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alexlacquemanne · 2 years

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Mai MMXXII

Films

100 % bio (2020) de Fabien Onteniente avec Didier Bourdon, Catherine Jacob, Lolita Chammah, Nicolas Bridet et Olivier Barthélémy

César et Rosalie (1972) de Claude Sautet avec Romy Schneider, Yves Montand, Sami Frey, Umberto Orsini, Eva Maria Meineke, Bernard Le Coq et Isabelle Huppert

Bienvenue, mister Chance (Being There) (1979) de Hal Ashby avec, Peter Sellers, Shirley MacLaine, Melvyn Douglas et Jack Warden

Whiplash (2014) de Damien Chazelle avec Miles Teller, J. K. Simmons, Paul Reiser et Melissa Benoist

À bout de souffle (1960) de Jean-Luc Godard avec Jean-Paul Belmondo, Jean Seberg, Daniel Boulanger, Michel Fabre et Henri-Jacques Huet

Le Dernier Train pour Frisco (One More Train to Rob) de Andrew V. McLaglen avec George Peppard, Diana Muldaur, John Vernon, Steve Sandor et Richard Loo

A Star Is Born (2018) de Bradley Cooper avec Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga, Sam Elliott, Rafi Gavron et Andrew Dice Clay

125, rue Montmartre (1959) de Gilles Grangier avec Lino Ventura, Andréa Parisy, Robert Hirsch, Dora Doll et Jean Desailly

Batman: Year One (2011) de Sam Liu et Lauren Montgomery avec Adrien Antoine, Jean-Claude Sachot, Kelvine Dumour, Marc Alfos, Anne Rondeleux et Jacques Ciron

Élémentaire, mon cher… Lock Holmes (Without a Clue) (1988)de Thom Eberhardt avec Michael Caine, Ben Kingsley, Jeffrey Jones, Lysette Anthony et Paul Freeman

Le Sens de la fête (2017) de Éric Toledano et Olivier Nakache avec Jean-Pierre Bacri, Jean-Paul Rouve, Gilles Lellouche, Vincent Macaigne, Eye Haïdara, Suzanne Clément et Alban Ivanov

La Voleuse (Schornstein Nr. 4) (1966) de Jean Chapot avec Romy Schneider, Michel Piccoli, Hans Christian Blech, Sonia Schwarz et Mario Huth

Diplomatie (2014) de Volker Schlöndorff avec Niels Arestrup, André Dussollier, Burghart Klaußner, Robert Stadlober et Jean-Marc Roulot

Vincent, François, Paul… et les autres (1974) de Claude Sautet avec Yves Montand, Michel Piccoli, Serge Reggiani, Gérard Depardieu, Stéphane Audran, Marie Dubois, Umberto Orsini et Ludmila Mikaël

Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022) de Sam Raimi avec Benedict Cumberbatch, Elizabeth Olsen, Rachel McAdams, Benedict Wong et Xochitl Gomez

Séries

James May's Cars of the People Saison 2, 1

Le pouvoir de la vapeur - 4x4 - Transport et totalitarisme - Gravir l'échelle sociale - Microcars & Vans - Le boom d'après-guerre

Le Coffre à Catch

#70 : L'Anecdote d'Ichtou - #71 : Kane crée la surprizz et Kelly Kelly…. - #72 : "Voilà la Purge" - #73 : 1000kg de MONSTER MASH BATTLE ROYAL - #74 : WWE SmackDown débarque ! - #21 : Le Pauvre Big Show et ses Mésaventures à Echelle

Meurtres au paradis Saison 11

Addiction - Un meurtre sans cadavre - Dans le noir - Echec à la dame

Starsky et Hutch Saison 4

Vengeance - Noblesse désoblige - Quel métier ! - Cover girl - Un cas difficile - Un oiseau de malheur

James May: Oh Cook! Saison 1

Un Air D'Asie - Comme au Pub - Pasta Delisioza - Festin Italien - Desserts et Gourmandises - Petit Déjeuner des Champions - Roti de Famille

Le Visiteur du Futur Saison 2

Reboot : partie 1 - Reboot : partie 2 - Reboot : partie 3 - Le dommage collatéral - Le Destin - Le Maharaja - Rétrospection - Double Jeu - L'esprit d'équipe - Les Lombardi - La Crise - À la recherche du bon Raph - Le vrai Docteur Castafolte : partie 1 - Le vrai Docteur Castafolte : partie 2 - Un véritable héros

Kaamelott Livre III, IV, V

La Fête de l'hiver II - Le Tribut - L'espion - Stargate II - Raison d'argent - Le Vulgarisateur - Le Mangonneau - Sous les verrous II - Alone in the Dark - Le Justicier - L'insomniaque - La Chevalerie - La Veillée - L’Ultimatum - Le Oud II - La Répétition - Le Discours - Le Choix de Gauvain - Fluctuat nec mergitur - Le Face-à-face : 1re partie - Le Face-à-face : 2e partie - L’Entente cordiale - L’Approbation - Alone in the Dark II - La Blessure d’Yvain - Corpore sano II - L’Enchanteur - Les Bien Nommés - La Prisonnière - Les Paris III - Les Plaques de dissimulation - Le Vice de forme - Le Renoncement : 1re partie - Le Renoncement : 2e partie - L’Inspiration - Les Endettés - Double Dragon - Le Sauvetage - Le Désordre et la Nuit - Le Législateur - Les défis de merlin II - L' assemblée des rois : première partie - L'assemblée des rois : deuxième partie - Le Mauvais Augure - Le Culte Secret - Le baiser romain - Le médiateur - La dispute : première partie - La dispute : deuxième partie - Corvus Corone - La Roche et le Fer - Vae Soli ! - Le Dernier Jour

Top Gear Saison 22, 20, 11, 12, 17, 8, 18

Road Trip en Australie - A l'abordage ! - La fièvre du vintage - L'art de la chasse - Mission Camping-Car - La fiesta dans tous ses états - Happy Birthday Jaguar ! - Essais sur la côte d'azur - C6, le haut de gamme français à l'essai - La vallée de la mort - Tout doit disparaitre - Une Lamborghini à la mer ! - Défilé a Buckingham - Hommage à Saab - Made in China

Parlement Saison 1

J'ai jamais eu de rapports - L'invincible Armada - La politique et les saucisses - Le plus vieux métier du monde - Demos Kratos - Je suis Sharky - Wild West Wing - Le Pacte de Stabilité - Strasbourg, Outre-Rhin - C'était un jeune requin

Dix pour cent Saison 3

Jean - Monica - Gérard - Isabelle - Béatrice - ASK

Affaires sensibles

Tchernobyl, autopsie d'une catastrophe nucléaire - 68' aux Etats-Unis : "Non à la guerre au Viêt Nam !" - « Tcherno-Blaye » : une centrale les pieds dans l’eau - Vélo-labo : Tour de France 1998 - 1979, la centrale nucléaire de Three Mile Island aux Etats-Unis, un aperçu de l’enfer

Star Wars : Obi-Wan Kenobi

Part I

Commissaire Dupin

Sœurs ennemies

Spectacle

Les FMR de Rollin : Pourquoi ça marche ? (2006) de François Rollin

Par le bout du nez (2022) de Alexandre de la Patellière et Matthieu Delaporte avec François Berléand et Antoine Duléry

Livres

Kaamelott, tome 4 : Perceval Et le Dragon d'Airain de Alexandre Astier, Steven Dupré et Benoît Bekaert

The gutter de Cyril Durr et Sergio Yolfa

Batman : Les Nouvelles Aventures Volume 2 de Ty Templeton et Rick Burchett

(II) : Avec l'odeur de tes caresses de Léa Celle qui aimait

Partie de Manille pour OSS 117 de Jean bruce

Un printemps à Tchernobyl de Emmanuel Lepage

Tout le plaisir est pour moi de Frédéric Dard

#mediatheque #mai22

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cinemascop · 6 years

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#diplomacy #movie #film #poster #2016 #andre dussollier #niels arestrup #robert stadlover #burghart klaubner #charlie nelson #stefan wilkening #jean marc roulot #thomas arnold #lucas prisorm #volker schlondorff #cyril gely #diplomatie

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90smovies · 7 years

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Europa

#Europa #Zentropa #Lars von Trier #Niels Vørsel #Jean Marc Barr #Barbara Sukowa #Udo Kier #Europa 1991

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djblendsky · 3 years

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• BLENDSKYS Festival Radioshow #03

Every two weeks or every month the best (mainstage) festival music hosted by DJ BLENDSKY.

Not a bored regular radioshow! Fast transitions! 1 Hour the best Edm tracks all over the world!

*Note* BLENDSKYS Festival Radioshow! Enjoy!!

💬 Download here: https://www.slammes.com/gate/8673/ Mixcloud: https://bit.ly/3iOR9iA

► Visit DJ BLENDSKY Here:

Facebook: bit.ly/1V099GY Twitter: bit.ly/1bPRfwd Tumblr: bit.ly/2rlbGU1 ____________________________________

Soundcloud (Main): bit.ly/28WQtTW Soundcloud 2nd: bit.ly/1ghqTvB Mixcloud: bit.ly/1ASfagd Demodrop: bit.ly/2rDFZoK Slammes: bit.ly/2QnK38j Vi.be: vi.be/djblendsky

➥ Contact: [email protected] Demo: [email protected]

____________________________________

• Tracklist:

1. BLASTERJAXX & ZafriR - Zurna 2. Wolfpack X Mike Bond X Fatman Scoop - Make Some Noise 3. Bougenvilla & Mairee feat. Robin Valo - Somebody To Love 4. Prezioso X Niels Van Gogh - Tell Me Why 5. Olly James & ASCO - Shine (feat. Jordan Grace) 6. Blasterjaxx - One More Smile (feat. Shiah Maisel) (Blasterjaxx Extended Arena Mix) 7. Joel Corry, MNEK - Head & Heart (Timmy Trumpet Remix) 8. ANGEMI - Astronomia 2k20 9. Brais feat. Robbie Rosen - Better Days Ahead 10. Dropgun & Christopher Damas - U&I 11. KEVU & GIFTBACK - The Citadel 12. LANNÉ&Luke Madness - Dynamite 13. Lucas & Steve feat. Alida - Another Life (twocolors Extended Remix) 14. David Flix - Monster 15. AKI-HIRO & TBR - Samurai 16. Blasterjaxx - Legion 17. Maurice West - Partystarter (Where Is The Party) 18. Phil Praise Ft. Mr. Shmmi - Chak Chak (Bodybangers Remix) 19. Rich Edwards & CHRNS feat. Alessia Labate - Alive 20. OMNIA - Fee Ra Huri (Monta Bootleg) 21. David Guetta & Morten - Kill Me Slow 22. R3HAB & Nina Nesbitt - Family Values 23. Jean Marie X Robert Blues X Audiosonik - Freed From Desire 24. Do It Big - Murcielago 25. Marc Crown - Hero 26. Hi_Tack - Say Say Say (Waiting 4 U) (Steff da Campo Extended Remix) 27. Sandro Silva x Willy William - Bollywood 28. WDYW (FS Green Remix) 29. MarLo x Triode feat. HALIENE - Castles In The Sky 30. Mark Sixma presents M6 - Bad Dreams 31. ANG & STVW - Control Your Mind 32. Da Boy Tommy - Candyman (Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike x W&W x Ummet Ozcan Remix)

#mainstage #edm #edm music

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extrabeurre · 4 years

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IL PLEUVAIT DES OISEAUX en tête des nominations du Gala Québec Cinéma 2020

En direct du salon de Guillaume Lambert, les nominations du Gala Québec Cinéma (qui ne fera pas l’objet d’un rassemblement télévisuel cette année, confinement oblige) ont été dévoilées cet après-midi.

En cette année dominée par les réalisatrices, 6 des meilleurs films sont réalisés par des femmes et 3 femmes sont en lice pour l’Iris de la Meilleure réalisation.

On parle bien sûr d’Antigone de Sophie Deraspe (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), La femme de mon frère de Monia Chokri (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation), Kuessipan de Myriam Verreault (Meilleur film, Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), Jeune Juliette d’Anne Émond (Meilleur film, Meilleur scénario), Il pleuvait des oiseaux et Louise Archambault (Meilleur film, Meilleur scénario, et 13 nominations au total, le record cette année), et du plus inattendu Fabuleuses de Mélanie Charbonneau (Meilleur film).

Ces films réalisés par des femmes sont rejoints dans les catégories de pointe par les « films de gars » Mafia Inc de Podz (Meilleur film), Sympathie pour le diable de Guillaume de Fontenay (Meilleure réalisation, Meilleur scénario), et Le vingtième siècle de Matthew Rankin (Meilleur premier film, Meilleure réalisation).

Un grand oublié : Xavier Dolan, qui a lancé deux longs métrages l’an dernier. On ne s’attendait pas à un couronnement du mal-aimé The Death and Life of John F. Donovan, mais l’excellent Matthias & Maxime aurait mérité plus d’honneurs. Il est quand même en nomination dans les catégories Meilleure interprétation féminine dans un rôle de soutien (Micheline Bernard), Meilleure interprétation masculine dans un rôle de soutien (Pier-Luc Funk), Meilleure direction de la photographie (André Turpin), Meilleur montage (Xavier Dolan), Meilleure musique originale (Jean-Michel Blais) et Meilleur maquillage (Erik Gosselin, Edwina Voda).

Du côté des interprètes, je suis soulagé que mon long métrage québécois préféré depuis longtemps, Le rire de Martin Laroche, ait été au moins reconnu pour les brillantes performances de Léane Labrèche-Dor (Premier rôle féminin) et Micheline Lanctôt (Rôle de soutien féminin).

Il faut aussi souligner les deux nominations comme acteur de Robin Aubert, pour Jeune Juliette (Premier rôle masculin) et Merci pour tout (Rôle de soutien masculin).

Et une pensée pour Andrée Lachapelle, qui nous a quittés récemment, nommée comme Meilleure actrice pour Il pleuvait des oiseaux.

Parlant d’Il pleuvait des oiseaux , félicitations à Will Driving West, un de mes groupes préférés, parmi les finalistes de la catégorie Meilleure musique originale.

Aussi, je suis très heureux pour l’extraordinaire Je finirai en prison d’Alexandre Dostie, en nomination pour l’Iris du meilleur court métrage.

LISTE COMPLÈTE DES NOMINATIONS

MEILLEUR FILM

Antigone - ACPAV - Marc Daigle

Fabuleuses - GO Films - Nicole Robert

La femme de mon frère - Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant

Il pleuvait des oiseaux - Les Films Outsiders - Ginette Petit

Jeune Juliette - Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil

Kuessipan - Max Films Média - Félize Frappier

Mafia Inc - Attraction Images - Antonello Cozzolino | Caramel Films - Valérie D'Auteuil, André Rouleau

MEILLEUR PREMIER FILM

Mad Dog Labine - Jonathan Beaulieu-Cyr, Renaud Lessard - 1er scénario de Jonathan Beaulieu-Cyr, Renaud Lessard

Sympathie pour le diable - Guillaume de Fontenay - 1er scénario de Guillaume de Fontenay, Guillaume Vigneault

Le vingtième siècle - Matthew Rankin - 1er scénario de Matthew Rankin

MEILLEURE RÉALISATION

Monia Chokri - La femme de mon frère

Guillaume de Fontenay - Sympathie pour le diable

Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Matthew Rankin - Le vingtième siècle

Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

MEILLEUR SCÉNARIO

Louise Archambault - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Jean Barbe, Guillaume de Fontenay, Guillaume Vigneault - Sympathie pour le diable

Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Anne Émond - Jeune Juliette

Naomi Fontaine, Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION FÉMININE | PREMIER RÔLE

Anne-Élisabeth Bossé (Sophia) - La femme de mon frère

Anne Dorval (Isabelle Brodeur) - 14 jours 12 nuits

Léane Labrèche-Dor (Valérie) - Le rire

Andrée Lachapelle (Gertrude | Marie-Desneige) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Noémie O'Farrell (Laurie) - Fabuleuses

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION MASCULINE | PREMIER RÔLE

Robin Aubert (Bernard) - Jeune Juliette

Marc-André Grondin (Vincent «Vince »Gamache) - Mafia Inc

Patrick Hivon (Karim) - La femme de mon frère

Niels Schneider (Paul Marchand) - Sympathie pour le diable

Gilbert Sicotte (Charlie) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION FÉMININE | RÔLE DE SOUTIEN

Micheline Bernard (Francine) - Matthias & Maxime

Juliette Gosselin (Clara Diamond) - Fabuleuses

Micheline Lanctôt (Jeanne) - Le rire

Eve Landry (Rafaëlle [Raf]) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Geneviève Schmidt (France Gauthier) - Menteur

MEILLEURE INTERPRÉTATION MASCULINE | RÔLE DE SOUTIEN

Robin Aubert (Réjean) - Merci pour tout

Sergio Castellitto (Francesco « Franck » Paternò) - Mafia Inc

Pier-Luc Funk (Rivette) - Matthias & Maxime

Sasson Gabai (Hichem) - La femme de mon frère

Rémy Girard (Tom) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

RÉVÉLATION DE L'ANNÉE

Catherine Chabot (Chloé Therrien) - Menteur

Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao (Mikuan Vollant [16-21ans]) - Kuessipan

Alexane Jamieson (Juliette) - Jeune Juliette

Nahéma Ricci (Antigone) - Antigone

Lilou Roy-Lanouette (Yanna) - Jouliks

MEILLEURE DISTRIBUTION DES RÔLES

Jacinthe Beaudet, Tobie Fraser, Geneviève Hébert, Myriam Verreault - Kuessipan

Nathalie Boutrie (Casting NB) - Jeune Juliette

Nathalie Boutrie (Casting NB) | Francis Cantin, Bruno Rosato (Casting Cantin Rosato) - Mafia Inc

Sophie Deraspe, Isabelle Couture | Pierre Pageau, Daniel Poisson (Gros Plan) - Antigone

Karel Quinn (Casting Karel Quinn) | Lucie Robitaille (Casting Lucie Robitaille) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEURE DIRECTION ARTISTIQUE

Éric Barbeau - La femme de mon frère

Dany Boivin - Le vingtième siècle

Marie-Claude Gosselin, Jean Lebourdais - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Sylvain Lemaitre - Jeune Juliette

David Pelletier - Mafia Inc

MEILLEURE DIRECTION DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE

Yves Bélanger - 14 jours 12 nuits

Nicolas Canniccioni - Kuessipan

Josée Deshaies - La femme de mon frère

Mathieu Laverdière - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

André Turpin - Matthias & Maxime

MEILLEUR SON

Claude Beaugrand, Michel B. Bordeleau, Bernard Gariépy Strobl, Claude La Haye, Raymond Legault - The Song of Names

Sylvain Bellemare, Jocelyn Caron, Bernard Gariépy Strobl - Sympathie pour le diable

Serge Boivin, Olivier Calvert, Samuel Gagnon-Thibodeau - Ville Neuve

Luc Boudrias, Sylvain Brassard, Jean Camden - Mafia Inc

Bernard Gariépy Strobl, Sacha Ratcliffe, Lynne Trépanier - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEUR MONTAGE

Geoffrey Boulangé, Sophie Deraspe - Antigone

Monia Chokri, Justine Gauthier - La femme de mon frère

Xavier Dolan - Matthias & Maxime

Myriam Poirier - 14 jours 12 nuits

Matthew Rankin - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEURS EFFETS VISUELS

Alchimie 24 - Alain Lachance, Jean-Pierre Riverin - The Song of Names

Mikros - Véronique Dessard, Philippe Frère - The Hummingbird Project

Oblique FX - Benoit Brière, Louis-Philippe Clavet, Kinga Sabela - Sympathie pour le diable

MEILLEURE MUSIQUE ORIGINALE

Andréa Bélanger, David Ratté (Will Driving West) - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

Jean-Michel Blais - Matthias & Maxime

Jean Massicotte, Jad Orphée Chami - Antigone

Howard Shore - The Song of Names

Peter Venne - Le vingtième siècle

MEILLEURS COSTUMES

Valérie Lévesque - Mafia Inc

Ginette Magny - Jouliks

Patricia McNeil - La femme de mon frère

Patricia McNeil - Le vingtième siècle

Caroline Poirier - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEUR MAQUILLAGE

Jeanne Lafond - Jouliks

Léonie Lévesque-Robert - Fabuleuses

Marlène Rouleau - Mafia Inc

Adriana Verbert - Le vingtième siècle

Erik Gosselin, Edwina Voda - Matthias & Maxime

MEILLEURE COIFFURE

Michelle Côté - The Song of Names

Stéphanie Deflandre - Mafia Inc

Nermin Grbic - Le vingtième siècle

Daniel Jacob - Fabuleuses

Martin Lapointe - Il pleuvait des oiseaux

MEILLEUR FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Alexandre le fou - Pedro Pires | Pedro Pires

Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains - Thomas Rinfret | Divertissement Breakout - Vito Balenzano, Bruno Rosato | Vélocité International - Valérie Bissonnette

Soleils noirs - Julien Elie | Cinéma Belmopán - Julien Elie

Xalko - Hind Benchekroun, Sami Mermer | Les films de la tortue - Hind Benchekroun | Sami Mermer

Ziva Postec. La monteuse derrière le film Shoah - Catherine Hébert | Les Films Camera Oscura - Christine Falco

MEILLEURE DIRECTION DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Dominic Dorval, Vincent Masse, Thomas Rinfret, Richard Tremblay - Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains

Sami Mermer - Xalko

François Messier-Rheault, Ernesto Pardo - Soleils noirs

Pedro Pires - Alexandre le fou

Pedro Ruiz - Sur les toits Havane

MEILLEUR MONTAGE | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Benoit Côté, Thomas Rinfret - Mad Dog & The Butcher - Les derniers vilains

Sylvia De Angelis, Sophie Leblond, Pedro Pires - Alexandre le fou

Aube Foglia - Soleils noirs

Annie Jean - Ziva Postec. La monteuse derrière le film Shoah

Natalie Lamoureux - Une femme, ma mère

MEILLEUR SON | FILM DOCUMENTAIRE

Wolfgang Beck, Mustafa Bölükbasi, Kerem Çakir, Huseyin Can Erol, Sonat Hançer, Eric Lebœuf, Bruno Pucella, Ibrahim Tarhan, Yener Yalçin, Tolga Yelekçi - Échos d'Istanbul

Luc Boudrias, Patrice LeBlanc - Une femme, ma mère

Sylvain Brassard, Benoit Leduc, Gaël Poisson Lemay - Alexandre le fou

Shelley Craig, Marie-Pierre Grenier, Luc Léger, Geoffrey Mitchell - La fin des terres

René Portillo - Sur les toits Havane

MEILLEUR COURT MÉTRAGE | FICTION

Je finirai en prison - Alexandre Dostie | Art & Essai - Hany Ouichou

Jojo - Guillaume Laurin | Couronne Nord - Fanny Forest, Julie Groleau, Guillaume Laurin

Juste moi et toi - Sandrine Brodeur-Desrosiers | Les Films Camera Oscura - Johannie Deschambault

SDR - Alexa-Jeanne Dubé | À Deux - Emili Mercier

Une bombe au cœur - Rémi St-Michel | Christal Films Productions - Christian Larouche | Panache Films - Sébastien Létourneau

MEILLEUR COURT MÉTRAGE | ANIMATION

Le cortège - Pascal Blanchet, Rodolphe Saint-Gelais | Office national du film du Canada - Julie Roy

Le mal du siècle - Catherine Lepage | Office national du film du Canada - Marc Bertrand

Organic - Steven Woloshen | Steven Woloshen

Physique de la tristesse - Theodore Ushev | Office national du film du Canada - Marc Bertrand

Les vêtements - Caroline Blais | Caroline Blais

FILM S'ÉTANT LE PLUS ILLUSTRÉ À L'EXTÉRIEUR DU QUÉBEC

Antigone - Sophie Deraspe | ACPAV - Marc Daigle | Maison 4:3

La femme de mon frère - Monia Chokri | Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant | Les Films Séville

Genèse - Philippe Lesage | Unité centrale - Galilé Marion-Gauvin | FunFilm Distribution

Kuessipan - Myriam Verreault | Max Films Média - Félize Frappier | Filmoption International

Répertoire des villes disparues - Denis Côté | Couzin Films - Ziad Touma | Maison 4:3

PRIX DU PUBLIC

La femme de mon frère - Monia Chokri | Les Films Séville | Metafilms - Sylvain Corbeil, Nancy Grant

Il pleuvait des oiseaux - Louise Archambault | MK2 | Mile End | Les Films Outsiders - Ginette Petit

Mafia Inc - Daniel Grou (Podz) | Les Films Séville | Attraction Images - Antonello Cozzolino | Caramel Films - Valérie D'Auteuil, André Rouleau

Menteur - Émile Gaudreault | Les Films Séville | Les Films du Lac - Émile Gaudreault | Cinémaginaire - Denise Robert

Merci pour tout - Louise Archambault | Les Films Séville | Amalga - André Dupuy

IRIS HOMMAGE

Alanis Obomsawin

#gala québec cinéma #il pleuvait des oiseaux #andrée lachapelle

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cleverwordsandotherstuffilike · 5 years

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Inventions

Adrenaline: (isolation of) John Jacob Abel, U.S., 1897.

Aerosol can: Erik Rotheim, Norway, 1926.

Air brake: George Westinghouse, U.S., 1868.

Air conditioning: Willis Carrier, U.S., 1911.

Airship: (non-rigid) Henri Giffard, France, 1852; (rigid) Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Germany, 1900.

Aluminum manufacture: (by electrolytic action) Charles M. Hall, U.S., 1866.

Anatomy, human: (De fabrica corporis humani, an illustrated systematic study of the human body) Andreas Vesalius, Belgium, 1543; (comparative: parts of an organism are correlated to the functioning whole) Georges Cuvier, France, 1799–1805.

Anesthetic: (first use of anesthetic—ether—on humans) Crawford W. Long, U.S., 1842.

Antibiotics: (first demonstration of antibiotic effect) Louis Pasteur, Jules-François Joubert, France, 1887; (discovery of penicillin, first modern antibiotic) Alexander Fleming, England, 1928; (penicillin’s infection-fighting properties) Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, England, 1940.

Antiseptic: (surgery) Joseph Lister, England, 1867.

Antitoxin, diphtheria: Emil von Behring, Germany, 1890.

Appliances, electric: (fan) Schuyler Wheeler, U.S., 1882; (flatiron) Henry W. Seely, U.S., 1882; (stove) Hadaway, U.S., 1896; (washing machine) Alva Fisher, U.S., 1906.

Aqualung: Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Emile Gagnan, France, 1943.

Aspirin: Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany, 1899.

Astronomical calculator: The Antikythera device, first century B.C., Greece. Found off island of Antikythera in 1900.

Atom: (nuclear model of) Ernest Rutherford, England, 1911.

Atomic theory: (ancient) Leucippus, Democritus, Greece, c. 500 B.C.; Lucretius, Rome c.100 B.C.; (modern) John Dalton, England, 1808.

Atomic structure: (formulated nuclear model of atom, Rutherford model) Ernest Rutherford, England, 1911; (proposed current concept of atomic structure, the Bohr model) Niels Bohr, Denmark, 1913.

Automobile: (first with internal combustion engine, 250 rpm) Karl Benz, Germany, 1885; (first with practical high-speed internal combustion engine, 900 rpm) Gottlieb Daimler, Germany, 1885; (first true automobile, not carriage with motor) René Panhard, Emile Lavassor, France, 1891; (carburetor, spray) Charles E. Duryea, U.S., 1892.

Autopilot: (for aircraft) Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., c.1910, first successful test, 1912, in a Curtiss flying boat.

Avogadro’s law: (equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules) Amedeo Avogadro, Italy, 1811.

Bacteria: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683.

Balloon, hot-air: Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier, France, 1783.

Barbed wire: (most popular) Joseph E. Glidden, U.S., 1873.

Bar codes: (computer-scanned binary signal code):

(retail trade use) Monarch Marking, U.S. 1970; (industrial use) Plessey Telecommunications, England, 1970.

Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli, Italy, 1643.

Bicycle: Karl D. von Sauerbronn, Germany, 1816; (first modern model) James Starley, England, 1884.

Big Bang theory: (the universe originated with a huge explosion) George LeMaitre, Belgium, 1927; (modified LeMaitre theory labeled “Big Bang”) George A. Gamow, U.S., 1948; (cosmic microwave background radiation discovered, confirms theory) Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, U.S., 1965.

Blood, circulation of: William Harvey, England, 1628.

Boyle’s law: (relation between pressure and volume in gases) Robert Boyle, Ireland, 1662.

Braille: Louis Braille, France, 1829.

Bridges: (suspension, iron chains) James Finley, Pa., 1800; (wire suspension) Marc Seguin, Lyons, 1825; (truss) Ithiel Town, U.S., 1820.

Bullet: (conical) Claude Minié, France, 1849.

Calculating machine: (logarithms: made multiplying easier and thus calculators practical) John Napier, Scotland, 1614; (slide rule) William Oughtred, England, 1632; (digital calculator) Blaise Pascal, 1642; (multiplication machine) Gottfried Leibniz, Germany, 1671; (important 19th-century contributors to modern machine) Frank S. Baldwin, Jay R. Monroe, Dorr E. Felt, W. T. Ohdner, William Burroughs, all U.S.; (“analytical engine” design, included concepts of programming, taping) Charles Babbage, England, 1835.

Calculus: Isaac Newton, England, 1669; (differential calculus) Gottfried Leibniz, Germany, 1684.

Camera: (hand-held) George Eastman, U.S., 1888; (Polaroid Land) Edwin Land, U.S., 1948.

“Canals” of Mars:Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italy, 1877.

Carpet sweeper: Melville R. Bissell, U.S., 1876.

Car radio: William Lear, Elmer Wavering, U.S., 1929, manufactured by Galvin Manufacturing Co., “Motorola.”

Cells: (word used to describe microscopic examination of cork) Robert Hooke, England, 1665; (theory: cells are common structural and functional unit of all living organisms) Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, 1838–1839.

Cement, Portland: Joseph Aspdin, England, 1824.

Chewing gum: (spruce-based) John Curtis, U.S., 1848; (chicle-based) Thomas Adams, U.S., 1870.

Cholera bacterium: Robert Koch, Germany, 1883.

Circuit, integrated: (theoretical) G.W.A. Dummer, England, 1952; (phase-shift oscillator) Jack S. Kilby, Texas Instruments, U.S., 1959.

Classification of plants: (first modern, based on comparative study of forms) Andrea Cesalpino, Italy, 1583; (classification of plants and animals by genera and species) Carolus Linnaeus, Sweden, 1737–1753.

Clock, pendulum: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1656.

Coca-Cola: John Pemberton, U.S., 1886.

Combustion: (nature of) Antoine Lavoisier, France, 1777.

Compact disk: RCA, U.S., 1972.

Computers: (first design of analytical engine) Charles Babbage, 1830s; (ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, first all-electronic, completed) 1945; (dedicated at University of Pennsylvania) 1946; (UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer, handled both numeric and alphabetic data) 1951.

Concrete: (reinforced) Joseph Monier, France, 1877.

Condensed milk: Gail Borden, U.S., 1853.

Conditioned reflex: Ivan Pavlov, Russia, c.1910.

Conservation of electric charge: (the total electric charge of the universe or any closed system is constant) Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1751–1754.

Contagion theory: (infectious diseases caused by living agent transmitted from person to person) Girolamo Fracastoro, Italy, 1546.

Continental drift theory: (geographer who pieced together continents into a single landmass on maps) Antonio Snider-Pellegrini, France, 1858; (first proposed in lecture) Frank Taylor, U.S.; (first comprehensive detailed theory) Alfred Wegener, Germany, 1912.

Contraceptive, oral: Gregory Pincus, Min Chuch Chang, John Rock, Carl Djerassi, U.S., 1951.

Converter, Bessemer: William Kelly, U.S., 1851.

Cosmetics: Egypt, c. 4000 B.C.

Cosamic string theory: (first postulated) Thomas Kibble, 1976.

Cotton gin: Eli Whitney, U.S., 1793.

Crossbow: China, c. 300 B.C.

Cyclotron: Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S., 1931.

Deuterium: (heavy hydrogen) Harold Urey, U.S., 1931.

Disease: (chemicals in treatment of) crusaded by Philippus Paracelsus, 1527–1541; (germ theory) Louis Pasteur, France, 1862–1877.

DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid) Friedrich Meischer, Germany, 1869; (determination of double-helical structure) Rosalind Elsie Franklin, F. H. Crick, England, James D. Watson, U.S., 1953.

Dye: (aniline, start of synthetic dye industry) William H. Perkin, England, 1856.

Dynamite: Alfred Nobel, Sweden, 1867.

Electric cooking utensil: (first) patented by St. George Lane-Fox, England, 1874.

Electric generator (dynamo): (laboratory model) Michael Faraday, England, 1832; Joseph Henry, U.S., c.1832; (hand-driven model) Hippolyte Pixii, France, 1833; (alternating-current generator) Nikola Tesla, U.S., 1892.

Electric lamp: (arc lamp) Sir Humphrey Davy, England, 1801; (fluorescent lamp) A.E. Becquerel, France, 1867; (incandescent lamp) Sir Joseph Swann, England, Thomas A. Edison, U.S., contemporaneously, 1870s; (carbon arc street lamp) Charles F. Brush, U.S., 1879; (first widely marketed incandescent lamp) Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1879; (mercury vapor lamp) Peter Cooper Hewitt, U.S., 1903; (neon lamp) Georges Claude, France, 1911; (tungsten filament) Irving Langmuir, U.S., 1915.

Electrocardiography: Demonstrated by Augustus Waller, 1887; (first practical device for recording activity of heart) Willem Einthoven, 1903, Dutch physiologist.

Electromagnet: William Sturgeon, England, 1823.

Electron: Sir Joseph J. Thompson, England, 1897.

Elevator, passenger: (safety device permitting use by passengers) Elisha G. Otis, U.S., 1852; (elevator utilizing safety device) 1857.

E = mc2: (equivalence of mass and energy) Albert Einstein, Switzerland, 1907.

Engine, internal combustion: No single inventor. Fundamental theory established by Sadi Carnot, France, 1824; (two-stroke) Etienne Lenoir, France, 1860; (ideal operating cycle for four-stroke) Alphonse Beau de Roche, France, 1862; (operating four-stroke) Nikolaus Otto, Germany, 1876; (diesel) Rudolf Diesel, Germany, 1892; (rotary) Felix Wankel, Germany, 1956.

Evolution: (organic) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, France, 1809; (by natural selection) Charles Darwin, England, 1859.

Exclusion principle: (no two electrons in an atom can occupy the same energy level) Wolfgang Pauli, Germany, 1925.

Expanding universe theory: (first proposed) George LeMaitre, Belgium, 1927; (discovered first direct evidence that the universe is expanding) Edwin P. Hubble, U.S., 1929; (Hubble constant: a measure of the rate at which the universe is expanding) Edwin P. Hubble, U.S., 1929.

Falling bodies, law of: Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1590.

Fermentation: (microorganisms as cause of) Louis Pasteur, France, c.1860.

Fiber optics: Narinder Kapany, England, 1955.

Fibers, man-made: (nitrocellulose fibers treated to change flammable nitrocellulose to harmless cellulose, precursor of rayon) Sir Joseph Swann, England, 1883; (rayon) Count Hilaire de Chardonnet, France, 1889; (Celanese) Henry and Camille Dreyfuss, U.S., England, 1921; (research on polyesters and polyamides, basis for modern man-made fibers) U.S., England, Germany, 1930s; (nylon) Wallace H. Carothers, U.S., 1935.

Frozen food: Clarence Birdseye, U.S., 1924.

Gene transfer: (human) Steven Rosenberg, R. Michael Blaese, W. French Anderson, U.S., 1989.

Geometry, elements of: Euclid, Alexandria, Egypt, c. 300 B.C.; (analytic) René Descartes, France; and Pierre de Fermat, Switzerland, 1637.

Gravitation, law of: Sir Isaac Newton, England, c.1665 (published 1687).

Gunpowder: China, c.700.

Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., 1905.

Gyroscope: Léon Foucault, France, 1852.

Halley’s Comet: Edmund Halley, England, 1705.

Heart implanted in human, permanent artificial:Dr. Robert Jarvik, U.S., 1982.

Heart, temporary artificial: Willem Kolft, 1957.

Helicopter: (double rotor) Heinrich Focke, Germany, 1936; (single rotor) Igor Sikorsky, U.S., 1939.

Helium first observed on sun: Sir Joseph Lockyer, England, 1868.

Heredity, laws of: Gregor Mendel, Austria, 1865.

Holograph: Dennis Gabor, England, 1947.

Home videotape systems (VCR): (Betamax) Sony, Japan, 1975; (VHS) Matsushita, Japan, 1975.

Ice age theory: Louis Agassiz, Swiss-American, 1840.

Induction, electric: Joseph Henry, U.S., 1828.

Insulin: (first isolated) Sir Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best, Canada, 1921; (discovery first published) Banting and Best, 1922; (Nobel Prize awarded for purification for use in humans) John Macleod and Banting, 1923; (first synthesized), China, 1966.

Intelligence testing: Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon, France, 1905.

Interferon: Alick Isaacs, Jean Lindemann, England, Switzerland, 1957.

Isotopes: (concept of) Frederick Soddy, England, 1912; (stable isotopes) J. J. Thompson, England, 1913; (existence demonstrated by mass spectrography) Francis W. Ashton, 1919.

Jet propulsion: (engine) Sir Frank Whittle, England, Hans von Ohain, Germany, 1936; (aircraft) Heinkel He 178, 1939.

Kinetic theory of gases: (molecules of a gas are in a state of rapid motion) Daniel Bernoulli, Switzerland, 1738.

Laser: (theoretical work on) Charles H. Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, U.S., N. Basov, A. Prokhorov, U.S.S.R., 1958; (first working model) T. H. Maiman, U.S., 1960.

Lawn mower: Edwin Budding, John Ferrabee, England, 1830–1831.

LCD (liquid crystal display): Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland, 1970.

Lens, bifocal: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., c.1760.

Leyden jar: (prototype electrical condenser) Canon E. G. von Kleist of Kamin, Pomerania, 1745; independently evolved by Cunaeus and P. van Musschenbroek, University of Leyden, Holland, 1746, from where name originated.

Light, nature of: (wave theory) Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1678; (electromagnetic theory) James Clerk Maxwell, England, 1873.

Light, speed of: (theory that light has finite velocity) Olaus Roemer, Denmark, 1675.

Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1752.

Locomotive: (steam powered) Richard Trevithick, England, 1804; (first practical, due to multiple-fire-tube boiler) George Stephenson, England, 1829; (largest steam-powered) Union Pacific’s “Big Boy,” U.S., 1941.

Lock, cylinder: Linus Yale, U.S., 1851.

Loom: (horizontal, two-beamed) Egypt, c. 4400 B.C.; (Jacquard drawloom, pattern controlled by punch cards) Jacques de Vaucanson, France, 1745, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, 1801; (flying shuttle) John Kay, England, 1733; (power-driven loom) Edmund Cartwright, England, 1785.

Machine gun: (hand-cranked multibarrel) Richard J. Gatling, U.S., 1862; (practical single barrel, belt-fed) Hiram S. Maxim, Anglo-American, 1884.

Magnet, Earth is: William Gilbert, England, 1600.

Match: (phosphorus) François Derosne, France, 1816; (friction) Charles Sauria, France, 1831; (safety) J. E. Lundstrom, Sweden, 1855.

Measles vaccine: John F. Enders, Thomas Peebles, U.S., 1953.

Metric system: revolutionary government of France, 1790–1801.

Microphone: Charles Wheatstone, England, 1827.

Microscope: (compound) Zacharias Janssen, The Netherlands, 1590; (electron) Vladimir Zworykin et al., U.S., Canada, Germany, 1932–1939.

Microwave oven: Percy Spencer, U.S., 1947.

Motion, laws of: Isaac Newton, England, 1687.

Motion pictures: Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1893.

Motion pictures, sound: Product of various inventions. First picture with synchronized musical score: Don Juan, 1926; with spoken dialogue: The Jazz Singer, 1927; both Warner Bros.

Motor, electric: Michael Faraday, England, 1822; (alternating-current) Nikola Tesla, U.S., 1892.

Motorcycle: (motor tricycle) Edward Butler, England, 1884; (gasoline-engine motorcycle) Gottlieb Daimler, Germany, 1885.

Moving assembly line: Henry Ford, U.S., 1913.

Neptune: (discovery of) Johann Galle, Germany, 1846.

Neptunium: (first transuranic element, synthesis of) Edward M. McMillan, Philip H. Abelson, U.S., 1940.

Neutron: James Chadwick, England, 1932.

Neutron-induced radiation: Enrico Fermi et al., Italy, 1934.

Nitroglycerin: Ascanio Sobrero, Italy, 1846.

Nuclear fission: Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, Germany, 1938.

Nuclear reactor: Enrico Fermi, Italy, et al., 1942.

Ohm’s law: (relationship between strength of electric current, electromotive force, and circuit resistance) Georg S. Ohm, Germany, 1827.

Oil well: Edwin L. Drake, U.S., 1859.

Oxygen: (isolation of) Joseph Priestley, 1774; Carl Scheele, 1773.

Ozone: Christian Schönbein, Germany, 1839.

Pacemaker: (internal) Clarence W. Lillehie, Earl Bakk, U.S., 1957.

Paper China, c.100 A.D.

Parachute: Louis S. Lenormand, France, 1783.

Pen: (fountain) Lewis E. Waterman, U.S., 1884; (ball-point, for marking on rough surfaces) John H. Loud, U.S., 1888; (ball-point, for handwriting) Lazlo Biro, Argentina, 1944.

Periodic law: (that properties of elements are functions of their atomic weights) Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869.

Periodic table: (arrangement of chemical elements based on periodic law) Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869.

Phonograph: Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1877.

Photography: (first paper negative, first photograph, on metal) Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, France, 1816–1827; (discovery of fixative powers of hyposulfite of soda) Sir John Herschel, England, 1819; (first direct positive image on silver plate, the daguerreotype) Louis Daguerre, based on work with Niepce, France, 1839; (first paper negative from which a number of positive prints could be made) William Talbot, England, 1841. Work of these four men, taken together, forms basis for all modern photography. (First color images) Alexandre Becquerel, Claude Niepce de Saint-Victor, France, 1848–1860; (commercial color film with three emulsion layers, Kodachrome) U.S., 1935.

Photovoltaic effect: (light falling on certain materials can produce electricity) Edmund Becquerel, France, 1839.

Piano: (Hammerklavier) Bartolommeo Cristofori, Italy, 1709; (pianoforte with sustaining and damper pedals) John Broadwood, England, 1873.

Planetary motion, laws of: Johannes Kepler, Germany, 1609, 1619.

Plant respiration and photosynthesis: Jan Ingenhousz, Holland, 1779.

Plastics: (first material, nitrocellulose softened by vegetable oil, camphor, precursor to Celluloid) Alexander Parkes, England, 1855; (Celluloid, involving recognition of vital effect of camphor) John W. Hyatt, U.S., 1869; (Bakelite, first completely synthetic plastic) Leo H. Baekeland, U.S., 1910; (theoretical background of macromolecules and process of polymerization on which modern plastics industry rests) Hermann Staudinger, Germany, 1922.

Plate tectonics: Alfred Wegener, Germany, 1912–1915.

Plow, forked: Mesopotamia, before 3000 B.C.

Plutonium, synthesis of: Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, U.S., 1941.

Polio, vaccine: (experimentally safe dead-virus vaccine) Jonas E. Salk, U.S., 1952; (effective large-scale field trials) 1954; (officially approved) 1955; (safe oral live-virus vaccine developed) Albert B. Sabin, U.S., 1954; (available in the U.S.) 1960.

Positron: Carl D. Anderson, U.S., 1932.

Pressure cooker: (early version) Denis Papin, France, 1679.

Printing: (block) Japan, c.700; (movable type) Korea, c.1400; Johann Gutenberg, Germany, c.1450 (lithography, offset) Aloys Senefelder, Germany, 1796; (rotary press) Richard Hoe, U.S., 1844; (linotype) Ottmar Mergenthaler, U.S., 1884.

Probability theory: René Descartes, France; and Pierre de Fermat, Switzerland, 1654.

Proton: Ernest Rutherford, England, 1919.

Prozac: (antidepressant fluoxetine) Bryan B. Malloy, Scotland, and Klaus K. Schmiegel, U.S., 1972; (released for use in U.S.) Eli Lilly & Company, 1987.

Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud, Austria, c.1904.

Pulsars: Antony Hewish and Jocelyn Bell Burnel, England, 1967.

Quantum theory: (general) Max Planck, Germany, 1900; (sub-atomic) Niels Bohr, Denmark, 1913; (quantum mechanics) Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Germany, 1925.

Quarks: Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall, Richard Taylor, U.S., 1967.

Quasars: Marten Schmidt, U.S., 1963.

Rabies immunization: Louis Pasteur, France, 1885.

Radar: (limited to one-mile range) Christian Hulsmeyer, Germany, 1904; (pulse modulation, used for measuring height of ionosphere) Gregory Breit, Merle Tuve, U.S., 1925; (first practical radar—radio detection and ranging) Sir Robert Watson-Watt, England, 1934–1935.

Radio: (electromagnetism, theory of) James Clerk Maxwell, England, 1873; (spark coil, generator of electromagnetic waves) Heinrich Hertz, Germany, 1886; (first practical system of wireless telegraphy) Guglielmo Marconi, Italy, 1895; (first long-distance telegraphic radio signal sent across the Atlantic) Marconi, 1901; (vacuum electron tube, basis for radio telephony) Sir John Fleming, England, 1904; (triode amplifying tube) Lee de Forest, U.S., 1906; (regenerative circuit, allowing long-distance sound reception) Edwin H. Armstrong, U.S., 1912; (frequency modulation—FM) Edwin H. Armstrong, U.S., 1933.

Radioactivity: (X-rays) Wilhelm K. Roentgen, Germany, 1895; (radioactivity of uranium) Henri Becquerel, France, 1896; (radioactive elements, radium and polonium in uranium ore) Marie Sklodowska-Curie, Pierre Curie, France, 1898; (classification of alpha and beta particle radiation) Pierre Curie, France, 1900; (gamma radiation) Paul-Ulrich Villard, France, 1900.

Radiocarbon dating, carbon-14 method: (discovered) 1947, Willard F. Libby, U.S.; (first demonstrated) U.S., 1950.

Radio signals, extraterrestrial: first known radio noise signals were received by U.S. engineer, Karl Jansky, originating from the Galactic Center, 1931.

Radio waves: (cosmic sources, led to radio astronomy) Karl Jansky, U.S., 1932.

Razor: (safety, successfully marketed) King Gillette, U.S., 1901; (electric) Jacob Schick, U.S., 1928, 1931.

Reaper: Cyrus McCormick, U.S., 1834.

Refrigerator: Alexander Twining, U.S., James Harrison, Australia, 1850; (first with a compressor device) the Domelse, Chicago, U.S., 1913.

Refrigerator ship: (first) the Frigorifique, cooling unit designed by Charles Teller, France, 1877.

Relativity: (special and general theories of) Albert Einstein, Switzerland, Germany, U.S., 1905–1953.

Revolver: Samuel Colt, U.S., 1835.

Richter scale: Charles F. Richter, U.S., 1935.

Rifle: (muzzle-loaded) Italy, Germany, c.1475; (breech-loaded) England, France, Germany, U.S., c.1866; (bolt-action) Paul von Mauser, Germany, 1889; (automatic) John Browning, U.S., 1918.

Rocket: (liquid-fueled) Robert Goddard, U.S., 1926.

Roller bearing: (wooden for cartwheel) Germany or France, c.100 B.C.

Rotation of Earth: Jean Bernard Foucault, France, 1851.

Royal Observatory, Greenwich: established in 1675 by Charles II of England; John Flamsteed first Astronomer Royal.

Rubber: (vulcanization process) Charles Goodyear, U.S., 1839.

Saccharin: Constantine Fuhlberg, Ira Remsen, U.S., 1879.

Safety pin: Walter Hunt, U.S., 1849.

Saturn, ring around: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1659.

“Scotch” tape:Richard Drew, U.S., 1929.

Screw propeller: Sir Francis P. Smith, England, 1836; John Ericsson, England, worked independently of and simultaneously with Smith, 1837.

Seismograph: (first accurate) John Milne, England, 1880.

Sewing machine: Elias Howe, U.S., 1846; (continuous stitch) Isaac Singer, U.S., 1851.

Solar energy: First realistic application of solar energy using parabolic solar reflector to drive caloric engine on steam boiler, John Ericsson, U.S., 1860s.

Solar system, universe: (Sun-centered universe) Nicolaus Copernicus, Warsaw, 1543; (establishment of planetary orbits as elliptical) Johannes Kepler, Germany, 1609; (infinity of universe) Giordano Bruno, Italian monk, 1584.

Spectrum: (heterogeneity of light) Sir Isaac Newton, England, 1665–1666.

Spectrum analysis: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen, Germany, 1859.

Spermatozoa: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683.

Spinning: (spinning wheel) India, introduced to Europe in Middle Ages; (Saxony wheel, continuous spinning of wool or cotton yarn) England, c.1500–1600; (spinning jenny) James Hargreaves, England, 1764; (spinning frame) Sir Richard Arkwright, England, 1769; (spinning mule, completed mechanization of spinning, permitting production of yarn to keep up with demands of modern looms) Samuel Crompton, England, 1779.

Star catalog: (first modern) Tycho Brahe, Denmark, 1572.

Steam engine: (first commercial version based on principles of French physicist Denis Papin) Thomas Savery, England, 1639; (atmospheric steam engine) Thomas Newcomen, England, 1705; (steam engine for pumping water from collieries) Savery, Newcomen, 1725; (modern condensing, double acting) James Watt, England, 1782.

Steamship: Claude de Jouffroy d’Abbans, France, 1783; James Rumsey, U.S., 1787; John Fitch, U.S., 1790. All preceded Robert Fulton, U.S., 1807, credited with launching first commercially successful steamship.

Stethoscope: René Laënnec, France, 1819.

Sulfa drugs: (parent compound, para-aminobenzenesulfanomide) Paul Gelmo, Austria, 1908; (antibacterial activity) Gerhard Domagk, Germany, 1935.

Superconductivity: (theory) Bardeen, Cooper, Scheiffer, U.S., 1957.

Symbolic logic: George Boule, 1854; (modern) Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, England, 1910–1913.

Tank, military: Sir Ernest Swinton, England, 1914.

Tape recorder: (magnetic steel tape) Valdemar Poulsen, Denmark, 1899.

Teflon: DuPont, U.S., 1943.

Telegraph: Samuel F. B. Morse, U.S., 1837.

Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, U.S., 1876.

Telescope: Hans Lippershey, The Netherlands, 1608; (astronomical) Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1609; (reflecting) Isaac Newton, England, 1668.

Television: (Iconoscope–T.V. camera table), Vladimir Zworkin, U.S., 1923, and also kinescope (cathode ray tube), 1928; (mechanical disk-scanning method) successfully demonstrated by J.K. Baird, England, C.F. Jenkins, U.S., 1926; (first all-electric television image), 1927, Philo T. Farnsworth, U.S; (color, mechanical disk) Baird, 1928; (color, compatible with black and white) George Valensi, France, 1938; (color, sequential rotating filter) Peter Goldmark, U.S., first introduced, 1951; (color, compatible with black and white) commercially introduced in U.S., National Television Systems Committee, 1953.

Thermodynamics: (first law: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another) Julius von Mayer, Germany, 1842; James Joule, England, 1843; (second law: heat cannot of itself pass from a colder to a warmer body) Rudolph Clausius, Germany, 1850; (third law: the entropy of ordered solids reaches zero at the absolute zero of temperature) Walter Nernst, Germany, 1918.

Thermometer: (open-column) Galileo Galilei, c.1593; (clinical) Santorio Santorio, Padua, c.1615; (mercury, also Fahrenheit scale) Gabriel D. Fahrenheit, Germany, 1714; (centigrade scale) Anders Celsius, Sweden, 1742; (absolute-temperature, or Kelvin, scale) William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, England, 1848.

Tire, pneumatic: Robert W. Thompson, England, 1845; (bicycle tire) John B. Dunlop, Northern Ireland, 1888.

Toilet, flush: Product of Minoan civilization, Crete, c. 2000 B.C. Alleged invention by “Thomas Crapper” is untrue.

Tractor: Benjamin Holt, U.S., 1900.

Transformer, electric: William Stanley, U.S., 1885.

Transistor: John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. Shockley, U.S., 1947.

Tuberculosis bacterium: Robert Koch, Germany, 1882.

Typewriter: Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, U.S., 1867.

Uncertainty principle: (that position and velocity of an object cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time) Werner Heisenberg, Germany, 1927.

Uranus: (first planet discovered in recorded history) William Herschel, England, 1781.

Vaccination: Edward Jenner, England, 1796.

Vacuum cleaner: (manually operated) Ives W. McGaffey, 1869; (electric) Hubert C. Booth, England, 1901; (upright) J. Murray Spangler, U.S., 1907.

Van Allen (radiation) Belt: (around Earth) James Van Allen, U.S., 1958.

Video disk: Philips Co., The Netherlands, 1972.

Vitamins: (hypothesis of disease deficiency) Sir F. G. Hopkins, Casimir Funk, England, 1912; (vitamin A) Elmer V. McCollum, M. Davis, U.S., 1912–1914; (vitamin B) McCollum, U.S., 1915–1916; (thiamin, B1) Casimir Funk, England, 1912; (riboflavin, B2) D. T. Smith, E. G. Hendrick, U.S., 1926; (niacin) Conrad Elvehjem, U.S., 1937; (B6) Paul Gyorgy, U.S., 1934; (vitamin C) C. A. Hoist, T. Froelich, Norway, 1912; (vitamin D) McCollum, U.S., 1922; (folic acid) Lucy Wills, England, 1933.

Voltaic pile: (forerunner of modern battery, first source of continuous electric current) Alessandro Volta, Italy, 1800.

Wallpaper: Europe, 16th and 17th century.

Wassermann test: (for syphilis) August von Wassermann, Germany, 1906.

Wheel: (cart, solid wood) Mesopotamia, c.3800–3600 B.C.

Windmill: Persia, c.600.

World Wide Web: (developed while working at CERN) Tim Berners-Lee, England, 1989; (development of Mosaic browser makes WWW available for general use) Marc Andreeson, U.S., 1993.

Xerography: Chester Carlson, U.S., 1938.

Zero: India, c.600; (absolute zero temperature, cessation of all molecular energy) William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, England, 1848.

Zipper: W. L. Judson, U.S., 1891.

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Spacewalk (a Ninjago Fan-Season)

Episode 5: The Blue Mother

It was morning and Niel was harshly woken up by a sudden sound of a gong. Or more like the cymbals of a drum. Niel shot up and walked towards the sound that came from the halls with curiosity. He saw Master Wu holding a small gong and banging it loudly while shouting, "Evil doesn't sleep and neither should you!" Niel chuckled at how none of the ninja had woken up so he took the opportunity to be a good pupil and presented himself infrmt of the master. Sensei Wu stopped for a second and smiled, he was quite pleased, "Ahh, good morning, Niel! This alarm wasn't intended for you, however," he only nodded and grinned, "I know! But, I'm taking this opportunity to be responsible and showing you what a good pupil I can be!" The master chuckled and lowered his arms and placed the gong on the floor, "Very well." The other ninja groggily caught up to Niel and greeted the master with a big bow. Everyone's hair was a mess, including Niel who supposedly slept like a baby. Kai side-eyed Niel before noticing him staring at him and covered up his messy with his hood and pulling on its strings until al that was visible was the tip of his nose. He shouted but it came out in a muffle, "No mortal being shall see me in such a miserable state!" Niel giggled softly before turning his attention back to Master Wu, "Morning routine, as per usual but this time," he pulled Niel to the side of him by his arm, "You ninja will mentor Niel, like you did with Lloyd," the green ninja shot up slightly at the mention of his name. He looked back and forth over everyone before understanding the situation, "Oh! Okay-- y-yeah, we can do that!" Nya shook her head and chuckled at his antics.

Niel turned to the master before tilting his head, "I do want to know. What are the daily tasks for the ninja every day? Does it depend on crime or..." Master Wu hummed before smiling cheekily and responding, "Well, we have a routine for the morning. We start with..." He paused and clapped to cue for the next scene for the training montage. "Stretching Session!" The ninja were held in the most extreme form of Mountain stretching Niel had ever scene. This was the last of the torturous stretches he endured during the past thirty minutes. Cole, Zane and Niel could barely keep thselves together while Nya, Jay and Kai looked like models doing it. Niel held his breath, occasionally letting it go and panting while relaxing his muscles before Master Wu reminded him to return to the clenched position. The red ninja scoffed at the struggling team and snarked, "C'mon! We've been doing this everyday, aren't you guys at least a little used to it?" Zane glared at him before angrily mentioning his nindroid mobility, "Unfortunately, my bionic parts were not suited to stretch like this constantly." Cole kept his eyes shut, focusing his strength only to last as long as he could so Master Wu doesn't give him a punishment, "Yeah... Kai-- Lay o-off!" He was already struggling to stay still but still had the strength to defend himself, even is sounding pathetic in the process. "No? We've been together for years, you guys! Like, C'mon!" He paused, "Except Niel, he gets a pass," he smiled at the struggling trainee and gave him a thumbs up. Niel gasped in shock at how he could even possibly do a thumbs up in that back breaking position. He took the mountain stretch to the extreme and had his head all the way between his legs and his chest practically on the floor. Before Niel could even say anything, Master Wu announced it was time for the next excercise.

"Stamina Training!" Everyone was placed on treadmills, probably set to the highest possible speed before combustion. Cole, Kai and Lloyd had no trouble keeping up with the speed. Jay especially was stellar, not needing a single second to stop and breathe for a single second, his hand didn't even touch the handle bars that were in place to keep people like Niel grounded. The trainee eventually let loose and hopped off before possibly falling backwards and breaking a bone. Kai stopped too and walked over to him, he sat on the floor, his breaths heavy and what could barely be considered breathing. He smiled and patted his back, "Don't worry, you'll keep up! It was set to the lowest 'Acceptable ninja speed settings'," He encouraged him as he watch Niel look really worried and disappointed in himself, "Acceptable? What even is the bar for that?" The red ninja took a big sip of his bottle before staring back with a gentle and relaxed smile, "Thirty Kilometres per hour." He wiped his mouth and offered Niel some for himself. Niel hastily took it and drank some before spitting it out in shock and making disgusted noises, "Aughh! What even is that!?" "Kai Juice," Cole replied while stepping off his treadmill. Niel stared back with a grinched up face before doing a double take on that statement. Cole understood the very inappropriate implications and explained further, "I-it's coffee mixed with energy drinks, sugar aaaaaand a hint of Master Wu's explosivi-tea." Niel dry heaved at the revelation as Master Wu announced the next routine.

"Hygiene and Self-Care!" Jay pounded at the bathroom door before shouting out, "Kaiiiii! You've been in there for thirty minutes! What's taking you so long?" He whined. Some shuffling noises were heard from inside before he poked his soaking head out, the spikes in his hair already present, "I have a very meticulous self-care routine so unless you're ugly, you should understand the efforts I do to keep myself presentable." He shut the door again as the water ran again. Cole walked up to the door before clicking his tongue in annoyance and barging in without warning. Niel just watched with Lloyd the whole situation go down. They could hear Kai screaming in shock before the scolding. Then he stopped and stuttered out a few shouts of protest, something along the lines of Cole invading his privacy. Then, the water ran again. Nya came up to behind the line and explained to Niel, "This happens everytime it's Kai's turn. Same story, different day."

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Everything was done and the ninja head to the basement where PIXAL, Zane and Master Wu was already there. The monitors showed spots of crime activity throughout the city and it was going to be time for which team gets to choose what. There were three currently: one downtown with just some hooligans terrorising the citizens with knives, a problem between a serpentine being discriminated by a store clerk and the Mechanic being an absolute menace in a clothing factory. The ninja didn't stop arguing over who takes what until they realized Niel was there and had to tag along as they were mentors and had to keep an eye on him. They all glanced at each other before nodding and Nya asked him, "Okay, Niel. Who do you want to go with?" The trainee thought before asking who was taking what job. Cole grunted, "That's why we need you to choose who you want to go with. That ninja will be taking an easier and lighter job so you're not totally in danger," he explained. Niel groaned and crossed his arms, "Seriously? I'm going with whoever doing's the hooligans. I like beating up bullies." Cole's eyes lit up. He liked Niel's train of thought, especially after the promise he made his mother. The earth ninja had his hands on his shoulders and shaking him left and right a tiny bit out of excitement, "I call dibs on Niel!" Lloyd nodded and took the leader stance and began giving orders, "Okay, then that's settled. Kai, Nya, take the store clerk. Zane, Jay, take the mechanic. Cole, Niel and I will take those hooligans." Kai moved forward in protest, "Oh wait, hold on! Why do WE get the boring job?" Zane held his shoulder and spoke seriously with him, "Kai, the last time you faced the mechanic, you nearly burned down an orphanage." "Oh, come on! That was a mistake! Jay was there, it could've been him!"

After Nya put her brother in place, the discussion was over and she dragged him to their shared car and left for the scene. Zane and Jay hurried off in their road-rider and jet respectively while Cole, Lloyd and Niel stayed a little to discuss who Niel would ride along with. After the traumatic experience with the car, Niel took the decision to just tag along with the green ninja instead. Master Wu waved goodbye for them to leave but not before he told Niel he had something for him. Niel turned back to him and asked him, "Oh? What is it, master?" The Sensei pulled out a cloth from behind him, a ninja mask that had a mint colour that matched with his hoodie, "Put this on. You're one of us now." Niel took it gratefully and examined it. He pulled it over his head, adjusting it under the rim of his glasses before gasping and feeling it on his face, "This fits like magic! Thank you, master!" He bowed before running off and catching up with Lloyd who was already on his speeder. He hopped on and held tight to the green ninja as they sped off to the scene downtown.

Lloyd and Niel were there first and Cole was lagging behind due to the sheer size of his car. The green ninja hopped off but Niel was told to stay back and just sit on his bike. He moved forward and tool hold of the steering wheel, in case he needed a quick get away. Cole and Lloyd approached the hooligans and shouted out their team catchphrase, "Not so fast!" The trainee muttered under his breath a sarcastic, "Really?" But, of course, Lloyd overheard and shrugged, "Yeah, I don't know who made it official, but it is!" Cole drew out his hammer and chuckled, "Lloyd it was you!" "What? Nooo!" The four thugs turned towards them with their knives in hand, they were in the middle of trying to rob an old lady. They charged at them and Lloyd and Cole did as well. It was just measly hand-to-hand, so of course Lloyd and Cole took them down in no time. Not until one of them whistles loudly and called for back up. A few moments later, five more bikes and thugs showed up and surrounded the three ninja. Niel was already freaking out a bit, none of them expected this at all.

One of the thugs picked Niel up by the collar and threatened to beat him up if they don't leave, "I-I... Uhh... It's my first day actually! I'm just tagging alo--" "Zip it!" The now mint ninja was cut off mid-sentence. He thought his rambling might've worked. Lloyd was too distracted with getting tackled to other thugs and Cole was busy trying to get three small ones off his back. Niel was at a loss as the person holding him was much bigger and stronger. Until, for some reason, he looked up. He squinted his eyes to look for that comet and sure enough, there it was. A small blue tint in the sky, barely visible. By some instinct, he focused on it. He stared and thought hard at what he wanted the thug to do. Like magic, the thug's grip loosened and he was able to drop on to the ground on his feet. Niel kicked him in the shins and knocked him down. Cole had thrown off the three he was fighting against the pavement and promptly knocked them out and Lloyd had already tied up the other two. They returned to Niel on the ground, in front of the fallen criminal and saw that he was unharmed. Lloyd ran up to him, "Niel! Are you oka--" he stopped mid-sentence when he noticed him being awfully quiet.

He moved to the front of him and saw his eyes glow purple and he was still. Cole was about to approach him but suddenly, Niel grabbed Lloyd by the shoulders and threw him hard against a brick wall. He hit his head and was knocked out cold from Niel's sheer strength. Cole exclaimed, "What!? Why'd you do--" he was cut off with the mint ninja giving him a good punch in the nose. He was thrown back a bit by it and held his nose that slowly trickled out blood. He saw the blood drip onto his hand and wiped it to the side. He threw away his weapon and clenched his fist, "Alright, I'm just gonna hold him off until it wears off. Don't hurt him," Cole reminded himself. Niel marched to him, a demented look in his eyes. That eerie purple glow was just unnerving to see again. Niel threw a good pucnh at him but he blocked. The mint ninja kept going hard on him but he endured. Kai and Nya arrived on the scene. The red ninja took a minute to process what was going on before leaping into action and defending his teammate. He was about to kick the attacker from behind when he noticed the hood, "Niel!?" He exclaimed in surprise. Niel turned his head around and stared at him. That wasn't Niel. Kai was stuck in place, as if he were some sort of spell. Niel approached him slowly, his footsteps became heavier and heavier and a raspy breath came out of him.

Kai shut his eyes, unable to do anything else until the trainee collapsed on to the ground and Kai took a step back, broken from that spell. His body rolled onto the ground and stayed still for awhile before Niel's eyes shot open and he gasped. He jumped up and sat up quickly, gasping for air and frantically looked at his surroundings, "What happened!?" The glow was gone and his eyes remained the deep purple they were used to. Nya ran up to him and held him by his shoulder, "Niel! Are you alright?" The mint ninja rubbed his head little, trying to snap himself out of the corruption then he remembered, "Lloyd!" He lept to his feet and ran towards the unconscious green ninja. He was about to reach out and shake him awake when Kai intervened and drew his sword and pointed it at Niel, "Nobody hurts the green ninja," he grumbled. Now, he just felt awful. He was new and caused so much more trouble for them. He hurt the Green ninja himself and beat up the leader of the team with his own fists. He was about to turn around and leave in shame when Nya placed her hand on Kai's sword arm and pushed it down slightly, "No, Kai. It's the corruption. He can't control it." They were silent before Cole came up to the group and said, "We need to find a solution to this problem. One way or another."

Lloyd stumbled on his feet as he groaned, the pain in his head was still strong. He blinked his eyes a few times before screaming out in fear at Niel. They all were a bit stratled, "Lloyd! You're okay!" Niel exclaimed in happiness, "Barely. You threw me against a wall!" Kai glared at him before the mint ninja tried to defend himself with an excuse. It all proved to be fruitless when he assessed the situation himself. Cole helped Lloyd up by his hand as the green ninja continued, "I knew you should've just gone home instead of joining us. Why did I ever trust you?" Cole looked at the two, Niel looking really sorry and Lloyd looking pretty bruised up and furious, "No. This isn't his fault. This corruption he's in is the reason for everything that's happening, so we either help him or more people gets hurt." Kai grumbled before pulling off his mask, "Fine, let's take him to Master Wu. Where did he say he was going to again?" "Library of Domu. It's pretty far..." Lloyd replied before taking off his own mask and calling for the others over their headsets, "Zane, Jay. Are you there?" From their end, Lloyd could hear Jay screaming in anger as Zane tried to talk calmly, "He got away. Why? Do you need us?" "No but it's just--"

Suddenly, a huge explosion was heard from the sky. A big boom that echoed like a nuclear bomb was set off far away in space. The ninja looked up towards the noise before Kai noticed something bright in the sky, "What is that?" He pointed at the blue glint that seemed to be getting bigger in the sky, "I don't know but we should look at it through a telescope. It seemed to be far off in space." Cole and everyone else pull on their masks before hopping onto their vehicles, "Zane, Jay and everyone to the Bounty!" Lloyd communicated and they sped off.

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"Nya, what do you see?" Lloyd asked the water ninja at the big telescope on the bounty. She quinted her eyes, still unable to properly recognize it, "I don't know... It looks like a big meteor or or... Some sort of comet. It's blue, that's for sure," she passed it on to Zane. Maybe a nindroid has better chances of analyzing it. Zane's eyes popped up when he was able to find this exact comet in his database, "You're right, Nya. It is a comet," he zoomed in even more and hooked it up to the big monitor on the bounty as he stood in front of it. "It is about five hundred kilometres across, travelling about four hundred thirteen kilometres per hour and was said to have almost hit earth a few years ago." He pressed a few buttons, pulling up some article from a few years ago about the same galactic entity, "Scientist named it "The Blue Mother" after estimating that it would've hit earth and destroyed it. It flew past and left the solar system." He stopped talking, turning him towards his friends and explaining again with a bit of a worried tone, "They said it would've never returned but it seemed to have came back and I estimate it would not miss this time." The ninja all gasped at the discovery. Lloyd asked, "In how many days will it arrive?" "By estimation... Twenty eight days." Niel stepped up before pointing at the screen, "That's the comet that talked to me in my dream! I remember," Jay groaned loudly, "Now is not the time to talk about your prophetic dreams! It's time to warn people in Ninjago!" Cole held his friends back before telling him lolwy, "Let him finish Jay. Maybe it's a clue to how to stop it," he looked back to Niel who then continud with his story, "In my dream, it told me it was my mother and it gave life to me. I was one among many apparently, and I heard it say to me last night 'I'm coming for you'."

Jay was very clearly creeped out and said again, "Niel, this comet is hurling towards earth and you telling us it's coming for you specifically is NOT HELPFUL! You're ON earth! It's gonna kill us ALL!" Jay screamed in horror as he slowly lost his marbles. Nya had an unimpressed look on her face and replied to him, "Jay, screaming isn't going to solve the problem..." He inhaled then exhaled, trying to calm himself down, "Okay, what should we do?" Kai gathered everyone and said, "First, we need to find Master Wu and tell him about all of this. Then, we look for a way to stop it. To the library of Domu!"

Master Wu had just finished reading the last scroll. He was getting more anxious. He had been sitting there for days, drinking hundreds of cups of tea yet he couldn't bring anything to the table. He was just about to look for another way until he noticed a bunch of people gathered around a big open window. They were mumbling among themselves at something in the sky. Curious, he followed and looked from a different window and that's when he saw it; a blue glint in the sky, almost outshining the sun itself. That's when memories flooded. "The Blue Mother..." He rushed back to his scroll and looked for a part which mentioned this comet. He read under his breath, "It will search for it's child, the current Elemental Master of Stars and will not stop until it found it's child or is destroyed by it's own kin." He kept reading some more. He had never heard of this elemental master before, the information on The Blue Mother so far had been from a more scientific view. He moved to the section of the scrolls that had information on the Elemental Master of Stars and read again, "The power of this element has the ability to move stars and comets at will. Though not strong enough to move it by a wide distance, it can very much change the condition of anything the elemental master associates with the star or comet." He breathed in and out. The chance of finding this elemental master is hardly possible but he will not quit until the Blue Mother ceases.

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