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jockrightsnow · 4 years

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omg I would love to hear you talk more about your tags on that last post—how you research syntax/speech patterns for non-native English speakers’ dialogue. this is something I struggle with a lot in writing fic (esp writing Russian players!) and I’d love some advice on how to get better at it.

god this got long! i just care about this! i will put under a cut for the 99% who will be like u little pedantic bitch.

so my answer is probably not AS helpful for Russian players because i have not written at any length with Russian characters and their language is SO different, so i find it is trickier! but the process is likely the same. i am not an expert at this by any means (only know/have taught spanish <--> english), but i do think it gives you more believable voices and also tends to help you understand the perspective. some people are better at english than others! some are less good! some have been in english classes for a while, some haven’t! there’s variation! you don’t have to do this to write well, but i think about it.

some things i think about:

1. sentence structure/syntax--more than vocabulary, sentence structure is the thing that gives most english language learners trouble and tends to give them away. in order to figure out common mistakes along these lines, it is helpful to look up how sentences are typically structured in someone’s native language. very often, people learning english will rely on those structures. this is actually why swedish is very easy to learn for english speakers--the sentence structure is most often subj, verb, object. but there are tricks: in complex declarative sentences, the verb will always be second, even if there is an adverb or object in the first position instead of the subject, in sentences with subordinate clauses, the independent clause inverts verb and subject. stuff like that does tend to give a sentence a different feel, and it absolutely very commonly almost-always sticks with someone. it’s foundational to how people construct their thoughts, it can be hard to change.

2. pronunciation--i don’t love to see heavy dialect written phonetically and i think many people don’t, but there are ways to consider it and certain ways to write it well. certain languages have different stresses or tone ranges or pitches, which can give off a certain Vibe if you’re used to english, which is on the more expressive end of the scale in tone and pitch (obviously i don’t think that’s better, but it is different and it does affect how people hear a speaker’s voice). certain sounds straight-up do not exist in other languages, certain letters are always pronounced a different way. it leads to predictable mispronunciation. for this, resources like this are very interesting.

3. actual cultural language differences! this is in part about what turns of phrase are common, what’s the cultural (or often, can be regional) “cat who got the cream”-type idioms, what is colloquial that you don’t realize is colloquial, etc, but it can also be about how you talk about concepts on a larger scale.

the recent sidney crosby engaged fiasco is a good example of this--in russian, “girlfriend/boyfriend” has a very casual connotation, so for longer-term relationships, a russian person might say “fiancee” instead. there are certain languages where you talk about love using different words if a relationship is more casual. these are fun, i think, because i do think that kind of thing can be meaningful.

there was some book or study i read about how maybe the way we learn language impacts how we think. i think parts of it were debunked (eg not having a word for something like ‘crush’ doesn’t mean you don’t feel it, that’s silly), but parts of it are certainly true, right? like, if you have a different way of talking about spatial awareness or time, your ability to translate those concepts will be affected because your thoughts are often structured along those lines.

4. vocabulary--less important than you’d think, but still interesting to think about what words someone would have learned. i expect hockey players to know virtually every hockey-related word in english, and even in the KHL, there is some coaching done in english because plenty of non-russian players play there and never learn the language (it is very hard). pretty much everywhere, you’re going to know the english words for many hockey-related terms. but you might not know other complex words, because you might not ever have a reason to or a context where you would’ve learned it or been corrected on it.

i often have to examine or cross-examine spanish speakers, and you actually don’t want to correct every single thing they say--you only want to correct things which might lead to a misunderstanding, because you don’t want to seem pedantic to a judge or condescending to a witness.

this is also true in a lot of social settings. so i do see some things which tend to go uncorrected because they don’t lead to any wrongness. for example, videoS plural in Swedish is video klipp. it’s the same, it’s really the same. but i notice sometimes that plural S is dropped by Swedish speakers or a word like “klipp” that’s so similar in meaning and context to the english word will come it. there’s one video where petey says ‘eller’ instead of ‘or’--it’s close, it’s a word that doesn’t matter, you wouldn’t correct it, it’s normal, you get the point. there are plenty of words that are so similar they might just have a different inflection, or which are entirely the same in different languages. these will not get corrected in daily conversation for the most part.

but there are also false cognates which you DO need to correct (eg in spanish embarazada = pregnant, i do need to correct it every single time because it has a huge impact on proceedings if someone’s pregnant) and being aware of those is also helpful!

there are also some crutch words which differ from person to person (this is also true for native english speakers). when people use those and in what way can be important. there are certain things a specific person gets wrong only when nervous or not thinking or whatever (i personally find the “person realizes they’ve been speaking in a different language while having sex because it was so good” trope. exhausting, to say the least. but it is true that in higher-stress moments, someone might not have the capacity or desire to do internal translation, or might feel frustrated by it.)

i really do think all of this is Very interesting, and mostly my advice on doing it for languages you don’t know is:

1) be thoughtful about stuff, be believable. contrary to what it seems like from this whole dissertation, not every sentence needs to have errors in it, especially for people who are Growing/Learning/Actually Very Good at english. don’t be condescending about it. being at an intermediate stage in english learning might make someone choose a simpler sentence that’s still correct. it might lead to an actual relevant misunderstanding or tonal shift. it might not. it might enhance someone’s understanding of a situation! it’s not all about just fucking shit up--it’s a hard thing to learn another language. you gotta respect people who are doing it!

2) hear people talk, preferably the people in question if available but doesn’t have to be (for characters i care about less, i will often wholesale map a sentence and then copy the structure exactly. i did this for pasta because i didn’t care about actually figuring out so much about him emotionally--i just listened to his ep of sp*ttin ch*clets as i wrote and copied several sentence structures exactly with my own Content and then, as you may be able to tell, gave up on that venture to movie-montage the rest because i am Lazy.)

it’s interesting to hear someone talk both in their native language and in english--you get a feel for the tone and pitch differences, and also i love to see native language interviews because i tend to think they’re more reflective of someone’s actual thought processes when they’re not trying to come up with words or modifying their sentences to be simpler. petey’s swedish interviews, for ex, are far more reflective and eloquent and funny. but again, he is getting better very quickly, in part because swedish and english are more similar than they appear. progress is often slower for russians, because there’s a lot more ground between the two languages and a whole diff alphabet and also strong cultural affinity to where a good number of russians living in america almost exclusively hang out with other russians living in america. (see ex alex ovechkin, nikita zadorov--both have very russian-heavy social circles if Instant Gram is to be believed)

3) actually look up stuff like “common english mistakes for [x group]”--there are plenty of good language learning resources which will show you the mistakes people tend to make, the pronunciation errors, things like that. these are invaluable.

4) google translate stuff if you’re going to have a touching language-teaching moment. once read something where someone was contemplating how to say something, which they wouldn’t have done in reality, because how you say it was Exactly the same in the person’s native language. i also think it’s fun to read google-translated articles and see which things jump out at me as Weirdly translated, because those are often things which are going to be different! but that’s not gospel, it’s something you can look into. sometimes google translate is just bad.

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lunar-writings-love · 5 years

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College!AU - Seonghwa (ateez)

I’ll be doing a college!au series of every ateez member and I thought I’d start off with Seonghwa because ,, yes

Author’s note: it’s a bullet fic

warnings: SUPER SOFT HOURS and also cussing i guess?

~~~~~~

Seonghwa:

okay so ,, seonghwa i love him but that’s beside the point

seonghwa’s majoring in biology

he’s a third year so he’ll be declaring his major soon and he’s thinking about narrowing his field of study a bit

he doesn’t know to what exactly yet (anything but molecular biology

he just ,, can’t with molecular biology that shit’s wack)

seonghwa’s also minoring in nutrition

which makes sense,,,

i mean the boy carries around those organic, all natural, fun-free snacks; expecting for the members to eat them, not understanding WHY they all run away screaming when he pulls out his kale chips with non-dairy cheese

he’s super into fitness and keeping his own body healthy, so he’s always trying new recipes, keeping watch of his calorie and sugar intake,

he tried the keto diet, but then realized it did virtually nothing for him so now he just chose to increase his protein intake and work out more in the hopes of developing muscle (he can’t have jongho bullying him forever)

he regularly works out too and doesn’t understand why there always seems to be so many people taking breaks at the water-fountains near the treadmills where he runs whenever he works out

at the university he shares his dorm room with hongjoong

they bicker a lot and since seonghwa is always cleaning and cooking for the other boys, he’s earned himself the nickname mom

he doesn’t like it, but oh well

anything for his babies

seonghwa is also involved in a lot of different activities: he’s part of the school’s hip-hop dance team, is the treasurer for the university’s speech and debate club, etc.

he always takes part in the annual dorm cook-off (he never wins because he doesn’t understand that college kids want greasy food, not his fucking zucchini noodles zoodles)

he also show’s up to every member’s event/recital/performance etc. and cheers louder than any other person for his boys

“YES THAT’S MY FRIEND DO YOU SEE HIM! GO JONGHO!”

jongho: oh my god, stop it mom

now, you were close friends with some of the other first years at the university

you and jongho were neighbors growing up and when you found out the two of you would be going to the same uni you were ecstatic!

so naturally, since jongho was your closest friend in college, he often invited you to hang out with his other friends

you had met seonghwa a couple of times before and found him to be absolutely drop-dead gorgeous

you may have even developed a small crush on him after he offered to walk you to your dorm one night after hanging out with the boys but oh well you would never dare to say that out loud

he was so nice, and strong, and hot, and nice, and funny, and kind, and nice, and you were ,,,, hopeless

but you figured an amazing and wonderful guy like him would never go for an awkward first year like you, so you just bottled those feelings up and shelved it

you were a linguistics major, focusing on social linguistics

you could rave for hours and hours about phonetics or the development of language

once the boys invited you and jongho over for late night snacks and after asking you about your major you went on a 13 minute spiel on the development of romantic languages and while the boys all started to ignore you after the first 2 minutes, seonghwa listened and thought it was cute

so yeah ,,, you were so, so smart

but when it came to anything science related , you were lost

STEM subjects were really not your forte

you barely scraped through calculus and chemistry throughout high school, but biology, holy shit where do you even begin on that

you couldn’t memorize cell functions or neuron transmitters to save your life and as your professor delved deeper and deeper into cellular biology, your grade sunk deeper and deeper

you were desperate

you pulled all-nighters at the library just to barely get passing grades on tests

you were getting seriously stressed and anxious, your mental health plummeting as the year progressed

jongho found you for the hundredth time at the university library at four in the morning attempting to memorize evolutionary pathways

he would never say it out loud because he’S a MaN, but he was worried about you and your mental health

he coaxed you back into your room, and instantly had an idea

whY NoT HavE SeoNgHwA tEacH YoU bIoloGy :O !!

when he told you a few hours later you screeched

no way

seonghwa must already think you’re weird, but stupid on top of that ??

no, sorry but not even you deserved that type of embarrassment

jongho ignored you though and the very next day you were in seonghwa’s dorm room sitting near his desk as he opened up your biology book

you wanted to die

if possible, you wanted the ground to swallow you up whole and spit you out again years later as a successful and well-known linguist

please lord this is unfair the love of your life seonghwa teaching you biology was not okay please send you back to your dorm please please

alas, life was never kind to you

“so what are you struggling with?”

“everything”

“oh”

seonghwa was so patient with you though

he meticulously went through the textbook and really made sure you understood the subjects before moving onto the next one

you don’t even know how, but he made learning about macromolecules sexy mmmm

you were finally beginning to understand biology

this arrangement had been going on for a few weeks now and your midterm for the class was soon approaching

you were scared shitless

yes, seonghwa was helping you, and yes, you were doing better on your tests and projects, but a midterm grade meant a lot and you could not afford to have to retake this class or have your final grade depend on the final test

you were s t r e s s e d

and seonghwa caught on pretty quickly

you had dark circles under your eyes

you lost some weight

you had breakdowns every day and seonghwa’s heart ached everytime he saw you like that

he promised you he’d help you get a B on your midterm

you didn’t think it’d be possible, but he swore on it and he was cute so you just went along with it

the last chapter that would be covered on the midterm was ,, you guessed it ,,, molecular biology :’))))

it’s not that seonghwa was bad at the subject, he actually found genomics super interesting

it’s just, it was way too much information to handle and trying to memorize all of that was a pain in the ass

but when you guys had your next study session, seonghwa brushed up on his dna forensics and sat you right down

he was going to make you understand

to be honest, as he explained chromosomes, gene therapy, and the likes to you ,,, you were lost as fuck

what in the shit was cell division

but you put up with it and paid close attention ,, your grade depended on you to understand this mess

you guys had two weeks until your test, and after one week of teaching you molecular biology, that left you and seonghwa a week for you to review

your review for the test took place at his dorm in case you had any questions and had to ask him anything

he’d go to the kitchen hall and make you some healthy snacks to get your brain juice flowing as you sat on his bed reviewing meiosis and dna replication

to be honest, over the past couple of months seonghwa had been teaching you biology, you guys grew super close

you were constantly over at his dorm

you two were always talking to each other

when you and the boys met up, instead of sitting next to jongho you gradually moved to sit next to seonghwa much to hongjoong and jongho’s disapproval

they missed their best friends :(((

but all the boys thought you two were super cute and watched from at the sidelines as your guys’ romance progressed

if possible, these months with seonghwa made you fall even more for him

it got way past of just being a crush, you were pretty sure you loved him

you even grew to enjoy his weird avocado brownies and zoodles, and if that isn’t true love then i don’t know what is

it finally got around to being the day before your test and you were a n x i o u s as fuck

even seonghwa was nervous for you ,, the week prior he had been talking hongjoong’s ear off about you and this damn test

hongjoong couldn’t handle it anymore for the love of God someone please get these two together just make-out or something he didn’t want to hear about you anymore

you were at your dorm studying polymers, when you heard a knock at your door

it was seonghwa gasp who would’ve known :)))

in his hand was take-out

“sorry i’m a fake health fanatic i eat hella junk food when i’m nervous so i brought us burgers and fries and milkshakes and let me inside your dorm i need to sit down this is so nerve wracking”

you couldn’t help but laugh as you moved out of the way to let him inside

“thanks seonghwa”

you two ate your burgers in silence before it got too awkward and you tried to make things better

“i’m studying polymers right now, it’s not as bad as i thought it would be”

“See!! i’m glad you’re understanding biology. it’s a really cool subject when you understand the mechanics behind it”

“i guess so”

he stayed at your dorm room a few more hours reviewing subjects with you

before you knew it, it was 10 at night and it was past seonghwa’s bed time (hA oLd man)

he told you to quickly take a shower and go to bed because you had to be well rested for your test tomorrow

you agreed

it was silent for a while, an unfamiliar awkward tension filled the air before seonghwa hugged you “byegoodlucktomorrowtextmewhenyou’redoneyou’lldogreatbye”

he then zoomed out your room

you were a blushing mess as you closed your dorm room and got your bathroom supplies ready

fuck you were in love with park seonghwa

the next morning, you took your midterm and were surprised that you actually knew what the fuck was going on

dna replication? check

evolutionary pathways? check

lipids and cell functions? check

oH mY gOD yOU UNDERSTOOD BIOLOGY !!1

you handed in your midterm and walked outside the lecture hall, you felt good about the test but you would only know your grade a week later

as you left the hall someone grabbed onto your shoulders

it was seonghwa

“WELL HOW DID IT GO?”

“I UNDERSTOOD EVERYTHING ON THE TEST, I MEAN I CAN’T GUARANTEE ANYTHING BUT AT LEAST I KNEW WHAT THE QUESTIONS WERE ASKING”

he hugged you super hard and you two excitedly talked about the midterm

he even took you out to ice cream to treat you

“shouldn’t I be treating you for helping me so much?”

“hush and just let it happen”

“okay mOm”

it was at times like these you really, really wanted to kiss him

but alas, he wasn’t yours to kiss

and it was also at times like these, seonghwa really, really wanted to kiss you

so the moral of the story is that both of you were idiots

a week later, it was time for the boys’ weekly friday night movie time and you were running a bit late

they were all gathered in hongjoong and seonghwa’s room since it was the biggest (ahh the perks of being upperclassmen) when suddenly you opened the door and hurled in, your eyes wide and crazed

“SEONGHWA I GOT AN A ON MY MIDTERM”

“WHAT OH MY GOD REALLY?!?”

he ran over to you and picked you up spinning you around as you both laughed in disbelief

you don’t know how you pulled that off you were a dumbass how did you get an A on your biology midterm??

then as soon as he put you down and you looked up at him, bam he kissed you

you were :OOO

jongho was :OOO

all the boys were :OOO

except for hongjoong who was like ;)))

and then as soon as y’all were done, seonghwa realized what he did

and in front of the Kids TOO

“oh shit i’m so sorry i don’t know why i did th-”

you cut him off with another kiss uwu

all the boys cheered and catcalled you guys

you guys were both blushing but you didn’t care because

1) you and park seonghwa kissed

2) you got an a on your biology midterm

you guys held hands and did cute shit as you sat down next to seonghwa to watched the horror movie jongho picked for this week

wooyoung was shitting his pants

as the movie played on tho, jongho slowly looked backwards towards seonghwa and said

“seonghwa i don’t care if you’re older than me if you break y/n’s heart i swear to Jesus i’ll castrate you”

and seonghwa believed him ashjgjasha have you seen that boy’s arms ??!

seonghwa assured jongho that he would never do that to you

things lightened up again and jongho smugly said you guys should treat him to dinner since he was the mastermind behind your love

you flipped him off

anyways, that’s the story of how you and seonghwa became the university’s cutest couple

the cute linguistics major and the hot biology major

you guys had cute food dates, and you even agreed to go to the gym with seonghwa

surprisingly, people stopped coming to the water fountain a few days after you started working out with him

you scared them off after telling them to stop ogling at your boyfriend HA

seonghwa also finally decided he wanted to major specifically in cellular biology

and you supported him all the way

you mans was going places, doing things, getting his deGrEE

then one night as you two were up as you ranted about the social impacts of language and the human conditioning of language to seonghwa he pulled you closer and kissed you because honestly he loved hearing you talk about linguistics but he couldn’t handle it anymore please it’s 3 in the morning

you cuddled into him

he was almost dozing off when suddenly you spoke up from the crook of his neck

“seonghwa?”

“hmm?”

“my biology final is in three weeks”

at that moment, he was alert and awake again

all he did was sigh as he kissed the top of your head

here you guys went again

~~~~

HOLY SHIT THIS WAS SO LONG AND IT TOOK ME FOREVER BUT I REALLY HOPE YOU GUYS ENJOYED THIS. LISTEN SOFT AND DOMESTIC COLLEGE STUDENT PARK SEONGHWA MAKES ME REALLY SOFT AND I JUST WANT YOU ALL TO KNOW THAT.

REQUESTS ARE OPEN SO FEEL FREE TO SEND IN YOUR REQUESTS!

i think the next member i’ll write about is Hongjoong so wait for that because it’ll be out soon!

thanks and love you guys!

- luna

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blaze8403 · 5 years

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Order of Merit (Ukraine) -

The Order of Merit (Ukrainian: Орден «За заслуги») (Distinguished service) first, second or third class, is the Ukrainian order of merit, given to individuals for outstanding achievements in economics, science, culture, military or political spheres of activity.

T=20=2 U=21=3 R=18=9 K=11=2 NOT B OR T E=5 Y=25=7 NOT G OR P—

LI LEE LEI OR RHEE - NAME LEE

AMEN OR AMAN ? - THEY DIDNT GET IT

PHONETIC LETTER WARTERKEY SIX ( ROMAN 9)

[email protected]

TWITTER TJ - TERRY JUNIOR BIRTHDAY MARCH 11 USS OR USA ?

CORRECT SELECTION THE GOD DELUSION - CHAPTER 7 - 3 MORE—XERXES ( SEX=GENDER ) XIEXIE ( I AND E VOWELS LETTER 9 & 5)OOP = 16= 7 OO7 / 2600 OR 1600 - 0016 (ACTIVE) JANIST OR JANISM ?

Terry Lee Kauffman Hawkins is feeling professional with professor Doctor Dai Gensui Terry Lee Kauffman Hawkins Terry Lee Hawkins Jr. · ALL PRO RAVENDOVE Terry Lee Kauffman Hawkins was RavenDove - yin yin / yang RavenDove - yin yin / yang - COLD NUMB AND (LOVIEY DOVIEY) CALCULATED SPELL IT D or L Dove or Love maybe L or D Lover or Dover pythagorean numerology ABC123 Kauffman-Hawkins-Hawk or Hopk -H__kins aw or op and Hopkins signed Booper or just Boop not Book BUT LOKI OR BOOPER SAN with Blaze Pascal. with Terry Lee Hawkins ( male ) Peros Dragonus Kami Aisuru ikigami shinigam HAWKINS HOKINSU/HOKINZU — feeling professional with Terry Lee Hawkins Jr.

Terry Lee Kauffman Hawkins Terry Lee Hawkins JR ( male ) Peros Dragonus Kami Aisuru ikigami shinigam

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in-a-narrow-land · 7 years

Text

Old Anitami, Part One: Orthography, Phonology, and Phonotactics

For once, I followed through. Let’s get started.

Actually, an initial note - I know that many of you are reading this through machine translation. That should be fine for the most part, but my examples are all written in modern Anitami, and often rely on particular constructions whose grammatical nuances won’t carry over. I want this to be accessible to as many people as possible, so I won’t categorically advise everyone to turn off the translator, but it if you can read even a little Anitami I strongly recommend giving it a try. If anyone wants to volunteer to translate this guide into another language, please let me know! I’d love to collaborate, especially if it’s a language I speak.

1. Orthography

I wasn’t sure about devoting a whole section to orthography, since it’s almost identical to modern Anitami, and the differences mostly have to do with phonetic shifts, which I’ll discuss below. Still, there are a couple of special characters to keep in mind.

First, the voiced dental fricative is represented by <ʋ>, or, more rarely, <ɹ̟>. Most browsers outside of Anitam and Tapa don’t support those characters, so I’ll transliterate them to th or dh (depending on context). Second, Old Anitam has a velar nasal (think the –ng in sing), which reduces to –n in the modern language. It’s represented by an <ŋ>, but I’m using the more commonly supported ñ. Finally, the Anitami vowels <ae>, <ai>, and <ei> are often diphthongs in other writing systems, but they’re their own letters in ours. Old Anitami doesn’t have that many true diphthongs, and these aren’t them.

This is also as good a place as any for a historical note: most of the surviving Old Anitami manuscripts we have were written by greens, and written down by yellows. (The second thing is more variable in older texts – ‘scribe’ wasn’t a separate occupation for a long time, and it was initially fairly unclear which caste it was going to be). Obviously, our understanding of the language is mainly limited to green and to an extent blue (courtly) dialects. There’s a lot of interesting research being done in vernacular reconstruction, but it hasn’t hit the grammar books yet.

More relevant to today’s topic, all the evidence we have suggests that greens and yellows, then as now, had different accents. This means that almost everything we have from the classic period was transcribed by someone who would have heard it differently from poet or author who wrote and recited it (early Anitami literature: basically inseparable from performance). Reconstructing pronunciation is a pain at the best of times, and our analysis of e.g. vowel sounds is still fairly speculative.

2. Phonology

A caveat: I don’t like phonology. I can mostly regurgitate what I know, but I’m less equipped to go into detail about this than I am about almost any other aspect of Old Anitami. If you have a question about how something’s pronounced in a specific word, just ask, I don’t want to get into all the edge cases.

And now that I’ve established that I don’t actually know what I’m talking about and nobody else does either, let’s move forward! Old Anitami has 14 consonants: c, f, h, k, l, m, n, ñ, p, s, t, th, w, and y. With a couple of exceptions (in addition to the above mentioned), these are all pronounced as in the modern language. <c> is, of course, identical to <k>, though there’s some evidence that waaaaay back when it was a velar fricative. <th> in old Anitami is always voiced, it only loses its voicing much later in word-final positions or through assimilation to voiceless consonants. Anitami-speakers will also notice the absence of <b> and <d>.

There are seven vowels: a, i, e, o, ei, ae, and ai. Old Anitami lost /u:/ at some point in its divergence from Proto-Anitami-Tapap and got it back from Tapap much later. <ei>, <ai>, and <ae> are always long by nature, the other vowels may be either short or long. The long vowels have all shifted a little. <ei> was initially pronounced as /ɛi/ (roughly ehh); it has since merged into <ai> (pronounced /aɪ/, rhymes with eye, then as now). <ae> in Old Anitami was prounced /æː/ (more like ahh), now /eɪ/ (ay).

The rules governing stresses and vowel shifts within words can get fairly complicated, and it’ll make more sense to bring them up as they become relevant, but a handful are relatively basic and consistent. Vowels in open syllables are necessarily long unless they’re between two consonants, vowels in closed syllables (that is, those ending in a consonant) are short unless they’re long by nature. <a> likes to be long, <i> and <e> don’t and generally won’t unless they’re word-final. Sometimes, long vowels are forced to reduce by phonetic circumstances; when this happens <ai> usually becomes <i> and <ae> becomes <a>.

Stress is lexical! It defaults to the penultimate syllable, unless that syllable is short, in which case it’ll will move to the final syllable, unless it’s also short, in which case the stress bounces back and the penultimate syllable lengthens (in poetry), or the stress stays on the antepenultimate syllable – of course, there are exceptions.

3. Phonotactics

Or, how syllables are made. (A note on phonotacic conventions: V stands for vowel, C stands for consonant). Old Anitami has a really restricted range of possible syllables: V, CV, VC, CVC, and, much more rarely CVCC. (There are like three cases of CCVC syllables in the entire language). VC is also pretty rare – syllables strongly prefer to have onsets (initial consonants), and VC syllables can’t ever be stressed. Codas (the consonant or consonants at the end of a syllable) are almost never stops or fricatives. The only exceptions to this rule are in CVCC syllables, where the first syllable of the coda must be a nasal or an approximant, and the final consonant must be a stop or a fricative. By far the most common case is a sibilant (<s> etc.) following a nasal (<n>, <m> etc.). There are no restrictions on which sorts of consonants can be onsets.

Syllable divisions generally obey the maximal onset principle – that is, consonants between vowels are assigned to the following vowel. Ki-san-ta-mi, not Kis-an-tami, Pa-sen-de, etc. All syllables must have a vowel. Sometimes two consecutive CVC syllables will give rise to consonant clusters that wouldn’t be permitted in a coda if broken up into a CVCC and a VC syllable. This is technically allowed but the language doesn’t like it, it’s common to insert a vowel in between them, and doing so sounds more natural.

And that’s enough to start learning words! Tune in next week for Noun Classes, Or: More Arbitrary Categories For People And Things, which we’re obviously all lacking in our daily lives.

Next: Noun Classes >>

#amenta #amenta rp #old anitami

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anonymous-scapegoat · 7 years

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14, 21, 28, 29, 41, 49, 51, 55, 58, 60, 66, 81, 86, 91

this got rly long ^^”

14. if you were to live with your best friend in an old flat in a big city, what would it look like?

i like this question a lot it makes me happy ^^ it’d be warm and a little messy, as many windows as we could get, lots of plants just all over the place i think, and books everywhere ^^” not pretty necessarily, but it’d feel like home - instruments and art supplies somewhere or everywhere or something in between, lotsa blankets, i feel like there wld be a lot of granola bars lol. i’m not sure what city it’d be in ! wherever we ended up ^_^

21. talk about your favorite bag, the one that’s been to hell and back with you and that you love to pieces

ngl i have a super rough track record with bags - they break or they get to be too small or what have u… but my first xc bag i’ve had for 4 yrs now and i love the thing - its falling apart and stained and fraying but it’s been through a lot so i understand ^^ its really big and perfect

28. sunrise or sunset?

sunset!! there’s more going on there i think ^_^

29. what’s something really cute that one of your friends does and is totally endearing?

ahhh this is fun i’m gonna talk for y e a r s anyway ur getting more than one friend - simona gets really excited abt things and i love the way she types, like when she texts its just very “!!!!” and i lov it, alex calls everyone “kiddo” which i think is such a neat lil thing, gabs calls people “nuggets” a lot which is !! and also the way they get so excited for other ppl is way *heart eyes*, isabelle used 2 carry around a blow-up alien in her car and ik she doesn’t anymore but she still owns it and i just always found that, i mean funny obvs, but also just?? a cute lil isabelle thing, kristen gets so !!!! abt hockey its so fun to watch i lov her, faith has this little dance move thing that she does w her fingers that idk how 2 describe but its so !!!!, and tori always says “ily” like phonetically which is a Her Thing that i’ve picked up on and i love, morgan has this tone of voice she uses when we’re doing Stuff We Shouldn’t Be and im p sure it’ll b the way my conscience sounds inside my head for the rest of forever, and the way kelly talks is my fav thing in the World like her intonation and her word choice and??? idk how 2 explain Why but i love it i love her, n lydia has So Many Quirks and her genuine excitement abt like,,,,, Everything, is just !!!, and gabby takes pictures of all of us and of everything like All the time and i Love, and ANYWAY this got SUPER LONG it is NOT MY FAULT that i’m a LITTLE BIT IN LOVE WITH ALL OF MY FRIENDS SORRY

41. what’s the last book you remember really, really loving?

right now i’m reading dragonwatch? and i’m just cryin there’s so much Nostalgia™ and i’m so excited i love

49. do you like buying CDs and records? what was the last one you bought?

i don’t buy CDs so much for a couple reasons, 1 being that i don’t rly have a reason to and 2 being that i do buy a lot of records!! and my player has a converter so i can make CDs out of whatever records i buy ^^ the last record i got was !! sometimes i sit and think and sometimes i just sit by courtney barnett ^_^

51. think of a person. what song do you associate with them?

gabby, “i wear glasses” by mating ritual and “without you” by oh wonder ^_^

55. what’s the most dramatic thing you’ve ever done to prove a point?

i wish i were a more dramatic person tbh, the only thing i can think of rn is that i wore hats like Nonstop after getting my hair cut short bc my mom told me i wouldn’t look good in hats if i cut it ^^”

58. who’s the wine mom and who’s the vodka aunt in your group of friends? why?

i don’t know why i would assign wine mom to morgan but i feel like i should, it’s just a //vibe// idk idk - and as far as vodka aunt, who knows man

60. do you like poetry? what are some of your faves?

love !!! most things by clementine von radics and rhiannon mcgavin, specifically “art class” by rhiannon mcgavin (it makes me cry i’m so), i like imagism a lot bc i like 2 be able 2 taste my poetry, almost anything by gabs and simona… words are so good!!!

66. what would your ideal flower crown look like?

this is so cute um… i love orchids a lot but idk if they?? ok i googled it there are flower crowns with orchids in them and they’re beautiful1!!!! those 100% ^_^ but w/e it is, smth mellow and minimal, i’m not abt anything super Busy

81. describe one of your friend’s eyes using the most abstract imagery you can think of

a deep breath in the middle of your favorite hiking trail, the dead of summer. humid, earthy, each breath cuts through the air like pine needles do, yknow? staring into the flat clear surface of the lake your family has fished in for years, sunnies darting out from under the rocks, grass prickling between your fingertips as you lean forward for a better look, knowing that if you dipped a finger in the water it would be warm, too. springy like the grass you find at the farms a couple miles out, springy like the way a fishing pole feels when you’ve got a bite, springy like bare feet in fresh mud the first time it’s been warm enough to take your shoes off all season. anywho !

86. do you like concept albums? which ones?

ngl i think the only concept album i’ve ever listened to has been crybaby by melanie martinez, which i liked and i own ^^ other than that?? idk? i mean gabs n i r writing a concept album so i feel obligated to like them lolol

91. where do you plan on traveling this year?

ireland and london on a school trip ^_^ and yknow anywhere else i get the opportunity 2 go !

tysm for asking!!!

#asked and answered #anonymouse #ask meme #friends

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