#ive reached the conclusion that a mix of both is quite good
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Part V (2/3): chapters 58~60
Chapter 58
[About Sukuna’s fingers resonating with one another]
"The ones that possess an immense presence. The ones that are hiding. The ones that are already taken in by cursed spirits."
⇒ "1) The ones with too big presences. 2) The ones holding their breath. 3) The ones already absorbed by cursed spirits."
I added the numbers for explanation purposes, see below.
"One of Sukuna's fingers was hidden by a cursed spirit. When Itadori consumed the finger in June, it released its cursed energy"
⇒ "The Sukuna fingers that had been absorbed were holding back their power [while] inside cursed spirits. Then they unleashed their cursed energy with Itadori's incarnation [of Sukuna] in June serving as a trigger."
Whelp. On top of extremely simplifying the explanation, they mixed up the kind of Sukuna finger involved here - it was very explicitly stated in the text that it was number 3) "absorbed" (assimilated) fingers, and not 2) "hiding" fingers.
I guess saying that Itadori consumed the finger isn't wrong plot wise but it's actually referred to (here and many times more in the manga) as "incarnation"! The same word also gets used for the death painting brothers.
[Megumi remembering a conversation with Gojou]
"I was surprised you asked me to train you"
⇒ "It's rare for you to ask me for a practice, Megumi"
"To train you" wasn't wrong but Gojou saying "it's rare" here points to it either happening occasionally or having happened in the past and I'm not sure "I was surprised" quite conveys that.
"Are you feeling pressure because of Yuji's growth?"
⇒ "Did you get impatient after getting surpassed by Yuuji?"
Gojou actually says that Yuuji has surpassed Megumi here! Quite a different nuance from just "Yuji's growth".
"Megumi, your skill and potential are probably higher than Yuji's. All that’s left is the mental aspect"
⇒ “You know, Megumi, I think that both your real ability and potential are in no way inferior to Yuuji's. (...)"
Emphasis mine because pray tell, how does one reach the conclusion that "don't lose out to"/"aren't inferior to" equals to "are probably higher". “Skill” was fine btw but I’d probably go with “mindset” for the last line, personally.
[Gojou explaining why he thinks Megumi doesn’t know how to make a serious effort giving the baseball game as an example]
“Why did you bunt? You sacrificed yourself so that Nobara could advance. Well, good for you"
⇒ "Why did you make a sacrifice bunt? Did you want to advance Nobara to the next base even if it meant you'd be out yourself? That's commendable"
The nuance for the last line was just different - the word used there usually is just used as praise, either genuine or ironic but imo “good for you” has a different meaning. Also he says “out” but it’s written as “death” (although that is sometimes the case in baseball as well.)
“But no matter how many allies you have around you, you'll always die alone"
⇒ “(...) when you die, you’re alone”
I tried to phrase it a bit closer to the original because I feel like the nuance may just be different for this line but can’t quite put a finger on the how.
[Gojou to Megumi]
"To die and then win, and dying victoriously are two completely different things, Megumi"
⇒ "To win by dying and to win even if you die are completely different, Megumi"
Emphasis by Gege. Ngl, I had no clue what the English was trying to say here… This is most likely what the line actually meant.
[Megumi regaining his consciousness after he blacked out from getting hit]
"How long was I out? Was my divine dog destroyed? No, my technique's finished"
Actually "my technique got undone". Putting it as "has finished" is imo both unclear and misleading. Similar situation as in ch. 1 (refer to part I).
[Lead-up to Megumi using a domain expansion for the first time]
"A jujutsu sorcerer's growth never comes easy"
⇒ "The growth curve of a sorcerer isn’t always gentle"
Mostly, the line was more intricate in the original but also the grammatical construction used here that they mistranslated as "never" actually means "not always [necessarily]” instead.
"Here we go!!"
Not really incorrect but it's kinda generic and I guess something like "I'm gonna do it!" is closer nuance wise.
"With a firm base, skill and imagination, a person can change thanks to the slightest of events"
⇒ "A firm foundation, a handful of sense, and imagination. Then, [even] with a most insignificant opportunity, a person will change"
A pity they simplified "a handful of sense" into just "skill" here. Overall not really incorrect but I wanted to propose something that imo better conveys the original wording and vibe.
“Area expansion”
…”area”? What? Obviously this is actually “domain expansion”. I just don’t have words.
“Think bigger! My technique’s interpretation!”
First sentence actually referred to the second one, so it’s actually something like “Expand it!! The technique’s interpretation!!”
[Megumi to the cursed spirit after his shikigami deals it a finishing blow]
"Divine dog's claws even hurt it...You were no match!"
"(...) So something like piercing through you when you're not even paying attention was easy"
Less excitement, more dismissiveness, I’d say? Also, for the divine dog it’s actually specified that it’s “divine dog (totality)” and not just simply “divine dog”. The term appeared before in ch. 47.
Chapter 59
[Megumi talking about what he considers the basic rule for human interactions in a flashback to his middle school years]
"Basically, you shouldn't cross any line that violates another person's dignity. You should acknowledge each other's mutual existence. That's the rule. You ignored it and fed your stupid ego"
⇒ "In short, it's drawing a line in order not to jeopardise one another's dignity; [it’s] a process through which both parties can coexist. That's what the "rule" is”. You broke it, throwing your weight around and forcing everyone to walk on eggshells around you”
For the first sentence, Megumi says “it’s drawing a line”, so the nuance here was probably closer to “creating boundaries” rather than “crossing boundaries” like in the official English release. For the second sentence, the original literally says “the process through which one another’s existence is achieved”, so rather than acknowledging each other’s existence the sentiment is probably closer to live and let live? For the last sentence, they once again simplified it to the barest bones.
"I'll definitely tell Ikezawa and everyone today that we're not their lapdogs"
“You got this, Aida!”
"But we might be the next punching bags, so don't go overboard!"
Should be “Ikezawa and others'' and definitely “that I’m not their errand boy” for the smallest boy’s first line. If all of them were already being treated as errand boys like the way using the plural form here implies, the other student’s reply wouldn’t make sense.
[After Tsumiki sees Megumi has beaten up delinquents once again]
“You said you wouldn’t pick fights anymore”
“You’re not my mom”
⇒ (...) “Don’t act like you’re my guardian”
Imo the distinction is significant because there’s a possibility that Tsumiki as the older of the two probably did feel responsible for Megumi to an extent and acted accordingly, as if she was his guardian.
Also, he doesn’t actually say “mom” - this is not the first time where the official English release opts for a gendered phrase where the original uses a neutral form. (Like making Yuuji say his grandpa was like a dad to him when he actually said parent all the way back in ch. 2.)
[Megumi’s thoughts from back in the middle school]
"I hate bad guys with no brains and zero emotional capability. Walking around feeling proud. Disgusting."
⇒ "I hate bad people. The way they act like they’re superior, with their complete lack of imagination or sensitivity. Disgusting”
I guess I really dislike the way they worded it here, especially the “no brains” part since Megumi wasn’t really talking about intellect or smarts here but about imagination (and sensitivity), which he literally describes as being akin to "vacant lot", "empty lot", "raw land”, which is much more evocative.
"I hate goody-goodies forgiving bad people, justifying mercy. Makes me wanna puke"
⇒ "I hate good people. The way they forgive such bad people and perceive that act of forgiveness as something noble. They make me sick"
Mhm, way to just simplify the heck out of the whole line.
I’m extra bothered by their use of “goody-goodies” here since this is yet another appearance of a rather formal word for “good person” (善人/zennin) in the original and which I’ve observed to be a very important part of the world-building in jjk. I discuss it at length in various previous installments, with notable examples including: ch. 9 (Megumi about Yuuji and about the kind of people he wants to save - part I), ch. 31 (Nanami and Yuuji’s conversation in the aftermath of the Junpei incident - part III 2/2), ch. 36 (Panda about Yuuji - part IV 2/5).
“Tsumiki, you’re a perfect example of a good person.”
See, the word he uses here to describe Tsumiki is the same as in the line above (善人) but because back then it got translated as “goody-goodies”, you’d never guess it since the vibes are just that different.
[Megumi reminiscing about meeting Gojou for the first time]
"In the first grade, my dad and Tsumiki's mom got married and separated just as quickly"
⇒ "When I was in the first grade of elementary school my father and Tsumiki’s mother, our respective single parents, got together and disappeared into thin air"
The original doesn’t mention marriage OR separation. Heck, especially for the second one, it doesn’t even come close to mentioning it?? I have no clue where they got this from.
What I put as “got together” can also be translated as “to have a liaison with (a man or a woman)” (among others). Since Tsumiki’s surname is also “Fushiguro” in middle school, it’s possible that they were actually married and many Japanese fans seem to think that as well but it’s not explicitly stated, at least not here, so those are most likely speculations.
As for mysterious “separation”, the word used here actually means "disappearance (of people intentionally concealing their whereabouts); unexplained disappearance", so imo the whole section means their parents got together and at some point both disappeared. As we learn at one point in the manga Touji first and Tsumiki’s mum sometime later.
(Btw, one fan scanlation used “evaporation” here instead and while this is another possible translation of the word in question, imo from the context it’s clear that the intended meaning was the “unexplained disappearance” instead.)
Lastly, Megumi uses kind of formal expressions when referring to both his own dad and Tsumiki’s mum, which imo is indicative of the emotional distance.
[Tiny Megumi about teenager Gojou]
"A weirdo with white hair said"
⇒ "A suspicious man with white hair"
Needless to say, he doesn't actually call Gojou a weirdo.
[Gojou about Touji]
"But he's a loser that just works for me. He left the family and had you."
⇒ "He's enough of a good-for-nothing to take aback even me. Basically, he left home and then had you."
Emphasis mine. Again, I literally have no clue where they got the translation they went with for this. “Works for me” - just what??
(Btw, one of the fan scans available for this had the latter part of this line mistakenly imply that Gojou had Megumi leave his house. The bit definitely referred to Touji leaving the Zen’in family.)
"You're something your dad used against the Zen'in family. His trump card"
⇒ “You’re something your father kept as his strongest card against the Zen’in family”
A bit of a different nuance than “your dad used” suggests.
"The divorce money makes sense now. I was sold to this Zen'in family"
⇒ "The mystery behind the funds for their disappearance got solved. Apparently, I was sold to this Zen’in family or something"
Again, the word for “divorce” doesn’t make an appearance ANYWHERE in this chapter, least of all this page. ...How.
Once again - fan scans had this as money that also evaporated but neither it nor the official English release make sense, considering the line is followed up by “I was sold” as the explanation. So yeah, imo the first sentence definitely referred to the money Megumi considered necessary for Touji (and co’s) disappearance.
[Gojou referring to Touji basically selling Megumi off]
"Sucks, doesn't it?"
"Yeah, it's annoying. Especially your attitude."
⇒ “It pisses you off, doesn’t it”
“Yeah, it does piss me off. Especially that lack of delicacy of yours”
I mentioned it multiple times but imo repetition in the original text tends to be done on purpose and as a device and imo this was another example where this was the case. Megumi borrows Gojou’s words here. (Which mean “to be irritated, “to be angry” and not “it sucks”.)
[Megumi continuing about Gojou]
"But that annoying guy wrote off the situation with the Zen'in family. He made a promise that we would work as sorcerers in the future. We would be collateral and receive financial support from Jujutsu High in exchange."
⇒"This man pisses me off, but it was him who cancelled the deal with the Zen'in family, and made it so we would receive financial support from the technical college with me working as a sorcerer in the future [serving] as collateral for it”
I don’t know why they’d translate it as “we would work” here since who the “we” would be supposed to even entail other than Megumi himself? Surely not Tsumiki. Or Gojou. Also, putting the next bit as “we would be collateral” makes it sound kind of dehumanising to me, ngl, whereas Megumi was talking about his labour here.
Also, the same phrase for “pisses off” as above got used once again, which makes it three times in a row, so imo that was definitely a deliberate stylistic choice on Gege’s part.
“Jujutsu sorcerers. How stupid.
⇒ "Sorcerers, what even. How nonsensical"
Just proposing an alternate wording.
[Megumi about the curse Tsumiki got hit by]
"All we knew was that we didn't know anything. Tsumiki still sleeps."
The word used to describe Tsumiki’s state literally means “became bedridden”, which imo heavily implies she fell into a coma. “Still sleeps” is most likely a misunderstanding on the translator’s part since the word sounds like it’d mean that (but it doesn’t.)
[Megumi about Tsumiki]
"Always smiling and saying nice things"
⇒ “Always smiling and spouting lip service”
Another case where the translator seems to have translated the word based on the way it’s written as opposed to checking the actual meaning. (The “nice things” phrase.)
"It's not a bad thing to not forgive people. Megumi, that's your way of showing kindness."
⇒ “Not being able to forgive people isn’t a bad thing. That’s your kindness, Megumi”
It wasn’t just “not to forgive” but “not being able to forgive”! Which imo would imply the next line’s nuance was something similar to Tsumiki considering Megumi’s inability to forgive people to be something that stems from his kindness (e.g. because he can’t stand seeing injustice).
"Even spinning my short-comings in a positive light."
⇒ “She would affirm even my nature"
Imo this line was more of Tsumiki accepting Megumi as he is or at least that’s what the line says - makes sense with what I proposed for the line above too. Translating it the way they did in the official release kind of feels like overinterpreting.
"But even she would get upset when I hurt somebody. I was annoyed by the hypocrisy"
⇒ "But even such Tsumiki would get genuinely angry (...). I would get annoyed thinking she was a stickler to the rules and a hypocrite"
Emphasis mine. The phrase that the translators seem to have skipped here and I translated as "stickler to the rules" literally means "to play it safe", "to avoid trouble at all cost".
"Yeah, I know. I was immature. I'm sorry so please wake up already"
“I’m sorry, I was a brat. I’ll apologise so just wake up already, stupid older sister”
Just a different nuance and tone for the whole line.
"All I did was get rid of the Yasohachi bridge curse. My sister's sleeping curse is a separate matter."
⇒ "This Yasohachi bridge curse was probably only overlapping with it, and the curse that caused Tsumiki to fall into a coma probably hasn't been lifted"
The official English release makes it sound like sleeping (or more correctly, the coma) was the nature of the curse that Tsumiki was put under, whereas imo the original indicates it just as its effect, which is an important distinction.
“As for the finger and Itadori…”
⇒ “What should I tell Itadori about the finger...”
The “tell”, “say” is only implied here but it’s pretty clear from the context that was the meaning. Also, he explicitly says “to Itadori” here.
[After the Yasohachi bridge curse got defeated by Megumi who then retrieved the Sukuna finger from it]
"All of sudden I feel a presence. Did the finger get out of the barrier? Whoever took out the finger bearer is quite formidable."
⇒ “The huge presence that appeared all of sudden... Did Sukuna's finger get out of the barrier? If it was a sorcerer that exorcised the finger's host, they must be quite good......."
Emphasis mine on bits that got cut out in the official release. Because Esou was facing off Nobara, he probably assumed it’s likely there may be other sorcerers present and imo that’s what this line also suggests.
"Even so... The finger... Even if they fought against a special-grade and won, They more than likely didn't come out of it unscathed. I hope they're okay."
Just to clarify that the word used for “they” in the original indicates the speaker knows the people in question, so those were Nobara’s thoughts here.
Chapter 60
[Esou to Yuuji and Nobara after he activates his wing king technique]
“Start running and turn your backs to me”
“Run. With your backs turned to me” would fit better nuance and mood wise. (Esou didn’t want to show his back to anyone so now he’s’ forcing them to show theirs.)
[Nobara to Yuuji after he scooped her up because she couldn’t run as fast as he could]
“I got your back”
“Okay”
“Okay” isn’t incorrect per se but the word has the nuance of “I’m counting on you”.
[Nobara to Yuuji after he speeded through the forest while carrying her, allowing them to escape from Esou's technique]
"Well done, you deserve some praise"
“Yeah, yeah”
“Just kidding. Thanks!”
⇒ "You have my praise." (...)
Actually a set phrase! Spoken from a rather elevated/superior POV, which is why Nobara later reiterates that she’s genuinely thankful. Also, I probably would just go with a period for “Thanks”, imo nuance wise it didn’t require an exclamation mark and it’s not there in the original either.
[Esou after Yuuji gets splashed with Kechizu’s blood]
"There's no need to worry. My younger brother's blood isn't the same quality as mine"
Actually "doesn't have the same properties like mine”.
"You wouldn't even die from mine unless you were drowned in it."
Much closer to something like "unless you were to bathe your whole body in it".
"But it does hurt like hell"
⇒ "But it does hurt to death"
Not really wrong meaning wise but in the original it was “to death” instead of “like hell”, which combined with a previous line was probably a wordplay. "You won't die but it does hurt to death"
[Esou explaining how his and Kechizu’s shared technique works]
"If you take in one of our brother's blood and if one brother activates a technique"
Idk if it's clear here but it most likely doesn't matter which brother does which (could even be the same one). Also, definitely should’ve been “the” or “this” for technique, since Esou has just stated on the same page he’s now going to start laying out how a specific technique of he and his brother’s functions.
[Esou replying to Yuuji]
"Yes, the result is essentially poison. Our technique is 'decomposition'"
Should be “but what our technique is, is actually ‘decomposition’” nuance wise.
"It's activated now. In reality they'll be dead faster than that”
⇒ “Done with technique disclosure, so in reality (...)”
Emphasis mine. You know, the rule in jujutsu where if you explain your technique to your opponent, it gets a buff? “Activation” is just wrong here.
While it’s not phrased as such, the phenomenon is first explained in ch. 20 during Nanami’s explanation to Yuuji (refer to part II 2/2). It also gets mentioned by name later in the manga but oftentimes the official release would either skip it or word it completely differently so it’s hard to tell, like in ch. 51, when Hanami realises Toudou has lied to him (part IV 5/5).
[The history of how cursed wombs came to be]
"[In the beginning of the Meiji era] there was a girl with special genetic makeup who bore a cursed-spirit child"
Actually “with an idiosyncrasy that allowed her to get pregnant with the child of a cursed spirit”! Imo an important distinction since it’s not certain whether her first child that gets discussed here was born prematurely or not and the following pregnancies were all aborted.
"A child born of mixed blood - both cursed spirit and human.”
Skipped “grotesque child” at the end.
“It was a mysterious pregnancy. She would be ostracized by family and friends.”
⇒ "Starting from a pregnancy she had no recollection of, [followed by] the oppression from her kith and kin, it made her go insane"
This latter part of this section is filled to the brim with complicated language so I’m not entirely sure but I think this might’ve been the intended meaning of the line. The official translators were probably struggling with the vocabulary too, so they cut out some stuff entirely, to be precise - the go insane part. It’s the bit I’m not certain about myself but I scoured Japanese dictionaries and that’s the meaning that seemed to be the best fit among the options.
Anyway, to reiterate - the bit about the pregnancy actually says that the girl herself didn’t even know (couldn’t remember) how it came to be. The part about the relatives doesn’t mention friends, it’s actually a set phrase that means “one's relatives by blood and marriage (in blood and law); one's kith and kin” - I went here with the latter since it’s shorter and fits the overall vibe of the line.
“She would hold the corpse of the child and flee to a temple in the mountains. The temple was run by jujutsu sorcerers. However, her luck had run out."
⇒ “(...) However, this was when her luck run out”
Other than the nuance in the last line, this isn’t mistranslated but the whole section just flowed differently in the original and felt less disjointed.
Also! One of the scanlations I’ve seen had it misspelled as “Noshitori” but the evil sorcerer’s name is actually “Kamo Noritoshi” (and yes, it’s the same as the young Kamo but the “toshi” is written with different characters).
"The child born from a cursed spirit and human would become a prisoner of intellectual curiosity"
⇒ "His [Kamo Noritoshi's] intellectual curiosity would be taken captive by children born between a cursed spirit and a human"
Very much the other way around. It's very clear in the original that the subject of the sentence was Kamo's intellectual curiosity and not the child.
"Death painting wombs: numbers 1-3. Cursed objects worthy of special grade."
Closer to "cursed objects powerful enough to be classified as special grade"
"Did cursed energy originate from a mother's hatred? No..."
It's specified here as "did their cursed energy" instead (emphasis mine), and the question is actually left unanswered......................................................... So yeah, congrats on getting rid of this very intended ambiguity. It's something like "or was it maybe--"
[About cursed wombs]
"For 150 years, with only the notion of one another's existence, they would survive, sealed away"
⇒ "For 150 years, they endured the seal, relying only on one another's existence"
"The notion" just doesn't capture the sentiment of the line at all, which imo is most likely the follow-up to the narrator's musings about the origin of the death painting's immense cursed energy. (See above.)
"We're siding with that cursed spirit."
Actually "siding with them", read as "them" but written as "the cursed spirits" - probably plural as the original literally says "the side of the cursed spirits", so it possibly means cursed spirits as a whole as well, aside of Mahito and co specifically. Remember, the brothers are actually half-humans too.
I explain in depth the “written as but read as” device in part IV 4/5 (ch. 48, Toudou’s “my friend” phenomenon).
"The future that the cursed spirits have painted is more suited for us. But that's it. Forget about what we owe for our freedom"
Not incorrect per se but Chousou actually says “forget the debt we owe them of our incarnation”, which would make it yet another instance where the official English release has cut out the term entirely. (Emphasis mine.)
[Nobara after stating that a technique that assures a win as long as it hits an opponent is indeed powerful]
"I'm a bad match for you!!"
Actually “the worst match [possible]” - more confidence in the line!
[Nobara to the death painting brothers after using Resonance on herself thus redirecting their attack back at them]
"Let's play a game of chicken, shall we?"
The actual wording is “contest of endurance”, I’m not entirely sure if the two have the same connotation.
[part v (3/3)]
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Ma’am I’m dying out here. It’s always “Void will wreck you in the fresher” and “Void has the third best stroke game of the squad” but never “Here I wrote a lil blurb of Void wrecking your shit”
Please I need we need it
smH YOURE RIGHT IVE BEEN DENYING YALL KJEKEJH
ct-7775 void // fem!reader
warnings: shower sex
You’re not quite sure when this became a regular occurrence--a couple months ago you think. Sorta like date night, except in the fresher...naked and undoubtedly against regulations. That’s what makes it fun you suppose--a little late night thrill.
Not like anyone would find you, you specifically chose time slots around midnight so you’d have the entire fresher block to yourself--an ingenious idea and totally worth waking up with wet hair in the morning. You just--well you didn't expect someone else to have the same idea. Safe to say it was a little jarring to cross paths naked and afraid, soaped up and scrambling for a towel with Sunburst squadron’s finest and only medic. Void.
To be fair, he hadn't even seen you. It was the end of your shift, tunnel vision on one thing, and one thing only. A nice hot fresher and certainly not a naked you.
With neither of you willing to budge and shuffle around schedules, you came to the brilliant conclusion that you could both shower at the same times--just so long as you both kept your eyes to yourselves. Funny how that rule barely lasted two weeks.
Safe to say, it’s been the best sex you’ve ever had. And all done in a fresher for kriff’s sake.
Once or twice every week you have Void all to yourself--that permanent scowl and grumpy mannerisms washing away with the flow of water and the warmth of your skin. A completely different man--one briefly unburdened with the weight of keeping his brothers alive and well just to send them off to battle the next day. You don’t mind being his distraction--as fleeting as it may be.
Tonight is no different as the solid line of his body slips in behind you, filling in the limited amount of space left in the tiny space. And you mean tiny. You can move without challenging your flexibility or banging your elbows and knees against the walls.
The touch of Void’s palm over your ribcage pulls a pleased sigh from your lungs. His fingers tickle up your shoulder blade and sweeps your hair, plastered to the nape of your neck, to the side. “Let me see you...”
You turn without hesitation, giggling as Void’s hand cups your cheek, his thumbs jumping up to smooth down your eyebrows and wick away the rivulets of water. Before you have the chance to greet him, Void tugs you forward into a deep, toe-curling kiss, shuddering as the cool durasteel of the wall touches your back. You break away and place your palm over his cheek. leans into your palm and smiles as your thumb lands right over the little blue dot tattooed onto his cheek.
“How was it today?”
“Sweets got a splinter and Fuse burned himself playing with matches again.” Void grumbles, sliding his other hand up to cup one of your breasts. He pinches your nipple and rolls it between his forefinger and thumb, plucking out a gasp from your parted lips. “All I could think about was you--always distractin’ me.”
You roll your eyes. “Boohoo--baby is distracted by my tits. You’re lucky I like you.”
Void buries his face into the crook of your neck, nips at your ear and hooks his arm around your waist. “Mhm. If I accidentally kill someone, s’because of you.”
You slide your fingers through his hair, a bit long once it’s wet and free from his headband--you give the strands a playful jostle. Void tilts his head, skims his lips over the line of jaw and steals another kiss--when he pulls away he hesitates here for a moment--simply drinking in the shape of you, every freckle and little wrinkle, grafting it into his memory for eternity. It’s a two way mirror however--
The bags under his eyes, like two swaths of purpling bruisers, are worse than last week and Maker--do they ever give this man a break? “Void--when’s the last time you slept?”
He blinks rapidly and shoves his head back into the crux of your shoulder to avoid your scrutiny. “Don’t worry about it.”
You frown. You’ll push him about it later, because right now? He’s trailing tiny, addicting kisses from your shoulder up to your ear, your blood already singing even though the chaste pecks border innocent. You gasp as those kisses morph into nips, sucking sure to be bruises into the flesh, marking you just below the line of where the collar of your uniform ends.
The arm around your waist skims further down, grabbing a handful of your ass and roughly squeezing. You whimper, curling further into his hold as liquid heat races from the pit of your stomach and outward to each and every limb. He worms his muscled thigh between your legs, pinning you further against the wall, the hand on your ass snaking back to massage tiny circles over your thigh. You whimper and thread your fingers into the wet strands of his hair, arching into his chest.
“Fuck--you’re a vision,” Void pants, “So beautiful.”
He moans low in the back of his throat as your hand gently encompasses his cock, thick and swelling to its full length in your palm. “I could say the same about you, handsome.”
Void shudders and sags into your hold, huffing out curses and roughly parting your thighs further apart. You whine and press your head into the wall as he hikes your thigh up and around his hip. He then slides two of those thick, calloused fingers pass over your clit, throbbing and aching to be touched. Your own slick mixed with the aide of the water let the two digits glide with ease over your lips, rocking down to circle your clenching entrance then back to lightly trace the little bundle of nerves.
His cock jumps in your grip as you whine his name, needy and desperate as you roll your palm up and down his cock. He curses under his breath, and bites your earlobe. “You want me to fuck you, sweetheart?”
You groan as he pushes a finger into your cunt, the muscles squeezing around him for just a shred of pleasure. “Yes--please, Void--fuck me.”
“Such a filthy mouth.” He chastises with a dark chuckle.
You groan out your frustration as you roll your hips, your nails digging into his bicep to pull him closer. He must take pity on your squirming, pathetic display as he abruptly extracts his finger and drops your thigh.
Your stomach drops as your bare feet slip off the tiles, yet the heavy muscled weight of Void’s chest pinning you forward saves you from landing ass over heels. He’s stronger than he looks, a fact you’re confronted with as he scoops your knee over his elbow and squishing you further into the wall. “Careful, mesh’la--wouldn’t want a trip to med bay, now would we?”
You swear and dig you nails into his shoulder, slippery from the water. He grips his cock in one hand and slides the thick head over the wet slit of your cunt, the tip of him catching against your dripping entrance.
You jerk and press your hips back. “V-Void…”
Your breath catches in your throat as the very tip of him, searing hot and harder than tempered steel, pushes into you. It feels the same with each time he fucks you, that pinch and fluttering panic low in your stomach that he’s too big. You squirm and whine as he rocks his hips forward, the little motions seating him deeper into your greedy center. Maker— you think it’ll go on forever, with no room to accommodate him.
“There you go,” he babbles, his breathing a mess of pitchy moans and praise, muffled by the spray of water. “Fuck—such a good girl. Taking it all.”
You shiver despite the temperature of the water, twitching in his hold as the narrow dip of his waist slots against your cunt. Your name flows past his lips, the enamel of his teeth tugging at the fragile skin lining the base of your neck.
Stars— your thoughts are pulverized into dust with the first tentative rolls of his hips. There’s no buildup to the pace he sets or patience as his fingers dig into your ass while the other anchors to the wall.
It’s a ridiculously short amount of time, you think, as your orgasm creeps down each vertebrae, your cunt clamping down on his cock tighter than a fucking vice. One last roll against your clit and you’re done for. So fucking gone.
The edges of your entire universe drop off into some unknown mystery--bursts of white light igniting behind your eyelids as you're brought over the edge.
“Shit—get so fucking wet when you cum,” Void snarls. “And tight. S-so fucking tight.”
You’re not allowed to float down from your high, not until he also reaches his end. Until then you’re forced through the rough scrap of the last dregs of your pleasure, his abdomen scraping agains your throbbing clit. The loud, wet slaps of his hips meeting your cunt echoes in the tiny space, accentuates every hitched moan and sharp whimper. Void’s hand slips off the wall and buries it into your hair at the base of your skull, tugging sharply as your core clenches around his cock.
“M’close,” he pants, his breath humid against your skin. “Can I—fuck--can I cum in you?”
You nod with a shuddering whine.
Your nerves burn as you slip your own hand down to toy with your clit, a simple brush over the nerves and your careening off the edge again. Your cries are a jumble of incomprehensible babbles--the only thing you manage to latch onto is his name.
With a dangerously loud curse, Void’s bruising pace quickens, frantic as he chases his own release. Void’s hips stutter, the hand in your hair tightening into a fist as his teeth embed themselves over your shoulder. With one—two last thrusts of his hips, he cums. Ropes of his release coats your insides, throbbing and twitching until he’s spent, left with the ambiance of quick panting and the trickle of water.
Stars, you can’t fucking think.
With a grunt he stumbles back as much as he can in the limited space, the absence of his cock leaving his cum to dribble out and slip down the inside of your thigh. You’re still squeezing your eyes shut, jittery and unable to move from your current spot without the risk of stumbling to your knees.
Void dips his head and steals a kiss, dragging his tongue deep into your mouth. He groans and keeps you here, leading you through soft kisses and a careful dance of something more than just a simple fuck in a fresher. You’re not sure if you’re allowed to breach that gentle space between you—grasp something tangible with uncertain promises and stolen minutes as sunlight fills the space between your heart and lungs.
He kisses your cheek, breaking away before either of you slip and tumble into uncharted territory. Another time maybe—not in the middle of a war and certainly not in a communal shower.
“Thank you,” he murmurs. And it’s enough—it has to be enough.
#HERE IS MY INSANE RAMBLES HEKDBD#oOf#ask#keida answers#sunburst squadron#my writing#clone trooper x reader#clone oc x reader#clone oc
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Long Nights - part 7
Neil x Reader
Chapter 7: Wicked game
(see chapter 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
summary: it’s time to come back to life, and sometimes it involves Neil dragging you to a social event
warnings: 18+, language, alcohol mention (beer is considered alcohol, right?)
author’s note: 3k words. It’s not exactly what I had in mind for that chapter, but they have a mind of their own, as always.
Almost there.
The song for this part is Stone Sour - Wicked Game (acoustic, live)
Enjoy and let me know what you think, please? All feedback is greatly appreciated.
——————
Tag list: @cxnnienikas @neutron-stars-collision @ergunbilge @invertedneil @wanderedaway @i-wanna-b-yours @wonderwoman292 @buckysgoldenheart @townmoondaltwistle @theriverbeneaththeriver (please let me know if you want to be added/removed from the list)
-----
It didn’t matter how many times you saw him do that, the effect the sight had on you was pretty much always the same. Filling your mind with thoughts that were quite counterproductive, one could say.
The veiny patterns covering hands and forearms. The long fingers running through the buttons. The tilted chin, extending the neck, drawing attention to that impossible jawline. The slight pout. The brows drawn together in concentration--
You smacked your tongue and shook your head
“Y’know what, those shirts of yours are so rude, but the way you wear them, the rolled-up sleeves?”
Neil looked at you through the reflection in the mirror, puzzled. “What about them?”
“Abso-fucking-lutely disrespectful,” you sighed heavily and leaned against the door frame.
Playful lights danced in the blue eyes. “Oh yeah?” he teased, giving himself a final glance-over before turning to you. “And what you’re gonna do about it?”
“Nothing,” - you shrugged, crossing your arms - “because you insist on dragging me to a social event.”
The faint resentment ringing in your last words didn’t get lost on Neil.
“So boring of me,” he said as he closed the gap between you, trying to keep a straight face. He put his hands on your waist and smirked. “But maybe after that we can come back here and continue the conversation.”
As you fixed his collar, a shade of smile hid in the corner of your mouth.
“Really wanna listen to me listing all the things that drive me mad about you, huh?” you asked smugly, gliding your fingertips along the delicate stripes of the greyish beige shirt.
Neil’s thumbs brushed over your hip bones as he hummed, “I have a feeling it might lead to a rather pleasant conclusion.”
When you let out an amused scoff, his lips captured the snarky comment that was bound to follow. He pulled you closer and lifted you up, and the next second you were sitting on the edge of a vanity cabinet, breathless from the kiss, tugging at the striped shirt.
A buzz right next to you.
You jumped, startled, and glared at the phone. “Is it too late to tell Matthias the Uber driver that we’re not going anywhere?” you asked without too much hope as you nuzzled your face to Neil’s neck, breathing in his scent, unwilling to let this moment end too quickly.
Neil chuckled and stroked your arms. “Come on, it’s gonna be fun.”
You still didn’t know where he was taking you - he’d assured you that it would be casual, and that was basically all you cared about. He knew you enough, and you trusted his judgement, after all.
“It better be,” you pouted, pulling back, but as soon as you met the bright blue eyes your heart sang in your chest. After spending all that time in the darkness, not sure if you’d ever see his face again, you caught yourself taking an extra second every now and then, just looking at him. How the light played on his features, now soft in the elaborately illuminated hotel bathroom. How his lips curled whenever he found your gaze. How utterly stunning he was.
Smiling gently, you ran your fingers through Neil’s disheveled mane, taming the blonde mess if ever so slightly.
“Let’s not keep Matthias waiting, then,” you sighed and slid off the cabinet.
-------
The afternoon was quite warm for late autumn. As you were arriving at your destination, you watched the sun shining through the scarce leaves left on the trees, adding vibrance to their colours. Too mesmerized to pay attention to the route, you recognized the place only when the car stopped. The training site. You turned to Neil in confusion, but he just wiggled his brows and proceeded to thank the driver and got out of the car. You followed him out and right through the gate of the now-empty paintball outdoor facility which served as a front for the agency’s base, hidden a bit further inside the forest.
“Picking up something on the way?” you asked, matching his pace as you strolled towards the training grounds.
Neil shook his head and smiled mysteriously. “Not really.”
“Alrighty then, keep your secrets,” you snorted, rolling your eyes. “Aren’t we a tad overdressed for a little playground fun, though?”
“A rematch?” he pondered and smirked. “Didn’t plan on that, but it’s tempting.”
Indeed. “I’m kinda out of shape, but keep those baggy trousers on and I’m game - wanna beat you fair and square again.”
Neil let out an exasperated huff. “Baggy?! They might be a bit loose but --”
You giggled at his offended expression as he got busy looking down at the target of your remark, ready to defend his fashion choice. Your laughter was enough to stop Neil in his tracks, and when he met your playful gaze, he reached out and drew you into his arms for a tight hug. After a brief moment of perplexity, you eased into his embrace, moved by the force of sudden affection.
When he pulled back, you touched his cheek. “What was that for?” you asked, searching the blue eyes, but finding nothing but joy there.
“Being cheeky.” He scrunched his nose while tapping the tip of yours. “And brilliant,” he added, and for a second you were sure there was something else he wanted to say; instead, he laid a gentle kiss on your lips. “And maybe stalling a minute longer before I’d have to share you with all these people.”
You gaped at him, about to ask what people, but Neil already grabbed your hand and led you around the corner of the building - and you heard them even before you spotted them.
“Oi, there they are!”
“Finally!”
“We’ve just considered sending a rescue party in case you got lost in the woods!”
The unexpected eruption of cheers and greetings made your fight-or-flight reflexes kick in, but as you instinctively took a step back, Neil squeezed your fingers reassuringly.
A split-second exchange of looks.
All right?
When he saw your tiny nod, he let go of your hand, focusing on the team gathered at the makeshift chillout zone. “Not everyone has your poor sense of directions, Seb,” retorted Neil, flashing his teeth in a grin.
The young man’s protests got drowned in laughter as you approached the group together.
"Luckily not the case with our rogue here,” said Ives, elbowing his way in between other people. He shot you both a disapproving look, toned down by a smile dangling in the corner of his mouth. "Really, roofs? Didn't know you had it in you, mate."
"Me neither,” admitted Neil, going in for a clasp of hands and a brief hug. “When I saw that gap, I was sure that was it. Someone convinced me otherwise."
“The secret is to avoid looking down,” you shrugged, meeting the commander's amused gaze.
"Thanks for bringing our favourite nerd back in one piece." As Ives extended his hand, there was something serious about his expression, mixed with a sense of relief, and you realised he must have been in the response team Neil had called for help.
“My pleasure.” Beaming, you shook his hand. “Thanks for providing backup.” And scraping me off the pavement.
Neil’s gasp was almost theatrical. He smirked and nudged Ives lightly. “Aw, I’m your favourite?”
“Careful, that privilege may be revoked any minute,” grunted Ives in a weak attempt at keeping up appearances, but he couldn’t fool anyone. Now that you had a chance to observe them in the after-hours situation, the bond between the two men was clear as day, and your heart warmed up at the thought.
Waving back at Mahir, you scanned the group for other familiar faces. Wheeler, a couple of people you recognized from the HQ halls, and a bit isolated from the others - the big man himself, manning the barbecue station.
Overwhelmed by the attention you got from the team, you excused yourself and walked up to The Protagonist. You couldn’t help but smile at the confident vibe he radiated with as if he spent every weekend doing nothing but this.
“So dad of you, boss.”
He flopped a sizzling piece of meat to the other side, glancing at you humorlessly.
“How are you feeling?” he asked with polite concern.
“Grand, healed up nicely, thank you.” You circled your shoulder and grinned. “Not in a marathon condition, mind you, but that’s not exactly new.”
“That’s good, Neil was worried about you.”
Not sure if it was the lack of eye contact or something else in his presence, but you decided to stop ignoring the gut feeling.
“You don’t like me,” you said, tilting your head. A mere statement of the fact; you weren’t hurt, only curious. “It’s okay, you don’t have to, just been wondering why.”
TP sighed heavily. And when he finally met your gaze, the dark eyes were sad, only deepening your confusion.
“I’m sorry.” Then something cracked and a shiver ran down your spine, because suddenly, in front of you there was a man who’d seen a lot, suffered too much, and cared even more. The weight of it all slumped his shoulders, and for a short while, he seemed almost helpless. Taking a quick look at the hollering group, he sighed again. “It’s not your fault, it’s--“ he hesitated, searching for the right words. As he found them, there was no sign of the vulnerability from a moment earlier. “It’s a stressful business.” He sent you a crooked smile. “And I’m still mad about that watch.”
The lie was obvious. But the things you saw in his eyes made your chest clench painfully, and…did you really want to know?
Besides, that might have been a truce offering, and you weren’t bent on holding a grudge. Not with him, anyway.
“Hey, wasn’t it technically your idea?” you grinned, shrugging off the weird sense of dread.
A smile finally reached the dark irises. “I guess it was,” he admitted and patted you on the arm. “There’s some beer in the mini-fridge, could you --”
“On it.”
When the clank of bottles sealed your peace treaty, you caught Neil’s happy stare. You pointed at the beer in your hand in a question and he nodded, so you grabbed one more and joined him and the others.
That unfortunate mission must have been some sort of rite of passage in these guys’ eyes because out of the blue, you were no longer an outsider. The Cavalry accepted you with open arms as one of their own, and you couldn’t wrap your head around it. It was a nice feeling, though. Like you belonged. You saw some curious glances, but they came from a good place, and even the suspicious voice in your mind gave in under the cordial, jovial energy of the group.
Soon enough, you were joking with a young medic, having a balancing stand-off with Wheeler, or listening to crazy stories from some old operations, until everyone had enough booze in their systems that allowed them to direct some of the questions to you, as well.
“So is Neil a decent locksmith now?”
You puffed out your cheeks in a musing grimace, but when you spotted Neil’s raised brow, you started laughing. “I’d say even more than decent. Honestly? I don’t think there’s much more that I can teach him, he needs to polish his skills in real life now.” Mocking a teary sniff, you added, “They grow up so fast!”
Nobody would know that you did so while actively ignoring a faint sting in your heart.
You refrained from meeting the attentive blue eyes, though. Just in case.
“Oh cool, then what about a little contest?” Seb clapped his hands cheerfully. “You versus Neil, we could time you, and to make it fairer we could put a blindfold on you --” as he stopped for a breath, he realized - with some help from Wheeler’s elbow to his side - the slight faux pas.
But you barely acknowledge a curse and a mumbled apology cutting through the awkward silence, too busy exchanging amused looks and stifled giggles with your student.
“Neil, would you like to explain?” you asked, schooling your features.
He bowed his head as if he was accepting a great honor. “Gladly.” Neil took a deep breath and his eyes lit up. “See, my dear friend, had you known anything about lockpicking, you’d learnt that sometimes it’s easier to do that with, for example, your eyes closed. You need to listen to what the lock has to say because it’s all about feedback--”
You watched as Neil gave a full lecture, citing your own words from what seemed to be a lifetime ago. He did it with passion and understanding of the craft you’d never dreamed to see in someone else, and yet was so familiar when it came to him. Absentmindedly, you placed a hand over your chest, as if it was enough to stop it from bursting.
You couldn’t be more proud.
Neil finished his rant and looked at you, only to be met with all the appreciation and validation in your gaze, and he beamed even wider.
“All right, damn, we can cover Neil’s eyes then,” sighed Seb, a total resignation in his voice sparking a roar of laughter from the group.
----
As much as you enjoyed the energy of the team, your social batteries were getting drained, and you needed a moment for yourself before you could carry on.
Walking right outside of the periphery of light from the garlands, you let your gaze slide across the training equipment, now barely visible in the moonless night. The leaves crumbled under your feet as you smiled at the memories. Maybe one day you would actually complete the full run? You pulled on the sleeves of your sweater, hiding your hands from the cold evening air.
“Mind if I join you?”
You glanced over your shoulder at Neil, keeping his distance, ready to give you space. With him, it was always in the details he’d picked along the way, effortlessly weaving them into everyday life. “Not at all.”
Neil perked up and joined you in the shadows, inhaling deeply.
“Funny how the scent of the forest changes with the seasons,” he mused and you grinned, turning his way.
“That’s what I call a pick-up line,” you snickered and drew a long breath. “But you’re right, it’s too easy to forget that once you become a permanent city creature.”
He chuckled and lightly rubbed his hands up and down your arms.
“Are you warm enough?” he asked softly, fixing your oversized scarf.
“Yeah.” You brushed your cheek against his fingers, longing for his touch, now that you were somewhat hidden from the prying gazes. “You?”
Neil moved closer and wound one arm around your waist, then cupped your face gently, pressed his forehead to yours, and murmured, “Now I am.”
You hummed happily and slid your hands under his open jacket, resting them at his chest, and closed your eyes. Only then realizing how tense you were, you relaxed in his embrace, savoring his closeness. A steady heartbeat under your palms. The warmth carrying undertones of Neil’s cologne. A featherlike graze of his thumb over your cheek. His nose nudging yours.
But soon enough, you had to break a stolen moment. Trying to stifle a yawn, you hid your face in his shoulder to muffle the sound.
“Oh, my poor baby,” he cooed, biting back a giggle. “That tired?”
“I’m fine,” you mumbled against him on the verge of another yawn.
“Sure you are.” He kissed your temple. “The party’s almost over anyway, judging by decreasing amount of idiotic ideas per hour. Gonna call us a cab soon, all right?”
As you nodded, Neil tightened a hug and reluctantly let you go.
“Be right back, I’ll check if there’s any coffee left,” you said, gesturing towards the tables with beverages.
As your luck would have it, there was just enough for one sip.
A sudden sneer was enough to wake you up, though.
“Hell froze over.”
Mahir walked up to the mini-fridge to grab a beer and you met his mocking stare with furrowed brows.
“Vincent must be chattering his teeth now,” you joked, unsure where the conversation was heading. “Why?”
Mahir scoffed at the remark about your old associate, but he was still studying you closely, confusing you further. “Congratulations, by the way.”
“Dude, you’re killing me today,” you sighed, wiping a hand through your face. “Thanks, but what for?”
“You and Neil?”
And when you shot him a puzzled look, he waved his bottle at the place where you stood together a moment before.
Breaking out in a cold sweat, you deadpanned, “Oh.”
Bloody hell.
“I thought you weren’t doing the whole love thing anymore.”
The pulse pounded in your ears, although not loud enough to tune out the sirens blazing in your head.
No.
It came out harder than you felt it. “I’m not.”
No, no, no, no, no.
Mahir grimaced doubtfully. “Uh-huh.” He looked over your shoulder at the team gathered together in the distance and raised a brow. “Does he know that?”
You couldn’t force yourself to follow his gaze. The panic drained your face of all colour, and that was enough of an answer for your friend.
“I see.” Mahir shook his head, losing the enquiring manner. His features softened as he patted your arm. “Neil’s a good guy.”
Please, no.
“They always are,” you choked out bitterly.
Not again.
“You know what I mean,” insisted Mahir, searching for your eyes.
That the history was not gonna repeat itself?
...or that he didn’t deserve any of it?
“Yeah. Maybe.” You faked a smile. “Excuse me.”
Pushing past him, you went inside the building. You needed to be alone.
Oh, the irony.
Weeks of deliberately avoiding the topic. Tricking yourself into thinking that you can keep it casual. That it didn’t matter that much. That it was nothing but a self-indulgent fling.
You couldn’t breathe.
Lesson learnt, huh?
Barging into one of the restrooms, you got to a sink. Clenching your hands on the cold ceramic, you fought nausea tearing through your body.
Pathetic.
The gasp for air turned into a sob.
...and then everything went quiet.
You raised your eyes to the mirror.
Your reflection was staring back at you with determination.
It was time.
(next chapter ->)
#neil tenet#neil tenet x reader#neil x reader#neil tenet fanfiction#neil tenet imagine#robert pattinson#tenet#tenet fanfiction#long nights
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man in relation to that last post, and its not really related to this blog outside of it but its weighing on my mind
ive seen two things lately about audiences and content creators, specifically those of the Edgy kind. And, as a disclaimer, i am both LGBT and mixed race and oh, also disabled, and i am not saying “yes their content is offensive But you should care about them more” like ofc im gonna care more about the people who are hurt by the spreading of harmful shit but. anyway
whats been on my mind is the fact that these creators create, with all their edginess and their discarding of feelings for Facts and whatnot forms these audiences that, even if mild in their reactions, have and hold no place for feelings, and people who they disagree with. Even the ones who just have “Comedic” content thats laughing at minorities and whatnot, it breeds things in the audience - and attracts peole who’re already infected by it - that focus on laughing and making fun of people and tearing people down who they just mildly disagree with. We all knew that, but specifically whats weighing on my mind is that........... When you do that, theres no backing down. If you realise youve been wrong somewhere and the people youre attacking have been right, if you realise you dont want to make this content anymore, if you realise you’re tired or stressed, or the environment youve created has gotten too toxic, how are you going to back down? People look to you for their vicious entertainment, people look to you for things to tear apart however lightly, to Roast or to offend or to seriously hurt, and if you arent providing fresh bodies to that audience, theyll take it from you. You have to either be sure when you go into creating edgy content that youll be doing this for the rest of your life, or youre ok with being the subject of what youre inflicting on others when you stop. That, or you have to hope to god that your audience gets bored of you before you call it quits
like...... It all boils down to this. Edginess attracts two main kinds of people, people who are clueless about the harm theyre doing and looking to parrot others/who want to make people uncomfortable or upset/who want to make people feel like they feel, thats one category, and the other main category is genuinely fucked up people who like to see the hurt and the offence it causes, who want women/other minorities to be uncomfortable at best or unwelcome or feel in danger at worst, people who show through their humour that theyre willing to act in ways that hurt people for fun. The first category, people who dont get the harm it causes and just want to shock people (which, as a person clueless to microaggressions and racism and why things actually offend people could either be just surprise Or serious harm they label as shock), theyre clueless about the power youre breeding in them and the cluelessness, but the second group of people are actively harmful. Either way, when you finally need your audience to be understanding, when you need to post your “my mental health is going downhill and i cant ignore it anymore” video or post, youre stuck with these people, and obviously others outside those categories, but youre stuck with them. The people who are willing to beat down already beaten down minorities? Who reduce everyone to a set of stereotypes and if they disagree with any quality you have youre their target? Who think doxxing and swatting are funny, who think harrassment and death threats are just edgy and, well, you know edgy is totally fine right?? Edgy is good right?? what are you going to do?
Maybe when youre in your hour of need your audience will have a change of heart, but if you attract an audience who follow you for and approve of your disregard for peoples needs, who make fun of and attact people saying they need help (”i suffer at the hands of oppression” “im disabled” “im a targeted minority” “ive suffered from harassment” etc) what do you think theyre going to do to you when you dont want to play the game anymore?
Like theres a leap in logic here between being an edgy content creator and definitely reaching a point where you wont do it anymore. Yes, maybe youll be edgy for the rest of your life....... But as someone who was an edgy teenager slinging around slurs constantly and racist and homophobic and transphobic shit...... The end to that was the singular logical conclusion for me as someone trying to be a good person. When you actually learn about these things, or when you start to live it as an lgbt person or you reconnect with your nonwhite half, or you have a family member who is assaulted, or a friend who finally confesses their online harassment and the severe damage its done to them, and you have an audience waiting for you to tell them who to laugh at/treat like shit if they want to because well, theyre wrong and stupid arent they, why should anyone treat them well - thats the conclusion a lot of these people take from seeing people be made the butt of jokes.......... What are you going to do?
Ive always tried to make this blog a mentally and emotionally safe place. Ive made mistakes, but ive always tried to own up to them and learn from. Like, yeah, theres been some racist shit on this blog before, probably some transphobic shit too, ive had this blog since i just turned 17 in dec. 2013....... Its important for my followers that i cultivate a place that is good for them, that isnt stressful, that focuses on good content or. me having fun in video games lmao. and why is that good? well, because i want to. Its not necessarily the right thing to do nor the wrong thing to do, it just Is morally. But when it comes to cultivating an audience based on constantly shocking people, and making people uncomfortable, and making innocent people scared to exist or ashamed of their existence or hurt because theyre reminded that what they are is disgusting to people like you, whether you mean it or not? Thats where I feel things like this become a moral choice. Like, first of all, even if youre doing it jokingly, if youre having fun pretending to throw punches and kicks even if the point is to laugh at you, you run the risk of people getting hit. Thats why we dont do that in public spaces. When youre jokingly throwing metaphorical punches even if the joke is that youre being an arse purposely, youre in that corridor, and the traffic in that corridor is every single person that sees your post, possibly hundreds, possibly thousands, and so the chance that youre going to hit people - many people - is huge. But to get back to whats on my mind, even if you dont give a shit about all the people you hit accidentally or on purpose, when you train an audience to expect you to feed them meat, when you stop feeding them meat theyll still be looking at you, and if theyre hungry enough - entitled enough, angry enough, uncaring enough, tired of life and other people enough, unknowing enough, ready enough to bring the fight to other people - theyre going to pick at you if not take chunks off you if not tear you to shreds. When you call people who think shock humour and hurting other people is acceptable, well, thats what youve done right?
You dont need to make a blog like mine thats purpose is to be safe. You dont need to actively try to make sure people feel like they fit in with your content, you dont need to create a space for other people to enjoy at all, maybe you just wanna do what makes you laugh. But the less space we hold for people to hurt people the less people are going to get hurt, shocker i know, but also the less harmful people’s anger we are unknowingly feeding, and the less fucking clueless kids who are going to grow up parroting things theyve heard and never understood, that truly evil people understand, and the less content creators in the future we’re going to have to dig out of the hole they back themselves into
anyway. odd post, its done now
#i cant proofread this ugh im at my limit. kinda defeats the point of making this post if its not understandable but anyway#sorry this. i put it here because its directly related to the below post and its about content creators#this might make very little sense and theres probably a lot of logic leaps i didnt explain and maybe im super wrong and whatever but#theres absolutely no need for anyone to address this and its better if it isnt addressed but im in a bit of a bad space mentally right now#(dont worry im going to bed after i do the dishes)#unknowingly hurting people and hurting people in general and people unknowingly backing themselves into corners is just.#on my mind except on my Heart ad emotions right now i just need to talk about it#i just keep thinking if i can save one fucking kid from getting into trouble#hell even the content creators i thoroughly disagree with. the ones echoing harmful ideas and Haha Offensive oppressive content#the idea that some of them are still doing it because they cant escape...... the idea of anyone realising their mistakes and being stuck#and not being able to get out of it#theres so much anger in the world and i Know everyones tired and theyre aching emotionally#everyone including the people i really dont like are all doing what theyre doing because. anyway#its just. the more we can talk about this - and i understand as Many Minority Statuses Overlapping that we dont owe any assholes conversatio#n - the more people who can talk about this talk about this and bridge the gap and drag people who dont know better out of their edgy#phases to become better more conscious people..............#oof. its almost 5am#traitor's ramblings#assault#mention.
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「 danielle campbell, 23, female + she/her 」 ☆ is that GENEVIEVE NOTT spotted in DIAGON ALLEY ?! as they walk along the cobblestone ground they seem to be quite INDEPENDENT, but also ASSERTIVE, it makes sense given they are a POLITICAL JOURNALIST and their patronus is a BLACK SWAN. An IV drip of black coffee, ink stained hands, a place for everything & everything in it's place, unfiltered opinions & casual judgement + SURPRISE YOURSELF by JACK GARRATT make me think of them. || meg, 25, pst, she/her. ||
→ Name: Genevieve Rose Nott
→ Face Claim: Danielle Campbell
→ Age: 23
→ Birthday: February 8
→ Zodiac Sign: Aquarius
→ Sexual Orientation: Bisexual
→ Blood Status: Pureblood
→ Height: 5'3"
→ Patronus: Black Swan
→ Wand: 12" Ash, Unicorn Hair
→ Amortentia: black coffee, spearmint, fresh ink, pear
→ Career: Political Journalist (The Daily Prophet)
→ School: Ilvermorny
→ House: Thunderbird
→ Positive Traits: Independent, Persistent, Intelligent
→ Negative Traits: Assertive, Stubborn, Opinionated
→ Aesthetic: an IV drip of black coffee, ink stained hands, a place for everything & everything in it’s place, unfiltered opinions & casual judgement
→ Song: Surprise Yourself by Jack Garratt
BIOGRAPHY
Genevieve was born on the Nott family estate and lived there until she was five. She has vague memories of the expansive gardens and long hallways that opened into large rooms. She remembers the pretty dresses her mother made her wear and the smiles her spinning around in them brought to the face of her usually reserved father. Her first signs of magic were also in the estate. A rather bad temper tantrum at dinner sent her plate of food flying across the room. It was also the birthplace of her younger brother. She wasn’t fond of the strange new wrinkly addition to the family at first, but soon grew to love him.
The bubble of her life couldn’t last forever. Her father still had the remnants of war stuck to him. The once respected Nott family was cast into the muck of society. She was mostly shielded from the influence of her grandfather’s actions, but it was only getting harder as she got older. The looks she never noticed as an infant, upset her as a toddler and young child who didn’t understand. People said such mean things about her father, the man she only knew for loving her and her mother and brother. It reached the point where she didn’t want to leave the house. She didn’t like strangers. Her parents could no longer let her be affected. They packed up their belongings and moved to the United States, her mother’s home, for a fresh start.
New York became her home. Genevieve thrived in the bustling city. She learned independence and the need to be assertive. She also learned the need for secrecy. The wizarding community was far more integrated with the muggle population, or no-maj population as she soon learned was the American term. All it took was another child laughing at her once over the term muggle for her to adopt it. The integration fueled her views of love and tolerance. Her father had kept his opinions neutral, allowing Genevieve to draw her own conclusions. Her friends were often a mix of both no-maj and wixen. It still took her family by surprise when her first boyfriend was a no-maj even if it only lasted a summer.
School was a mixed basket for Genevieve. She loved Ilvermorny, and the freedom to use magic, and learning everything she could. She didn’t like being away from her family, and the city, and her no-maj friends. It was a delicate and bittersweet balance. She excelled in academics, but struggled making friends. People often found her intimidating, and she never fully understood that. She had no problem speaking her mind, and was fiercely stubborn. It didn’t help that she had a knack for dueling magic. She had a few close friends, and learned to not care about being popular. School was also the time for experimenting, and she was known to go through boyfriends and girlfriends, refusing to settle with anyone for more than a couple of months at a time.
Genevieve discovered a love of politics when she was thirteen. She picked up interest in the world around her and it bled into an interest in the powers that governed it. She wanted to know all about the laws and lawmakers that dictated her life. It led her to activism, pushing to make a difference for the greater good, and inspired her to write. It wasn’t long before she turned the writing into a self-published blog and freelance journalism. She lived on her own after graduating and supported herself through her writing.
It was on a whim that she applied for the open position at The Daily Prophet. She had only been to England for a few holidays since the move when she five. Still, she had kept herself informed on English wizarding politics, and occasionally wrote about it. She was surprised when they asked her for an interview, and hired her on the spot. They had gained quite the reputation during the war, and her fresh, and progressive perspective was wanted to help the paper stay with the times.
The Nott estate once more became filled with life. She had originally wanted to rent a flat in the city, but her parents insisted she stay at the family home. It would be easy enough to apparate, or floo into the city. They saw no sense in her spending her money on a flat when she already had a home. Genevieve drew the line at them sending a house elf with her. She was perfectly capable of doing her own cleaning and cooking. The live-in caretaker that moved into the estate upon their departure could stay to continue with the upkeep of the grounds and estate. She wouldn’t be using the whole house after all. One wing was more than enough for the twenty-one year old.
She had to prove herself. Years of experience in the United States meant nothing to her advisor. He gave her puff pieces for months, much to her annoyance, before she convinced him that she could handle larger stories. She fought tooth and nail to be a correspondent at the Ministry, and to be allowed to do more research heavy pieces. It took a couple years, but she established herself. She earned a reputation for being direct in her questioning, and pulling no punches in her writing. She was thorough in her research, making her trustworthy. She also had the ability to explain even the most complex of issues in a way that anyone could understand. She was formidable, and she knew it. Nothing would hold her back.
FACTS
She is obsessed with coffee. Her day does not truly begin until she has had a cup of coffee. She usually has several throughout the day. She takes her coffee black. Despite her love of coffee, she does not like coffee flavored things.
Her accent is a mix. She spent the first five years picking up a British accent, but her time in the States got rid of most of it. Still, her father was a huge influence on her. She kept some of the accent because of hearing how he spoke, and she picked up plenty of his terms. Her accent was mostly American when she moved back five years ago, but it has been becoming more British over the years.
Genevieve loves to paint. She has a room dedicated to painting, filled with supplies and used to store all her paintings. She does often paint outside as well. It is her favorite hobby besides creative writing and reading
Potential connections can be found here. However, they are only a few suggestions and I am always open to other suggestions, or figuring out something new together through plotting. The best place to reach out to me for plotting is discord - Meg#4550 - since I prefer it on mobile. Of course, I am still available on this blog as well. I look forward to plotting and writing with everyone!
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⋆ ˚｡⋆୨୧˚apple of my eye ˚୨୧⋆｡˚ ⋆ Chapter V
gang!au, gang member!han jisung, underground band!au, florist!reader
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
a/n: this chapter is written a little differently, most of the action will be happening in the upcoming chapters. okay stays im the writer and I Am: Anxious
masterlist
warnings: alludes to drugs (selling), blood bruise mention, gun mention, and themes of stalking and abuse
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Minho had always been the head between the two of them. Jisung had always been much too emotional. It wasn’t that he wasn’t smart- Jisung had a showcase of talents, a variety of things that he was incredibly good at. It never used to be a big deal, not before they had started the ‘band.’ The nine of them had always been best friends, growing up the same block in a not so great area of the city? They knew, even as children, that they needed each other. Their chances as a group were far better than their chances as individuals. When they were younger, Jisung always got crushes easily. And it wasn’t the kind of thing was he would get one and then leave when someone else caught his eye. No, he fell in love with the strangest things. At least, what Minho considered strange. Jisung had gotten crushes on the little things that people did. Minho remembered that once, he had ended up confessing to someone in high school because of how they laughed. Because Jisung adored making them laugh. Within this same field, he had always been the more empathetic of the group. One day, while the rest of the boys played tag around the playground, Jisung came crying over. A bird’s mother had dropped the baby bird, and in its weak attempt to fly- it died. And Jisung was crying, sobbing over the fact that there was nothing he could do to save the bird. No one but Chan knew how to comfort Jisung properly, and even then it would take a while.
It had always been endearing, a charismatic character trait until their band. It started sophomore year of high school. Really, it turned out they were all inclined to the arts when they had taken a music and dance class in middle school. But that wasn’t the sort of thing you could be proud of, not around here. Eventually, the school pulled the funding for the class anyway. But their passion hadn’t died, and instead of meeting up to play rough or cause trouble in some public places, they san, dance, rapped. It felt transformative, and when they got their first gig- an underground club agreed to let them perform their music, they were over the moon. It was all the group of boys could talk about, becoming the conversation topic sooner or later.
Minho had known that the club would’ve been sketchy- every underground club around here only had one to be underground. And even if the rest of the boys pretended not to be aware, he was. Their performance was lively in the beginning, everyone pouring their soul into the performance but even when they realized that there was not-so-discreet deals, the passing of handshakes, angel dust crumbs still lingering on people’s nose. Maybe it was because they had nothing to compare it to at the time, but the crowd was nothing they’ve ever seen before. They were dancing, shouting, screaming the lyrics. Maybe it was wrong, they all knew there was something immoral about this- but they had never felt so accomplished. Misguided as they were, they all had an idea about what they were getting themselves into.
Jisung had mixed feelings, after the performance he was crying again. Both out of happiness, the thrill of singing, rapping, dancing- performing with an audience. But he felt as if he had wronged them somehow. As if he was the one selling them the packets, and soon, too soon, he would be. Jisung was the only one on the fence about doing so, even after the entirety of the group had decided: it was wrong, but necessary. There were worse they could do. Even the youngest had come to that conclusion in a matter of a few weeks. It wasn’t that they tried going it by the traditional way, uploading it online- seeking companies. But if they didn’t reject them altogether, producers would want to cut members of the group out. And it was nine or none. Chan, who was usually composed, would cry after they had gotten rejected- or if someone had said that a group member ‘just didn’t have it.’ It felt as though it was a failure on his part.
Until one day they just had enough.
Jisung had come around eventually. And quickly, very quickly, they had risen in popularity. They were a regular at NOT!, an underground club that had become exclusive when they didn’t have enough room to house all their fans. Stray kids, their self given name, were still giving their all within each and every performance. But behind the scenes, there they were moving and selling packages like there was no way they could be caught. But, this life was missing its flaws. One night, an incident occurred- it had to happen sometime. They were just lucky that no one had died. Shots were fired in NOT!, and although no one had died, it was enough to rupture chaos within the mix of sober and high people.
Jisung had cried that night.
It was only later that they learned that members of N/S had found their way into the club. The boys weren’t stupid, they knew it was risky to sell in their vicinity- but what they weren’t aware of, was how risky. As their popularity with the locals and city folk arose, so did the competition against N/S. And N/S didn’t appreciate it, not one bit. That night, everyone had looked over to Chan and Woojin, hoping they would have some type of answer.
But they didn’t.
The club owner made a suggestion to them, an offer. That night, each boy, regardless of license- left with a gun. They had reached the point of irreversible change. They were in it for the long run now, and there was no backing out. Tensions grew and grew between the two gangs, even though Woojin and Chan refuse to call it that. To them, Stray Kids was a band, and it was just a band. But they had collected fans, ones that could relate to their cause and because of that, they considered the tension between Stray Kids and N/S their fight to win, too. But they refused to stop making music, stop trying to be successful within their own realm. The boys began to leave behind the dealings, reduced the number of packages they moved. But the tension in the city was growing until it smothered everyone. But N/S didn’t care, and one day the unpredictable happened. A black car drove by and ended up hitting Jisung in the side of his thigh. Everyone was livid then, even after Jisung had fully recovered. Now, it was decided, that it was shoot on sight.
Jisung didn’t cry that night.
So, when Jisung talked about ____ so dreamily, the group had some major concerns.
“I understand, I know you really like them,” Chan was staring at his laptop, composing a new song as Woojin played some notes for him on the piano, “But it’s risky, you should wait until things die down.” Woojin played a melody and nodded his head. “I agree, this isn’t something you should be considering right now,” Woojin added, “We can still meet them ___, but you’ll have to distance yourself after that.” As if the last part hadn’t quite registered, Jisung immediately became hyper-active again, scrambling notes for lyrics in a notebook, all about ___.
It wasn’t that Minho didn’t like ___, they were a good person. They were kind and mellowed Jisung out. It was good to see a little more emotional ever since the drive-by. But Minho always thought when Jisung didn’t.
“You shouldn’t get ___ involved,” Minho sat Jisung down, “It’s already dangerous for you. You’re always talking about how anxious and careful they are, how much they care about you. You can’t involve them.”
“But I’m not,” Jisung said curtly, “I’m going to be careful.”
“You can’t promise anything, not when you know what we do.”
Minho felt like he was the only one willing to face reality, aware of both the damage and good they were doing. The good and evil they were capable of. He was the only one of the few who had come to terms with his mortality, the others opting to live in a dreamscape.
But nightmares would soon trespass.
The night of the flower shop incident, things had gone to shit real fast. The number of gunshots had increased exponentially, the feds cracking down on everybody. But somehow, never being able to find enough, the truth hidden somewhere in angel dust. The boys had chosen to go off the grid and warned Jisung if he didn’t, then ___ wouldn’t just be missing Jisung, they would be mourning over him. So he chose the lesser of two evils, disappearing in the dead of night.
Minho wasn’t usually one to act outside of the group’s decision, believing that for everyone to be able to get along- cooperation is key. But he thought it was strange, each member experiencing some sort of life-threatening event once leaving the karaoke bar? And ___’s shop getting the worst of it? So, before the boys woke up, Minho made his way to the flower shop.
He hadn’t expected to see you though, and he most definitely didn’t expect to have you caught in the crossfires. And once Minho had told the group what happened, there was no stopping Jisung from returning to the shop.
Very few times had Minho seen Jisung angry, and never, never had he seen Jisung as enraged as he was that night. Jisung was nearly fuming, Minho could imagine steam coming off of him. And as Jisung found the ex, sleeping in your bed, after obviously going through your stuff- being an awful, disgusting creep. Jisung had nearly killed him and would have if the guy wasn’t a good fighter. Jisung dragged him out of your room, and he toppled down the stairs like a bag of bricks. He had finally decided to run off, and Jisung was too angry to be relieved that the guy didn’t have a gun, or any weapon to fight back. This feeling in Jisung was primal, but the adrenaline had to come down sometime, and then, and only then did Jisung feel the pain of each cut and bruise that he had gotten, but not earned.
But he wanted to see you, he wanted to see you more than anyone he had ever wanted to see before. It was all he could think about as he toppled down in the guest room, hearing your cries. Even after he left that morning, he traced his fingers on his lips still thinking about you. He decided that he’d rather be beaten up several more times than ever have to see you in that state again. It became his mission, his life’s goal to take down N/S. It wasn’t easy, and after hearing that you were going to return to your beloved shop. He knew it was in vain, but he had to attempt to stop you- he couldn’t live with himself if he hadn’t at least tried, but that was before this. He would’ve never thought about this, not even in his nightmares could this have been happening.
You were in his arm, caught in a chokehold. Tears streaming down your face, gasping for air. The gun digging into the side of your head as Jisung pulled out his gun, pointing it at him.
“Go ahead,” he was laughing, face bright and happy, “But I’m not leaving without ___. To love and to hold, in sickness and in health. Up in heaven, or down on this hellish earth.”
Jisung didn’t know what to do, tears in his eyes as he shook, arms and beloved biceps trembling. He brought it down, face contorted with anger. And he watched, angry tears pouring out of his eyes as he watched you be taken away
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#stray kids#stray kids fanfic#stray kids imagines#stray kids han#stray kids han jisung#skz imagines#skz fic#skz han jisung#skz fluff#skz angst#han jisung#han jisung fanfic#han jisung imagine#han jisung imagines
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Age Of Empires 4 Mac Free Download
Age Of Empires 2 Download
Age Of Empires 4 Release Date
Age Of Empires 4 Download
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8/10 (226 votes) - Download Age of Empires 3 Free. Download and play Age of Empires 3 on your PC and enjoy the full game collection the Asian expansions and the revolution of Amerindian civilizations. Jun 16, 2018 If you’re into the RTS genre and enjoy games like Age of Empires, you might also appreciate downloading Starcraft for free for Mac and Windows which is another free blast from the past, and if you’re a Blizzard fan you might also like installing Warcraft 3 on the Mac which still works great if you download the latest version from Blizzard. Aug 04, 2016 Age of Empires is a civilization-building strategy game with few competitors. Last update 4 Aug. 2016 Licence Free to try OS Support Mac.
Age of Empires 4 is the strategy game that mix the wonderful clicks of this War-Craft with the technical modernization of this civilization, combining them in a real-time strategy video game bigger, more intense and smarter than most of its competitors. Age of Empires IV has been developed at the studios of Relic Entertainment.
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Variety
Age of Empires IV certainly has some sort situations, landscapes, characters, cultures, creatures and modalities. In more diverse and bigger maps, the visual effects would be certainly enriched by having a range of units. Scenarios, inhabited by buildings and characters of various shapes, have certainly benefited from the graphic enhancement. More elements that act on screen — waves in motion, more energy, furrowed by a wide range of ships plains adorned by areas and chunks, flocks of animals moving, waiting to be slaughtered for supplies.
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Age of Empires IV on PC is a strategy game that belongs to the strategy saga that is famed. You will be able to get involved in conflicts with armies owning their particular traits. Empires will rise, history will be made — this is actually the motto of the epic game. Playing with this strategy game will provide you the experience it has been giving since years by the time of its sequels. Each time it provides the impression that you are fighting to your empire.
PC Requirements
OS: Windows 7 SP1 with Platform Update.
Processor: AMD FX-4350, 4.2 GHz / Intel Core i5- 2300, 2.80 GHz.
Memory: 6 GB RAM.
Graphics: AMD HD 7870, 2 GB – Nvidia GTX 660 2 GB.
DirectX: Version 11.
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Sound Card: Any.
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When talking about strategy games Age of Empires II has to be one of the most played of all time. It was first released in 1997 and it has been growing ever since. There are over ten different titles, but all of them have something in common: you are in command of a civilization and you are responsible for making it thrive and conquer. The storylines are based on history and cover almost 10,000 years starting from the Stone Age.
The second installment of this game (The Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings) comes with new maps and other added features. You can choose between playing on your own (against the computer) or be joining in a multiplayer experience that will let you test your skills as a leader of any of the civilizations included in the game, 13 in total. This version covers a historic period that goes from the fall of the Roman Empire up to the Middle Ages.
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Years after the release of the original one an HD version was created just for Steam. This means that it includes new features like the possibility of adding content created by you or others from the Steam Workshop.
Of course, this is not a newly released game and as such you might find its graphics and some features a bit dated, but if you can dismiss that you’ll surely spend quite a few hours discovering and enjoying its possibilities. Also, a piece of good news in that respect, Microsoft just announced it will release renewed versions of Age of Empires II and III. This will surely bring back some of the old fans eager to get a firsthand view and find out if they have indeed improved on the classic games.
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Don’t rely solely on combat and confrontation; you can also use diplomacy to help your civilization advance.
Use trade as an economy boosting alternative. Engage in commercial exchanges that work to your advantage.
Each civilization has distinctive architecture and technology. Find out what sets them apart and learn the particulars of each one, like their different forms of combat.
It includes maps of the real world.
Great multiplayer experience.
Advanced Features
Be one with history, choose one of the campaigns that are based on historical characters and walk in the shoes of the likes of Genghis Khan or William Wallace.
There are many ways to play and win the game; there is even a pacifist option. You don’t have to exterminate anyone to win; you just need to complete a wonder before everyone else does.
The HD version of the game includes options that are Steam specific like access to features from the workshop or matchmaking.
System Requirements
For the PC version of the game you’re required to have the following:
Windows XP or later.
At least 1GB of available RAM.
DirectX 9.0
2GB of available hard disk space for the install.
A processor with speed 1.2 GHz or higher.
Pricing
As with almost everything else in life, the price depends on the vendor. The PC version of Age of Empire II: The Age of Kings sells for USD 24.99. You can also get the gold edition of the game (also for PC) for USD 33.99.
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Pros
It’s a great real-time strategy game. You will find yourself learning the particulars of every civilization to use it in your favor.
There isn’t just one way to play or win it, you can find different alternatives depending on the civilization you’re playing with and the style of play that you choose.
With the release of the HD version, which was released for Steam, you can take advantage of some features as matchmaking.
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When you compare it to more recently released games, you’ll find that the graphics look really dated.
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As it happens with games that have been around for so long and that have such a massive fan base, this is one of the cult games around. A leader on its category and also among games in general, this might not be the most recent version (Age of Empires III was also released) but you can still find people developing modes for this one. The fact that the mere announcement that a “remastered” version would be released raises so much interest should give you an idea of how popular this game really is.
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Granted, it doesn’t have the best graphics around, especially considering how far we’ve come in that respect in recent years. Also, there have been complaints about bugs in the first releases, but if you can get passed all of that you will find that this is a very enjoyable and entertaining game that will provide hours of fun while wiping out entire civilizations on the way.
An appealing feature that was included in this release was being able to take on the persona of a historic character. Wouldn’t you like to lead your troops as William Wallace? That is just one of the options that you get. Also in this version the more diplomatic pacifist gameplay; you can win by using your engineering abilities and finishing a wonder before everyone else instead of just vanishing them from the face of the Earth. You can even use your trading capabilities to win games, so it’s not only about pure military power; there are different nuances that will make every playing session different from the one before.
As we mentioned above, a new version of this game is on the works. This is the kind of things that happen when you have a product that even years after its original release maintains its following. Now you have a choice, if you have never played before, you can either get started with the original version or wait for the new one and find out what Microsoft will do to give this beloved game a refreshed look. This move will sure make it current again and we will have Age of Empires II for years to come.
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Vitamin Drip Therapy: The Science Behind This Celebrity Beauty Secret
Vitamin drip therapy. Celebrities treat themselves to it before hitting the red carpet. Fitness enthusiasts use it to increase the intensity of their workouts. Plastic surgeons prescribe it to reduce pain and speed up healing post-surgery. And best of all, science shows it works!
Although it’s been around since the mid 1950’s, vitamin drip therapy isn’t very well known to the general public. It’s not much of a secret to Hollywood’s top celebrities, though – Simon Cowell, Cindy Crawford, Geri Halliwell, Madonna, Rihanna, Kim Kardashian, and Kate Upton have all spoken highly of the procedure.
Imagine a spa salon filled with people reclining in couches or lounge chairs. Now instead of the massage oils, foot baths, or nail dryers you’d expect to find, imagine intravenous drips, hanging from the patrons’ arms. That’s what vitamin therapy is like.
It may sound like the stuff of science fiction, but the procedure’s proponents swear by its age-defying properties: restore the skin’s youthful glow, stimulate boundless energy, prevent illness, and even ward off diseases like cancer… it seems like there’s nothing these intravenous concoctions can’t do.
Since this all sounds a little too good to be true, I spoke with an expert in the field to find out more: Dr. Kristine Blanche, leader of Integrative Healthcare at Aristocrat Plastic Surgery in New York and Long Island, has been delivering vitamin drips for more than a decade.
And to separate the hype from the hard facts, I also conducted a brief review of scientific literature on the topic. Here’s what I learned.
How does vitamin drip therapy work?
“Most medications given intravenously – IV antibiotics, for example – are more powerful. The same is true for intravenous vitamins,” says Dr. Blanche. “The benefits are many, though one of the major benefits is that the vitamins or minerals bypass the gut and go right where they need to be – directly into the bloodstream.
“For any number of reasons, many people have digestive issues so it’s hard for them to absorb nutrients from food and/or nutritional supplements,” Dr. Blanche continues, “With IV nutrients, we get to place the nutrients into the bloodstream directly, ‘filling the tank’ to help the body heal, which has great benefits for the immune system, adrenal glands and so forth.”
What type of nutrients can be administered using a vitamin drip?
Dr. Blanche informs that nutrients can include:
Vitamin C – to boost the immune system and fight the flu and viruses.
B vitamins – to help with attention, focus and energy.
Magnesium – to relax and support every cell of the body, and as a great supplement for athletic performance and recovery.
Zinc and selenium – to help support the thyroid, immune system and wound healing.
Amino acids – for enhanced brain health.
Glutathione – for anti-aging, anti-cancer, and even as a treatment and preventative nutrient for Parkinson’s disease.
The vitamin drip cocktail menu
Most vitamin drip providers offer a wide array of options to their clients. Depending on your objectives, you can browse the menu and choose your vitamin ‘cocktail’ of choice. At some outlets, you can even have a special custom-made cocktail put together.
For instance, Aristocrat Plastic Surgery offers “The Myers Cocktail” – a combination of magnesium, vitamin C and B vitamins used to treat a wide range of clinical conditions.
New York’s IV Doc is a high-end mobile service that caters to clients in the comfort of their home, hotel, or private office. For $399, their Beautifying Hydration Treatment promises to make you look and feel your best prior to a special event or night out. The special concoction includes:
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Multi-Vitamin Cocktail (“Banana Bag”)
Similarly, Vitasquad in Miami offers a mixed infusion LiquiBeauty package:
Saline
Glutathione
Magnesium chloride
Vitamin C
Trace elements – chromium, zinc, selenium, copper and manganese
B complex vitamins – B1, B2, B3, B5, B6
Methylcobalamin – B12
Is the vitamin drip an effective anti aging treatment?
“Yes, it’s my personal favorite for anti-aging,” says Dr. Blanche. “The antioxidant effect of vitamin C and glutathione is very powerful, as it protects against free radicals and scavenges them to prevent cell damage. I tell my patients to think of oxidation from free radicals as a kind of rusting. Antioxidants such as vitamin C prevent the rust, which makes them a potent anti-aging formula. Glutathione is the most powerful anti-aging treatment we use, along with the incredible benefits it provides for the brain!”
Kim Kardashian and Kate Upton have used IV Vitamin drip treatments.
Many Hollywood celebrities use vitamin drips to give their beauty regimen an additional edge. Kim Kardashian and Kate Upton have called upon New York’s IV Doc’s dedicated in-home services for a quick, 30-minute boost before hitting the red carpet.
Is there any pain to be expected with a vitamin drip?
If the thought of needles makes your stomach squirm, vitamin drip therapy might not be the best option for you. Still, the procedure is quite painless. “The only pain you’ll feel is during the few seconds it takes to insert the needle,” says Dr. Blanche. “We use IV catheters so the patient feels more comfortable.”
Once the catheter is introduced into the vein using a needle, the needle is removed, leaving the end of the plastic catheter tube in the arm, which is then taped into place. “People like that the needle is removed for the treatment because it allows them to bend their arm or even go to the bathroom,” adds Dr. Blanche.
How long does the treatment take?
Depending on the treatment selected, it can take anywhere from 45 minutes to an hour and a half.
What does the average vitamin drip cost?
The cost of a drip at Aristocrat Plastic Surgery ranges from $250 to $450, depending on the contents of the drip.
New York’s IV Doc’s Beautifying Hydration Treatment will set you back $399 for a 30 minute infusion of up to 1 liter of IV fluid.
Miami’s Vitasquad LiquiBeauty infusion costs $95 per 500mL for the traditional treatment, or $175 for Liquid Life, their ultimate IV infusion.
Is there any science to show vitamin therapy really works?
As suggested earlier, vitamin drips aren’t new. They were pioneered back in the mid 1950’s by Dr. John Myers, a medical doctor who discovered that they were an effective treatment for a wide variety of conditions such as asthma attacks, acute migraines, fatigue (including chronic fatigue syndrome), fibromyalgia, acute muscle spasm, upper respiratory tract infections, chronic sinusitis, and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Improvements were also seen in patients with congestive heart failure, thyroid problems, and more.
But even though Myers had almost two decades of clinical experience, with many positive reports from patients, only a limited amount of published research is available. Here is a short synopsis of some of the scientific evidence I found.
Vitamin C drip benefits
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is well known for its powerful antioxidant properties, which exhibit a range of health benefits across many diseases. It comes as no surprise that intravenous vitamin C has received the most research attention, particularly for its potential as a cancer treatment.
When cancer develops, there is a direct imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Fighting this through the intravenous administration of vitamins is more effective than oral solutions, which often fail to sufficiently increase the presence of vitamins in the blood. This has been demonstrated in a number of scientific papers.
Some research even shows that vitamin C infusions increase antioxidants and help fight off cancer cells in some patients. However, other studies show no such correlation. Scientists have not yet reached a definitive conclusion on this topic.
In terms of side effects, one thing scientists tend to agree upon is that vitamin C drip therapy is safe and shows promise for improving outcomes for cancer patients. High-dose vitamin C has also shown to be effective in the treatment of viral infections, mitigating any long-term effects. It also has the ability to reduce blood pressure.
Intravenous magnesium benefits
Intravenous magnesium can play a major role in decreasing post-operative pain and reducing the need for medications, according to number of studies (a,b,c).
A 15 to 30 minute magnesium infusion given to adults with acute asthma has also been shown to reduce hospital admissions by 7%.
Since magnesium is a mineral used in over 300 enzymatic body functions, more research is required to determine how intravenous magnesium could benefit other conditions as well.
Intravenous glutathione
As suggested by Dr. Blanche, intravenous glutathione is an incredibly powerful antioxidant. Research has shown that it reduces oxidative stress and may aid in preventing the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease.
Vitamin D drip
Most of the research on intravenous vitamin D has focused on hemodialysis patients, where it has been shown to reduce the rate of infection and death, and improve their quality of life.
Vitamin B drip
Intravenous vitamin B1 (thiamine) has been shown to improve outcomes for cardiac patients both pre- and post-surgery (a,b,c).
The Myers cocktail, which includes the range of B vitamins, has been shown to improve symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Intravenous vitamin B3 (niacin) has been shown to assist with weight loss by reducing belly fat storage.
Intravenous vitamin B12 (cobalamin/ methylcobalamin) is effective for patients with peripheral neuropathy.
Anti-aging
Unfortunately, there are no direct studies to confirm that vitamin drips have any anti-aging properties. However, research shows that antioxidant nutrients have the ability to minimize the effects of aging.
Since vitamin therapy does in fact increase the presence of nutrients in the blood more effectively than oral doses, it does arguably present real anti-aging benefits. After all, it has the potential to feed the body’s cells more efficiently, lowering the oxidative stress and free radicals that speed up aging.
Vitamin drips as a post surgery treatment
Aristocrat Plastic Surgery is just one of several plastic surgery facilities that now offer vitamin therapy to reduce pain and promote faster healing after post operatively.
“Our surgical patients see the best results when they are administered pre-op drips that boost vitamin C, zinc and selenium because it helps reduce risk of infection, and speeds up wound healing,” says Dr. Blanche. “After surgery, we recommend post-op drips because they help the body detoxify from the anesthesia and reduce recovery time.”
The article “ Vitamin Drip Therapy: The Science Behind This Celebrity Beauty Secret” was first seen on Drip IV
Boost your immune system with IV vitamin therapy at Dr. Amauri Wellness Centre located in the heart of Yorkville, Toronto.
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NCERT Class 12 English Chapter 5 Indigo
NCERT Class 12 English :: Chapter 5 Indigo
(English Flamingo Prose)
QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED:
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. Strike out what is not true in the following:(a)Rajkumar Shukla was:(i)a sharecropper (ii)a politician(iii)delegate (iv)a landlord.(b) Rajkumar Shukla was:(i) poor (ii)physically strong(iii) illiterate.Ans: (a) (ii) a politician(b) (ii) physically strong
Q2. Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being ‘resolute’?Ans: He had come all the way from Champaran district in the foothills of Himalayas to Lucknow to speak to Gandhi. Shukla accompanied Gandhi everywhere. Shukla followed him to the ashram near Ahmedabad. For weeks he never left Gandhi’s side till Gandhi asked him to meet at Calcutta.
Q3. Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant?Ans: Shukla led Gandhi to Rajendra Prasad’s house. The servants knew Shukla as a poor yeoman. Gandhi was also clad in a simple dhoti. He was the companion of a peasant. Hence, the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at Champaran.Ans: Gandhi’s first meeting with Shukla was at Lucknow. Then he went to Cawnpore and other parts of India. He returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad. Later he went to Calcutta, Patna and Muzaffarpur before arriving at Champaran.
Q2. What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want instead and why? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo?Ans: The peasants paid the British landlords indigo as rent. Now Germany had developed synthetic indigo. So, the British landlords wanted money as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The prices of natural indigo would go down due to the synthetic Indigo.
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi’s method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence?Ans: Gandhi’s politics was intermingled with the day-to-day problems of the millions of Indians. He opposed unjust laws. He was ready to court arrest for breaking such laws and going to jail. The famous Dandi March to break the ‘salt law’ is another instance. The resistance and disobedience was peaceful and a fight for truth and justice…This was linked directly to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers?Ans: For Gandhi the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been forced to return part of the money, and with it, part of their prestige too. So, he agreed to settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers.
Q2. How did the episode change the plight of the peasants?Ans: The peasants were saved from spending time and money on court cases. After some years the British planters gave up control of their estates. These now reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXTQ1.Why do you think Gaffdhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning- point in his life?Ans: The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of large number of poor peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi admits that what he had done was a very ordinary thing. He declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Hence, he considered the Champaran episode as a turning- point in his life.
Q2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers? Give instances.Ans: Gandhi asked the lawyers what they would do if he was sentenced to prison. They said that they had come to advise him. If he went to jail, they would go home. Then Gandhi asked them about the injustice to the sharecroppers. The lawyers held consultations. They came to the conclusion that it would be shameful desertion if they went home. So, they told Gandhi that they were ready to follow him into jail.
Q3. “What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of ‘home rule’?Ans: The average Indians in smaller localities were afraid to show sympathy for the advocates of home-rule. Gandhi stayed at Muzaffarpur for two days at the home of Professor Malkani, a teacher in a government school. It was an extraordinary thing in those days for a government professor to give shelter to one who opposed the government.
Q4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?Ans: Professor J.B. Kriplani received Gandhi at Muzaffarpur railway station at midnight. He had a large body of students with him. Sharecroppers from Champaran came on foot and by conveyance to see Gandhi. Muzaffarpur lawyers too called on him. A vast multitude greeted Gandhi when he reached Motihari railway station. Thousands of people demonstrated around the court room. This shows that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement in India.
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXTDiscuss the following:Q1. “Freedom from fear is more important than Legal justice for the poor.”Do you think that the poor of India are free from fear after Independence?Ans: For the poor of India means of survival are far more important than freedom or legal justice. I don’t think the poor of India are free from fear after Independence.The foreign rulers have been replaced by corrupt politicians and self-serving bureaucracy. Power- brokers and moneylenders have a field day. The situation has improved in cities and towns for the poor but the poor in the remote villages still fear the big farmers and moneylenders. The police and revenue officials are still objects of terror for them.The poor, landless workers have to still work hard to make both ends meet. Peasants and tenant-farmers have to borrow money from rich moneylenders on exorbitant rates of interest, which usually they fail to repay due to failure of monsoon or bad crops. Cases of small farmers committing suicide are quite common. If this is not due to fear, what is the reason behind it?
Q2. The qualities of a good leader.Ans: A good leader has a mass appeal. He rises from the masses, thinks for them and works for them. He is sincere in his approach. He is a man of principles. Truth, honesty, patriotism, morality, spirit of service and sacrifice are the hallmarks of a good leader. He never mixes politics with religion or sect. He believes in working for the welfare of the nation and does not think in the narrow terms of class, caste or region. Corruption and nepotism are two evils that surround a leader in power. The life of a good leader is an open book. There is no difference between his words and actions. Such good leaders are very rare. What we find today are practical politicians, who think of achieving their end without bothering about . the purity of means. The law of expediency gets the better of morality.
WORKING WITH WORDS 1.List the words used in the text that are related to legal procedures.For example: depositionAns: Notice, summons, prosecutor, trial, plead, guilty, order, penalty, sentence, bail, judgement, prison, case, inquiry, evidence, commission.•List other words that you know that fall into this category.Ans. Complaint, complainant, decree, defendant, witness, prosecution, defence, sessions, jury, verdict, decision.
THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE Q1. Notice the sentences in the text which are in ‘direct speech’. Why does the author use quotations in his narration?Ans: The following sentences in the text are in ‘direct speech’.(а)He said, “I will tell you how it happened that I decided to urge the departure of the British. It was in 1917.”(b)Gandhi recounted. “A peasant came up to me looking like any other peasant in India, poor and emaciated, and said, ‘I am Rajkumar Shukla. I am from Champaran, and I want you to come to my district!”(c)Gandhi said, “I have to be in Calcutta on such-and-such a date. Come and meet me and take me from there”.(d)“It was an extraordinary thing ‘in those days,” Gandhi commented, Tor a government professor to harbour a man like me.’(e)He said, “I have come to the conclusion that we should stop going to law courts. Taking such cases to the courts does little good. Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless. The real relief for them is to be free from fear.”(f) “The commissioner,” Gandhi reports, “proceeded to bully me and advised me forthwith to leave Tirhut”.(g)‘But how much must we pay?’ they asked Gandhi.(h)One woman took Kasturbabai into her hut and said, “Look, there is no box or cupboard here for clothes. The sari I am wearing is the only one I have”.(i) “What I did”, he explained, “was a very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country”.(j) He said, “You think that in this unequal fight it would be helpful if we have an Englishman on our side. This shows the weakness of your heart. The cause is just and you must rely upon yourselves to win the battle. You should not seek a prop in Mr ‘ Andrews because he happens to be an Englishman”.(k) “He had read our minds correctly,” Rajendra Prasad comments, “and we had no reply … Gandhi in this way taught uS a lesson in self-reliance”.The choice of the direct form strengthens the effectiveness of narration. The author uses quotations to highlight certain points which may not appear so effective in reporting indirectly.
Q2. Notice the use or non-use of the comma in the following sentences:(a) When I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevagram, he told me what happened in Champaran.(b) He had not proceeded far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him. (c) When the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.Ans: (i) When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.(ii) No comma is used when the main clause comes before the subordinate clause.
THINGS TO DO 1.Choose an issue that has provoked a controversy like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy or the Narmada Dam Project in which the lives of the poor have been affected.2.Find out the facts of the case.3.Present your arguments.4.Suggest a possible settlement.Ans: Extension activity : To be attempted under the guidance of the teacher.
MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1.Who was Rajkumar Shukla? Why did he come to Lucknow?Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran district in Bihar. He had come to Lucknow, where a Congress session was being held, to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar.
Q2. Where is Champaran district situated? What did the peasants grow there? How did they use their harvest?Ans: Champaran district of Bihar is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas, near the kingdom of Nepal. Under an ancient arrangement, the Champaran peasants were sharecroppers. They had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of the land and give it to the English estate owners as rent.
Q3. How did the development of synthetic indigo affect the English estate owners and the Indian tenants?Ans: The English estate owners saw that indigo cultivation was no longer profitable.Ihey wanted money from the sharecroppers as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. They obtained agreements from their tenants to this effect and extorted money illegally and deceitfully.
Q4. How did the Indian peasants react to the new agreement released them from sharecropping arrangement?Ans: The sharecropping arrangement was troublesome to the peasants. Many of them signed the new agreement willingly. Some resisted and engaged lawyers. Then they came to know about synthetic indigo. The peasants wanted their money back.
Q5. Why do you think Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from Rajendra Prasad’s well at Patna?Ans: The servants of Rajendra Prasad thought Gandhi to be another peasant. They did not know him. They were not certain whether he was an untouchable or not. They feared that some drops from his bucket might pollute the entire well. So, he was not permitted to draw water from the well.
Q6. Why did Gandhi decide to go first to Muzaffarpur before going to Champaran:Ans: Gandhi wanted to obtain more complete information about conditions than Shukla was capable of imparting. Muzaffarpur lawyers, who frequently represented peasant groups in courts, brief Gandhi about their cases.
Q7. Why did Gandhi chide the lawyers? What according to him was the real relief for the sharecroppers?Ans: Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big fee from the poor sharecroppers. He thought that taking such cases to the court did little good to the crushed and fear-stricken peasants. The relief for them, according to Gandhi, was to be free from fear.
Q8. How did Ga n dhi begin his mission in Champaran ? How far did his efforts prove successful ?Ans: He began by trying to get the facts. First, he visited the secretary of the British landlord’s association. He told Gandhi that they could give no information to an outsider. Then Gandhi called on the British official commissioner of the Tirhut Division. The commissioner tried to bully Gandhi and advised him to leave Tirhut.
Q9. How did Gandhi react to the commissioner’s advice? Where did he go and how did people react to his arrival?Ans: Gandhiji did not leave Tirhut division. Instead, he went to Motihari, the capital of Champaran. Several lawyers accompanied him. At the railway station, a very large crowd of people greeted Gandhi.
Q10. Where did Gandhiji want to go? What happened to him on the way? Ans: Gandhiji wanted to go to a nearby village where a peasant had been maltreated. He had not gone far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him and ordered him to return to town in his carriage. Gandhiji obeyed the order and returned with him.
Q11. ‘In consequence, Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court next day.’Which events of the previous day led to this state of affairs?Ans: The police superintendent’s messenger served an official notice on Gandhi. It ordered him to quit Champaran immediately. Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice. He wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. Hence, he was summoned to appear in the court.
Q12. What according to Gandhi was the beginning of the poor peasants’ ‘Liberation front fear of the British’ ?Ans: The next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. They had heard that a Mahatma who wanted to help them was in trouble with the authorities. They spontaneously demonstrated, in thousands, arround the courthouse. Gandhiji called their action of protest as their liberation from fear of the British.
Q13. Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?[Delhi 2014]Ans: Gandhiji felt that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless. Because the real relief for the peasants would come only when they become fearless. The peasants were in acute panic.
Q14. What was the “conflict of duties” in which Gandhi was involved?Ans: First, he did not want to set a bad example as a law breaker. Second, he wanted to render the “humanitarian and national service” for which he had come. He respected the lawful authority, but disregarded the order to leave to obey the voice of his conscience.
Q15. What according to Rajendra Prasad, was the upshot of the consultations of the lawyers regarding the injustice to sharecroppers?Ans: They thought that Gandhi was a total stranger. Yet he was ready to go to prison for the sake of the peasants. On the other hand, the lawyers were the residents of nearby districts. They also claimed to have served these peasants. It would be shameful desertion if they should go home then.
Q16. “Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.” How?Ans: A case against Gandhi was initiated for disregarding government orders. The spontaneous demonstration of thousands of peasants baffled the officials. The judge was requested to postpone the trial. Gandhi refused to furnish bail. The judge released him without bail. Several days later Gandhi received an official letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed.
Q17. What do you think, led Gandhi to exclaim “The battle of Champaran is won”?Ans: Gandhi was ready to go to jail fighting against the injustice to the sharecroppers. Many prominent lawyers had come from all over Bihar to advise and help him. At first, they said they would go back if Gandhi went to prison. Later, they had consultations. They told Gandhi they were ready to follow him into jail. This support made Gandhi extremely happy and confident. This confidence led him to exclaim that the battle of Champaran was won.
Q18. How did Gandhi and the lawyers try to secure justice for the sharecroppers?Ans: They started conducting a detailed enquiry into the grievances of the peasants. Depositions by about ten thousand peasants were written down. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area came alive with the activities of the investigators. The landlords raised loud protests.
Q19. What was the reaction of Gandhi and his associates when he was summoned to the lieutenant governor?Ans: In June, Gandhiji was summoned to Sir Edward Gait, the Lieutenant Governor. Anything could happen. Gandhi met his leading associates before going. Detailed plans for civil disobedience were chalked out in case he should not return.
Q20. What was the outcome of the four protracted interviews Gandhiji had with the Lieutenant Governor? Ans: An official commission of enquiry into the sharecroppers’ situation was appointed. This commission consisted of landlords, government officials and Gandhi as the sole representative of the peasants.
Q21. Why did the big planters agree in principle to make refund to the peasants?Ans: The official inquiry assembled a huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. The crushing evidence forced the big planters to agree in principle to make refund to the peasants.
Q22. What amount of repayment did the big planters think Gandhi would demand? What did Gandhi ask? What amount was finally settled?Ans: They thought Gandhi would demand repayment in full of the money they had extorted from the sharecroppers. Gandhi asked only 50 per cent. The planters offered to refund up to 25 per cent. Gandhi was adamant on 50 per cent. The deadlock was broken when Gandhi agreed to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to peasants.
Q23. HQW did the refund-settlement influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran?Ans: Before the settlement of the refund, the planters had behaved as lords above the law. Now the peasant saw that he had rights and defenders. He learned courage. Within a few years, the British planters abandoned their estates. The peasants became masters of the land. There were no sharecropers now.
Q24. Which other spheres besides political or economic fields received Gandhi’s attention during his long stay in Champaran?Ans:The cultural and social backwardness of the Champaran areas pained Gandhi. He appealed for teachers. Several persons responded to his call. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation. With the help of a doctor and three medicines, they tried to fight the miserable health conditions.
Q25.“This was typical Gandhi pattern” observes Louis Fischer. What do you learn about Gandhian politics from the extract ‘Indigo’?Ans:Gandhi’s politics was intermixed with the practical, everyday life of the millions of Indians. This was not a loyalty to abstractions. It was a loyalty to living human beings. In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free.
Q26. How did Gandhi teach his followers a lesson of self-reliance?Ans. During the Champaran action, Gandhi’s lawyer friends thought it would be good if C.F. Andrews stayed on in Champaran and helped them. Gandhi opposed this idea as it showed the weakness of their heart. Their cause was just and they must rely upon themselves to win this unequal fight. They should not seek the support of Mr Andrews because he happened to be an Englishman.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1. What solution to the problems of the poor did Gandhi suggest? How far did the Champaran movement help in this direction?OR“The real relief for them is to be free from fear”, remarked Gandhi. What do you think, was “the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British” ?Ans. The sharecropper peasants had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of their holdings and surrender the indigo harvest as rent to the landlord. When Germany developed synthetic indigo, the British planters started extracting money illegally and deceitfully as compensation from the peasants for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The peasants were made to sign new agreements and pay money. The planters behaved as lords above the law. Many peasants engaged lawyers at hefty fees and went to courts.The Muzaffarpur lawyers briefed Gandhi about the peasants for whom they frequently represented in courts. Gandhi realised that these peasants were badly crushed and fear- stricken. Freedom from fear was more important than legal justice for them. Gandhiji was ready to court arrest for them. Thousands of peasants demonstrated spontaneously around the court. The government had to release Gandhi without bail. This voluntary uprising of the peasants marked the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British.
Q2. Why was Gandhi summoned to appear in the court? How did he gain his liberty ?OR‘Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.’Relate the events during Gandhi’s stay in Champaran that led to the triumph.Ans. Gandhi had reached Motihari, the Capital of Champaran, to study the problems of the sharecropper peasants. He was on his way to a neighbouring village, where a peasant was ill-treated. On the way, he was stopped by the police superintendent’s messenger and ordered to return to town. When he reached home, he was served with an official notice to quit Champaran at once. Gandhi wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. So Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court the next day.Next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. Thousands of peasants demonstrated voluntarily outside the court. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the trial. Gandhi protested against the delay. He read out a statement pleading guilty. He asked the penalty. The judge announced that he would pronounce the sentence after a two-hour recess. He asked Gandhi to furnish bail for that period. Gandhi refused. The judge released him without bail. After the recess, the judge said that he would not deliver the judgement for several days. Meanwhile he allowed Gandhi to remain at liberty.Several days later Gandhi received a letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed, for the first time in India.
Q3. Give an account of Gandhi’s efforts to secure justice for the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran.OR“Indigo sharecropping disappeared.” Which factors do you think, helped to achieve freedom for the fear-stricken peasants of Champaran?Ans. Gandhi went to Champaran on receiving reports of exploitation of the poor sharecropper peasants at the hands of British planters. He began by trying to get the facts. The British landlords as well as the Commissioner of Tirhut were non-cooperative. Lawyers from MuZaffarpur briefed him about the court cases of these peasants.Gandhi and the lawyers collected depositions by about ten thousand peasants. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area throbbed with the activities of the investigators and forceful protests of landlords.The lieutenant governor summoned Gandhi. After four protracted interviews an official commission of inquiry was appointed to look into the indigo sharecroppers’ condition. Gandhi was the sole representative of the peasants. The official inquiry assembled huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. They agreed, in principle, to make refunds to the peasants. After consultation, a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers was agreed on. This was a moral victory of the peasants. They recognised their rights and learned courage.Within a few years the British planters gave up their estates. These now went back to the peasants. They became the masters of land. Thus, indigo sharecropping disappeared.
Q4. How did Gandhi work for rural uplift during his stay in ChamparantAns. Gandhi wanted to do something to remove the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages. He appealed for teachers. Two young disciples of Gandhi, Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh and their wives volunteered themselves for work. Several others responded from distant parts of the country. Mrs. Kasturba Gandhi and Devdas, Gandhi’s youngest son, arrived from the Ashram. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community cleanliness. She also talked to women about their filthy clothes.Health conditions were miserable. Gandhi got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months. Only three medicines were available: Castor oil, quinine and sulphur ointment. Anyone who showed a coated tongue was given a dose of castor oil; anybody with malaria fever received quinine plus castor oil; anybody with skin eruptions received ointment plus caster oil.Thus, Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He worked for total uplift of villages and the poor sections of the society.
Q5. ‘Self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.’ Elucidate on the basis of reading ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.OR‘The Champaran episode was a turning-point in Gandhi’s life. Explain with examples from ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.Ans. Gandhi stayed in Champaran for a long time. The Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was during this struggle in 1917 that he decided to urge the departure of the British.Champaran episode did not begin as an act of defiance. It grew out of an attempt to make the sufferings of large numbers of poor peasants less severe. Gandhi concentrated on their practical day to day problems. He analysed the root cause of the problem-fear, and tried to eradicate it. The voluntary demonstration of the poor peasants against the government for putting Gandhi in trouble was the beginning of the end of their fear of the British.In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free. He taught his lawyer friends a lesson in self-reliance by opposing the involvement of C.F. Andrews, an Englishman in .their unequal fight. His help would be a prop. This would reflect their weakness. Their cause was just and they must rely on themselves to win the battle. Thus self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.
Q6. Justify the appropriateness of the title ‘Indigo’ to this extract.Ans. The title ‘Indigo’ is quite appropriate, to the point and suggestive. It at once focuses our * attention on the central issue-the exploitation of the indigo sharecropper peasants at the hands of cruel British planters. They compelled them through a long term agreement to raise indigo on 15 per cent of their landholding and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.After the development of synthetic indigo by Germany, the British planters extracted money from the peasants as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent agreement. The peasants who wanted their money back had filed civil suits. The planters who behaved as lords above the law and were dreaded by the poor were obliged to surrender part of money and with it part of their prestige.The extract also points out the work done by Gandhi and his associates to improve the economic, political, cultural and social fife of the indigo sharecroppers. Their education, health and hygiene also received due attention. The plight of indigo sharecroppers, then- struggle under Gandhi’s leadership and ultimate victory when Indigo sharecropping disappeared from important landmarks. Thus, the title ‘Indigo’ is highly suggestive and apt.
Q7. What impression do you form about Gandhi on reading the chapter ‘Indigo’ ?Ans. The chapter ‘Indigo’ pays a tribute to the leadership shown by Mahatma Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through convincing argumentation and negotiation. Gandhi had a magnetic attraction and great persuasive power. He could draw people of all classes to himself and make them partners in the freedom movement. Even ordinary people were inspired to make contribution to the freedom movement.Gandhi emerges as a champion of the downtrodden and the oppressed. Rural uplift was his favourite programme. His knowledge of legal procedure and respect for law is also highlighted. He does not want to be a lawbreaker. At the same time he wants to render the humanitarian and national service in obedience to the higher law of our being, the voice of conscience. He also appears as a polite and friendly person. Gandhi’s ability to read the minds of others made them speechless. He believed in self-reliance, just cause and purity of means to achieve India’s Independence.
Q8. Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for Independence? [All India 2014]Ans. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of a large number of ’ peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Under his leadership, the peasants became aware of their rights. Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer of Champaran helped him a lot in bringing about the change. Other peasants too fought courageously and contributed in their own way to the movement. It resulted in their winning the battle of Champaran. The effects of Gandhi’s method of non-violence and non-cooperation proved very fruitful in this movement. Hence, it can be said that the Champaran episode is the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence.
VALUE-RASED QUESTIONSQ1. Patriotism is in political life what faith is in religion. John F Kennedy said, “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”. Those who sacrifice their comfort for the welfare of the state get recognition. Write an article on the topic ‘Patriotism’. You can take ideas from the following hints:“They thought, amongst themselves, that Gandhi was totally a stranger, and yet he was prepared to go to prison for the sake of the peasants; if they, on the other hand, being not only residents of the adjoining districts but also those who claimed to have served these peasants, should go home, it would be shameful desertion.”Ans. Patriotism
Breathes there the man with soul so dead, who never to himself hath said, this is my own native land! —Scott
Patriotism implies love for one’s nation. A patriot is ready to sacrifice his comfort for the service of his nation. It was for his country’s sake that Sardar Bhagat Singh kissed the gallows. It was for the love for their land that Shivaji, Rana Pratap and Guru Govind Singh suffered untold hardships. True patriots respect other nations and religions but don’t allow anyone to insult their nation. A great philosopher said, “It is not gold that makes a nation great. It is the sacrifice and martyrdom of patriots that raises a nation to the heights of glory.” India is a land where patriots are in abundance. It got its freedom only because of the efforts of its patriots. Patriotism is a religion and an ideal. It is an ideology that guides the people of a nation. It is a feeling and a bond that unites the people of various sects, beliefs and backgrounds together. A patriot must not be narrow minded. He should develop an international progressive outlook. It would be pertinent to quote the words of Seneca here “No one loves his country for its size or eminence, but because it is his own.”
Q2. Undoubtedly, only a socially just country has the right to exist. In the modern world justice is a concept. Muscle is the reality. Corruption has become the way of the world. The destitute are exploited ruthlessly. People feel that ‘to make a living, craftiness is better than learnedness’. Write an article on the topic mentioned above taking ideas from the given lines:“Gandhi protested against the delay. He read a statement pleading guilty… when the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.”Ans. Corruption in Contemporary IndiaCorruption has engulfed all the educated, skilled and semi-skilled workers. Corruption means dishonesty and illegal behavior especially of the people in authority. A person resorts to corruption because of his poverty, lack of moral strength and other psychological and financial problems. Moreover, the path of righteousness is full of thorns. Some of the youngsters are misguided by the friends to multiply their benefits within a short span of time. One should always remember that corruption starts from the top. If the head of the family is corrupt, the other members will also imitate his actions. Our politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt and unscrupulous. They don’t have any moral authority. Such corrupt politicians and bureaucrats should be punished and the honest persons should be rewarded if we intend to create a congenial atmosphere in our country. The system of justice is outdated and obsolete. It is said that ‘justice delayed is justice denied’. People do not get justice in the court of law. If corruption is not checked, the poor will be exploited without any inhibition.
Q3. Obstacles determine the quality of life. Hermits feel convinced that ‘sweet are the uses of adversity’. Problems are opportunities. Elucidate the saying taking ideas from the given lines: “Events justified Gandhi’s position. Within a few years the British planters abandoned their estates, which reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.”Ans. Sweet are the Uses of AdversityThe Bible proclaims that ‘Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward’. Adversity is the first path that leads towards the truth. Emerson opines that ‘every calamity is a spur and valuable hint’. But one cannot forget the truth that ‘there is no wind that always blows a storm’. Problems are only opportunities in work clothes. Every individual aspires to attain phenomenal success in this era of consumerism. No one can refuse to accept the fact that material pleasures and prosperity bring happiness. But one cannot dare to ignore the significance of trying circumstances. One wishes to be away from the situations which can be troublesome and irksome. But one must not despair in those situations and should face the music of life. Prosperity makes a person lazy and ease loving. Adversity, on the other hand, though trying and full of hardships, has a chastening effect. One’s character and personality become dynamic and vibrant if one fights bravely against the odd circumstances. It will not be wrong if we say that “as gold shines in fire, man shines in adversity.
“If you are distressed by anythingexternal, the pain is not due tothe thing itself, but to your ownestimate of it; and this you havethe power to revoke at any moment” —Marcus Aurelius
Q4. Education sets the tone of a nation. Joseph Addison has rightly said, “What sculpture to a block of marble, education is to the soul”. But the quality of education is deteriorating gradually. Discuss the defects of our education system in your own words. Do remember the following expressions:“Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages… He appealed for teachers.”Ans. Defects of our Education System“Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence”. Education does not mean teaching people to know what they do not know; it means teaching them to behave as they do not behave, says John Ruskin. The prime objective of our education system is to develop a child’s over all personality. It should train not only the mind, but also the body and soul. Unfortunately, our present education system fails to achieve these objectives. The present education system does not make a child creative. It makes him a crammer. A child/pupil has to mug up nearly 200¬300 pages a year to pass his examination. Students are not given any practical training. They never go to laboratories to verify the theories. Moreover, the present admission system has become the laughing stock of society. The school authorities have a provision for those tiny tots who seek admission to pre-nursery. This is the height of absurdity. We need not the people who can only read and write. Our nation requires engineers, scientists, technicians and doctors. Vocational education is the need of the hour but not at the cost of values. An educated man should not have only bookish knowledge. He must have the knowledge of practical things. Maria Montessori conceived that ‘The first idea that the child must acquire in order to be actively disciplined is that of the difference between good and evil; and the task of the educator lies in seeing that the child does not confound good with immobility, and evil with activity.
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A Matter of Time - Volume 1 ::: by Mary Calmes
Hiya Anewers!
I am going to begin with the very first book that i’ve read about M/M romance, and that was a perfect startup! Well, let’s go with it, right? (I am too anxious to know what you will tell me about this review. Begining with the synopsis and some start info:
“Books One and Two - Vol. 1
Jory Keyes leads a normal life as an architect’s assistant until he is witness to a brutal murder. Though initially saved by police Detective Sam Kage, Jory refuses protective custody—he has a life he loves that he won’t give up no matter who is after him. But Jory’s life is in real jeopardy, especially after he agrees to testify about what he saw.
While dealing with attempts on his life, well-meaning friends who want to see him happy, an overly protective boss, and a slowly unfolding mystery that is much more sinister than he could ever imagine, the young gay man finds himself getting involved with Sam, the conflicted and closeted detective. And though Jory may survive the danger, he may not survive a broken heart.”
Title:
A Matter of Time Volume 1 (Books 1 and 2)
Author:
Mary Calmes
Year:
2011
Publisher:
Dreamspinner Press
Language:
English
Pages:
280
Reading time:
6 days
Format:
e-book (Kindle)
Date of Purchase:
27/07/2013 at amazon.com
LINKS:
Amazon (US)
Dreamspinner Press
Yes, this volume has two books in sequence. And that, my anewers, was great, since the books are too damn short, in my opinion.
I - Cover: (2)
The cover is nice, but honestly, i would do better. Jory Keyes is depicted here as a hustler (to say the least - ok, it’s not far from how the author describe him, but even so...), the city at the background give an aura of Law & Order: SVU. It's so cliché. This could be a lot more different and less obvious.
Why the hell not depict Sam Kage at the cover too?
II - Point of View (POV): (4.5)
I never read anything in first person perspective before this one, it simply doesn't catch me, this was my first book like this... And i loved it! Mary Calmes was really inside Jory's head, sometimes gave glimpses about other characters through expressions and Jory's observation. Amazing. Total bliss everytime i read this book. (This was my 5th time reading this book)
III - Protagonists: (4.5)
Jory Keyes (Book 1)/Harcourt (Book 2) - The main guy. And yes, the very same person. He is a mix of frail around his lover, but a force of nature at the same time. Reckless, clumsy, irresponsible, crazy... But totally relatable.
He was abbandoned by his mother after birth, was raised by his grandmother until his 10s, then went to foster care. Afterwards, went to Chicago to try his luck. End up working for a huge-ass-famous architectural office, with a boss who can work only with him.
Lucky in life, maybe... but in love... he is the typical stereotype of a gay one-night-stander. When he mets Sam Kage, something clicks inside him, but fear of letting go and being hurt made him run out of it every time... I will say no more for now.
Samuel Thomas Kage, or just, Sam Kage - I must say this once and for all: I WANT HIM IN MY BED, IN MY LIFE (Sorry, hubby... but i can't hide it anymore - LOL). This man is too damn perfect to be true.
Strong, simple, straight to the point... and closeted. This is Sam. He struggles about love a man and please everyone else. I relate to him a lot, since i was in the closet until i was 23. But this is not about me.
Sam is a vice detective, who loves his profession, have problems with his temper and when met Jory and his heart kicks for him, Jory has the unexplainable ability to ground him, to draw the very best of him...
IV - Antagonists: (3)
Brian Minor: (Book 1) He is a classic thug. The one who is conceited and connected with some middle rank people. He shots a guy and is witnessed by Jory at the very beginning, and since then all of it unfolds. He appears little in the story, thing is, the story is told under Jory's POV, so obviously we wouldn't know much about him, wich is understandable. He's not appealing and definately not important for the story about Jory and Kage, he is just a plain motive to keep they both tied together.
Dominic Kairov: (Book 2) One thing bothered me about this guy. He's so close to Sam - since he was his partner at CPD - and the way he turned against him was almost unfair, but we must place this story at the real life timeline. when it's written being gay was a huge deal, especially within typical "macho"-jobs. He flipped, but the fact is he saw in that an opportunity to be off the grid again. It was nice, how come a vice detective could afford a luxurious home? He was involved with the mob, plain and simple. Mary Calmes took more time to develop this one, and... even bothering me... he was really good.
An observation is needed: I think, in the end, the real antagonist of this is the one and only Jory. He sabotages himself a lot.. Read it and you will understand what i am talking about.
V - Side Characters: (5)
Dane Harcourt: Boss, Former boss and adoptive brother of Jory. Icy is his middle name, but when he let Jory in his life, things change drastically, he have a warm and tender heart, but this side he shows only to J.
Seriously, one of the very best secondary roles that i've ever read in a book, many will not agree with me, but i don't care. I love Dane, i love the way he relate to Jory and how deep their connection goes.
Two damaged persons, but with the feelling that they are soulmates in another level, the brotherhood level. It is sweet how the author constructed their evolution from boss-employee to family.
To Jory is a fairy tale in the making...
Dylan Greer: Loud, manic, frantic, clumsy, hot headed and big hearted. BFF, partner in crime of J. The kind of friend you want to have around always - if you can manage to reach out for her.
The perfect partner to Jory by far!
VI - Hot Scenes: (5)
The first night between Jory and Sam is outstanding. Jory imagining Sam somehow insecure about being with him, but what happened was complete the opposite. He was completely aware and sure about being with him. I believed that every single person in the world wants something like at some point in life. I was breathless at the end of if. Imagining how's it going to be to have a hot-rock-hard-immense-muscular-diry-blond-sweaty-piece-of-perfection-man with his thigh over mine and his arms around my waist. Mary Calmes, you are mean! (in a good and HOT way, of course)
VII - The Story: (4.2)
In the beginning i was worried about being a cliché story, but even these kind of stories have their values. A Matter of Time Book 1 brings you to the universe of a gay cliché one-night-stand-guy who falls for a typical straight-strong-mindless-rock-hard-gorgeous-cop. BUT how it is develop is something else entirely, since it's told by the main character: Jory Keyes and his twisted view of things. It is delightful.
Actually, both books are. Book 2 goes even further. Jory was struggling about quitting his party night days to be with someone for good... having only 23 yeas old. It's not common to see a young one wanting it... and because of it i relate to it A LOT. I was 24 when i met my husband, the difference is i was never a party-one-night-stand-guy. Like i said before, this is not about me...
Book 2 show us how they finally get together... and... well... i already gave you lot's of spoilers, i will not give you the biggest one, i will just say that i am fortunate to not have read this book on it's launching and had to wait for the book 3... I was royally pissed (in a good way).
Most of this review is written like books 1 and 2 was only one, because i felt it that way. One story, divided into 2 books.
VIII - Plot Twists: (4.5)
There's enough twists in both books. But always related to Jory's behaviour. Only 2 twists aren't his fault, the ones that draws Kage back to the cop-protective-mode activated.
Good twists, but not great. For me, the only thing that really mattered at the story was how the hell Jory and Sam would end up together, and that's why i was royally pissed at the end of book 2. Again, i will say no more.
IX - Ending: (4)
I didn't see the end of book 1 as an end. It was a plain hook to book 2, and so book 2 to 3. BUT...
The end of book 1 was interesting, believeable, and somehow not unexpected as it seemed.
But the end of book 2 gave me rage rampages against Mary Calmes! I hated it, but i really understand that it was a PERFECT hook for a third story. That's why, even hating the guts of Sam Kage for what he did to Jory, i can understand why he did it. (Even didn't understanding how police regiments and laws in US works).
X - Timing: (5)
BOOK 1 has perfect timing to tell the tale. Fast paced when needed, slow paced when needed. Perfect. Following Jory's mind is challenging and super-fun.
But Book 2... Well, Mary Calmes used the memory lane too often, and sometimes right after the very scene happened, like a mexican soup opera. It was not very appealing and i caught myself skipping those small paragraphs because i've just read it. It doesn't give you the will to stop reading it, but it is totally unnecessary. Re-telling what happened in book 1 or in the very beginning of book 2 is a good thing to do, but do it at the next scene is an exaggeration.
XI - Re-reading Factor: (5)
I will only say this: Haven't i mentioned that this was the 5th time i read this book?
Well, actually it was my 8th. What do you think then? (LOL)
XII - Recommendation: (5)
Since i was reading it for the 8th time, i guess it is a must read.
Note that you can be a different impression about this story, and this is my very personal opinion about this. So, read it and take your conclusions.
XIII - EXTRA POINTS: (+2.5)
- Bonus points:
. Gorgeous characters, and absolutely my type;
. Happy ending or perfect hook for the next book;
. Perfect scenes, that took my attention;
. Should have a TV or Silver-screen adaptation;
. Story with a rook so Strong that makes me wants more and more...;
. Perfect HOT Scene (wow, just wow... did i mentioned that i want Samuel Thomas Kage in my bed right fucking now?!)
- Penalties:
. None.
Average: 4.30 of 5 (from I to XII)
Final grade (applying bonus points): 6.80 of 10
What do you think about this review? Give your impression on comments below and don’t forget to check back often, ok?
x-o-x-o
AlexM
NEXT REVIEW: “Just Drive” by L.A. Witt
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Kopf: Footnote 239
As I told SHG sometime back, there is nothing sadder than an old judge trying desperately to remain relevant.
I come out of retirement, briefly, not endeavoring to remain relevant, but rather to complain about the use and characterization of one my past posts by the NACDL in its breathless report entitled, The Trial Penalty: The Sixth Amendment Right To Trial on the Verge of Extinction and How To Save It (Summer 2018).[i] I have no earthly understanding of why the NACDL ended with a footnote to one of my posts from Hercules and the umpire.
As I have written before on Simple Justice, I am not much concerned with the “vanishing federal criminal jury.” See Richard G. Kopf, Kopf: A Contrarian’s View of the Vanishing Federal Criminal Jury Trial (December 27, 2017). Indeed, I sometimes joke that jury trials are unconstitutional because no sane person would randomly select from the great unwashed 12 stiffs to make a decision that can significantly impact both the public and the defendant. Besides, criminal jury trials are almost always a waste of time. With few exceptions, federal criminal jury trials are the equivalent one long guilty plea where the defendant has rightly calculated that he or she has nothing to lose and is hoping to win the lottery.
In a closely related vein, I am also not much concerned with the obsession of the NACDL about the so-called “trial penalty.” As a normative matter, it makes perfect sense that people who fail to acknowledge their guilt should be treated more harshly than people who admit guilt. The question, of course, is how much harsher? The NACDL thinks “trial penalties” are too harsh and that they are applied unequally. OK, fine, the NACDL is entitled to its point of view. I’m OK with the status quo ‘cause most federal judges I know and respect are sensitive to the issues raised by the NACDL. Frankly, I am too bored with the subject to engage with the report writ large. I’ve heard and thought about that stuff before. It is old news.[ii]
But I want to bitch. That’s what old men do.
The last footnote in the report, footnote 239, cites to something I wrote.[iii] I will first provide you with the context and then the footnote.
The Trial Penalty ends with what one expects from the closing argument of a certain segment of the criminal defense bar–that is, a rather badly reasoned appeal to emotion that does not meaningfully grapple with bad facts. Our subject this time is poor Christian Allmendinger. (My last name sucks too!)
Chris (I trust I am not being too familiar) and his partner Brent Oncale bilked people out of more than $50 million. Oncale cooperated and testified, and got 10 years later, reduced to 5 for cooperation. Allmendinger rolled the dice. He got hit with 45 years in prison.[iv]
And so, the NACDL writes, using Chris’s sad story very much as a conclusion, “locating a sentence ‘sufficient, but not greater than necessary’ can easily turn into an arbitrary task.239 In many cases, the excessive pull of the Guidelines prevents judges from meaningfully exercising their discretion under 3553(a).” The Trial Penalty, at p. 56.
Here is how footnote 239 is written:
It is possible[v] that judges find the 3553(a) factors complicated or even contradictory and so they opt to rely on the Guidelines range that has been calculated according to a defined and familiar formula. See “It’s Time To Rethink Or Junk Entirely 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a),” HERCULES AND THE UMPIRE, Blog by Judge Richard George Kopf, District of Nebraska (entry posted July 27, 2014) (expressing frustration that the 3553(a) factors “provide no meaningful guidance to the sentencing judge”), available at https://herculesandtheumpire.com/2014/07/.[vi]
Id. at 78.
Why my Herc post is cited is beyond me. It does not support the conclusion for which it is cited. It is almost as if the writer needed a filler and threw a dart at the internet to find one. Let me be more specific.
Yes, sentencing can “easily turn into an arbitrary task,” but it has little to do with “trial penalties” or the “excessive pull of the Guidelines.” I do not find the 3553(a) “factors too complicated.” I am certainly dull, but I am not quite a moron.
Let me be plain: Section 3553(a) is even more nuts than the results of a Rorschach test interpreted by a chiropractor with meth mouth. It compiles all the various goals of sentencing that scholars have worked so hard to develop as separate and distinct principle-based theories, throws them into a statute, and tells us to act like Goldilocks, “Ahhh, this porridge is just right.”[vii] The task is not “too complicated,” it is impossible.[viii] The NACDL blames the Guidelines when it is the statute that Congress passed that is the villain. The NACDL blames judges for failing to use their discretion while forgetting that one can only exercise informed discretion when the sought-after result of the exercise is evident to the decision maker.
If Congress wants me to engage in common-law judging, fine, then junk section 3553(a) completely. Yet, like Dr. David Banner, the NACDL wouldn’t like me when I’m angry.
If Congress wants retribution, merely tell me and, Sweet Baby Jesus, I will wield the guillotine.
If Congress wants me to concentrate on the offender’s life story, the probation officer and I can pretend to be social workers and do so with happy face emojis. (Although, to be frank [rather than jane], it is true that we would probably never really care.)
If Congress wants rehabilitation, then tell me and I will order RDAP and all the educational opportunities and vocational training that our massive federal deficit spending can supply.
If Congress wants incapacitation, tell me and life sentences will reign down upon those who are unspeakably vile even though the cause for their behavior is found in their genetics, the poverty in which they have been raised, the mental illnesses they suffer, or the sociopathic nature that propels them to prey upon the weak.[ix]
Rejecting the taunt hurled by José and his wife[x], I am not afraid to judge. I just want to know what the hell I am supposed to be judging. Applying section 3553(a) and the vaunted discretion of federal district judges, tell me, for example, how to sentence a very good man who has done a very bad thing? I dare you!
Now it is true that I rely upon the Guidelines and fairly heavily so. This is not because they are “calculated according to a defined and familiar formula”—the NACDL’s polite way of suggesting that judges like me lack a Yale education or are just plain lazy or cowardly. No, I rely upon the Guidelines for precisely the same reasons that the NACDL worries about “trial penalties” being unequally applied.
I rely upon the Guidelines because they slightly help to diminish, but certainly not entirely avoid, unwarranted sentencing disparity both between people in the same case and otherwise. Setting to one side the need to avoid sentencing disparity, the remainder of the section 3553(a) factors–because they are mixed together like the lunch ladies’ cafeteria offerings–amount to little more than free-floating anti-anxiety nostrums to be applied by woke judges as needed.
So, in summary, I have one piece of advice for the smart person who wrote and inserted footnote 239 into The Trial Penalty. In the future, fucking focus.
Richard G. Kopf
Senior United States District Judge (Nebraska)
[i] The Trial Penalty mixes apples and oranges. It writes about both federal and state law. The two are obviously not interchangeable, but the report confusingly conflates the two.
[ii] In fact, I agree with some, but certainly not all, of the recommendations set forth in The Trial Penalty (at pp. 59-60). For example, I would not impose an obstruction enhancement merely because a defendant testified but was found guilty.
[iii] SHG tipped me off to the report and the footnote. Coincidentally, Jeff Kay, a now retired AUSA who served as Chief of the Economic Crimes Unit in SDFL, sent me a link to the report on the same day. Great minds and all. Since I was napping, I probably would have missed it.
[iv] Not noted in the NACDL report was the opinion by Chief Judge Traxler that affirmed the sentence and found the differences in sentences as between Allmendinger, Oncale and one other to be warranted. United States v. Alemendinger, 706 F. 3d 330 (4th Cir. 2013). In that opinion, the Court addressed the difference between Allmendinger and others:
Counsel maintained that Allmendinger and Oncale were similarly situated and should receive similar sentences, and counsel reiterated his argument that the loss found by the court was much larger than Allmendinger could reasonably have foreseen.
In response, the government argued that Allmendinger and Oncale actually were not similarly situated, contrasting Oncale’s prompt cooperation after he was approached by investigators with Allmendinger’s continued evasion and attempts to hide and spend his money, and his possible intention to flee. The government stressed that Allmendinger’s crimes had far-reaching impact, had “destroyed countless lives,” and thus warranted a very severe sentence in order to deter those who would consider committing similar crimes. J.A. 2403. The government also noted that Mackert, who was not an architect of the fraud and who ended up with only $250,000 from his participation in the scheme, was sentenced to almost 16 years.
. . .
Here, the district court heard extensive argument from Allmendinger and the government concerning the extent to which Allmendinger was similarly situated to his co-conspirator Oncale. The district court’s lengthy explanation for the sentence imposed left no doubt regarding the court’s reasons for selecting the particular sentence that it did. Indeed, the court specifically noted that it was considering unwarranted disparities both among defendants in general and among co-defendants within the case. We therefore conclude that the district court’s explanation satisfied the requisite standard.
Also not noted in the NACDL report, perhaps because the opinion may have come out after the report was released, Allmendinger’s section 2255 motion was successful. Appellate counsel on the direct appeal was found to be ineffective for failing to raise a “merger” argument that was nearly certain to result in reversal of the defendant’s money laundering convictions. United States v. Allmendinger, No. 17-6447, 2018 WL 3117199, at *7 (4th Cir. June 26, 2018). So, Chris is almost certain to have his sentence reduced.
[v] It is also possible that monkeys will fly out of my butt when I summon them.
[vi] The more precise link is this one.
[vii] This is the “not more than necessary” pabulum found in section 3553(a) that is so laughably meaningless.
[viii] It is not only that some of the goals may be contradictory, but far more importantly, it is that the goals when mixed together become completely unmoored from their intellectual foundations.
[ix] See, e.g., United States v. Johnson, 69 F.3d 1092 (8th Cir. 1999) (affirming my imposition of a life sentence on the “gentle drug dealer” who, among other depraved activities, had his brother sodomize a young girl with motor oil to collect a drug debt.)
[x] This is an “inside baseball” reference for which I refuse to provide a citation.
Kopf: Footnote 239 republished via Simple Justice
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Check Out The Features And Price Of The Best Power Bank Under 1500
A Power Bank is a cellular charger that be able keep charged between boost then can remain used for other to recharge phones, capsules yet laptops. A Power Bank is a reachable device as ye can price your electric gadgets except a monitoring socket. The Portable Power Banks comes including a exceptional battery among a one-of-a-kind litigation yet including a special anus to control limit flow. Power Bank intention bear a resolve yet a devoted input socket because of taking power. The Power Banks that are listed under are helpful because of almost anybody USB-charged devices. Power banks appear into specific stages but we hold kind listed some of the best power bank under 1500 because of you. Power Banks bear a LED indicator to exhibit the capability as is nevertheless remaining.
Types about Power Banks
Built-in Rechargeable Line Type
The appearance on monitoring financial institution has, without doubt, lowered the electricity shortage about smartphones as well so laptops. In rule in accordance with fulfill it more handy barring simply charging the cellphone built-in rechargeable row type was once manufactured. It makes the user anxiety unrestricted as like that don’t need according to preserve looking because of an adaptor. In addition, that variety of Power Banks are certainly at all famous amongst the users or additionally relatively recommended.
Power Bank with LED
Power financial institution along charging function then additionally the led mild characteristic is the most popular amongst the modern-day users. Including the light, the power financial institution producers are conclusion attribute time between the design yet looks concerning the item. The electric ability is sincerely helpful in that kind about the manufacturer or those production enough light for thou in imitation of use. LED light postulate featured together with a good colour makes that honestly cool.
Solar Power Bank
As the honour suggests, a photo voltaic power bank is a battery monitoring storage soloist which receives its strength out of sunlight. These types concerning gadgets are dead tons beneficial specifically at some stage in tenting yet trips where at that place is dear regarding electricity. These rule banks actually arrive available within these situations, now not in conformity with point out it’s a savior as much maintaining charged gear for emergencies is necessary. But before receiving or shopping for it monitoring banks ye consider the climate then sunlight over the area where you assuming it. The photo voltaic monitoring banks not only assist you decrease you cinder footmark however also provides durability, efficiency as well as like waterproofing. So continue thru the blog totally and choose the best power bank under 1500 .
Fashion then Portable Power Bank
Today's ball is all about trend or presentation. It's how much thou hold yourself and how stylish are the objects ye carry. Power Bank producers additionally preserve it among idea then that are make the units as much baby yet transportable as like possible. It has nearly become a utility for holding the limit financial institution in thine backpack hence that you execute keep away from the smartphone demise midway whilst thou are commuting. Generally, the excellent control bank below a thousand Rs is especially hard or giant after lift them into thy pockets. But thou do discover much pocket-friendly rule banks condition ye consume a bite more. There are dense fashionable control banks between the want because you in conformity with choose. So test oversea the beneficial power financial institution below 1500 alongside along professionals and cons so are listed below.
How according to Choose a excellent Power Bank :
Battery Capacity
If you’re simply searching because of a rule bank because of fortuity reasons like Mobile or laptop dry abroad situation, a monitoring financial institution below 5,000 mAh choice be sufficient. But salvo you need in accordance with use your monitoring financial institution multiple instances a time then do not decide because of something less than 10,000 mAh.
Physical Size
Portable chargers arrive within every dimensions, shapes, then weight. If you’re aged according to bearing around thine wallet, keys, and smartphone among thine pockets, thou probably don’t need in imitation of assemble a cumbersome monitoring financial institution in conformity with the mix. Physical size, so well as much battery capacity, walk hand among hand. If thou are looking because of an ultraportable but additionally some about the superior power bank under 1500 together with excellent durability, ye choice hold after forsaking battery size.
Charging Output
Most about the portable chargers pleasure come together with either permanency 1A or 2.1A output base or from time to time also both. These numbers gloss the most quantity over charging among amps. So the greater the amperage, the quicker the machine choice price bearing that is compatible.
USB Ports
The extra the quantity concerning ports within the control bank, the greater units you may charge. Usually, power banks enter including 2 ports i.e., some 1A foundation or one 2.1A port. You have in imitation of chose according in conformity with you necessities or gadget compatibility. Generally, the high-cost gadgets hold dense ports but the monitoring banks beneath 1500 also take place including 2 according to three ports. So it is on to thou according to select the best power bank under 1500 based totally over you requirements.
A control bank is some over the necessary portable electricity sources so much be able keep aged in accordance with cost thine smartphones as much properly as mean units so ye are of visiting then than thou at the office. These power banks correspond over a lithium ion/lithium polymer battery so much is encased between a one of a kind casing. So reach the beneficial power financial institution beneath 1500 to that amount provide a good combination over performance namely properly as much applications between the budget charge category. There are dense limit banks into India so much comes with similar services or choosing the monitoring financial institution would keep a tough task. In order in imitation of help thou among buying the best power bank, right here of we bear a list about good and top monitoring bank underneath 1500.
List Of Best Power Bank Under 1500 Along With Features And Price toughness :
Ambrane P 1111
Ambrane P-1111 10000mAH Power Bank comes with many of the such features, equally fashionable as nicely so along remarkable design. In addition, Ambrane 10000mAH Power Bank comes into burnished as well so excellent Octagon shape. As per Ambrane p-1111 stricture by way of quite a number users it is a charge for cash monitoring bank including a brand trustability issue about Ambrane then presents strong overall performance at paltry cost. In addition, this power financial institution has dual outturn 5V 2.1A and houses certain unstained LED torch.
Key Features regarding Ambrane P-1111 10000mAH Power Bank :
It has a Capacity about 10000mAH lithium-ion
It's wrought Octagonally
In addition, such has a portable charger with twin output
It has a lithium-ion mobilephone fabrication
Includes a 1-year guarantee supplied through the producer from persimmon concerning purchase
Lenovo PA10400 10400 mAh Power Bank
Lenovo is one on the propulsion groups who sells notebooks, smartphones, control banks deep then other accessories. The Lenovo 10400 mAh Power Bank provides lovesome battery backup then allows quick charging concerning devices. As per Lenovo pa10400 stricture via a number of users, it gadget do stay chronic deep times according to cost you phones or mean digital gadgets postulate it is fully charged. In addition, the Lenovo 10400 Power Bank comes with born indicator then aid 2 units worth at certain time. This is certain of the best control bank beneath 1500.
Key Features:
10400mAH lithium-ion battery
Dual output USB interfaces
Compatible with whole smartphones
Support 2 units price at some time
Portable graph yet mild weight
1-year warranty
ADATA PT100 10000mAH Power Bank
ADATA PT100 10000mAH Power Bank is powered by way of a 5 volts lithium-ion battery along 10000mAH capacity as like properly as like IV Tribune lights together with LED flashlight. As care of adata pt100 review, it powerbank with its norm seem to be or strong build multiplication factory together with entire manufacturer about smartphones. In addition, this ADATA PT100 Power Bank has twin USB shops because of faster charging yet has the proper capacity. You may in reality choose because that branded device namely such is viewed as one on the excellent power bank under 1500 of India because of its durability.
Key Features on ADATA PT100 10000mAH Power Bank :
Powered by means of a 5 volts lithium-ion battery with 10000mAH capacity
Dual USB stores because quicker charging. Compatible along whole Smartphones
4 podium lighting fixtures with LED flashlight
Input: 5V-2A DC yet output: 5V-1A (Type-A USB), 5V-2.1A (Type-A USB)
Comes including 1-year producer assurance from the persimmon on purchase
iPro IP1042 10400 mAh Power Bank
iPro is an international leader of the improvement on advanced software program solutions. iPro manufactures monitoring banks as properly so other digital products. The iPro IP1042 power financial institution looks strong and is performed over excellent plastic. Check outdoors the ipro rule bank evaluations by means of more than a few customers over our website yet also find extra cashback. In addition, it iPro limit financial institution is handy or comes along twin yield USB. This do lie viewed so one of the superior power bank underneath 1500 however partial customers lower back outdoors due to the fact concerning mangy company value.
Key Features on iPro IP1042 :
Comes together with HIGH Capacity 10400mAh namely properly as much High-Grade Japanese Cells
Comes along dual USB
Provided along 1Amp Output because Smart Phone as like well as much 2.1 Amp Output because Tablets
Comes with four Led Balance power indicator
Provided including 1-year warranty
Sleek then Stylish
Easy in accordance with carry
Lenovo PA13000 13000 mAh Power Bank
The Lenovo PA13000 13000 mAh PowerBank comes along 2 × 2.1amp quick charging ports. In addition, it Lenovo pa13000 capabilities clever control power vapor so properly as much excessive transformation rate. This machine has a high-grade matte plastic strange which makes that hard also proviso such is mishandled. It has got 2 × 2.1amp quickly charging ports who redact that one of the superior limit banks under 1500 INR of India.
Key Features:
Portable ergonomic comfort; High-grade matte plastic exterior
Dual USB output and aid because of couple telephone charger
Power light display, soft light, then obvious display; Intelligent rule monitoring fume and high conversion rate
Battery monitoring is stored because of a long-dormant technology
Connector kind - Input: micro USB 5V/2A, Output: USB2.0 A 5V/2.1A yet 5V/1A
13000mAH power backup
1 Year Manufacturer Warranty
Mi 10400mAH Power Bank
Mi is certain about the largest smartphone makers along including designs, develops, and sells smartphones, mobile apps, laptops and related consumer electronics. The virtue regarding that production is around Rs. 1,299 or provides lovesome battery life. This Mi rule bank has proper construct virtue namely nicely as much design. This is certainly about superior rule financial institution underneath 1500 forlorn every the fundamental features. As through mi control financial institution 10400mah criticism by using a range of users, that is a cost for money manufacture including brand value over Mi. Check mi limit bank 10400mah cost beside quite a number on-line stores so properly so cashback presented in opposition to each save and pick out the beneficial behave for yourself.
Key Features :
It helps protection out of over-voltage, above current, quick circuit, toughness over-discharge,over-charge, battery advantageous anger coefficient (PTC)
It auto-detects device plug-in then plug-out so connected
Charging day is 5.5 hours including 5V/2A cork or norm cable
It takes x hours with 5V/1A cork then standard cable to charge
Provided along 6 months warranty
iPro iP40 13000 mAh Power Bank
The best quantity regarding stability iPro iP40 power bank is so much it perform price thine cellphone four instances among an age postulate it is absolutely charged. In addition, that iPro monitoring bank comes with strong 13000 mAh lithium-ion battery makes assured so much your telephone is usually boosted with charge. Please take a look at outdoors the Pros yet Cons share of this product highlighted under who has been taken from a number ipro rule financial institution opinions beyond its users.
Key Features on iPro iP40 :
Provided together with Lithium-ion Battery
Comes with capacity on 13000 mAh
Power Source- AC Adapter
Syska X110 11000 mAh Power Bank
The rule bank syska comes with USB ports so are right aligned then that charges round Rs. 999 and is also the absolutely light of weight. permanency This is certain concerning the auspicious power financial institution underneath 1500 beyond Syska. In addition, it syska control financial institution 10000mah is supplied including mild indications than a micro connector. Check syska control bank price beside various on line stores then cashback provided in opposition to every keep and pick the excellent behave because of yourself.
Key Features :
Input- DC 5V-1.5A
In summation furnished including mild indicators
Cable Type- Micro USB Cable
Lithium-ion battery
Micro connector
Capacity- 11000 mAh
Power Source: AC ADAPTER
Provides charging period up after 9 hours
In collection supplied along 6 months warranty
Ambrane P-1310 Power Bank
Ambrane is properly known namely a power monitoring bank manufacturer. The Ambrane p-1310 13000mah Power Bank has the ability in accordance with expenses smartphone 4 times a period proviso its absolutely charged. In addition, this Ambrane p1310 control financial institution comes including LED torch as like properly as like an indicator light. As through ambrane p 1310 criticism, it system has got dead strong battery again upon and the worth does not decease also condition its kept idle even because of a month. It is a pain hard in accordance with use but no castigation no gain.
Key Features over Ambrane p-1310 13000mah :
Powered via a 13000 mAh Capacity
Dual USB Output Ports 2.1A & 1A
Status Led along Torch
Samsung SDI Cells
Ambrane P-1122 ten thousand mAh Power Bank
This ambrane limit bank 10000mah is well suited together with nearly all the smartphone, media players, clever watches, or tablets. The Ambrane P-1122 charge is around 799 then functions fellow excessive output ports. The Ambrane P-1122 power bank comes along occasion shape torch mild together with 180° rotation. In addition, that is certain of the just stylish or viewed as one about the good power bank beneath 1500.
Key Features on Ambrane P-1122 :
Comes together with 10000mAh lengthy hard battery capacity
In addition, it has triple outturn for charging
Has indicative LED lights
In addition, it comes together with durbar structure burn light with 180° rotation
Made In India
PNY-PC-BE740N 10400 mAh Power Bank
The pny limit financial institution 10400mah comes with strong Event output then a best backup. stability This gadget has an entirely strong construct multiplication along a very mountain look. In addition, the colour mixture virtually makes such stylish. Check oversea the pny power bank 10400mah animadversion of the Pros or Cons Section below. In addition, it pny 10400mah rule financial institution services an auto power afield or makes better makes use of regarding battery energy.
Key Features about pny monitoring bank 10400mah :
Provided including 3.7 volts lithium-ion battery with 10400mAH capacity
Features auto control afar yet makes better usage of battery energy
Input- DC 5V-2.1A then output- DC 5V-2.1A
Provided along alone USB outturn Foundation together with LED torch
4-lights on LED limit indicator according to display the battery degree status
In culling furnished including 1-year restricted assurance for machine beyond the date of purchase
TP-LINK TL-PB10400mAH Power Bank
TP-Link is a global issuer on networking as much well namely electronic merchandise and on hand among atop 100 countries. The tp-link tl-pb10400 cost is around 1,250 and looks baby or compact. As per tp-link tl-pb10400 review, this device is a pain hard after lift but such has obtained worthy backup. In addition, the power bank tp-link tl-pb10400 comes including built-in one of a kind tour which affords full speed because thine smartphones. This is some about the good power financial institution underneath 1500 beside TP-Link.
Key Features over powerbank tp-link tl-pb10400 :
The muscular capacity concerning 10400mAh allows you worth a smartphone 3~5 times
In addition, the dual USB ports (5V/2A then 5V/1A) enable because of charging twain gadgets simultaneously
The built-in distinct tour offers perfect velocity because thine smartphones
This power financial institution is well matched together with almost someone clever device iPhones, iPads, Android smartphones, namely nicely as much vile 5V input USB devices, execute lie connected
In addition supplied along multiple safety protections
Practical Flashlight
The built-in flashlight comes of on hand because in-house or off-road activities
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Samsung Galaxy S8 Review: To infinity and beyond?
For the last two weeks I’ve been approached by at least 10 people for the same two questions that always came together. The first was: Oh, Is that the new Galaxy? And the second: Well, but does it explode? This proves how much of a footprint Samsung owns in the smartphone market, where people associate the name Galaxy more to a phone than to the Milky Way, and where one mistake has only made the brand even more viral.
Marketing is a powerful thing. 2017 has served to show that even negative publicity is still publicity. It’s still a brand making headlines, and only helping it generate awareness in the consumer space. If you thought the mistakes made with the Galaxy Note 7 were going to cripple Samsung, think again. The Samsung Galaxy S8 has been met with record-breaking results; something Samsung hadn’t been able to achieve since the Galaxy S IV.
Marketing can go both ways though. The reason why Samsung took so long to re-gain the popularity it had with the Galaxy S IV is mainly because consumers realized that good marketing doesn’t necessarily mean you’re buying a great product. People soon realized that most of what made that phone special were just a ton of gimmicks you would never really use, and a cumbersome experience can do a brand worse than bad publicity.
Cue in the Galaxy S8. This is probably the biggest departure Samsung has ever made from the typical Galaxy we knew. Is it just another marketing stunt, or are you really paying more for a better product? Read our full Galaxy S8 review to learn more.
Hardware
For details on the larger variant, make sure you tune in to Juan’s separate coverage of the Galaxy S8+. This Galaxy S8 review is focused on my time using the regular S8. I actually received both units at the same time, but decided to review the smaller variant for a few important reasons.
The first is ergonomics. Sure, the Galaxy S8+ is actually smaller than the iPhone 7 Plus I was using before it, but some of Samsung’s design choices make it more cumbersome to use, even for my larger-than-average hands. Also, because products like the LG G6 did a great job in getting me to sip on that taller-display-on-a-small-phone Kool-Aid. I find the idea of a larger display over a smaller chassis to be genius. Sure it’s relatively the same surface area as other regular-sized phones if you do the math on surface area, but a narrower body is easier to hold and operate with one hand.
The second reason is because with the exception of a smaller battery, you’re pretty much getting the same phone. Samsung doesn’t force you to buy a larger phone in order to get its best features, something which other competitors should follow.
Focusing on build, Samsung made some interesting changes. The metal trim is now protected by a glossy coating that remains intact even after three drops onto tile. The buttons continue to be just as clicky, and color options like the Orchid Gray model that I chose can handle fingerprints and smudges very well. And even if many aren’t fans of the curves all around, they contribute in providing that surreal feeling of holding a large phone that feels small in the hand.
Those curves also contribute in creating what Samsung calls its Infinity Display. This is probably one of the best displays of the year given its blend of rounded corners, curved edges, and Super AMOLED technology. Samsung also added its mDNIe technology to this display, making it capable of playing back HDR video. At 5.8-inches diagonal, it nearly kills the bezel at a whopping 83% screen to body ratio, and with palm rejection being addressed fully in this new model. The screen is capable of Quad HD+ resolution, but is versatile enough to scale to 1080p+ or 720p+ to help with power efficiency. This is proof that the display spec race is over. I’ve tested this phone at 1080p+ for all my review period, and you know what? It’s all you need.
Buried inside we’ve got some of the best specifications in the market thanks to a either a Snapdragon 835 or Exynos 8895, in addition to 4 gigs of RAM, and base storage of 64GB that’s expandable. You also continue to enjoy the benefits of IP68 water and dust resistance, fast and wireless charging, a 3000 mAh battery, and new toys like Bluetooth 5.0 for those that want to stream music to two pairs of headphones at a time.
Software
To blend with the elegance of the hardware, we have Samsung Experience UX 8.1. Those of you who fell in love with the software that came on the Galaxy Note 7 will be delighted here. The company continues its trend of minimalism in absolutely every detail, and as much as I’m not a fan of Android skins, this one falls under my short list of exceptions.
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This user interface is capable of a ton of unique tricks that aren’t enabled out of the box, as Samsung continues to tune-down its approach to software. I’d suggest you watch my 24 hours video for more details on the full list of what this UI can do in a unique way.
My final thoughts are that I’m really liking Samsung’s attention to detail in the basics. The company’s Always On display is now more robust with notification icons and a quick way to react with them.
If you need a quick short cut to anything, it’s just a swipe away from the edge, and I’m shocked over how much I use this now. I’m also a big fan of the hidden home button, and little things like being able to swap the order of the navigation buttons. One of my favorites continues to be Secure Folder to help me protect information, in addition to having a second copy of apps in case you have multiple accounts.
Concerns for a taller display were also considered. I continuously rely in touching the home button three times for enhanced one handed use, though you can also choose to activate this from sliding from the bottom. And as for scaling, I’m surprised at how fast third party apps are adapting, with important services like YouTube already enhanced for it, even if the content won’t always do so for obvious reasons. One thing I notice is that the UI is smart enough to detect when content is built for it and automatically adjusts, whereas competitors like the G6 still don’t.
Camera
And as for the Camera, let’s just say that by now we all know that a Galaxy is a Galaxy. Juan’s real camera review is one of the most extensive he’s ever done, and for great reasons. This continues to be one of the cameras to beat, even if most of the enhancements are in image processing compared to last year’s model.
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Double click that power button and enjoy some of the best photos a smartphone can take with amazing color saturation and detail. Just like last year my advice remains to just take the shot.
Even when you see a grainy view finder at night, let the camera show its prowess when you see that final shot. Video is also one of this phone’s high points thanks to great stabilization from the primary sensor…
The selfie shooter got a bump in megapixels, which I’m sure is great for fans of it,.. But I’m honestly annoyed at the crop that Samsung has adopted for video. The field of view has become just as bad as with the iPhone, and I’m hoping they fix that.
Performance
Other features like performance can be delightful for the most part given the power of this 10nm processor. Games are surely benefited by this, with no lag or stutter to be seen, no matter what title I play. The only thing is that I can’t really call this phone the fastest performer out there. Once you load up the launcher with your stuff, and you start using it as a normal power user would, you’ll notice that the UI is quite the RAM hog. The result is mixed performance, with minor stutters when moving around certain menu items.
Bixby is seriously one of those features I wish Samsung would’ve waited to launch. Pressing the button sometimes does nothing, and even so it takes forever to launch. It also slows down the launcher, so take my advice: Pinch within the home screen, swipe to Hello Bixby and switch it off from the launcher, and just call on it from the button if you ever desire to. Bixby vision is a neat trick, but I sometimes find it quicker to simply search for a product than to have to wait for Bixby to react. This is sadly a half-baked mess that reminds me of the old Samsung full of gimmicks.
I’d say this phone could really use Android 7.1 ASAP, and not just for UI improvements, but also for power efficiency. A 3000 mAh battery is small for a display this large, with cases where I rarely reach a full day of moderate use, and where the 7.1 enhancements could really come in handy.
Cool are things like the insane amount of ways you can unlock this phone, with the Iris Scanner topping my list of favorites given its speed, and the fact that it even works through sunglasses. If the sun is too bright, you have the oddly placed fingerprint scanner to assist. Over time I’ve become used to its placement, but I do recommend using a case in order for the hump to assist you in finding it. This is another of the reasons I moved away from the Galaxy S8+ as you actually need to adjust the way you hold the phone to reach it.
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A major and welcomed improvement comes at the hand of audio for the most part. Yes, you will still hate the placement of the speakers, but I fully agree with Juan’s Real Audio review in that this phone made dramatic improvements to headphone audio, and I even notice a louder kick when using it for phone calls.
Pricing and availability
The Samsung Galaxy S8 is not what I’d call an affordable phone, but this is the first time I’ll ever say you’re actually getting more for your money. At its initial price of $729, you get a great phone that starts at 64GB of storage, and a good pair of headphones tuned by AKG. The headphones alone are $600, and most competing devices start at just 32GB of storage.
Conclusion
To conclude our Galaxy S8 review: there is a lot of good to be said about the “New Galaxy,” as everyone calls it. Those of you that were left nostalgic by the beauty of the Note 7 will be happy to see even more beauty shown off here. There is a lot of genius being placed on this design… So much so that I highly suggest that you go to a store and hold one to fully understand what I mean.
The only challenge continues to be the same we’ve always dealt with Samsung. Beautiful software should not be an excuse for stutters, or the slow speed at which Galaxy phones get updated to newer versions of Android. I’m not calling these deal breakers, but really just problems that are getting old for a phone this expensive.
Would I recommend the Galaxy S8? Sure! My minor list of complaints can be fixed with an update. This design and form factor are definitely the future for smartphones. A future which you can already access today.
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I was thinking about hanahaki AUs with Zhongli.
Like Guizhong dying because Morax wasn't able to reciprocate her feelings. Only to later realize that he did love her, had loved her, he just hadn't realized it until it was too late.
Or. Arguably a much bigger brain idea. Zhongli (or Morax, at the time) was the one who had hanahaki. But he removed it and thus forgot about the person he had feelings for. Obviously, it would get out that Morax had forgotten about someone he used to be quite close to. And, for maximum angst, that person actually did reciprocate Morax' feelings, but it was all too late given that Morax would never be able to fall in love with them again. So Morax would go the rest of his life knowing that he could've had a loving relationship with someone he apparently felt so strongly for he developed hanahaki... and the other would regret not saying anything sooner.
#playing fast and loose with hanahaki#ive read fics where ppl forget abt the love interest completely#and fics where they simply lose all feelings for that person#ive reached the conclusion that a mix of both is quite good#the person becomes a total stranger. so old feelings of friendship are also lost. every memory shared now gone#and youre stuck. surrounded by ppl who knew of your relationship with that other person. but to you theyve become a perfect stranger#and then. if you find out that the person in question does love you. then the regret and guilt sets in as you realize would could've#and now never will be#oh boi angst#i was trying to think of ways this would work without zhongli being aware of it...#but it kind falls apart when you take into consideration... other ppl#like if it was say. xiao or venti or guizhong. others would be like 'what do you mean you forgot about them???'#yea. id write a fic with this concept but... i dont really know where id start#this is a prompt of sorts. i guess#genshin impact#gab gabs#zhongli
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NCERT Class 12 English Chapter 5 Indigo
NCERT Class 12 English :: Chapter 5 Indigo
(English Flamingo Prose)
QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED:
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. Strike out what is not true in the following:(a)Rajkumar Shukla was:(i)a sharecropper (ii)a politician(iii)delegate (iv)a landlord.(b) Rajkumar Shukla was:(i) poor (ii)physically strong(iii) illiterate.Ans: (a) (ii) a politician(b) (ii) physically strong
Q2. Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being ‘resolute’?Ans: He had come all the way from Champaran district in the foothills of Himalayas to Lucknow to speak to Gandhi. Shukla accompanied Gandhi everywhere. Shukla followed him to the ashram near Ahmedabad. For weeks he never left Gandhi’s side till Gandhi asked him to meet at Calcutta.
Q3. Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant?Ans: Shukla led Gandhi to Rajendra Prasad’s house. The servants knew Shukla as a poor yeoman. Gandhi was also clad in a simple dhoti. He was the companion of a peasant. Hence, the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at Champaran.Ans: Gandhi’s first meeting with Shukla was at Lucknow. Then he went to Cawnpore and other parts of India. He returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad. Later he went to Calcutta, Patna and Muzaffarpur before arriving at Champaran.
Q2. What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want instead and why? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo?Ans: The peasants paid the British landlords indigo as rent. Now Germany had developed synthetic indigo. So, the British landlords wanted money as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The prices of natural indigo would go down due to the synthetic Indigo.
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi’s method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence?Ans: Gandhi’s politics was intermingled with the day-to-day problems of the millions of Indians. He opposed unjust laws. He was ready to court arrest for breaking such laws and going to jail. The famous Dandi March to break the ‘salt law’ is another instance. The resistance and disobedience was peaceful and a fight for truth and justice…This was linked directly to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers?Ans: For Gandhi the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been forced to return part of the money, and with it, part of their prestige too. So, he agreed to settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers.
Q2. How did the episode change the plight of the peasants?Ans: The peasants were saved from spending time and money on court cases. After some years the British planters gave up control of their estates. These now reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXTQ1.Why do you think Gaffdhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning- point in his life?Ans: The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of large number of poor peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi admits that what he had done was a very ordinary thing. He declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Hence, he considered the Champaran episode as a turning- point in his life.
Q2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers? Give instances.Ans: Gandhi asked the lawyers what they would do if he was sentenced to prison. They said that they had come to advise him. If he went to jail, they would go home. Then Gandhi asked them about the injustice to the sharecroppers. The lawyers held consultations. They came to the conclusion that it would be shameful desertion if they went home. So, they told Gandhi that they were ready to follow him into jail.
Q3. “What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of ‘home rule’?Ans: The average Indians in smaller localities were afraid to show sympathy for the advocates of home-rule. Gandhi stayed at Muzaffarpur for two days at the home of Professor Malkani, a teacher in a government school. It was an extraordinary thing in those days for a government professor to give shelter to one who opposed the government.
Q4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?Ans: Professor J.B. Kriplani received Gandhi at Muzaffarpur railway station at midnight. He had a large body of students with him. Sharecroppers from Champaran came on foot and by conveyance to see Gandhi. Muzaffarpur lawyers too called on him. A vast multitude greeted Gandhi when he reached Motihari railway station. Thousands of people demonstrated around the court room. This shows that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement in India.
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXTDiscuss the following:Q1. “Freedom from fear is more important than Legal justice for the poor.”Do you think that the poor of India are free from fear after Independence?Ans: For the poor of India means of survival are far more important than freedom or legal justice. I don’t think the poor of India are free from fear after Independence.The foreign rulers have been replaced by corrupt politicians and self-serving bureaucracy. Power- brokers and moneylenders have a field day. The situation has improved in cities and towns for the poor but the poor in the remote villages still fear the big farmers and moneylenders. The police and revenue officials are still objects of terror for them.The poor, landless workers have to still work hard to make both ends meet. Peasants and tenant-farmers have to borrow money from rich moneylenders on exorbitant rates of interest, which usually they fail to repay due to failure of monsoon or bad crops. Cases of small farmers committing suicide are quite common. If this is not due to fear, what is the reason behind it?
Q2. The qualities of a good leader.Ans: A good leader has a mass appeal. He rises from the masses, thinks for them and works for them. He is sincere in his approach. He is a man of principles. Truth, honesty, patriotism, morality, spirit of service and sacrifice are the hallmarks of a good leader. He never mixes politics with religion or sect. He believes in working for the welfare of the nation and does not think in the narrow terms of class, caste or region. Corruption and nepotism are two evils that surround a leader in power. The life of a good leader is an open book. There is no difference between his words and actions. Such good leaders are very rare. What we find today are practical politicians, who think of achieving their end without bothering about . the purity of means. The law of expediency gets the better of morality.
WORKING WITH WORDS 1.List the words used in the text that are related to legal procedures.For example: depositionAns: Notice, summons, prosecutor, trial, plead, guilty, order, penalty, sentence, bail, judgement, prison, case, inquiry, evidence, commission.•List other words that you know that fall into this category.Ans. Complaint, complainant, decree, defendant, witness, prosecution, defence, sessions, jury, verdict, decision.
THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE Q1. Notice the sentences in the text which are in ‘direct speech’. Why does the author use quotations in his narration?Ans: The following sentences in the text are in ‘direct speech’.(а)He said, “I will tell you how it happened that I decided to urge the departure of the British. It was in 1917.”(b)Gandhi recounted. “A peasant came up to me looking like any other peasant in India, poor and emaciated, and said, ‘I am Rajkumar Shukla. I am from Champaran, and I want you to come to my district!”(c)Gandhi said, “I have to be in Calcutta on such-and-such a date. Come and meet me and take me from there”.(d)“It was an extraordinary thing ‘in those days,” Gandhi commented, Tor a government professor to harbour a man like me.’(e)He said, “I have come to the conclusion that we should stop going to law courts. Taking such cases to the courts does little good. Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless. The real relief for them is to be free from fear.”(f) “The commissioner,” Gandhi reports, “proceeded to bully me and advised me forthwith to leave Tirhut”.(g)‘But how much must we pay?’ they asked Gandhi.(h)One woman took Kasturbabai into her hut and said, “Look, there is no box or cupboard here for clothes. The sari I am wearing is the only one I have”.(i) “What I did”, he explained, “was a very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country”.(j) He said, “You think that in this unequal fight it would be helpful if we have an Englishman on our side. This shows the weakness of your heart. The cause is just and you must rely upon yourselves to win the battle. You should not seek a prop in Mr ‘ Andrews because he happens to be an Englishman”.(k) “He had read our minds correctly,” Rajendra Prasad comments, “and we had no reply … Gandhi in this way taught uS a lesson in self-reliance”.The choice of the direct form strengthens the effectiveness of narration. The author uses quotations to highlight certain points which may not appear so effective in reporting indirectly.
Q2. Notice the use or non-use of the comma in the following sentences:(a) When I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevagram, he told me what happened in Champaran.(b) He had not proceeded far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him. (c) When the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.Ans: (i) When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.(ii) No comma is used when the main clause comes before the subordinate clause.
THINGS TO DO 1.Choose an issue that has provoked a controversy like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy or the Narmada Dam Project in which the lives of the poor have been affected.2.Find out the facts of the case.3.Present your arguments.4.Suggest a possible settlement.Ans: Extension activity : To be attempted under the guidance of the teacher.
MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1.Who was Rajkumar Shukla? Why did he come to Lucknow?Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran district in Bihar. He had come to Lucknow, where a Congress session was being held, to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar.
Q2. Where is Champaran district situated? What did the peasants grow there? How did they use their harvest?Ans: Champaran district of Bihar is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas, near the kingdom of Nepal. Under an ancient arrangement, the Champaran peasants were sharecroppers. They had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of the land and give it to the English estate owners as rent.
Q3. How did the development of synthetic indigo affect the English estate owners and the Indian tenants?Ans: The English estate owners saw that indigo cultivation was no longer profitable.Ihey wanted money from the sharecroppers as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. They obtained agreements from their tenants to this effect and extorted money illegally and deceitfully.
Q4. How did the Indian peasants react to the new agreement released them from sharecropping arrangement?Ans: The sharecropping arrangement was troublesome to the peasants. Many of them signed the new agreement willingly. Some resisted and engaged lawyers. Then they came to know about synthetic indigo. The peasants wanted their money back.
Q5. Why do you think Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from Rajendra Prasad’s well at Patna?Ans: The servants of Rajendra Prasad thought Gandhi to be another peasant. They did not know him. They were not certain whether he was an untouchable or not. They feared that some drops from his bucket might pollute the entire well. So, he was not permitted to draw water from the well.
Q6. Why did Gandhi decide to go first to Muzaffarpur before going to Champaran:Ans: Gandhi wanted to obtain more complete information about conditions than Shukla was capable of imparting. Muzaffarpur lawyers, who frequently represented peasant groups in courts, brief Gandhi about their cases.
Q7. Why did Gandhi chide the lawyers? What according to him was the real relief for the sharecroppers?Ans: Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big fee from the poor sharecroppers. He thought that taking such cases to the court did little good to the crushed and fear-stricken peasants. The relief for them, according to Gandhi, was to be free from fear.
Q8. How did Ga n dhi begin his mission in Champaran ? How far did his efforts prove successful ?Ans: He began by trying to get the facts. First, he visited the secretary of the British landlord’s association. He told Gandhi that they could give no information to an outsider. Then Gandhi called on the British official commissioner of the Tirhut Division. The commissioner tried to bully Gandhi and advised him to leave Tirhut.
Q9. How did Gandhi react to the commissioner’s advice? Where did he go and how did people react to his arrival?Ans: Gandhiji did not leave Tirhut division. Instead, he went to Motihari, the capital of Champaran. Several lawyers accompanied him. At the railway station, a very large crowd of people greeted Gandhi.
Q10. Where did Gandhiji want to go? What happened to him on the way? Ans: Gandhiji wanted to go to a nearby village where a peasant had been maltreated. He had not gone far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him and ordered him to return to town in his carriage. Gandhiji obeyed the order and returned with him.
Q11. ‘In consequence, Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court next day.’Which events of the previous day led to this state of affairs?Ans: The police superintendent’s messenger served an official notice on Gandhi. It ordered him to quit Champaran immediately. Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice. He wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. Hence, he was summoned to appear in the court.
Q12. What according to Gandhi was the beginning of the poor peasants’ ‘Liberation front fear of the British’ ?Ans: The next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. They had heard that a Mahatma who wanted to help them was in trouble with the authorities. They spontaneously demonstrated, in thousands, arround the courthouse. Gandhiji called their action of protest as their liberation from fear of the British.
Q13. Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?[Delhi 2014]Ans: Gandhiji felt that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless. Because the real relief for the peasants would come only when they become fearless. The peasants were in acute panic.
Q14. What was the “conflict of duties” in which Gandhi was involved?Ans: First, he did not want to set a bad example as a law breaker. Second, he wanted to render the “humanitarian and national service” for which he had come. He respected the lawful authority, but disregarded the order to leave to obey the voice of his conscience.
Q15. What according to Rajendra Prasad, was the upshot of the consultations of the lawyers regarding the injustice to sharecroppers?Ans: They thought that Gandhi was a total stranger. Yet he was ready to go to prison for the sake of the peasants. On the other hand, the lawyers were the residents of nearby districts. They also claimed to have served these peasants. It would be shameful desertion if they should go home then.
Q16. “Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.” How?Ans: A case against Gandhi was initiated for disregarding government orders. The spontaneous demonstration of thousands of peasants baffled the officials. The judge was requested to postpone the trial. Gandhi refused to furnish bail. The judge released him without bail. Several days later Gandhi received an official letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed.
Q17. What do you think, led Gandhi to exclaim “The battle of Champaran is won”?Ans: Gandhi was ready to go to jail fighting against the injustice to the sharecroppers. Many prominent lawyers had come from all over Bihar to advise and help him. At first, they said they would go back if Gandhi went to prison. Later, they had consultations. They told Gandhi they were ready to follow him into jail. This support made Gandhi extremely happy and confident. This confidence led him to exclaim that the battle of Champaran was won.
Q18. How did Gandhi and the lawyers try to secure justice for the sharecroppers?Ans: They started conducting a detailed enquiry into the grievances of the peasants. Depositions by about ten thousand peasants were written down. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area came alive with the activities of the investigators. The landlords raised loud protests.
Q19. What was the reaction of Gandhi and his associates when he was summoned to the lieutenant governor?Ans: In June, Gandhiji was summoned to Sir Edward Gait, the Lieutenant Governor. Anything could happen. Gandhi met his leading associates before going. Detailed plans for civil disobedience were chalked out in case he should not return.
Q20. What was the outcome of the four protracted interviews Gandhiji had with the Lieutenant Governor? Ans: An official commission of enquiry into the sharecroppers’ situation was appointed. This commission consisted of landlords, government officials and Gandhi as the sole representative of the peasants.
Q21. Why did the big planters agree in principle to make refund to the peasants?Ans: The official inquiry assembled a huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. The crushing evidence forced the big planters to agree in principle to make refund to the peasants.
Q22. What amount of repayment did the big planters think Gandhi would demand? What did Gandhi ask? What amount was finally settled?Ans: They thought Gandhi would demand repayment in full of the money they had extorted from the sharecroppers. Gandhi asked only 50 per cent. The planters offered to refund up to 25 per cent. Gandhi was adamant on 50 per cent. The deadlock was broken when Gandhi agreed to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to peasants.
Q23. HQW did the refund-settlement influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran?Ans: Before the settlement of the refund, the planters had behaved as lords above the law. Now the peasant saw that he had rights and defenders. He learned courage. Within a few years, the British planters abandoned their estates. The peasants became masters of the land. There were no sharecropers now.
Q24. Which other spheres besides political or economic fields received Gandhi’s attention during his long stay in Champaran?Ans:The cultural and social backwardness of the Champaran areas pained Gandhi. He appealed for teachers. Several persons responded to his call. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation. With the help of a doctor and three medicines, they tried to fight the miserable health conditions.
Q25.“This was typical Gandhi pattern” observes Louis Fischer. What do you learn about Gandhian politics from the extract ‘Indigo’?Ans:Gandhi’s politics was intermixed with the practical, everyday life of the millions of Indians. This was not a loyalty to abstractions. It was a loyalty to living human beings. In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free.
Q26. How did Gandhi teach his followers a lesson of self-reliance?Ans. During the Champaran action, Gandhi’s lawyer friends thought it would be good if C.F. Andrews stayed on in Champaran and helped them. Gandhi opposed this idea as it showed the weakness of their heart. Their cause was just and they must rely upon themselves to win this unequal fight. They should not seek the support of Mr Andrews because he happened to be an Englishman.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1. What solution to the problems of the poor did Gandhi suggest? How far did the Champaran movement help in this direction?OR“The real relief for them is to be free from fear”, remarked Gandhi. What do you think, was “the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British” ?Ans. The sharecropper peasants had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of their holdings and surrender the indigo harvest as rent to the landlord. When Germany developed synthetic indigo, the British planters started extracting money illegally and deceitfully as compensation from the peasants for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The peasants were made to sign new agreements and pay money. The planters behaved as lords above the law. Many peasants engaged lawyers at hefty fees and went to courts.The Muzaffarpur lawyers briefed Gandhi about the peasants for whom they frequently represented in courts. Gandhi realised that these peasants were badly crushed and fear- stricken. Freedom from fear was more important than legal justice for them. Gandhiji was ready to court arrest for them. Thousands of peasants demonstrated spontaneously around the court. The government had to release Gandhi without bail. This voluntary uprising of the peasants marked the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British.
Q2. Why was Gandhi summoned to appear in the court? How did he gain his liberty ?OR‘Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.’Relate the events during Gandhi’s stay in Champaran that led to the triumph.Ans. Gandhi had reached Motihari, the Capital of Champaran, to study the problems of the sharecropper peasants. He was on his way to a neighbouring village, where a peasant was ill-treated. On the way, he was stopped by the police superintendent’s messenger and ordered to return to town. When he reached home, he was served with an official notice to quit Champaran at once. Gandhi wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. So Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court the next day.Next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. Thousands of peasants demonstrated voluntarily outside the court. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the trial. Gandhi protested against the delay. He read out a statement pleading guilty. He asked the penalty. The judge announced that he would pronounce the sentence after a two-hour recess. He asked Gandhi to furnish bail for that period. Gandhi refused. The judge released him without bail. After the recess, the judge said that he would not deliver the judgement for several days. Meanwhile he allowed Gandhi to remain at liberty.Several days later Gandhi received a letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed, for the first time in India.
Q3. Give an account of Gandhi’s efforts to secure justice for the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran.OR“Indigo sharecropping disappeared.” Which factors do you think, helped to achieve freedom for the fear-stricken peasants of Champaran?Ans. Gandhi went to Champaran on receiving reports of exploitation of the poor sharecropper peasants at the hands of British planters. He began by trying to get the facts. The British landlords as well as the Commissioner of Tirhut were non-cooperative. Lawyers from MuZaffarpur briefed him about the court cases of these peasants.Gandhi and the lawyers collected depositions by about ten thousand peasants. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area throbbed with the activities of the investigators and forceful protests of landlords.The lieutenant governor summoned Gandhi. After four protracted interviews an official commission of inquiry was appointed to look into the indigo sharecroppers’ condition. Gandhi was the sole representative of the peasants. The official inquiry assembled huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. They agreed, in principle, to make refunds to the peasants. After consultation, a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers was agreed on. This was a moral victory of the peasants. They recognised their rights and learned courage.Within a few years the British planters gave up their estates. These now went back to the peasants. They became the masters of land. Thus, indigo sharecropping disappeared.
Q4. How did Gandhi work for rural uplift during his stay in ChamparantAns. Gandhi wanted to do something to remove the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages. He appealed for teachers. Two young disciples of Gandhi, Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh and their wives volunteered themselves for work. Several others responded from distant parts of the country. Mrs. Kasturba Gandhi and Devdas, Gandhi’s youngest son, arrived from the Ashram. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community cleanliness. She also talked to women about their filthy clothes.Health conditions were miserable. Gandhi got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months. Only three medicines were available: Castor oil, quinine and sulphur ointment. Anyone who showed a coated tongue was given a dose of castor oil; anybody with malaria fever received quinine plus castor oil; anybody with skin eruptions received ointment plus caster oil.Thus, Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He worked for total uplift of villages and the poor sections of the society.
Q5. ‘Self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.’ Elucidate on the basis of reading ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.OR‘The Champaran episode was a turning-point in Gandhi’s life. Explain with examples from ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.Ans. Gandhi stayed in Champaran for a long time. The Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was during this struggle in 1917 that he decided to urge the departure of the British.Champaran episode did not begin as an act of defiance. It grew out of an attempt to make the sufferings of large numbers of poor peasants less severe. Gandhi concentrated on their practical day to day problems. He analysed the root cause of the problem-fear, and tried to eradicate it. The voluntary demonstration of the poor peasants against the government for putting Gandhi in trouble was the beginning of the end of their fear of the British.In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free. He taught his lawyer friends a lesson in self-reliance by opposing the involvement of C.F. Andrews, an Englishman in .their unequal fight. His help would be a prop. This would reflect their weakness. Their cause was just and they must rely on themselves to win the battle. Thus self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.
Q6. Justify the appropriateness of the title ‘Indigo’ to this extract.Ans. The title ‘Indigo’ is quite appropriate, to the point and suggestive. It at once focuses our * attention on the central issue-the exploitation of the indigo sharecropper peasants at the hands of cruel British planters. They compelled them through a long term agreement to raise indigo on 15 per cent of their landholding and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.After the development of synthetic indigo by Germany, the British planters extracted money from the peasants as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent agreement. The peasants who wanted their money back had filed civil suits. The planters who behaved as lords above the law and were dreaded by the poor were obliged to surrender part of money and with it part of their prestige.The extract also points out the work done by Gandhi and his associates to improve the economic, political, cultural and social fife of the indigo sharecroppers. Their education, health and hygiene also received due attention. The plight of indigo sharecroppers, then- struggle under Gandhi’s leadership and ultimate victory when Indigo sharecropping disappeared from important landmarks. Thus, the title ‘Indigo’ is highly suggestive and apt.
Q7. What impression do you form about Gandhi on reading the chapter ‘Indigo’ ?Ans. The chapter ‘Indigo’ pays a tribute to the leadership shown by Mahatma Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through convincing argumentation and negotiation. Gandhi had a magnetic attraction and great persuasive power. He could draw people of all classes to himself and make them partners in the freedom movement. Even ordinary people were inspired to make contribution to the freedom movement.Gandhi emerges as a champion of the downtrodden and the oppressed. Rural uplift was his favourite programme. His knowledge of legal procedure and respect for law is also highlighted. He does not want to be a lawbreaker. At the same time he wants to render the humanitarian and national service in obedience to the higher law of our being, the voice of conscience. He also appears as a polite and friendly person. Gandhi’s ability to read the minds of others made them speechless. He believed in self-reliance, just cause and purity of means to achieve India’s Independence.
Q8. Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for Independence? [All India 2014]Ans. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of a large number of ’ peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Under his leadership, the peasants became aware of their rights. Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer of Champaran helped him a lot in bringing about the change. Other peasants too fought courageously and contributed in their own way to the movement. It resulted in their winning the battle of Champaran. The effects of Gandhi’s method of non-violence and non-cooperation proved very fruitful in this movement. Hence, it can be said that the Champaran episode is the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence.
VALUE-RASED QUESTIONSQ1. Patriotism is in political life what faith is in religion. John F Kennedy said, “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”. Those who sacrifice their comfort for the welfare of the state get recognition. Write an article on the topic ‘Patriotism’. You can take ideas from the following hints:“They thought, amongst themselves, that Gandhi was totally a stranger, and yet he was prepared to go to prison for the sake of the peasants; if they, on the other hand, being not only residents of the adjoining districts but also those who claimed to have served these peasants, should go home, it would be shameful desertion.”Ans. Patriotism
Breathes there the man with soul so dead, who never to himself hath said, this is my own native land! —Scott
Patriotism implies love for one’s nation. A patriot is ready to sacrifice his comfort for the service of his nation. It was for his country’s sake that Sardar Bhagat Singh kissed the gallows. It was for the love for their land that Shivaji, Rana Pratap and Guru Govind Singh suffered untold hardships. True patriots respect other nations and religions but don’t allow anyone to insult their nation. A great philosopher said, “It is not gold that makes a nation great. It is the sacrifice and martyrdom of patriots that raises a nation to the heights of glory.” India is a land where patriots are in abundance. It got its freedom only because of the efforts of its patriots. Patriotism is a religion and an ideal. It is an ideology that guides the people of a nation. It is a feeling and a bond that unites the people of various sects, beliefs and backgrounds together. A patriot must not be narrow minded. He should develop an international progressive outlook. It would be pertinent to quote the words of Seneca here “No one loves his country for its size or eminence, but because it is his own.”
Q2. Undoubtedly, only a socially just country has the right to exist. In the modern world justice is a concept. Muscle is the reality. Corruption has become the way of the world. The destitute are exploited ruthlessly. People feel that ‘to make a living, craftiness is better than learnedness’. Write an article on the topic mentioned above taking ideas from the given lines:“Gandhi protested against the delay. He read a statement pleading guilty… when the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.”Ans. Corruption in Contemporary IndiaCorruption has engulfed all the educated, skilled and semi-skilled workers. Corruption means dishonesty and illegal behavior especially of the people in authority. A person resorts to corruption because of his poverty, lack of moral strength and other psychological and financial problems. Moreover, the path of righteousness is full of thorns. Some of the youngsters are misguided by the friends to multiply their benefits within a short span of time. One should always remember that corruption starts from the top. If the head of the family is corrupt, the other members will also imitate his actions. Our politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt and unscrupulous. They don’t have any moral authority. Such corrupt politicians and bureaucrats should be punished and the honest persons should be rewarded if we intend to create a congenial atmosphere in our country. The system of justice is outdated and obsolete. It is said that ‘justice delayed is justice denied’. People do not get justice in the court of law. If corruption is not checked, the poor will be exploited without any inhibition.
Q3. Obstacles determine the quality of life. Hermits feel convinced that ‘sweet are the uses of adversity’. Problems are opportunities. Elucidate the saying taking ideas from the given lines: “Events justified Gandhi’s position. Within a few years the British planters abandoned their estates, which reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.”Ans. Sweet are the Uses of AdversityThe Bible proclaims that ‘Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward’. Adversity is the first path that leads towards the truth. Emerson opines that ‘every calamity is a spur and valuable hint’. But one cannot forget the truth that ‘there is no wind that always blows a storm’. Problems are only opportunities in work clothes. Every individual aspires to attain phenomenal success in this era of consumerism. No one can refuse to accept the fact that material pleasures and prosperity bring happiness. But one cannot dare to ignore the significance of trying circumstances. One wishes to be away from the situations which can be troublesome and irksome. But one must not despair in those situations and should face the music of life. Prosperity makes a person lazy and ease loving. Adversity, on the other hand, though trying and full of hardships, has a chastening effect. One’s character and personality become dynamic and vibrant if one fights bravely against the odd circumstances. It will not be wrong if we say that “as gold shines in fire, man shines in adversity.
“If you are distressed by anythingexternal, the pain is not due tothe thing itself, but to your ownestimate of it; and this you havethe power to revoke at any moment” —Marcus Aurelius
Q4. Education sets the tone of a nation. Joseph Addison has rightly said, “What sculpture to a block of marble, education is to the soul”. But the quality of education is deteriorating gradually. Discuss the defects of our education system in your own words. Do remember the following expressions:“Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages… He appealed for teachers.”Ans. Defects of our Education System“Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence”. Education does not mean teaching people to know what they do not know; it means teaching them to behave as they do not behave, says John Ruskin. The prime objective of our education system is to develop a child’s over all personality. It should train not only the mind, but also the body and soul. Unfortunately, our present education system fails to achieve these objectives. The present education system does not make a child creative. It makes him a crammer. A child/pupil has to mug up nearly 200¬300 pages a year to pass his examination. Students are not given any practical training. They never go to laboratories to verify the theories. Moreover, the present admission system has become the laughing stock of society. The school authorities have a provision for those tiny tots who seek admission to pre-nursery. This is the height of absurdity. We need not the people who can only read and write. Our nation requires engineers, scientists, technicians and doctors. Vocational education is the need of the hour but not at the cost of values. An educated man should not have only bookish knowledge. He must have the knowledge of practical things. Maria Montessori conceived that ‘The first idea that the child must acquire in order to be actively disciplined is that of the difference between good and evil; and the task of the educator lies in seeing that the child does not confound good with immobility, and evil with activity.
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NCERT Class 12 English Chapter 5 Indigo
NCERT Class 12 English :: Chapter 5 Indigo
(English Flamingo Prose)
QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED:
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. Strike out what is not true in the following:(a)Rajkumar Shukla was:(i)a sharecropper (ii)a politician(iii)delegate (iv)a landlord.(b) Rajkumar Shukla was:(i) poor (ii)physically strong(iii) illiterate.Ans: (a) (ii) a politician(b) (ii) physically strong
Q2. Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being ‘resolute’?Ans: He had come all the way from Champaran district in the foothills of Himalayas to Lucknow to speak to Gandhi. Shukla accompanied Gandhi everywhere. Shukla followed him to the ashram near Ahmedabad. For weeks he never left Gandhi’s side till Gandhi asked him to meet at Calcutta.
Q3. Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant?Ans: Shukla led Gandhi to Rajendra Prasad’s house. The servants knew Shukla as a poor yeoman. Gandhi was also clad in a simple dhoti. He was the companion of a peasant. Hence, the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at Champaran.Ans: Gandhi’s first meeting with Shukla was at Lucknow. Then he went to Cawnpore and other parts of India. He returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad. Later he went to Calcutta, Patna and Muzaffarpur before arriving at Champaran.
Q2. What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want instead and why? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo?Ans: The peasants paid the British landlords indigo as rent. Now Germany had developed synthetic indigo. So, the British landlords wanted money as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The prices of natural indigo would go down due to the synthetic Indigo.
THINK AS YOU READ Q1. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi’s method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence?Ans: Gandhi’s politics was intermingled with the day-to-day problems of the millions of Indians. He opposed unjust laws. He was ready to court arrest for breaking such laws and going to jail. The famous Dandi March to break the ‘salt law’ is another instance. The resistance and disobedience was peaceful and a fight for truth and justice…This was linked directly to his ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence.
THINK AS YOU READQ1. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers?Ans: For Gandhi the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been forced to return part of the money, and with it, part of their prestige too. So, he agreed to settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers.
Q2. How did the episode change the plight of the peasants?Ans: The peasants were saved from spending time and money on court cases. After some years the British planters gave up control of their estates. These now reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXTQ1.Why do you think Gaffdhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning- point in his life?Ans: The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of large number of poor peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi admits that what he had done was a very ordinary thing. He declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Hence, he considered the Champaran episode as a turning- point in his life.
Q2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers? Give instances.Ans: Gandhi asked the lawyers what they would do if he was sentenced to prison. They said that they had come to advise him. If he went to jail, they would go home. Then Gandhi asked them about the injustice to the sharecroppers. The lawyers held consultations. They came to the conclusion that it would be shameful desertion if they went home. So, they told Gandhi that they were ready to follow him into jail.
Q3. “What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of ‘home rule’?Ans: The average Indians in smaller localities were afraid to show sympathy for the advocates of home-rule. Gandhi stayed at Muzaffarpur for two days at the home of Professor Malkani, a teacher in a government school. It was an extraordinary thing in those days for a government professor to give shelter to one who opposed the government.
Q4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?Ans: Professor J.B. Kriplani received Gandhi at Muzaffarpur railway station at midnight. He had a large body of students with him. Sharecroppers from Champaran came on foot and by conveyance to see Gandhi. Muzaffarpur lawyers too called on him. A vast multitude greeted Gandhi when he reached Motihari railway station. Thousands of people demonstrated around the court room. This shows that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement in India.
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXTDiscuss the following:Q1. “Freedom from fear is more important than Legal justice for the poor.”Do you think that the poor of India are free from fear after Independence?Ans: For the poor of India means of survival are far more important than freedom or legal justice. I don’t think the poor of India are free from fear after Independence.The foreign rulers have been replaced by corrupt politicians and self-serving bureaucracy. Power- brokers and moneylenders have a field day. The situation has improved in cities and towns for the poor but the poor in the remote villages still fear the big farmers and moneylenders. The police and revenue officials are still objects of terror for them.The poor, landless workers have to still work hard to make both ends meet. Peasants and tenant-farmers have to borrow money from rich moneylenders on exorbitant rates of interest, which usually they fail to repay due to failure of monsoon or bad crops. Cases of small farmers committing suicide are quite common. If this is not due to fear, what is the reason behind it?
Q2. The qualities of a good leader.Ans: A good leader has a mass appeal. He rises from the masses, thinks for them and works for them. He is sincere in his approach. He is a man of principles. Truth, honesty, patriotism, morality, spirit of service and sacrifice are the hallmarks of a good leader. He never mixes politics with religion or sect. He believes in working for the welfare of the nation and does not think in the narrow terms of class, caste or region. Corruption and nepotism are two evils that surround a leader in power. The life of a good leader is an open book. There is no difference between his words and actions. Such good leaders are very rare. What we find today are practical politicians, who think of achieving their end without bothering about . the purity of means. The law of expediency gets the better of morality.
WORKING WITH WORDS 1.List the words used in the text that are related to legal procedures.For example: depositionAns: Notice, summons, prosecutor, trial, plead, guilty, order, penalty, sentence, bail, judgement, prison, case, inquiry, evidence, commission.•List other words that you know that fall into this category.Ans. Complaint, complainant, decree, defendant, witness, prosecution, defence, sessions, jury, verdict, decision.
THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE Q1. Notice the sentences in the text which are in ‘direct speech’. Why does the author use quotations in his narration?Ans: The following sentences in the text are in ‘direct speech’.(а)He said, “I will tell you how it happened that I decided to urge the departure of the British. It was in 1917.”(b)Gandhi recounted. “A peasant came up to me looking like any other peasant in India, poor and emaciated, and said, ‘I am Rajkumar Shukla. I am from Champaran, and I want you to come to my district!”(c)Gandhi said, “I have to be in Calcutta on such-and-such a date. Come and meet me and take me from there”.(d)“It was an extraordinary thing ‘in those days,” Gandhi commented, Tor a government professor to harbour a man like me.’(e)He said, “I have come to the conclusion that we should stop going to law courts. Taking such cases to the courts does little good. Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless. The real relief for them is to be free from fear.”(f) “The commissioner,” Gandhi reports, “proceeded to bully me and advised me forthwith to leave Tirhut”.(g)‘But how much must we pay?’ they asked Gandhi.(h)One woman took Kasturbabai into her hut and said, “Look, there is no box or cupboard here for clothes. The sari I am wearing is the only one I have”.(i) “What I did”, he explained, “was a very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country”.(j) He said, “You think that in this unequal fight it would be helpful if we have an Englishman on our side. This shows the weakness of your heart. The cause is just and you must rely upon yourselves to win the battle. You should not seek a prop in Mr ‘ Andrews because he happens to be an Englishman”.(k) “He had read our minds correctly,” Rajendra Prasad comments, “and we had no reply … Gandhi in this way taught uS a lesson in self-reliance”.The choice of the direct form strengthens the effectiveness of narration. The author uses quotations to highlight certain points which may not appear so effective in reporting indirectly.
Q2. Notice the use or non-use of the comma in the following sentences:(a) When I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevagram, he told me what happened in Champaran.(b) He had not proceeded far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him. (c) When the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.Ans: (i) When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.(ii) No comma is used when the main clause comes before the subordinate clause.
THINGS TO DO 1.Choose an issue that has provoked a controversy like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy or the Narmada Dam Project in which the lives of the poor have been affected.2.Find out the facts of the case.3.Present your arguments.4.Suggest a possible settlement.Ans: Extension activity : To be attempted under the guidance of the teacher.
MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1.Who was Rajkumar Shukla? Why did he come to Lucknow?Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran district in Bihar. He had come to Lucknow, where a Congress session was being held, to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar.
Q2. Where is Champaran district situated? What did the peasants grow there? How did they use their harvest?Ans: Champaran district of Bihar is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas, near the kingdom of Nepal. Under an ancient arrangement, the Champaran peasants were sharecroppers. They had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of the land and give it to the English estate owners as rent.
Q3. How did the development of synthetic indigo affect the English estate owners and the Indian tenants?Ans: The English estate owners saw that indigo cultivation was no longer profitable.Ihey wanted money from the sharecroppers as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. They obtained agreements from their tenants to this effect and extorted money illegally and deceitfully.
Q4. How did the Indian peasants react to the new agreement released them from sharecropping arrangement?Ans: The sharecropping arrangement was troublesome to the peasants. Many of them signed the new agreement willingly. Some resisted and engaged lawyers. Then they came to know about synthetic indigo. The peasants wanted their money back.
Q5. Why do you think Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from Rajendra Prasad’s well at Patna?Ans: The servants of Rajendra Prasad thought Gandhi to be another peasant. They did not know him. They were not certain whether he was an untouchable or not. They feared that some drops from his bucket might pollute the entire well. So, he was not permitted to draw water from the well.
Q6. Why did Gandhi decide to go first to Muzaffarpur before going to Champaran:Ans: Gandhi wanted to obtain more complete information about conditions than Shukla was capable of imparting. Muzaffarpur lawyers, who frequently represented peasant groups in courts, brief Gandhi about their cases.
Q7. Why did Gandhi chide the lawyers? What according to him was the real relief for the sharecroppers?Ans: Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big fee from the poor sharecroppers. He thought that taking such cases to the court did little good to the crushed and fear-stricken peasants. The relief for them, according to Gandhi, was to be free from fear.
Q8. How did Ga n dhi begin his mission in Champaran ? How far did his efforts prove successful ?Ans: He began by trying to get the facts. First, he visited the secretary of the British landlord’s association. He told Gandhi that they could give no information to an outsider. Then Gandhi called on the British official commissioner of the Tirhut Division. The commissioner tried to bully Gandhi and advised him to leave Tirhut.
Q9. How did Gandhi react to the commissioner’s advice? Where did he go and how did people react to his arrival?Ans: Gandhiji did not leave Tirhut division. Instead, he went to Motihari, the capital of Champaran. Several lawyers accompanied him. At the railway station, a very large crowd of people greeted Gandhi.
Q10. Where did Gandhiji want to go? What happened to him on the way? Ans: Gandhiji wanted to go to a nearby village where a peasant had been maltreated. He had not gone far when the police superintendent’s messenger overtook him and ordered him to return to town in his carriage. Gandhiji obeyed the order and returned with him.
Q11. ‘In consequence, Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court next day.’Which events of the previous day led to this state of affairs?Ans: The police superintendent’s messenger served an official notice on Gandhi. It ordered him to quit Champaran immediately. Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice. He wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. Hence, he was summoned to appear in the court.
Q12. What according to Gandhi was the beginning of the poor peasants’ ‘Liberation front fear of the British’ ?Ans: The next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. They had heard that a Mahatma who wanted to help them was in trouble with the authorities. They spontaneously demonstrated, in thousands, arround the courthouse. Gandhiji called their action of protest as their liberation from fear of the British.
Q13. Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?[Delhi 2014]Ans: Gandhiji felt that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless. Because the real relief for the peasants would come only when they become fearless. The peasants were in acute panic.
Q14. What was the “conflict of duties” in which Gandhi was involved?Ans: First, he did not want to set a bad example as a law breaker. Second, he wanted to render the “humanitarian and national service” for which he had come. He respected the lawful authority, but disregarded the order to leave to obey the voice of his conscience.
Q15. What according to Rajendra Prasad, was the upshot of the consultations of the lawyers regarding the injustice to sharecroppers?Ans: They thought that Gandhi was a total stranger. Yet he was ready to go to prison for the sake of the peasants. On the other hand, the lawyers were the residents of nearby districts. They also claimed to have served these peasants. It would be shameful desertion if they should go home then.
Q16. “Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.” How?Ans: A case against Gandhi was initiated for disregarding government orders. The spontaneous demonstration of thousands of peasants baffled the officials. The judge was requested to postpone the trial. Gandhi refused to furnish bail. The judge released him without bail. Several days later Gandhi received an official letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed.
Q17. What do you think, led Gandhi to exclaim “The battle of Champaran is won”?Ans: Gandhi was ready to go to jail fighting against the injustice to the sharecroppers. Many prominent lawyers had come from all over Bihar to advise and help him. At first, they said they would go back if Gandhi went to prison. Later, they had consultations. They told Gandhi they were ready to follow him into jail. This support made Gandhi extremely happy and confident. This confidence led him to exclaim that the battle of Champaran was won.
Q18. How did Gandhi and the lawyers try to secure justice for the sharecroppers?Ans: They started conducting a detailed enquiry into the grievances of the peasants. Depositions by about ten thousand peasants were written down. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area came alive with the activities of the investigators. The landlords raised loud protests.
Q19. What was the reaction of Gandhi and his associates when he was summoned to the lieutenant governor?Ans: In June, Gandhiji was summoned to Sir Edward Gait, the Lieutenant Governor. Anything could happen. Gandhi met his leading associates before going. Detailed plans for civil disobedience were chalked out in case he should not return.
Q20. What was the outcome of the four protracted interviews Gandhiji had with the Lieutenant Governor? Ans: An official commission of enquiry into the sharecroppers’ situation was appointed. This commission consisted of landlords, government officials and Gandhi as the sole representative of the peasants.
Q21. Why did the big planters agree in principle to make refund to the peasants?Ans: The official inquiry assembled a huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. The crushing evidence forced the big planters to agree in principle to make refund to the peasants.
Q22. What amount of repayment did the big planters think Gandhi would demand? What did Gandhi ask? What amount was finally settled?Ans: They thought Gandhi would demand repayment in full of the money they had extorted from the sharecroppers. Gandhi asked only 50 per cent. The planters offered to refund up to 25 per cent. Gandhi was adamant on 50 per cent. The deadlock was broken when Gandhi agreed to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to peasants.
Q23. HQW did the refund-settlement influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran?Ans: Before the settlement of the refund, the planters had behaved as lords above the law. Now the peasant saw that he had rights and defenders. He learned courage. Within a few years, the British planters abandoned their estates. The peasants became masters of the land. There were no sharecropers now.
Q24. Which other spheres besides political or economic fields received Gandhi’s attention during his long stay in Champaran?Ans:The cultural and social backwardness of the Champaran areas pained Gandhi. He appealed for teachers. Several persons responded to his call. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation. With the help of a doctor and three medicines, they tried to fight the miserable health conditions.
Q25.“This was typical Gandhi pattern” observes Louis Fischer. What do you learn about Gandhian politics from the extract ‘Indigo’?Ans:Gandhi’s politics was intermixed with the practical, everyday life of the millions of Indians. This was not a loyalty to abstractions. It was a loyalty to living human beings. In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free.
Q26. How did Gandhi teach his followers a lesson of self-reliance?Ans. During the Champaran action, Gandhi’s lawyer friends thought it would be good if C.F. Andrews stayed on in Champaran and helped them. Gandhi opposed this idea as it showed the weakness of their heart. Their cause was just and they must rely upon themselves to win this unequal fight. They should not seek the support of Mr Andrews because he happened to be an Englishman.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQ1. What solution to the problems of the poor did Gandhi suggest? How far did the Champaran movement help in this direction?OR“The real relief for them is to be free from fear”, remarked Gandhi. What do you think, was “the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British” ?Ans. The sharecropper peasants had to grow indigo on 15 per cent of their holdings and surrender the indigo harvest as rent to the landlord. When Germany developed synthetic indigo, the British planters started extracting money illegally and deceitfully as compensation from the peasants for being released from the 15 per cent arrangement. The peasants were made to sign new agreements and pay money. The planters behaved as lords above the law. Many peasants engaged lawyers at hefty fees and went to courts.The Muzaffarpur lawyers briefed Gandhi about the peasants for whom they frequently represented in courts. Gandhi realised that these peasants were badly crushed and fear- stricken. Freedom from fear was more important than legal justice for them. Gandhiji was ready to court arrest for them. Thousands of peasants demonstrated spontaneously around the court. The government had to release Gandhi without bail. This voluntary uprising of the peasants marked the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British.
Q2. Why was Gandhi summoned to appear in the court? How did he gain his liberty ?OR‘Civil disobedience had triumphed, the first time in modern India.’Relate the events during Gandhi’s stay in Champaran that led to the triumph.Ans. Gandhi had reached Motihari, the Capital of Champaran, to study the problems of the sharecropper peasants. He was on his way to a neighbouring village, where a peasant was ill-treated. On the way, he was stopped by the police superintendent’s messenger and ordered to return to town. When he reached home, he was served with an official notice to quit Champaran at once. Gandhi wrote on the receipt that he would disobey the order. So Gandhi received a summons to appear in the court the next day.Next morning the town of Motihari was black with peasants. Thousands of peasants demonstrated voluntarily outside the court. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the trial. Gandhi protested against the delay. He read out a statement pleading guilty. He asked the penalty. The judge announced that he would pronounce the sentence after a two-hour recess. He asked Gandhi to furnish bail for that period. Gandhi refused. The judge released him without bail. After the recess, the judge said that he would not deliver the judgement for several days. Meanwhile he allowed Gandhi to remain at liberty.Several days later Gandhi received a letter. The case against him had been dropped. Thus, civil disobedience had triumphed, for the first time in India.
Q3. Give an account of Gandhi’s efforts to secure justice for the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran.OR“Indigo sharecropping disappeared.” Which factors do you think, helped to achieve freedom for the fear-stricken peasants of Champaran?Ans. Gandhi went to Champaran on receiving reports of exploitation of the poor sharecropper peasants at the hands of British planters. He began by trying to get the facts. The British landlords as well as the Commissioner of Tirhut were non-cooperative. Lawyers from MuZaffarpur briefed him about the court cases of these peasants.Gandhi and the lawyers collected depositions by about ten thousand peasants. Notes were made on other evidence. Documents were collected. The whole area throbbed with the activities of the investigators and forceful protests of landlords.The lieutenant governor summoned Gandhi. After four protracted interviews an official commission of inquiry was appointed to look into the indigo sharecroppers’ condition. Gandhi was the sole representative of the peasants. The official inquiry assembled huge quantity of evidence against the big planters. They agreed, in principle, to make refunds to the peasants. After consultation, a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers was agreed on. This was a moral victory of the peasants. They recognised their rights and learned courage.Within a few years the British planters gave up their estates. These now went back to the peasants. They became the masters of land. Thus, indigo sharecropping disappeared.
Q4. How did Gandhi work for rural uplift during his stay in ChamparantAns. Gandhi wanted to do something to remove the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages. He appealed for teachers. Two young disciples of Gandhi, Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh and their wives volunteered themselves for work. Several others responded from distant parts of the country. Mrs. Kasturba Gandhi and Devdas, Gandhi’s youngest son, arrived from the Ashram. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturba taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community cleanliness. She also talked to women about their filthy clothes.Health conditions were miserable. Gandhi got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months. Only three medicines were available: Castor oil, quinine and sulphur ointment. Anyone who showed a coated tongue was given a dose of castor oil; anybody with malaria fever received quinine plus castor oil; anybody with skin eruptions received ointment plus caster oil.Thus, Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He worked for total uplift of villages and the poor sections of the society.
Q5. ‘Self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.’ Elucidate on the basis of reading ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.OR‘The Champaran episode was a turning-point in Gandhi’s life. Explain with examples from ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer.Ans. Gandhi stayed in Champaran for a long time. The Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was during this struggle in 1917 that he decided to urge the departure of the British.Champaran episode did not begin as an act of defiance. It grew out of an attempt to make the sufferings of large numbers of poor peasants less severe. Gandhi concentrated on their practical day to day problems. He analysed the root cause of the problem-fear, and tried to eradicate it. The voluntary demonstration of the poor peasants against the government for putting Gandhi in trouble was the beginning of the end of their fear of the British.In everything Gandhi did, he tried to mould a new free Indian who could stand on his own feet and thus make India free. He taught his lawyer friends a lesson in self-reliance by opposing the involvement of C.F. Andrews, an Englishman in .their unequal fight. His help would be a prop. This would reflect their weakness. Their cause was just and they must rely on themselves to win the battle. Thus self-reliance, Indian independence and help to sharecroppers were all bound together.
Q6. Justify the appropriateness of the title ‘Indigo’ to this extract.Ans. The title ‘Indigo’ is quite appropriate, to the point and suggestive. It at once focuses our * attention on the central issue-the exploitation of the indigo sharecropper peasants at the hands of cruel British planters. They compelled them through a long term agreement to raise indigo on 15 per cent of their landholding and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.After the development of synthetic indigo by Germany, the British planters extracted money from the peasants as compensation for being released from the 15 per cent agreement. The peasants who wanted their money back had filed civil suits. The planters who behaved as lords above the law and were dreaded by the poor were obliged to surrender part of money and with it part of their prestige.The extract also points out the work done by Gandhi and his associates to improve the economic, political, cultural and social fife of the indigo sharecroppers. Their education, health and hygiene also received due attention. The plight of indigo sharecroppers, then- struggle under Gandhi’s leadership and ultimate victory when Indigo sharecropping disappeared from important landmarks. Thus, the title ‘Indigo’ is highly suggestive and apt.
Q7. What impression do you form about Gandhi on reading the chapter ‘Indigo’ ?Ans. The chapter ‘Indigo’ pays a tribute to the leadership shown by Mahatma Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through convincing argumentation and negotiation. Gandhi had a magnetic attraction and great persuasive power. He could draw people of all classes to himself and make them partners in the freedom movement. Even ordinary people were inspired to make contribution to the freedom movement.Gandhi emerges as a champion of the downtrodden and the oppressed. Rural uplift was his favourite programme. His knowledge of legal procedure and respect for law is also highlighted. He does not want to be a lawbreaker. At the same time he wants to render the humanitarian and national service in obedience to the higher law of our being, the voice of conscience. He also appears as a polite and friendly person. Gandhi’s ability to read the minds of others made them speechless. He believed in self-reliance, just cause and purity of means to achieve India’s Independence.
Q8. Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for Independence? [All India 2014]Ans. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to ease the sufferings of a large number of ’ peasants. He got spontaneous support of thousands of people. Gandhi declared that the British could not order him about in his own country. Under his leadership, the peasants became aware of their rights. Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer of Champaran helped him a lot in bringing about the change. Other peasants too fought courageously and contributed in their own way to the movement. It resulted in their winning the battle of Champaran. The effects of Gandhi’s method of non-violence and non-cooperation proved very fruitful in this movement. Hence, it can be said that the Champaran episode is the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence.
VALUE-RASED QUESTIONSQ1. Patriotism is in political life what faith is in religion. John F Kennedy said, “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”. Those who sacrifice their comfort for the welfare of the state get recognition. Write an article on the topic ‘Patriotism’. You can take ideas from the following hints:“They thought, amongst themselves, that Gandhi was totally a stranger, and yet he was prepared to go to prison for the sake of the peasants; if they, on the other hand, being not only residents of the adjoining districts but also those who claimed to have served these peasants, should go home, it would be shameful desertion.”Ans. Patriotism
Breathes there the man with soul so dead, who never to himself hath said, this is my own native land! —Scott
Patriotism implies love for one’s nation. A patriot is ready to sacrifice his comfort for the service of his nation. It was for his country’s sake that Sardar Bhagat Singh kissed the gallows. It was for the love for their land that Shivaji, Rana Pratap and Guru Govind Singh suffered untold hardships. True patriots respect other nations and religions but don’t allow anyone to insult their nation. A great philosopher said, “It is not gold that makes a nation great. It is the sacrifice and martyrdom of patriots that raises a nation to the heights of glory.” India is a land where patriots are in abundance. It got its freedom only because of the efforts of its patriots. Patriotism is a religion and an ideal. It is an ideology that guides the people of a nation. It is a feeling and a bond that unites the people of various sects, beliefs and backgrounds together. A patriot must not be narrow minded. He should develop an international progressive outlook. It would be pertinent to quote the words of Seneca here “No one loves his country for its size or eminence, but because it is his own.”
Q2. Undoubtedly, only a socially just country has the right to exist. In the modern world justice is a concept. Muscle is the reality. Corruption has become the way of the world. The destitute are exploited ruthlessly. People feel that ‘to make a living, craftiness is better than learnedness’. Write an article on the topic mentioned above taking ideas from the given lines:“Gandhi protested against the delay. He read a statement pleading guilty… when the court reconvened, the judge said he would not deliver the judgement for several days.”Ans. Corruption in Contemporary IndiaCorruption has engulfed all the educated, skilled and semi-skilled workers. Corruption means dishonesty and illegal behavior especially of the people in authority. A person resorts to corruption because of his poverty, lack of moral strength and other psychological and financial problems. Moreover, the path of righteousness is full of thorns. Some of the youngsters are misguided by the friends to multiply their benefits within a short span of time. One should always remember that corruption starts from the top. If the head of the family is corrupt, the other members will also imitate his actions. Our politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt and unscrupulous. They don’t have any moral authority. Such corrupt politicians and bureaucrats should be punished and the honest persons should be rewarded if we intend to create a congenial atmosphere in our country. The system of justice is outdated and obsolete. It is said that ‘justice delayed is justice denied’. People do not get justice in the court of law. If corruption is not checked, the poor will be exploited without any inhibition.
Q3. Obstacles determine the quality of life. Hermits feel convinced that ‘sweet are the uses of adversity’. Problems are opportunities. Elucidate the saying taking ideas from the given lines: “Events justified Gandhi’s position. Within a few years the British planters abandoned their estates, which reverted to the peasants. Indigo sharecropping disappeared.”Ans. Sweet are the Uses of AdversityThe Bible proclaims that ‘Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward’. Adversity is the first path that leads towards the truth. Emerson opines that ‘every calamity is a spur and valuable hint’. But one cannot forget the truth that ‘there is no wind that always blows a storm’. Problems are only opportunities in work clothes. Every individual aspires to attain phenomenal success in this era of consumerism. No one can refuse to accept the fact that material pleasures and prosperity bring happiness. But one cannot dare to ignore the significance of trying circumstances. One wishes to be away from the situations which can be troublesome and irksome. But one must not despair in those situations and should face the music of life. Prosperity makes a person lazy and ease loving. Adversity, on the other hand, though trying and full of hardships, has a chastening effect. One’s character and personality become dynamic and vibrant if one fights bravely against the odd circumstances. It will not be wrong if we say that “as gold shines in fire, man shines in adversity.
“If you are distressed by anythingexternal, the pain is not due tothe thing itself, but to your ownestimate of it; and this you havethe power to revoke at any moment” —Marcus Aurelius
Q4. Education sets the tone of a nation. Joseph Addison has rightly said, “What sculpture to a block of marble, education is to the soul”. But the quality of education is deteriorating gradually. Discuss the defects of our education system in your own words. Do remember the following expressions:“Gandhi never contented himself with large political or economic solutions. He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages… He appealed for teachers.”Ans. Defects of our Education System“Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence”. Education does not mean teaching people to know what they do not know; it means teaching them to behave as they do not behave, says John Ruskin. The prime objective of our education system is to develop a child’s over all personality. It should train not only the mind, but also the body and soul. Unfortunately, our present education system fails to achieve these objectives. The present education system does not make a child creative. It makes him a crammer. A child/pupil has to mug up nearly 200¬300 pages a year to pass his examination. Students are not given any practical training. They never go to laboratories to verify the theories. Moreover, the present admission system has become the laughing stock of society. The school authorities have a provision for those tiny tots who seek admission to pre-nursery. This is the height of absurdity. We need not the people who can only read and write. Our nation requires engineers, scientists, technicians and doctors. Vocational education is the need of the hour but not at the cost of values. An educated man should not have only bookish knowledge. He must have the knowledge of practical things. Maria Montessori conceived that ‘The first idea that the child must acquire in order to be actively disciplined is that of the difference between good and evil; and the task of the educator lies in seeing that the child does not confound good with immobility, and evil with activity.
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