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#pcm posts stuff
rxtgallows · 5 months
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being the same age as most long term lolitas were when they started getting into it but its different now bc there is just so much less of a community it feels like... like for me i feel more like i am finding a lot of individuals but no local communities bc its just rlly died down i think... like i found a 2013 pph article about a lolita meetup downtown. i dont think that wld happen now even if i COULD find a local community
#i think if theres not a lolita tea party/panel this year at pcm i will host one next year...#by then ill have been actively in the subculture for like a year and ill know a little more.. rn im JUST starting out i wld have no clue#what to do... but like i have ideas for stuff that wld be soo fun and ive always wanted to host/participate in an event or panel#once i was picked to participate in the fandom state alchemist test or w/e its called but then they wldnt let me after they saw my boot#which was so fail bc i absolutely cld have done tthe challenges with a broken foot. BLAH anyway#or like i hope they try the jfashion show again UGH probably not since it had to be cancelled due to lack of participation...#i jst would looove to have lolita friends in the area... idk how successful i wld be at converting someone and my sibling doesnt count#or ONE lolita friend... i only know of one lolita in maine and shes pretty well known in the NA lolita community from what i can tell so#ive met her a couple times actually she is very nice. idk what i am trying to say tbh#im more open to making friends at pcm in a lolita context and not a cosplay context bc every cosplayer ive interacted with for more than a#passing comment or picture turned out to be like umm a freak#or one of my moms students <- student who made all the dresses for the haunted town tour cosplaying kanaya that one year and then me showin#my mom the meetup pictures and her going omg.... thats d///////#she was a really really incredibly seamstress btw her costumes were beautiful. anyway. iconic.#i think probably i havent talked to anyone in a while and it is wearing me down i have to make these massive posts every day
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jasper-pagan-witch · 2 years
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How to Start Pop Culture Deity Research
So you’ve figured out that you want to work with a pop culture deity in your foray into pop culture magic and/or paganism (PCM or PCP). Firstly, congratulations! Choosing to work with a deity first instead of waiting for them to reach out is always nerve-wracking, and I’m proud of you for getting this far!
“Thank you, Jasper. But how do I do research into the pop culture deity?” you may ask. Pop culture deities tend to get little press, and you’re not alone in your struggle to find information on offerings, associations, or even domain. As I only work with pop culture deities at this time, that’s what I’m covering here. I’m also not going to cover picking the deity, as that’s a deeply personal process and is honestly just like picking a non-pop culture deity to work with or worship.
Luckily, there are six basic steps that you can take:
1: Scour canon and supplemental materials.
Checking the canon material is kinda self-explanatory for pop culture magic. While non-canon materials can often contradict canon, they can also provide some further insight into a character (when written well). If you’re working with a deity from supplemental material, I wish you luck, because this is going to be more irritating.
2: Fandom wikis.
If you don’t have access to the canon/supplemental material, fandom wikis are a good backup. They are sources of knowledge that are absolutely dedicated to a piece of media and can help you learn more about a specific pop culture deity without making you play through a series of 60+ hour games or spending a small fortune on books if you don’t have a library or your library doesn’t have the series.
3: See if anyone else has covered the deity in a PCP context.
For more popular series such as the Elder Scrolls or the Legend of Zelda, their deities may already be worked with by other pop culture pagans online. Trying to find PCP spaces (Tumblr tags, Discord servers, etc) can help you learn others’ perspectives on the deity you’re trying to study for.
4: Check fandom writing blogs.
Headcanon and fandom writing blogs are a pop culture pagan’s best friend. These fine folks put endless hours, often for free, into some top notch stuff. Many take requests or commissions, and you can tip them for their help. Really, go befriend a writing blog right now.
5: Unverified Personal Gnosis (UPG) and personal headcanons.
I consider these two things to be the same but some other magic practitioners say that UPG comes from experience and headcanons are just “there”, so take whatever definition you’d like. They’re essentially the same in a PCP context because non-pop culture practitioners are going to treat everything you ever say as UPG and fandom blogs (because you will inevitably get those unless you make a point of saying “this is a religious post, fandom blogs do not interact”) will think they’re just weird headcanons written from an in-universe perspective. You really can’t win here.
Anyway, through personal experience and associations, you can learn more and more what a pop culture deity is associated with. This is an important step in the process of any form of deity relationships, not just with pop culture deities.
6: Just ask the deity.
At this point, you’ve decided that you want to work with this deity. You’ve done your deep-dive into canon. You’ve reached out and learned a few initial things. Now, you’re talking to the PCP deity in some manner, so any questions you have about them...you can just ask.
This ties back into number 5, in that whatever you find out with be UPG/a headcanon because you can’t point to something in canon.
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rongzhi · 1 year
Note
hey did you ever post a video of traditional ink production? im looking for one but I cant find it :( sorry tumblr search aint great
No, it's a post on @changan-moon's blog.
They post a lot more artistic stuff! Any posts like this on my blog will be tagged as crafts as well as the broader tag, arts
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randomvarious · 1 year
Audio
1990s Drum n Bass Playlist
Finally. FINALLY! A drum n bass playlist for Spotify. I’ve had one of these kickin’ around on YouTube for over a year now, but as I’ve been methodically combing through my collection, I was recently able to string enough songs together to constitute a Spotify playlist.
Drum n bass comes in many styles, many strains, and many moods, and while I don’t have a full representation of the 90s in this playlist (yet), I’ve still got an eclectic mix of great shit here to show you all within these ten tracks. Cold and dark malevolence from Quoit and The Ambush, jazzy bliss from James Hardway, a deep and chilly groove from Silverbeam, blues from Alexkid, a solitudinous and cinematic thinker from Krust, and a few tracks from some overlooked late 90s Toronto acts too. Plus, most of this stuff is pretty obscure; outside of Krust’s “Soul in Motion,” you probably won’t find any of these on your typical 90s dnb playlist 😊.
This playlist is ordered as chronologically as possible and links are provided below to songs that have been posted about previously in order to give them more context:
Quoit - “Stir” Dave Howard - “Spring 69″ Silverbeam - “Hallucinate” Krust - “Soul in Motion” Alexkid - “I Think” Ambush - “Detachment” Visionary - “Dangerous” Kinder Atom - “Cab Ride” Da Headbanga - “Innocent Hardstep Mix” James Hardway - “Sleep Tonight”
And this playlist is also on YouTube and YouTube Music too, with a whole lot more bonus tracks that aren’t on Spotify. It includes a handful of UK sci-fi beats from a compilation that’s not even on Discogs called Now What Kind of Music Do You Call That? as well as a couple stark-raving mad slices from Japan’s Baraki and Himuro. Plus a lot more other obscurities:
T Power - “Amber (Shy FX extended version)” Elementz of Noize - “Flexiwidatek” Silverbeam - “Weightless (Red Beamer mix)” Atomic Beats - “...And Beats Vol. 3″ PCM - “Varney” Trinity - “Lost Cities” Krust - “Maintain (Dave Angel mix)” James Hardway - “Back East” Baraki - “Wa To Yoni” Himuro - “9pm” Ready Made - “L'Ankou (F100 Mix)” W - “Dukes Up (DJ Abstract's One A.M. mix)” Where’s the Beach - “Universe” Timeshard - “Forget” King Canary - “Ambideadly” Cosmic Voyage - “Acid Radio” Force of Angels - “Linga”
But wait, we’re not done yet. I’m also segmenting these playlists down into smaller ones, so I’ve now got drum n bass playlists for 1997 and 1998 too, if you’re interested in that.
1997 Drum n Bass: YouTube / YouTube Music 1998 Durm n Bass: YouTube / YouTube Music
Enjoy!
More to come, eventually. Stay tuned!
Like what you hear? Follow me on Spotify and YouTube for more cool playlists and uploads!
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mysynthfetish · 2 years
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Revisiting another old pal
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Wow, wonky crooked photo. Anyway. I bought a Modwave back in spring, and that thing sounds mad, very nice, easily into Microwave II XT territory and beyond thanks to PCM waveforms being included. It also has all the waveforms from the DW-6000 and DW-8000 in four tables, but I haven't messed with them yet because it seems that there is no way in any menu anywhere to click a button and get an initialized patch on the Modwave. Well at least I can't find a way. Anyone out there know? Tell me! But because it has those wavetables, I remember liking a handful of presets from the 6000 and was like hmmmmm maybe I can recreate them, but I'll need a 6000 to use as a model. Should be easy to find one, they're always on the auction, and never more than like $150. Ha! Waited AGES for one to finally get listed, and ended up paying ¥20,000 (like $135 with the exchange rate being what it is now, but to me it's more like $200). But yeah I got one. First thing to do....
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Replace all the tact switches! Easy enough job. Finished in half an hour. Had the parts in a box already. Works perfectly now. Had a few iffy buttons before. The chorus has an odd noise though, like when the LFO is at its peak there's an extra whoosh of white noise in there so the MN3209 probably needs to be replaced, so I bought one off the auction as a guy had one listed. Pretty coincidental. Anyway. This synth had the most dust and extra surprises inside of any second hand synth that I've ever had. When I got it, I set it on its side and heard something inside going kablonk bump thonk boomp thud. Whaaaaat? Flipped it other way up, same series of suspect sounds. Opened it up to find a TON of dust everywhere, and these:
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Left to right, post office eraser (another one of these was stuck under the power supply PCB), Black half-size marker, spaceship toy. I was like how the fuck did these get in here?!?! But then I saw that there is a big gap between the ends of the keys and the bottom panel there so yeah ok, some kid crammed his toys in there when dad wasn't looking, I guess. Madness! I also did this:
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Recapped the power supply PCB. I had to lay down the large value caps as they were a different form factor from the originals, but they don't sit on parts that get hot, and they're out of the way, so whatever. Works fine. I wanna test the three large value caps on the left there to see how out of value they are, if at all. Can't find my multimeter that measures capacitance though. Where the hell did I put that thing? Hmmm.
And the failing Ruzzian invasion of Ukraine is in its hundred something day now. I won't be surprised if this little special military operation ends up being a special end of Ruzzia as we know it operation. Putler fucked up big time. The Ukrainians are never going to give up. And with the increased western assistance and advanced weapons systems they're getting? Sheeeeit. I say give them the long range HIMARS missiles and let the striking of targets within Ruzzia begin! See how they like their sunny little afternoons interrupted by the unscheduled arrival of high explosives. I learned that in Ukraine, they're referring to the occupants as svinakobacha, which is like schweinhund in German: pig-dog. Good on them. Pig-dogs fuck off! Kinda feel sorry for the people in Ruzzia, but not really. Let them suffer for the actions of their dickface dictator. And now do you wanna know how I really feel? Hahahahaha. Sucks because I love old soviet era synth stuff.... Oh well. Slava Ukraini!
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Hey, your blogs great! Thought you should hear that even though you already know. I ALSO thought you should hear this… I’m a vet and get my medical care through the VA. At every appointment they ask me if I’ve had the vaccine, to which I always say no. It’s a standard question, they just have to check it off every time. Last week I went in for an appointment and when I said “no,” they asked me next if I’d had the pneumonia vaccine, then scheduled me to have my pcm talk to me about it when I said I hadn’t heard about it. I looked it up online, there was a new one put out in 2021 and it’s for people over 65. I’m in my 30’s and I don’t get sick often or anything. Not saying it’s connected, but it’s a weird coincidence since they’ve seriously never mentioned it before. Tumblr has already censored my blog, deleting my replies and comments from posts. I don’t post NSFW stuff, just posts about the vax and govt. But I wanted to let someone know about the new push for the pneumonia vax since it was just odd to me.
So I haven't read anything but the official lines on the new pneumonia vax, so I have no idea if this is a legitimate vaccine or another "vaccine" like the Covid jab. I don't ever want to jump on the "all vaccines are bad and cause autism" train, but I don't blame you for being skeptical about new jabs after the last two years. It's something to keep an eye on though.
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Tw:rant , long post,swear ,caps
Ok so maybe nobody relates to this but I'll say it anyway.
There's this teacher in my school who was my Class teacher last yr. She trusts me too much? And asks me to do all her stuff for her..like i legit did some report card work too. She never asks me if i want to do it ..she just says...tumse kya poochna..tum to kar hai dogi..meri beti jaisi ho..i need the best from u.
A little insight into me: I AM DUCKING SOCIALLY ANXIOUS OK. I DONT LIKE SPEAKING OR ANYTHING. but she puts me up for any damn activity ..like ye anchoring hai ye kar lo....meri fati hui hai..do u get it ?!
(now u might think that she doesnt know this or she does this out of love, but I have refused her a million times before making silly and pathetic excuses)
Also..she considers me her BLOODY THERAPIST LIKE SHE TELLS ME MERI MAA KO ALZHEIMER'S HAI AND ALL THAT SHIT
I am a kind person overall, i oblige and I never learnt to refuse. But now with the boards situation and everything going haywire i cant take this.(she also named me secratary of her club without my permission and i CANNOT do anything with me taking PCM which i dont really understand)
Its ok if u dont reply i just needed to vent
AaaaaaaAAAAAAHHHHHAHHAHAHHahhahahahahAHAHAHAHHAH
better.
Ok I feel you and I know how hard it is to refuse teachers but if it's getting in the way of your studies, tell her directly that this is interfering with my studies. A good teacher will understand and they shouldn't force you to do something if you dont want to anyway. Stay firm if she tries to convince you and say no. You're not hurting her, she should understand. If that doesn't work, ask your mom or dad to say something maybe. I hope things get better soon
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latin-dr-robotnik · 3 years
Video
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The Friday Sonic Music post: Next Level edition 
Every year I come back to Sonic 1 The Next level and can’t help but (still) be impressed by the sheer quality that 2015 hack managed to squeeze out of the Genesis. Smooth animations, incredible backgrounds, that insane boss fight...
And, of course, the music.
Straight from PCM audio, the sheer wizardry required to pull the processing required for this sample playback to sound so incredible still makes it a showpiece for the amazing things this little console can pull. Of course, being a short hack may help a lot whereas other cases of PCM playback (like the sampling in Sonic 3 Mini Boss) were heavily limited due to sharing cartridge space with a whole game, not just music, and had to be crushed beyond hard. Of course, us Genesis fans are used to a rougher type of sound overall, but that doesn’t mean we wouldn’t want to see the console and the audio chip being pushed to their absolute breaking point!
This is the type of magic I love so much about the console, and Sonic 1 The Next Level still delivers. And not just in the sampling and processing deparment, but also in the sheer quality of the rest of the music present in the hack and its use of the SMPS sound driver. Like, take a listen, this is sounding right from real hardware:
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Streets of Rage 2 is the master of using the YM2612 as a powerhouse for techno and dance music (or late 80′s acid house, I guess), but this stuff? Hoo boy!
Anyway, that is today’s topic for the Sonic Music post, tracks that pushed the limits of Sonic music to the next level, beyond what our lovely beeps and boops originally did. That also includes MarkeyJester’s other attempts at revitalizing the Sonic 3 Mini Boss theme, or that impressive Stardust Speedway Past port from the SEGA CD Ricoh soundchip to the YM2612.
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dheir-slytherin-blr · 3 years
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What it feels, as a doctor, to be on the wrong side of Covid testing!!!
While I have had my fair share of examining and treating patients who were unfortunate enough to have acquired the Corona Virus infection, it still did not prepare me adequately for when I too acquired the same.
Since the advent of the novel Corona Virus infection, popularly known as the Covid 19 infection it was clear that one or the other day I too shall be infected with it. However, like most people, I too thought that it shall happen at a later date and not today or tomorrow or on some near future date.
Though that didn’t prevent me from taking all due precautions.
This post is meant to highlight two things.
1. Despite all precautions, you may be infected with it - it doesn’t mean you should stop taking precautions but rather be even more stringent in following them.
2. Even a mild infection is quite debilitating. So DON’T take Covid 19 lightly and keep working on your immunity.
Once the first lockdown ended in the second week of April, I started attending the clinic. Most of the businesses were locked down but obviously the diseases (Hypertension, Diabetes, other communicable diseases etc) couldn’t care less about it and people still fell ill and did need medical attention. So, I started attending OPDs.
Not much was known about the symptoms or treatment strategy against Covid at that time, but even at that early stage it was known that stringent use of face masks, social distancing, frequent hand wash and sanitization of stuff that was touched by people was the protection against acquiring the dreaded disease. Thanks to the media blitz and horrible images of victims from especially Italy and China, at least in the early days, people were scared enough to stay indoors unless they had an emergency and when they did venture out, they were quite receptive to following the social distancing norms.
It was the general (mistaken) perception that in a short while, after lockdowns and other measures, the infection would go away and life would be back to normal.
Sadly, that has not (yet) happened and it does seem unlikely to happen at least in the forseeable future.
Starting from March till early November, the measures that I stringently followed were:
1. Did not venture out unless an emergency or going to the clinics.
2. Only personally examined such patients where it was absolutely necessary to have a face to face consultation. The rest were treated by online consultations.
3. Strict sanitization and social distancing measures were followed. Only the patient was allowed inside the consultation chamber. No friends or relatives allowed inside.
4. NO visits and did not allow any patient to visit at home, come what may.
I can say with all honesty that I kept up these measures throughout the eight months despite any provocatons or temptations to the contrary.
Apart from all these precautions, I also diligently clocked an average walking of 11000 steps daily and stuck to a healthy diet.
IN this duration, I ended up in quarantine myself for 3 times but didn’t get infected.
So, when in early November, I started feeling fatigued, had bodyache and mild fever, it didn;t strike me that I might be having Covid 19.
However, sticking to protocol, as soon as I had fever, I isolated myself and stopped going outside my room. I thought it must be fatigue or perhaps a mild Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and that it would go away after a day or two of gargling and mild antibiotics.
However, the infection didn’t go away. The fever persisted, fatigue and bodyache worsened and eyes started burning to an extent where I could not keep my eyes open and wasn’t even able to tolerate light. I started staying in a darkened room without light, discarded screen use of any sort and - got myself tested for Covid 19.
Judging by my symptoms, I wasn’t surprised when the report turned out positive.
By the time the report came back, I also had sore throat, mild coughing and difficulty in breathing. The fever was still there. The minute 8 hours of PCM ended, it would return.
Judging by the reports; the CT value, the CRP and other parameters, my infection was termed mild to moderate and I was advised home isolation (which I was already following).
However, despite it being “mild” it was a strain to breathe. If I attempted even a slight deep breath, it would hurt, I would have to stop my breath and release it slowly. Despite my oxygen satuation being normal (97%) and staying normal, I found that breathing was difficult.
For the first time, in eight months, I was seeing the disease from a patient’s perspective, and believe me folks, the disease is NOT OVERHYPED. If a mild infection could trouble me so much in form of - difficulty in breathing, not able to keep eyes open, extreme fatigue and bodyache; I could only imagine the condition of the patients who had low oxygen saturation and whose lungs had clogged up not allowing them to breathe so much that they died of it.
Thanks to all the immunity building measures of exercise, healthy food and also social distancing measures that I had put in place - I recovered faster, didn’t pass on the infection to family, colleagues or friends.
I’m still in isolation and shall remain so for a further 10 days but that’s a very small price to pay for the gift of life and the gift of not having infected any close family or friends.
I can reiterate, now with experience - 
1. DON’T TAKE COVID 19 LIGHTLY.
2. IT HAS NOT GONE AWAY AND IN FACT SHALL RETURN DOUBLY IN THE WINTER MONTHS.
3. DON’T LOWER YOUR DEFENCES BY GOING OUT IN CROWDS OR DISCARDING MASKS OR SOCIAL DISTANCING. STAY INDOORS UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO GO OUT.
4. GET YOUR SELF TESTED AND ISOLATED AT SLIGHTEST SIGN OF APPEARANCE OF SYMPTOMS LIKE FEVER, COUGH, BREATHLESSNESS.
I have not attempted to describe my moment to moment or day to day experience with Covid 19. The purpose of this post was to create awareness as to how much important it is to strictly follow the measures to avoid infection and how this infection is so debilitating that one needs to have empathy with the sufferers and also those vulnerable to catch it.
#Covid19 #SocialDistancing #StayHomeStaySafe
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Wav Or Aiff For Mac
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AIFF is a great audio format, mainly used in Apple Macintosh. It was also developed by Apple in 1998. Pulse code modulation is used in these files. This high-quality format uses uncompressed data. Only an AIFF Player can decode and play these audio files. If you want to listen to AIFF files on your device, you must download a good player. Given below are some of the best available AIFF player choices for you.
Wav Or Aiff For Mac Download
Wav Or Aiff Format
Convert Aiff To Mp3
Wav Or Aiff For Mac Os
Aiff C
Wav Or Aiff
Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices. The format was developed by Apple Inc. In 1988 based on Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format (IFF, widely used on Amiga systems) and is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems. The audio data in most AIFF files is. Aiff to wav converter mac free download - Free AIFF to WAV Converter, Free WAV to AIFF Converter, AIFF To WAV Converter Software, and many more programs. Choose WAV output format at the main window Format list. Set sample rate and bit depth in the main window. When input file is 24 bit reduced to 16 bit, set Dithering on (check ON and OFF and use, that sound better for you). Select target directory (watch video). Push Start button. Wait until end of conversion and look for converted stuff is placed in the target directory (selected in goal 6).
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Wav Or Aiff For Mac Download
Related:
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Vlc Player
VLC is probably the most popular media player in the world. It can play AIFF files with good control. VLC is compatible with almost all video, audio formats in the world. If you want to listen to an audio file created on Mac, you must download VLC media player software.
Free Aiff Player
Media player lite is a free AIFF video player designed mainly for Windows users. This software is compatible with Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 7. You can adjust the settings of resolution and bitrate. This AIFF player can also be used as a file converter, capable of doing batch conversions.
Foobar2000
If you are looking for a freeware AIFF player download, Foobar2000 is the best thing for you. It can replace your media player, and it acts as a DVD ripper tool. Foobar2000 allows users to convert audio files to any audio format you like. You can enjoy gapless playback of AIFF audio files.
Other AIFF Player Platforms
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If you are thinking about your unconventional operating system and its compatibility with AIFF players, it is time to stop worrying. There are hundreds of AIFF players available on the internet for every operating system. Take a look at some examples listed below, and download the best option for you.
AIFF Player for Android – Poweramp Music Player
This is the best AIFF player for android. It can help you to play Mac audio, video files using an android device. It is not possible to decode and play AIFF files, on an android phone. However, Powerapm helps you play AIFF audio with lyrics. Gapless, crossfade playback is an important feature of this software
AIFF Player for MAC – Audio Music Plan Player
If you are using Mac OS, you must download this software. It has an eye grabbing graphical interface. The menu is available in different languages including Chinese, Spanish, and Russian. You will need iOS 7 or anything after 7, to use Audio music plan player. You can easily customize the interface according to your idea.
AIFF Player for Windows – AIFF Player
You can purchase this amazing software from the official website of Microsoft, for just 2.99 dollars. This is the best way to play AIFF Mac audio files using your Windows OS. The playlists are easily customizable. Different types of audio visualization graphics helps you to experience the music in a different way.
Most Popular AIFF Player – Media Monkey
Media Monkey is the most popular AIFF audio player today. You can easily manage thousands of songs using playlists. Let it be audio books, podcasts, AIFF audios, or MP3s – MediaMonkey will help you to enjoy a gapless playback. The software supports different audio formats as well as video files. You can also see Remix Player Software
What is AIFF Player?
AIFF player is a software program to manage AIFF files. If you are a MAC user, you will know the importance of such a software. People today have different gadgets. If you have a MAC computer at office and Windows at home, it will be difficult to transfer and read data between them. You can also see Music Beat Maker Software
Wav Or Aiff Format
MAC audios will not work on Windows without an AIFF player. There are many extra benefits for using these applications. You can convert audio files into any format you like. Some of them even allow batch conversion. Today, AIFF players can play audios and videos alike.
Read the above descriptions carefully before choosing a particular product. Always remember your exact requirement with such a software. If all you need to do is listen to AIFF files, you can seek an opensource AIFF player download website. If you want a comprehensive media player, it will be better to scrutinize all the features.
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Related Posts
Convert Aiff To Mp3
The Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) is the most well-liked lossless format, making it a good selection if you wish to store your music in lossless. While the primary goal of. an audio converter software is to transform audio from one format to a different, there are different features you need to look for to raised manipulate the audio. For instance, a program that may extract audio from video can save you time as you don’t have to use a separate program to do the same. Click on Convert to convert your AIFF file(s).
To convert songs currently in your iTunes library, open the software program and discover the Preferences menu from the iTunes dropdown on a Mac or Edit dropdown on a Windows laptop. Next, click on the Basic tab, then find the Import Settings within the lower part of the Preferences window. After that, click the dropdown subsequent to Import Utilizing, select the format and click on OK to save lots of that import format as the default setting. iTunes permits for batch changing, so the ultimate step is to select all the files you wish to convert, click on the File menu, then select Convert and click on on Create MP3 Version. If you happen to chose a unique output format, it shows that format moderately than MP3.
Audio recordsdata are available various totally different codecs. Some are lossy, comparable to AAC and MP3; they save area in comparison with the unique recordsdata, but a number of the authentic knowledge is lost throughout compression. Some codecs are lossless, resembling Apple Lossless, FLAC, and SHN; these files may be transformed again to their unique kind with out the lack of a single bit. Finally, some are uncompressed, akin to WAV and AIFF; they signify the exact information from a CD or a grasp.
Wav Or Aiff For Mac Os
A most of 18 surround channels, stereo down combine channel and bit stream indicators with non-PCM coded data can also be stored within the file format. RF64 can be utilized in the entire programme chain from capture to editing and play out and for short or long term archiving of multichannel information. He gave me his recording in aiff format for some reason. I pulled it into S1 with no problem and exported it as a stem in wav format so all recordsdata were in the identical folder. As soon as I sync the files collectively I begin to notice a drift because the recording progresses, it is noticeable after a minute or so.
Hamster Free Audio Converter is claimed to work with Home windows 7, Vista, XP, and 2000. • You can even email the converted file URL to others. I have tried removing theaiff extension on sound recordsdata and dragging them into storage band. It worked for a couple of files however it’s actually hit or miss. File any reside classes or unable to obtain music from any online websites.
The worst thing about FileZigZag is the time it takes to add the audio file and obtain the link in your e mail. Nevertheless, most audio recordsdata, even long music tracks, come in a reasonably small dimension, so it isn’t often an issue. Select which audio information you want to merge. These might be added out of your laptop or system, by means of Dropbox, from Google Drive, or from some other online supply that you just hyperlink. You possibly can add a number of files directly or select them one at a time.
Aiff C
Should you’re certain you have got a 16-bitWAV or AIFF file at a 44.1kHz sample fee, and it still will not import into the SPD-SX, then the file might have embedded metadata, or “tags,” that are causing the error. This could happen with recordsdata that come from DAWs (“Digital Audio Workstations”), other audio packages, or sample libraries. You possibly can strip this extra info from the file by changing it to Apple Lossless or FLAC format. After converting to Apple Lossless or FLAC, convert that file back to WAV or AIFF, sixteen-bit and forty four.1kHz.
I do not disagree at all – and I will expand upon this crucial topic quickly. Tagging is the KEY to a correct music system and wendiweathers98.hatenablog.com people get very touchy about it – and understandably so. For those of us that have invested tons of of hours curating and sprucing our metadata, we want that point and personal touch to be honored. I do suppose Roon does not respect that enough.
Wav Or Aiff
Initially, upload the FLAC file by clicking “Add Information” button in this system. Alternatively, you can even upload through the use of drag and drop possibility. The good WMA to M4A Converter can convert WMA to M4A, AAC, WAV, AIFF, FLAC, MP3, ALAC, and AC3. Edit audio file to cut off the unneeded half and reduct the file size. You can convert music or sound to WAV format with free online converter.
The Audio Interchange File Format (.aif oraiff) was developed as the standard audio format for the Macintosh platform, http://www.audio-transcoder.com/how-to-convert-aiff-files-to-wav but it is now supported by Home windows and other platforms. It can support as much as six channels and arbitrary sampling charges and bit depths, with 8 kHz and eleven.127 kHz at 8 and sixteen bits being the commonest online.
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jasper-pagan-witch · 2 years
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Energy Counters in MTG PCM
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[Image description: A screenshot of a comment from @asiaheartman asking "Yeah, I know that and I already did read a lot of your posts, but this does not answer the question I was asking. What I was asking is: when working with spells inspired by a card, and that card has an energy counter mechanic, do you just discard the effect, or do you do anything else with it? Both coloured energy (what is usually called mana in game) and energy counter mechanic now have the same name, how do you discern them?" End image description.]
Oh, the energy counters! Well, see, I don't work with translating cards that have energy counter effects. I haven't had to think much about it because of that. However, I'll take a meander down for ya. Sorry if this is a little incomprehensible, I have the mother of all headaches, and that impacts my ability to explain things clearly.
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Let's start with some backstory and information for those of y'all who have no idea what I'm talking about. Energy counters are a type of player counter that was introduced in the Kaladesh block. Typically, you get them when some things enter the battlefield (though gaining them when they attack is also possible), and you can use them for boosting creatures or creating tokens, among other things. There are only 70 cards in print (as of writing this post) that use these sorts of counters.
Since these counters go on the player, they can't be wiped out by murdering creatures, like what happens to +1/+1 counters, -1/-1 counters, or keyword counters. They can be saved up and used for cards that they didn't originate from.
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Since most of these energy counters come from a Creature (often used in my craft as the bases for servitors/thoughtforms) and the casting of these spells requires energy that doesn't always come back, I would change how I would approach this.
Instead of focusing on the creature part, I would simply gather the energy in some way (maybe from a Colorless source?) and save it to cast the energy counter part as its own separate spell.
Let's use Consulate Surveillance as an example. It's an Enchantment rather than a Creature, but it has a handy energy counter ability. If you pay two energy counters, you can prevent all damage that would be dealt to you from a specific source for a turn. Using this, you could use your gathered energy to handle protection from a particular problem, such as an anti-deer spell on your car ride to work or a ward against a spell you know is coming for you.
Some Creature-based energy counter abilities deal with buffing the Creature in question, which you could turn into a strength/power spell for yourself. Others buff your other Creatures, which could still apply to you or any other entities you work with for magic stuff.
Overall, energy counters are pretty damn lenient, I might have to start using them. I hope this helped give you some ideas!
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fornaxvoid · 5 years
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Fornax Void Update Spring 2019
Hey everyone,
In recent months I may have seemed kind of inactive, which led to a few requests about what I'm up to. I thought I might write a little update on what is going on:
For the most part I'm working on cleaning up my Album 'Cyberspace Database'. As I plan to release the Album on physical media this year (coupled with new videos), I want to refresh the mixes, and create consistent masters of all the tracks. This created the need to migrate my DAW to a computer with higher performance.
Making archival backups of all the data, migrating DAW to computer with more performance, upgrading Operating System, getting latest Cubase etc.
This took some time and the according purchases (HDDs, SSDs, Cubase License etc.) created Budget problems. I started doing more commissions and decided to sell all hardware synths except a handful of favorites - generally reducing clutter in my workspace, by selling stuff. This resulted in additional logistical, and administrational efforts: sampling all the synths, especially recording samples of important personal patches, creating online auctions, packing up things and hauling them to the post office etc. This process is not yet finished and will take up a couple more weeks. 
Basically, I'm cleaning up and refreshing things, to wrap up my work of the last few years in a well rounded way.
For fun, I created a list of the synths I sold or kept, with statements on why and mentions of a couple of tracks they were used on:
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Kept:
Roland JV-2080 – While I got to recap all the upgrade cards of this thing, the device is extremely convenient to program, full of sounds I love to create patches with and 8 * multi-timbral. Used on Borlando Loom, Cyberspace Database and many other tracks.
Akai S3000XL – One of the classic, defining samplers of the 90s. Easy to use, multi-timbral, 32-voice polyphony. Used on Void Gate Access Software and Void Gate Panorama Station.
Korg WaveStation A/D – Lots of waveforms, multi-timbral. The unorthodox sound engine and the menu design make it a bit of a headache to program. Despite the large display, accessing it's capabilities is time consuming. The menu has some graphic capabilities beyond text, but it is not as intuitive feeling as the menus of the JV-2080 or the S3000XL. Used on Cyborg Samurai Miyamoto, Soyokaze Suteshon 199X, Void Gate Panorama Station and other tracks.
Yamaha PSS-480 – My first synth, I got as a kid. Also one of my favorite FM synths. Programmable 2-OP FM with MIDI. Used on Void Gate Access Software, Void Gate Panorama Station and other tracks.
Reckless Experimentation Audio LLC YM3812 – Like an Adlib Soundcard in a box, but better. Great, programmable, multi-timbral FM synth module with MIDI, based on the legendary OPL2 chip. Used on: Topographic Multiplexer and other tracks.
Commodore 64 + MSSIAH Cartridge – great 3-part / 3-voice synth and wave player / sampler software for the C64. Used on Offshore Network Vertex, Void Gate Access Software, Hexadecimal Love Letters and other tracks.
Wayfar MIDI NES Cartridge – Interesting thing. Don't use it much, but doesn't take up much space. Used on: Void Gate Access Software
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Sold:
Roland D-05 – Generally liked this synths sound, but its inconvenient to program, filters don't work on PCM waveforms, lacks multi-timbrality and no proper outputs. Used on Super Aliasing and other tracks.
Roland TB-03 – Sounds pretty nice, easy to program, but lacks proper outputs. I used this as a harp-like instrument in the end of Void Gate Access Software.
Akai S1000 – Wonderful sounding sampler, but is 1U bigger, has less RAM, half the polyphony probably sells better than the than S3000XL. Used on Void Gate Access Software and Void Gate Panorama Station.
Oberheim Xpander – A really nice instrument, I spent lot of time with, but always made me feel uneasy owning. Expensive, old, analog synths always come with the risk that something breaks. Used on: Ancient Data Tapes, Oberheim Taxi Shagnhai Xpander, Server Room Love Letters,  Affinity, Infinity, Protorezoic Ocean, Hexadecimal Love Letters, Offshore Network Vertex, Cyborg Samurai Miyamoto, and many more tracks.
Korg M1R – A great sounding, multi-timbral classic, but while not too complicated, still inconvenient to program, because of it's small display. Also, the Plugin version of it, sounds really good, comes with a great sound library that is well-structured and is more convenient to program. Used on Offshore Network Vertex and a few other tracks but more of the M1 sounds on the album actually stem from the M1 Legacy Plugin.
Korg Volca Beats – Cool device, easy to use, but lacks proper outputs. Used on Offshore Network Vertex and Void Gate Access Software.
Korg Poly 800 II – One of my first hardware synths. Found this for cheap in a thrift-store almost a decade ago. Nice retro sounds. Not pleasant to program, chewy buttons, archaic digital menu. My album Tomes of Erebus was for big parts made on this one. Also used on Void gate Access Software and other tracks.
Casio CZ-5000 – Never really used much but the same, particular self-made patch on this synth (now thoroughly sampled). Used on Cyborg Samurai Miyamoto and a few other tracks.
Yamaha PSR-47 – Non-programmable Keyboard with lots of presets, some of them good. Has MIDI. Used on Screensaver Library. Used on Offshore Network Vertex and other tracks.
Yamaha PSR-60 – Not so fun, non-programmable FM based keyboard thing with MIDI. Used on Screensaver Library.
Yamaha Reface DX – Great sounding 4-OP FM synth, easy to program, proper MIDI and outputs, good keyboard, but that part of the menu is solved with touch controls always annoyed me. Used on Void Gate Access Software, Void Gate Panorama Station and other tracks.
Yamaha Reface CS – Interesting synth, proper outputs and MIDI, lots of sound capabilities, slightly too clean sounding. Sounded great when sampled through Akai S1000. Used on Hexadecimal Love Letters and some other tracks.
Yamaha DX21 – Nice 4-OP FM synth from the era of the DX7. In theory an easy synth, but the small, non-backlit display and the very archaic menu qualities make it annoying to program. Main synth on Wintermute and Personal System/2. Used on a few other tracks too.
Yamaha FB-01 – Interesting multi-timbral FM synth. Patches can not be programmed on-device and is ultimately too generic sounding to keep, compared to YM3812 or PSS-480. Used on Wintermute, Voidnet Online Service Provider and other tracks.
Yamaha TG33 – Interesting synth. Similar to the Roland D-05 / D-50 but FM / PCM based. Kinda headache inducing menus. When weighing up accessibility to sound-capabilities it lost out. Used on: Void Gate Access Software and a few other tracks.
Arturia Miniburte – Great monophonic analog synth. Nice for deep sounds. Used on many tracks. Didn't really fit into the concept of my next setup. Used on Offshore Network Vertex, Void Gate Access Software, Void Gate Panorama Station, Hexadecimal Love Letters and other tracks.
Waldorf Rocket – Interesting synth. Mostly used it for filtering external signals through it's analog filter. Used on: Illustrated History of Nature, Voidnet Online Service Provider, Void Gate Panorama Station and other tracks.
Roland U-110 – PCM sound module. Some nice sounds. Used on PCM Sound Module U-110 and some other tracks.
Conclusion: Most synths I'm keeping are digital, rack-mounted, multi-timbral, 90s devices or some kind of semi-unusual retro computing related thing, reducing the tools to a core-palette of things I really like, for future projects.
Well, that's it for now. An update on current Fornax Void activities. I hope there is some useful info in there for some of you. Will be back with more updates.
Best Regards, Fornax Void
2019-APRIL-22, 20:15, 1555956900
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heavyelectricity · 5 years
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I've got a couple of questions for ya, to get a dialogue going (feel free to answer as briefly or as in-depth as you'd like!): What is your personal favourite sound chip, and why? // What are your favourite video game scores, and why? // Who are your favourite game composers, and why? (there's a few more I can think of, but I'll save those for another ask).
Favourite sound chipI’m really partial to the Yamaha YM2610 used in the Neo Geo - advanced enough to have good PCM support, old enough to have lots of good FM usage too. I’ve got a lot of respect for the way musicians used the sample-based sound chips of consoles like the Saturn and PlayStation, but when used super well they may as well just be playing CD audio - and that’s not quite retro enough for my tastes.
Shouts also to the Texas Instruments SN76489 and the MOS Technology SID.
Favourite video game scores3,333,360 - perfect score in Pac-Man.
Oh.
Man, there’s a long list here. Let’s have a think. Lots of my choices are super obvious. Sonic games go here - I’d be here all day if I listed them all. No matter what’s going on in the rest of the game, the music is usually good. Likewise, lots of SNK fighting games. I’ll single out The King Of Fighters 98 and The Last Blade 2 as highlights. Obviously OutRun, obviously the Streets Of Rage games, obviously Danganronpa and Thunder Force III and Ridge Racer and Daytona and F-Zero. Maybe I should talk about the less obvious ones?
I really like the soundtrack to Midnight Resistance, particularly the Mega Drive version. It’s a perfect run-and-gun soundtrack (up there with the likes of Mercs and Metal Slug in my estimation), expertly converted.
The Bitmap Brothers games often had some good sound work. The Chaos Engine has a pretty great soundtrack and Speedball 2′s intro theme is a classic (I found a belter of a remix tonight, too).
Headhunter’s soundtrack goes for a super over the top Hollywood action feel, bringing in the London Session Orchestra, and nails it. Jack’s Theme is obviously a highlight, but my personal favourite track is the first boss theme, Greywolf. You’d never guess that it was a first boss theme, it sounds like the climax of the whole game! But it really puts over the importance of the encounter, and I like that.
There are so many great PlayStation games that some really great soundtracks get overlooked. Tobal No.1 is a good example (Disused Mine is a banger), as is Jumping Flash! (seriously, who does bagpipes well in video game music?). Incredible Crisis’ soundtrack is great too, done by Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra.
Detonator has a really chilled soundtrack that occasionally veers into sombre territory. I like it.
Favourite video game composersI’ll probably forget some here, and this post is already a long’un so let’s limit it to ten.
Yuzo Koshiro: The first video game composer I knew by name, and for good reason. Ys, Streets Of Rage, Actraiser, and he just keeps going and never lapses in quality.
Richard Jacques: For some people, this man will always be associated with Sonic R - and I like that soundtrack so that’s fine, but stuff like Headhunter and his OutRun remixes proves there’s more than just the cheesy pop going on.
Matt Furniss: Again, great work overlooked because of one thing. Like, check out Lemmings on the Master System - it’s not an easy piece of kit and he made the damned thing sing.
Takenobu Mitsuyoshi: One more time - most people know him as the Daytona vocals guy, and that’s fine but his other work is awesome. Ride The Tiger is the best Virtua Fighter track ever and the Shenmue theme proves his talent with diverse styles.
Masafumi Takada: It takes some talent to take a lovely sunny beach setting and turn it into something deeply unsettling through music alone, yet this guy does that in Flower, Sun, And Rain as well as Danganronpa 2.
Jun Senoue: He gets a lot of shit from certain parts of the Sonic fanbase and I don’t think that’s really fair - he’s contributed a lot in this series and others. I might just be biased because whenever I’ve interviewed him, he’s been super cool (it’s not often the interviewee asks questions back).
Hitoshi Sakimoto: Apart from being a wizard with the Mega Drive, this guy is behind the Valkyria Chronicles soundtracks, which I love. Another guy with real longevity in the business.
Hiroshi Kawaguchi: Look at what he’s worked on and, just, yeah.
Michiru Yamane: Because I don’t religiously play the Castlevania games, I don’t have a complete picture of her work, but everything she works on tends to have excellent music - most recently Monster Boy And The Cursed Kingdom.
Tim Wright: I could talk about his whole career, and it is impressive, but mostly I really really liked the Wipeout games. Their soundtracks are remembered primarily for the licensed music, but his contributions were just as important.
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neonswitchhouse · 2 years
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Gonna try to work on a post on “active vs static” stuff since I mentioned it a lot in my last big PCP/PCM post so heehoo
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44dagainagain · 3 years
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Supplementary materials for KWLUG LMMS Presentation
I gave a presentation at KWLUG this month about LMMS. Here’s a link to the KWLUG site which embeds the recording: https://kwlug.org/node/1250
This post includes supplementary materials.
First, here’s a link to download the slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r5367PwFZ5y1ZHrW4dJ9Xo-64-xhc22S/view?usp=sharing
Second, here’s an annotated project file for the song that I demonstrated called Lazy Days. This should work with LMMS 1.2.2. I’ve licensed it under CC-BY 4.0, so have fun with it: https://drive.google.com/file/d/17fka1JCFu2qTXbBhXLA8zQm_OibTPnU5/view?usp=sharing
Finally, what follows is the text of the script I was reading. It’s not a 1:1 transcription due to ad-libbing and general waffling but it’s pretty close. I refer to the slides a lot so you might want to keep those open in another tab. The scripted portion goes from the start of the presentation to the beginning of the demo...
The Script
Hey so, I’m Michael Hitchens. I’m a Software Developer by day but hobby musician by night. I sing, play the piano and (really, only recently) is when I’ve started to compose. Composition has been one of those areas that bounced off me for a while until, one day, it just clicked. (This was my quarantine hobby btw) So I’m hoping that, if you’re in the same predicament, then this talk can maybe help it click for you too.
Now, while this is a talk primarily about the program LMMS, I do need to cover some groundwork as well, just to get the most out of the program.
What is LMMS?
LMMS is a digital audio workstation (shortened D-A-W, or more commonly pronounced “daw” (like in “dawn”)). The jargon means that this program was designed to assist in making music, in much the same way that CAD programs assist in designing objects.
On the slides I’ve included a link to the docs because, even though they’re a bit out of date in places, they’re actually pretty well written. Most of my demo is based around them.
There’s also this sharing platform. Now, I haven’t used it but it does look cool. Although it also looks relatively unmaintained and, based on the GitHub issues that I’ve read, it might not be the pinnacle of secure database design. Just be warned.
Digital Audio Workstations
If LMMS is a DAW, then no really what is a DAW? DAWs are a lot like non-linear video editors. You can record and produce multiple bits of audio then mix and match and layer and rework and filter all to your heart’s content, and all without leaving the DAW.
The modern DAW is decades in the making. It’s the culmination of music industry tech and secrets. What if I told you that you could have all the power in this room-sized mixer in your laptop? And more? Oh year and this is just a mixer! DAWs are also a synthesizer, a sequencer, a, a rhythm machine, a recorder, an amp, a cabinet? It’s incredible
Now, the history of audio recording at large (which I’ve entirely left out of this presentation because 40 minutes tic toc) is important in-so-far as you realize that DAWs still crib the aesthetic and mimic the functionality of the analogue systems from days of yore. For example, let’s look at these illustrative LMMS screenshots. The mixer on the bottom-left uses sliders but the instrument volume control on the top-left uses knobs. Why? Well because that’s what they look like on a real mixing board. Why do the synthesizer interfaces on the right all use knobs? Because that’s what eurorack synthesizers look like. Understanding these traditions and embracing them can explain some headscratchers. (For the record, this is one of the reasons that DAWs in general bounced off me for a while)
Other modern DAWS include:
Cubase
GarageBand
Logic Pro
Ableton Live
FL Studio
Pro Tools
(my personal favourite) Reaper
There’s probably a bunch of others I’m missing but they’re all similar at this point. You pick one, you learn it, you use it ‘til you die. These are first-rate packages but they’re also inaccessible mainly due to their high price tags. These things cost up to a thousand dollars. (I’m fudging the numbers here a bit for effect, aside from the Apple products there’s a whole bunch of tiering and stuff they do. Like I got Reaper for $60) On top of that, they have an incredibly steep learning curve. That’s not to say LMMS is a cake walk in comparison, but it does get a hell of a lot more complicated.
(For the record, if I had a Mac, I would totally use GarageBand. It’s actually really really good. The interface is easy to understand and the preset synthesizers and drums sound amazing.)
LMMS is a lot like other DAWs but I’ve found that it has several glaring limitations:
There is no mic recording. There’s no way to hit a record button and record a mic directly into LMMS. Every mainstream DAW has this ability and its clearly missing here
You can import and play samples, but they’re hard to manipulate. They feel much more like discrete static objects rather than pools of PCM data that you can mix and match and blend with other samples. Again, every other mainstream DAW does this well
So that’s not to say LMMS isn’t good, you just have to realize what it’s good for:
Synthesized
MIDI-based
Judicious use of samples (e.g. drums)
(slightly) more intuitive interface
Drag ‘n drop, works out of the box
Music Notation and Music Theory
Two more topics before I get to LMMS.
As much as I want to go over the fine details of the harmonic stylings of 18th century dead white dudes, there’s too much to cover in a 40 minute presentation. I will cover a few fundamentals though because it will give us a convenient and widely used way to communicate about a rather abstract idea. But it is gonna be pretty technical and it’s gonna go pretty fast, so strap in.
The classical way of conveying music information is on a staff, shown here, but I’m not going to go into that too much because LMMS doesn’t directly use it. If you want something tailored to music notation, use MuseScore instead.
However, it uses a similar concept called the piano roll, the image on the right. These two images are equivalent.
Music (as it’s valued by our culture) is a collection of notes (labelled here) on two axes: time and pitch. (Think of it like a 2D graph.)
The Y axis consists of notes from a piano arranged from low (bassy, gravelly, earthy, etc) to high (harsh, shrill, piercing). Humans hear from around 20Hz to 20000hz. (The distance between each note is consistently a semitone, you can look this up later). You can describe these notes by their frequency (for example 440hz) but its more common to use note name (for example A4). (Also something to look up later, valid note names are ABCDEFG, then it repeats. It’s modular arithmetic!)
On the X dimension, notes are read over time from left to right. The basic unit of time is a beat, commonly delineated with vertical bars (which I’ve exaggerated in red here). How fast a “beat” is depends on the tempo. This is measured in beats per minute or BPM. 120 BPM is fairly common, which is nice because it neatly divides into 2 beats a second, or 500ms per beat. To stay on beat, musicians use a metronome. The metronome produces a tone each beat which the musician anticipates or reacts to when performing. The duration of the note can be a beat, a fraction of a beat, or multiple beats.
Beats can then be grouped into bars. How many beats per bar is determined by the time signature. Common time, or 4/4 puts 4 beats per bar. Bars can then be grouped into phrases, and phrases grouped into sections and sections can be grouped into songs.
Independent of bars, we can consider other groupings of notes. On the pitch dimension, notes that play simultaneously are called chords or harmony. This is a C major chord.
MIDI
Close to the heart of the modern DAWs is MIDI, the musical instrument digital interface. You’re probably already familiar with it, a lot of retro DOS games have a MIDI soundtrack. The interface describes note pitch and duration, then its up to an interpreter like your old SoundBlaster to figure out how to turn the D4 its being told to play into a signal that goes to your speakers. My musical keyboard (the Casio CTK-3000, don’t buy it) speaks MIDI out, which I can hook up as an input to my computer over USB and use my computer as a synthesizer. More importantly, I can record the notes for later use. For some (like me) this is a more intuitive interface for inputting musical ideas. However, DAWs do typically have a way to input notes using mouse+keyboard, using the piano roll interface.
We use MIDI because it’s compact and easy to manipulate in fine detail, unlike RAW audio from a microphone which is bulky and takes a lot of computation to do the most basic processing (though the tech is getting better just not widely accessible, see the product Melodyne).
I gloss over the spec details because the minutiae of the protocol framing and messaging are really not that important to us. All we really need to know is that it’s the format used to record my piano.
(At this point I switched to a live demo, for which I had no script.)
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