THE BEAUTIFUL FEAST OF THE VALLEY - an introduction:
text from "Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt" by Emily Teeter
[Great Temple of the God Amon-Ra at 'Ipet-Sut' (the Precinct of Amon-Ra at 'Uaset'-Thebes), detail of a scene related to the "Beautiful Feast of the Valley" and represented on the south interior wall (western half) of the Great Hypostyle Hall:
King Ramses II (followed by His Ka-spirit) holding a threefold arm-shaped censer and burning incense before the sacred barque of Amon-Ra carried by the Souls of Pe-Bouto (falcon-headed, at left), by the King Himself acting as High Priest of Amon-Ra (in the middle), and by the Souls of Nekhen-Ierakonpolis (wolf-headed, at right)]
"The 'Beautiful Feast of the Valley' is celebrated only in Thebes. Like Osiris' festivals, the Feast of the Valley is closely associated with funerary beliefs. (...)
The Feast of the Valley is observed once a year on the first day of the second month of summer in conjunction with the appearance of the New Moon. The first record of the Feast dates to Dynasty XI. The Festival was most popular in the New Kingdom, the Ramesside Period, and Dynasty XXV-XXVI, but there are references to the Festival as late as 117 BCE during the reign of King Ptolemy VIII. (...)
The focus of the Festival is the parade of cult statues portraying the Gods and deceased royalty.
The Festival begins on the east bank of the Nile at the 'Ipet-Sut' Temple of Amon-Ra where, after purification ceremonies, the cult statue of Amon is removed from its dark sanctuary, placed in its portable shrine, and loaded onto a ceremonial boat. Priests carry the God' statue from the Temple to the Nile, where it is placed aboard an elaborate barge called 'Userhat', 'Powerful of Prow', whose topsides are covered with gold and ornamented with scened of the King before the Gods. The procession, led by the King, is accompanied by throngs of priests who carry the great fans signifying the presence of the Deity and by huge crowds of people. The passage from East to West symbolizes the transition from Life to the Land of the Dead. In the divine procession Amon is joined by Mut, Khonsu, and statues of dead Kings and Queens. (...)
Graffiti note that priests watch for the procession from the heights of the West bank. (...) Once the flotilla is sighted, crowds of people who live on the West bank join the throng that had followed the procession from the East. Everyone is dressed in his or her finest white linen clothing, clutching flowers and food offerings as they greet the 'Divine Arrival' on the West bank.
According to scenes in Theban tombs, some of the statues were unloaded from the boats and dragged across the sand on sledges. This grand procession, trailed by entire families, set off from the Nile and travels by road and canal through the cultivated lands to the great western necropolis in order that Amon might visit the Temples of the deceased Kings.
The clearest explanation of the procession's function comes from an inscription on a stela from the Temple of King Amenhotep III. The inscription states that the Temple was considered to be a 'resting Palace of the Lord of the Gods at His Festival in the Valley in Amon's procession to the West to visit the Gods of the West when He will reward His Majesty with Life and Dominion'.
Other texts confirm that during the Festival, the God Amon 'rested' in the Temple of the current King, and that the Temple was a place of 'receiving Amon and extolling His beauty'. As a result of the Divine visit, the spirit of the King was revived and 'rewarded with Life and Dominion'. All the great Temples on the West bank, the "Temples of Millions of Years" of the Kings, shared the honor of receiving Amon when He traveled to the West. (...) The procession visited the memorial Temples of the ruling King and His predecessors. (...) The divine boats and the act of offering large floral bouquets to Them are hallmarks of the Festival. (...)
The souls of the dead had been summoned by the joyous noise of the procession and by Amon's presence. The deceased were represented by statues that could be removed from the tomb and placed among the living celebrants.
The union of the living and dead was both physical and also mystical and intellectual. The properties of smell, sound, and taste are capable of trascending the barrier between life and death to reach the deceased and bring him or her into the celebrations. These senses were further stimulated by copious amounts of beer and wine, which creates an ecstatic state and brought the living closer to the dead. The revelers called on Hathor, addressing Her as the 'Lady of Drunkenness'.
The families encouraged each other:
'For your Ka (the spirit)! Drink the intoxicating drink! Celebrate a beautiful day .... may your heart be refreshed in your house of eternity (the tomb)'.
The necropolis was filled with activity, noise, smells, and music. Fueled by alcohol and the excitement of the Festival, the living recited hymns to their ancestors' statues to encourage the spirits of the deceased to enliven them:
'Emerge from the earth! Behold Ra and follow Amon in His Beautiful Feast of the Valley!'
The spirits were encouraged to join the procession:
'May you be in the crew of the Royal boat and may you hear the clamor in the Temples in Western Thebes.
May you see Amon in the Beautiful Feast of the Valley and follow Him to the Temple Precincts'.
Bands of musicians circulated through the necropolis visiting individual tombs. Women shook beaded menat-necklaces and clanged their sistra, both instruments sacred to Hathor, while male musicians clapped and sang, creating an hypnotic rhythm that reverberated among the tombs.
Their refrains continued into the night, celebrating Amon's presence in the "Temple of Millions of Years" of Queen Hatshepsut:
'Praises are in Heaven, jubilation is in the Great House and celebrations are on Earth because Amon in His Userhat Boat is in the Temple of Millions of Years of Queen Hatshepsut!
His heart is joyful,
Heaven and Earth are happy'.
The odor of food filled the necropolis. The dead were presented with fragrant roasted birds and meat.
Sweet myrrh oil was poured on the meats, making the scents even more alluring. The chants continued:
'May your voice be true .... and may you enter the earth among the august spirits who are before Osiris.
May you eat the offerings and participate in the repast like the Gods of the NetherWorld.
May you be called into the presence of Osiris Onnophris like those who follow Horus, unhindered like one of them.
May your name endure'. (...)
Another source of sensory stimulation was the enormous, fragrant bouquet of flower, called an 'Ankh' (a pun on the word 'Ankh', 'Life'), that each family presented to its deceased ancestors. The flowers symbolize freshness, rejuvenation, and rebirth, as indicated by a text in the tomb of RekhmiRa (XVIII Dynasty):
'Take scented flowers which I have brought you from the best of the plants which are in the garden.
Behold! The servants carry produce, shoots and fragrant stems of all kinds that you may be satisfied .... and that your heart may partake of its tender growth, and that you may do whatever your spirit desires for ever and ever'.
All these rituals were enacted to produce an ecstatic union of the dead and the living, to bring the living into the realm of the dead and the dead back to the living.
The sanctity of the dead as a true transfigured spirit, the Akh, was proclaimed, and his or her eternal life associated with the undying cycle of the God Ra was affirmed.
This is summed up in a text in the tomb of the official PuimRa that implores the deceased to
'receive the ornaments of the Lady of Heaven, Hathor, Lady of Drunkenness ....
They open the path in Heaven for you.
They throw open the doors of the NetherWorld so that you may go forth, you appearing as a God, becoming a perfect spirit-soul (Akh) in Heaven and taking shape in the NetherWorld.
Your unrighteous acts are expelled by Ra, You are raised high by Osiris'.
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How to visit Luxor independently, in 2 days
That is commonly up to date, together with all the costs, that are the most recent from 2020. You probably have any extra info primarily based on worth enhance or any related tip, kindly let me know!
Established on the shore of the nice Nile river and surrounded by each mango plantations and desert, Luxor is a metropolis of half 1,000,000 inhabitants and in addition the world’s best open-air museum, containing some the biggest and most placing historical monuments ever constructed.
The historical past of Luxor (initially referred to as town of Thebes) dates again to three,200 B.C. However, town didn’t prosper till the two,134 B.C., through the 11th Dynasty, when Mentuhotep II introduced peace and stability to the area, and Thebes began to develop as a metropolis, turning into, through the 18th Dynasty, in 1,550 B.C., the spiritual and political capital of Historic Egypt.
Luxor has been dominated by a few of the most well-known and vital pharaohs and, immediately, most of their tombs, monuments and temples nonetheless stay, very well-preserved, together with the tomb of the world-famous Tutankhamun.
Luxor is a very powerful archaeological website in Egypt and, on this information, I’ll inform you all of the issues to do in Luxor and methods to arrange your go to in solely 2 days.
For extra details about Egypt, learn: A information for touring to Egypt (3-week itinerary + suggestions)
Until you go along with a tour group, visiting Luxor independently will be fairly overwhelming. The record of archaeological websites and issues to do in Luxor is so huge that visiting each single temple and tomb would take a number of days, and a great deal of cash as effectively!
Subsequently, until you will have on a regular basis on the earth (which most vacationers don’t), you must select and be fairly organized. Moreover, most websites are usually overrun by dozens of tour teams, which may make your go to barely disagreeable.
So, what do you have to go to and how are you going to keep away from the tour teams?
Properly, avoiding the tour teams is virtually not possible however, normally, they appear to comply with the identical itinerary so, after making some observations, I found out when it’s one of the best time to go to every website. On this article, I’m going to point out you methods to go to Luxor independently, in two days, and beat the crowds, primarily based on the greatest temples and one of the best time to go to them.
Keep in mind to have correct journey insurance coverage for Egypt. I like to recommend you learn: methods to discover the appropriate insurance coverage for touring and backpacking
Right here you will discover (Bounce to any content material you need):
Go to Luxor – Entrances Tickets 2018
The place to remain in Luxor
What to see in Luxor on Day 1 – Visiting the West Financial institution
Issues to do in Luxor on Day 2 – Visiting Karnak and Luxor temples
The avenue of the sphinx in Luxor temple – Issues to do in Luxor
Journey to Luxor – Entrance Tickets for 2020
Beneath, yow will discover probably the most up to date costs:
Costs for the websites positioned within the West Financial institution
Habu Temple: 60EGP
Ramesseum Temple: 60EGP
Temple of Seti I: 60EGP
Merenptah: 40EGP (museum closed)
Isis Temple: 80EGP
Noble’s Tombs
1. Sheikh Abd el-Qurna space (11 tombs) :
Nakht + Menna + Amenemopet: 60EGP
Rekhmire + Sennefer: 40EGP
Ramose + Userhat + Khaemhat: 80EGP
Khonsu + Userhat + Benia: 80EGP
2. Khokha space (Three tombs):
Neferrenpet + Nefersekheru + Djehutymes: 40EGP
3. Dra Abu el-Naga (Three tombs) :
Roy + Shuroy + Amenemope: 40EGP
4. Dair el-Medina space (Three tombs)
Sennedjem + Inherkau & temple: 80EGP
Pashedu: 40EGP
5. Qurnet Murrai space (Three tombs):
Imnhotep/Hwy + Imnement + Amunemheb: 40EGP
6. El-Asasif space (Four tombs) 60EGP:
Kheruef + Ankh_Hor + Mentuemhat: 60EGP
The place to purchase the tickets – Sometimes, for all of the above websites, you should purchase the tickets on the workplace positioned subsequent to the Nourh El Gourna Lodge. These are the precise coordinates: 25.722725, 32.604387.
Valley of the Kings
Basic entry ticket, together with Three tombs of your alternative: 240EGP for any Three tombs
Further tickets for:
Rameses fifth & Rameses sixth: 90EGP
Tutankhamun: 250EGP
Seti 1st: 1000EGP
Valley of the Queens
Basic entry ticket: 80EGP
Further ticket for:
Queen Nefertari: 1000EGP
The place to purchase the tickets – For this 2 websites, tickets are purchased on the website itself
Replace 2020! You’ll be able to moreover purchase a photograph ticket for 300EGP which can let you take photographs contained in the tombs. Earlier to this, it was not allowed to take footage until you bribed the guard. Nevertheless, many individuals do take photographs with out this allow.
Tutankhamun tomb work – Luxor journey
Costs for the websites positioned within the East Financial institution
Luxor Temple: 160EGP
Luxor Museum: 160EGP + 50EGP (Photograph)
Mummification museum: 80EGP
Karnak Temple: 200EGP
Karnak (open-air museum): 80EGP
Karnak – Mut temple: 80EGP
Opet temple: 80EGP
Tip: You probably have a scholar card and you’re lower than 30 years outdated, you’ll get a 50% in all of the points of interest
A sphinx from the avenue of the sphinx – Luxor Egypt factors of curiosity
The place to remain in Luxor?
Backpacker Hostel – Bob Marley Peace Luxor Hostel – That is, undoubtedly, probably the most well-known hostel on the town. With loads of backpackers, it provides 2 and Four bed-dorms, in addition to personal rooms. Glorious location, nice breakfast, good Wi-Fi and pleasant employees.
Click on right here to see the most recent costs
Price range Visitor Home – Luxor Visitor Home – Positioned on the shore of the Nile River, on the West Financial institution facet, however proper subsequent to the ferry station, this visitor home is without doubt one of the best-rated locations on the town, and it’s straightforward to grasp why. Glorious service, breakfast, tremendous clear rooms and all the things at a really inexpensive worth. This place is ideal for each {couples} and unbiased vacationers.
Click on right here to see the most recent costs
Mid-range Lodge – Amon Lodge – With a really lovely and beautiful backyard, Amon Lodge is one other nice alternative on the town for mid-range vacationers. A resort with an actual character, the employees is a few of the friendliest ever, very variety and informative. The meals can also be nice and the placement higher than ever. An ideal alternative for households and {couples} who’re visiting Luxor.
Click on right here to see the most recent costs
High-end – Hilton Resort and Spa – The Hilton is the top-rated top-end resort in Luxor. Positioned on the shore of the Nile with glorious views to the crusing boats, this luxurious resort is all the things you may count on from the world-wide well-known Center Japanese service.
Click on right here to see the most recent costs
Sphinx of Karnak – What to go to in Luxor
Issues to do in Luxor: 2-day itinerary
Luxor consists of three important archeological areas:
West Financial institution – Positioned on the west of the Nile, the West Financial institution comprises numerous tombs and temples unfold throughout the realm, together with the Valley of the Kings.
Karnak Temple – Located just a little bit outdoors of town, Karnak is the second largest historical spiritual website on the earth, after the Angkor Wat Temple in Cambodia.
Luxor Temple – This big temple advanced is located proper in the course of town.
Following my information, you may simply go to all of the three websites in solely two days. Enable one full day for the West Financial institution and one full day for each Karnak and Luxor temples.
What to see in Luxor on day 1: The West Financial institution
All proper. Initially, you want to remember that the West Financial institution consists of 14 archaeological websites, plus the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, unfold throughout an enormous space. Visiting them on foot isn’t actually an possibility, as a number of kilometers separate them. The one strategy to go to them is with a tour group (which sucks), by taxi (which is pricey) or by bicycle, which is the good possibility if you wish to do it independently. I rented a bicycle from my resort for under 30EGP a day ($1,80).
Keep in mind to test my information for touring to Egypt
The right way to get there?
In case you are staying on the East Financial institution (which is the place a lot of the lodges are), you should take a ferry throughout the Nile river. There are native boats that cross the river each 15 minutes and price solely 1EGP. The place do you’re taking the boat? Right here:
Crossing to the West Financial institution – What to see in Luxor
Which archaeological websites do you have to go to?
Like I mentioned, within the West Financial institution, there are 14 completely different archaeological websites plus the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. Visiting all of them would require a number of days, so you should select what you wish to go to.
Please word that every of those websites has a separate ticket. See earlier costs.
After speaking to 1 archaeologist and a few locals, these had been the websites I selected, primarily based on their significance, architectural magnificence and in addition the variety of guests they obtain (word that that is merely a private opinion):
Habu Temple – The mortuary temple of Ramses III, positioned inside Medinat Habu is, in keeping with many archaeologists, probably the most underrated websites within the West Financial institution. Why? As a result of regardless of its big dimensions and architectural and creative significance, many vacationers resolve to skip it.
A guard getting into into Habu temple – Luxor sightseeing
Seti temple – Regardless of being positioned in one of many greenest areas, subsequent to a palm grove, the Seti temple receives only a few guests. Seti I died earlier than the temple was completed, so his son Ramses II was the one who really accomplished it.
The Seti I temple, subsequent to the palm grove – Issues to see in Luxor
Tombs of the Nobles – The Tombs of the Nobles are an vital archaeological website composed of greater than 400 tombs. A few of them are open to the general public and, for the reason that Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens obtain all the main focus in terms of tombs, the Tombs of the Nobles don’t get the eye they deserve however, the reality is that their work and hieroglyphs are spectacular and really well-preserved. The tombs which might be open to the general public are divided into teams of three, every group requiring a separate ticket. I selected the Tombs of Nakht, Menna & Amenemopet. Why? As a result of I used to be informed that that they had very colourful work.
Work of the Tombs of the Nobels – Locations to go to in Luxor
The Valley of the Kings – Once you go to Luxor, this can be one of many highlights of your journey, because the Valley of the Kings is the place the best of the nice pharaohs that dominated within the New Kingdom relaxation in peace. There’s a whole of 63 spectacular tombs, every very completely different from one another. The doorway ticket means that you can go to three of them. Yeah, I do know. Once more, you should select. The tombs of Tutankhamun and Ramses VI have separate tickets. Which tombs do you have to go to? One archaeologist advisable me to go to: Nerenptah, Ramses IV and Tuthmosis III and, in fact, shopping for a separate ticket for Tutankhamun. The Valley of the Kings is, undoubtedly, among the best issues to do in Luxor.
The tomb of Ramses IV – Luxor websites
The Valley of the Kings – What to see in Luxor, Egypt
These are the places of the Four websites I like to recommend:
The right way to beat the tour teams?
Like I mentioned earlier than, avoiding the tour teams while you go to Luxor fully is virtually not possible however, for some motive, most of them begin with the Valley of the Kings. Because of this, it is best to depart the Valley of the Kings for final. It closes round 5 pm, so it is best to get there at 3:30 pm, when most individuals depart.
Subsequently, while you get up within the morning, go straight to the ticket workplace. No have to say that the sooner you go, the less folks you’ll discover. When you get your tickets, go to the Habu Temple first, earlier than the guests come. Once you end, journey to the Tombs of the Nobles afterwards, visiting the Seti Temple. Take a lunch break and, round Three pm, head to the Valley of the kings.
Necessary word: Because of the disaster, a lot of the eating places are closed so, I extremely suggest bringing your personal meals.
The Tombs of Nobles – Luxor locations to go to
Day 2: Karnak and Luxor temples
The second day is fairly simple, as you solely want to go to Luxor and Karnak temples.
The right way to beat the crowds?
Straightforward. For the reason that Temple of Luxor is located within the metropolis middle and in addition opens at evening, many tour teams and folks resolve to go to it through the night hours and the Karnak Temple through the morning hours. Subsequently, you simply have to do it the opposite means round. Get up as early as doable to go to the Luxor Temples and, after lunch, round Three pm, head to the Karnak Temple (3km).
Necessary: Opening hours differ per temple and season. A few of them open at 6am whereas different at 8am. I recommend you ask at your resort. Moreover,pPlease word that each temples obtain visits all day lengthy. As I mentioned, avoiding the crowds is not possible however, my recommended timings are undoubtedly the least busy ones.
Pharaoh statues in Karnak temple – Go to Luxor, Egypt
Luxor Temple
Primarily constructed through the New Kingdom by each Amenhotep III and Ramses II, the Temple of Luxor was constructed to worship Amun Ra, the best of the Gods, thought-about because the God of the Kings and the King of the Gods. The Avenue of the Sphinxes, which really related Luxor Temple with Karnak Temple is spectacular, in addition to the large statues of Ramses II. Along with the Valley of the Kings, for me, this was among the many greatest locations to go to in Luxor.
Between the Luxor and the Karnak Temples, in case you have time, you may also go to the Luxor museum.
The statue of Ramses II in Luxor temple – Journey to Luxor, Egypt
Karnak Temple
Karnak was a very powerful spiritual advanced in Historic Egypt and immediately, that is the second largest historical spiritual website on the earth, after the Angkor Wat Temple in Cambodia. On this big advanced, all the things is constructed at a supergiant scale. From its big adorned pillars to the obelisks, statues and kiosk, the Karnak Temple will certainly depart you breathless. In keeping with one native, it took round 2,000 years to complete it fully. Are you able to think about?
Karnak temple Pillars – Locations in Luxor
Learn extra about Egypt:
A information for touring to Egypt
eight off the crushed observe locations in Egypt
Nile River Felucca Journey in Egypt
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