Afghan Civil War

2001-2014: Operation Enduring Freedom

2001-2004: Afghan Interim and Transitional Administration

2004-2021: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

2015-2021: Operation Freedom’s Sentinel

2015-present: Islamic State–Taliban conflict

2021: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; beginning of the republican insurgency

Economy

Despite Afghanistan’s abundant mineral deposits, it remains one of the world’s least developed countries due to its rough physical geography, landlocked status, and political instability. The country’s imports, which mostly come from China, Iran, and Pakistan, are vastly superior to its exports, which largely are in the form of fruits and nuts and go to India and Pakistan.

Its service sector contributes the most to the GDP (56%), followed by agriculture (23%) and industry (21%). Nevertheless, agricultural production is the backbone of Afghanistan’s economy, employing about 40% of the workforce. The country is known for its apricots, grapes, pomegranates, rugs, and saffron. It is also the world’s largest producer of opium.

Afghanistan is a member of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and has observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).

Demographics

Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic and multilingual country, with fourteen recognized ethnic groups, of which the largest ones are the Pashtun (52%), Tajik (27%), Hazara (9%), and Uzbek (8%). Islam is the official religion of the country, and around 99% of the population is Muslim, with 90% of them being Sunni and 7% Shia. There are also some Christian, Hindu, and Sikh communities.

Although Afghanistan has a negative net migration, its fertility rate of 4.6 births per woman pushes the population up. Only 26% of the population lives in cities, which is one of the lowest figures in the world, and only the capital city has over a million residents. Life expectancy is 66 years and the median age is 18.4 years. The literacy rate is 43%, 55% for men and 30% for women.

When the Taliban came into power in 2021, they restricted women’s rights and mobility by imposing a ban on secondary education for girls, enforcing a strict dress code, and forbidding them from leaving the house without a male guardian (mahram).

Languages

The official languages of the country are Dari, often referred to as Farsi and spoken by 78% of the population, and Pashto, spoken by 50% of the population. Dari, a Western Iranian language from the Indo-European family, is the official name for Persian in the country and widely used as a lingua franca by different ethnic groups. Pashto, an Eastern Iranian language, is also widely spoken but not commonly spoken by non-Pashtuns.

Other commonly-spoken languages are Uzbek (10%), English (5%), Turkmen (2%), and Urdu (2%). Turkmen and Uzbek are both Turkic languages and official in areas where the majority speaks them.

Culture

Family is the pillar of life in Afghanistan, and family’s interests supersede personal desires and obligations to one’s ethnic group. Afghans are culturally Persian and Turkic. Pashtuns follow the Pashtunwali (the Pashtun lifestyle), whose key tenets are hospitality, the provision of sanctuary to those seeking refuge, and revenge for the shedding of blood.

Afghan clothing typically consists of shalwar kameez, a combination of trousers (shalwar) and a long shirt or tunic (kameez), especially perahan tunban and khet partug. Women normally wear a chador for head covering, although highly conservative ones wear a burqa, a full body clothing that covers the eyes with a mesh screen. Since the Taliban takeover, all women are required to wear it. Men wear chapans as coats and karakuls—peaked and made from black sheep fur—and pakols—woolen, flat, and round-topped in earthy colors—as hats.

Households are large and multigenerational, with an average size of 7.8 people, as it is rare for married couples to move out of their parents’ houses due to economic circumstances. Endogamous marriages with parallel and cross-cousins are preferred. Polygyny is legal if the man proves he can economically support all the wives. Divorce is rare and stigmatized.

Architecture

Afghanistan’s architecture reflects the country’s location at the crossroads of Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Iranian plateau, as well as Buddhist, Greek, Islamic, and Zoroastrian influences.

The stupa is a traditional mound-like construction containing Buddhist relics. Traditional Islamic constructions include mausoleums, minarets, and mosques. The traditional architecture of the country is characterized by stone foundations, brick and timber frames, wooden beams, mud and bamboo roofs, and mud and straw walls, although concrete houses are now increasingly common.

Cuisine

The Afghan diet is based on barley, dairy products, fruit, maize, rice, vegetables, and wheat. A typical meal consists of meat, naan bread, rice, tea, and yogurt. Typical dishes include aushak (pasta dumplings filled with chives, with tomato sauce, and topped with yogurt and dried mint), chapli kabab (a minced kebab with spices in the shape of a patty), qabeli palaw (steamed rice with almonds, caramelized carrots and raisins, and marinated lamb meat), qormah (an onion- and tomato-based stew served with white rice), and qoroot (a dairy product made with dehydrated yogurt combined with salt and shaped into small balls).

Holidays and festivals

Afghanistan’s year starts with Nowruz, the Persian New Year, which falls on the spring equinox and started as a Zoroastrian celebration. It is celebrated with music, dance, and buzkashi tournaments, which is a sport in which horse-mounted players attempt to place a goat carcass in a goal.

Yalda commemorates the ancient goddess Mithra and marks the longest night of the year on the eve of the winter solstice. Families gather together to recite poetry and eat fruits.

Other religious festivals include Ashura, which takes place on the first month of the Islamic calendar and mourns the death of prophet Muhammad’s grandson of prophet Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali; Ramadan, the ninth month and a period of fasting, prayer, and reflection, and Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan. The Sikh community celebrates the spring harvest on Vaisakhi, which falls on April 13 or 14, and the festival of light known as Diwali is celebrated by the Hindu community between mid-October and mid-November.

Landmarks

There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam and the Cultural Remains of the Bamyan Valley. Both were damaged or destroyed by the Taliban in 2018 and 2001, respectively. The Minaret of Jam is located in a remote region of the Shahrak District, Ghōr Province, next to the Hari River. The 65-meter-high minaret was built around 1190 and is famous for its intricate brick, stucco, and glazed tile decoration that consists of bands of Kufic and Naskhi calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur’an. Unfortunately, it is in imminent danger of collapse due to centuries of neglect and frequent floods.

The Buddhas of Bamyan were two statues carved into the side of a cliff in Bamyan Province. The smaller Buddha was 38 meters tall and built around 570 CE, while the larger one was 55 meters and built around 618 CE. The statues were destroyed after the Taliban government declared that they were idols.

Other landmarks include Bagh-e Babur (Gardens of Babur) in Kabul, which includes several terraced buildings, a mosque, and the tomb of the first Mughal emperor Babur; the town of Balkh in Balkh Province, which was an ancient place of religions such as Buddhism and Zoroastrianism and has numerous places of interest, including the madrasa of Sayed Subhan Quli Khan, Haji Piyada Mosque, and the tomb of poet Rabia Balkhi; Band-e Amir National Park, which contains a series of intense blue lakes that formed from mineral-rich water, and the city of Herat in Herat Province, which was an important center of intellectual and artistic life and includes monuments such as the Citadel of Alexander, the Great Mosque of Herat, and the Musallah Complex.

Great Mosque of Herat

Famous people

Ahmad Khan Mahmidzada - actor

Azita Ghanizada - actress

Fatima Bhutto - writer

Jem Cohen - filmmaker

Naghma - singer

Najibullah Zadran - cricketer

Qahar Asi - poet

Siddiq Barmak - movie director and producer

Vida Samadzai - actress and model

Zarifa Ghafari - youngest mayor

Zarifa Ghafari

You can read about life in Afghanistan before the 2021 Taliban takeover here and watch a documentary about life under the Taliban here.

#discoveringtheworld #langblr #dari #fari #persian #pashto

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