#chien-shiung wu

[soulstar177]

More people should know about Chien-Shiung Wu, a famous physicist known for her work in nuclear and particle physics. She is soooo cool.

Her accomplishments include but are not limited to her work on the Manhattan Project, the Wu experiment, and work on beta decay. The Wu experiment was designed and named after her and showed conservation of parity is violated by weak interaction (I don’t know what this means I am not a physicist). Due to the impact of this experiment, her colleagues who had approached Wu due to her work in beta decay spectroscopy and proposed investigating parity for weak interactions won the Nobel prize; during their acceptance speech they thanked Wu and afterwards tried to nominate her for a future Nobel prize. In fact, she was nominated for the Nobel prize at least 7 times before 1966 (they stopped letting ppl know who had been nominated at this point).

Anyway everyone should go look up more stuff on her she is so cool.

#chien-shiung Wu #women in stem #maybe I should post about noether next

[lindahall]

Chien-Shiung Wu – Scientist of the Day 

Chien-Shiung Wu, a Chinese-American experimental physicist, was born May 31, 1912, in Jiangsu province, China.  

read more...

#Chien-Shiung Wu #nuclear physics #histsci #histSTM #20th century #history of science #Ashworth #Scientist of the Day

[scarcelyodd]

I've begun playing around with chatGPT as a way of learning about a wider variety of physicists. In this first go, I asked about underrepresented physicists in general:

"There have been many talented and accomplished physicists throughout history who have been underrepresented or overlooked due to a variety of factors such as discrimination, bias, and lack of opportunities. Here are a few examples of underrepresented physicists:

There have been many talented and accomplished physicists throughout history who have been underrepresented or overlooked due to a variety of factors such as discrimination, bias, and lack of opportunities. Here are a few examples of underrepresented physicists:

Chien-Shiung Wu: Wu was a Chinese-American physicist who made significant contributions to the study of nuclear physics. Despite her many achievements, she was often overlooked and not given the recognition she deserved due to the prejudice and discrimination she faced as a woman and as an immigrant.

Sophie Germain: Germain was a French mathematician and physicist who made important contributions to the study of elasticity and the theory of numbers. Despite her talent and her many accomplishments, she faced significant obstacles due to her gender and was often not taken seriously by her male colleagues.

Maria Goeppert Mayer: Mayer was a German-American physicist who made important contributions to the understanding of the structure of the atomic nucleus. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, but her contributions were often overshadowed by those of her male colleagues.

Rosalind Franklin: Franklin was a British biophysicist who made important contributions to the understanding of the structure of DNA. Despite her significant contributions to the field, she was not given due credit for her work and was not included as a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins for their work on the structure of DNA.

There are many other examples of underrepresented physicists throughout history, and it is important to recognize and acknowledge their contributions to the field."

chatGPT, January 6, 2023

prompt: "Tell me about underrepresented physicists."

#chatgpt #eduai #underrepresented physicists #chien-shiung wu #sophie germain #maria goeppert mayer #rosalind franklin #women in physics #women in STEM #diversity in STEM #diversity in physics #openAI

[xtruss]

Popular Again: The Stoic Teachings of Marcus Aurelius (Depicted Above) and His ‘Meditations’ Photograph By Scala/Florence

The ‘First Lady of Physics’ changed the laws of Nuclear Science through her groundbreaking work on a multitude of projects, including the famous Manhattan Project. Chien-Shiung Wu solidified her place as a trailblazing woman of science, in a historically male-dominated field. Chien-Shiung Wu assembles an Electrostatic Generator at Smith College physics laboratory, circa 1942. Photograph By Science Source/AgeFotostock

#Marcus Aurelius #Stoic Teachings #Meditations #The First Lady of Physics #Chien-Shiung Wu #Manhattan Project #Electrostatic Generator #Nuclear ☢️ Science

[denimbex1986]

'...Anyone who is half awake knows we live in a society of male privilege and men should have thick enough skins to handle a little ribbing in a movie. “Barbie” provides a refreshing contrast to the “Oppenheimer” film in which men are running the world and the women are there to admire them and keep the house neat...

“Oppenheimer” had a perfect opportunity to not be a typical male movie, but they left out some key women scientists from the Manhattan Project including physicist Chien-Shiung Wu who was a significant team member. The sexism of that time was likely a factor when Wu was denied the 1957 Nobel Prize in physics — given to her two male colleagues despite Wu’s essential contribution to their research. Imagine the women who might have been encouraged to pursue careers in science 60 years ago had they seen Wu win the top physics award...'

#Oppenheimer #Barbie #The Manhattan Project #Nobel Prize #Chien-Shiung Wu

[averycanadianfilm]

In 1949 physicist Chien-Shiung Wu devised an experiment that documented evidence of entanglement. Her findings have been hidden in plain sight for more than 70 years

#Michelle Frank #Columbia University #Nobel Physics Prize #Nobel Physics Prize 2022 #Chien-Shiung Wu #Quantum #Scientific American

[alwaystoday]

La asimetría CPT parece apuntar a que la conciencia situacional es un atributo de la existencia. 🕉️🪞⚛️ CPT asymmetry appears to point towards situational awareness being an attribute of existence.

#simetría cpt #cpt symmetry #professor chien-shiung wu #chien-shiung wu #premio nobel de la paz #nobel peace prize #teoría #theory #simetría de tiempo de paridad de carga #charge parity time symmetry #wu experiment #fuerza débil #weak force

[cerebrodigital]

En 1949, la física Chien-Shiung Wu concibió un experimento que documentó evidencia de entrelazamiento cuántico. Participó en la creación de la bomba atómica junto a Oppenheimer y ayudó a dos físicos a ganar el Premio Nobel, aunque ella no fue reconocida.

Sus descubrimientos han permanecido ocultos a plena vista durante más de 70 años.

“Chien-Shiung Wu, junto a su estudiante de posgrado Irving Shaknov, fueron a un laboratorio debajo del Pupin Hall de la Universidad de Columbia en noviembre de 1949. Necesitaban antimateria para su nuevo experimento, así que hicieron la suya propia utilizando una máquina llamada ciclotrón. El imán de varias toneladas de la máquina era tan gigantesco que, una década antes, los administradores debieron abrir un agujero en una pared exterior y usar al equipo de fútbol para poder mover el inmenso bloque de hierro…”

Es una fascinante historia sobre una mente prodigiosa que por una u otra causa, quedó invisibilizada tanto por su género, como por sus orígenes y que por poco nos privamos de sus invenciones dentro de la física.

#chien shiung wu #fisica #entrelazamiento #oppenheimer

[inthemarginalized]

#chien shiung wu #stem #truth #quotes

[all-her-stars]

Collage of Female Scientists

Made this for my dorm room :)

#art #astronomy #physics #female scientists #women in stem #woman in stem #stemblr #stem #science #computer science #physicist #lise meitner #chien shiung wu #ada lovelace #jocelyn bell burnell #sau lan wu #margaret hamilton #sally ride #emilie du chatelet #ruby payne scott #katherine johnson #marie curie #katie bouman #mae c jemison #astrophysics #astronaut #nasa #collage #dorm room #college

[super-powerful-queen-reyna]

Here's my list of forgotten/cool women from history. Please take it, reblog it with more, spread it, learn about them, make books about them:

Lucy (slave used for experimentations on the uterus)

Nightwitches from WW2

Grace Hopper

Mary Anning

Maria Mitchell

Ada Lovelace

Kate Warne

Agnes Barre

Flora Tristan

Olympe de Gouges

Eleanor Roosevelt

Bessie Smith

Sylvia Plath

Sweet Tee

Lady D (the rapper)

The Sequence

Lady B

Rachel Carson

Baya

Tahireh

Lalla Fatma N'Soumer

Rosalind Franklin

Miriam Makeba

Alexandra David Néel

Suzanne Noël

Helena Rubinstein

Katherine Switzer

Jeanne Barret

Sophie Germain

Katherine Johnson

Margaret Hamilton

Hedy Lamarr

Betty Snyder Holberton

Kathleen McNulty Mauchly Antonelli

Marilyn Wescoff Meltzer

Frances Bilas Spence

Ruth Lichteman Teitelbaum og Jean Jennings Bartik

Valerie Thomas

Karen Sparck Jones

Dr Shirley Ann Jackson

Radia Perlman

Stacy Horn

Dr Betty Harris

Beulah Louise Henry

Elizabeth "Jake" Feinler

Empress Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire

Surya Bonaly

Dolly Parton

Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Shelley

Queen Nzinga of Ndongo Kingdom

Queen Yaa Asantewa Ashanti

Empress Candace of Ethiopia

Queen Sarraounia Mangou of Aznas Kingdom

Dona Beatriz

Mileva Marić

Matoaka

Janet Sobel

Claudette Colvin

Marsha P. Johnson

Marian Anderson

Madam CJ Walker

Frida Kahlo

Mirka Mora

Dahomey Amazons

The 40 Elephants

Diamond Alice

Maggie Bailey

Julie d'Aubigny

Bessie Coleman

Policarpa Salavarrieta

Annie Oakley

Anna Julia Cooper

Sojourner Truth

Ida B. Wells

Shirley Chisholm

Mary Church Terrell

Audre Lorde

Harriet Tubman

Maria W. Stewart

Angela Davis

Florynce Kennedy

Jocelyn Bell

Alice Ball

Lise Meitner

Chien Shiung Wu

Marie Tharp

Elizabeth Blackwell

Amanirenas

Wu Zetian

#womenempowerment #ada lovelace #j maya #taylor swift #cool women #awesome #genius #amazing #you need it

[historybizarre]

Wu took up the challenge. She would go on to perform “the first experiment to demonstrate, unambiguously and definitively, that [a] previously-held and fundamental assumption—that parity is conserved in ‘weak’ nuclear forces—was not valid,” explained her former student Leon Lidofsky in a 1997 talk honoring Wu’s research.

#physics #women in stem #aapi history month #shanghai #asian american history

[scarcelyodd]

Asking chatGPT for a list of underrepresented physicists:

"There are many underrepresented physicists who have made significant contributions to the field of physics. Here are a few examples:

Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese American physicist who played a key role in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II. Despite her important contributions, she was not awarded the Nobel Prize, which many believe was due to her gender and ethnicity.

Rosalind Franklin was an English physicist and x-ray crystallographer who made significant contributions to the understanding of the structure of DNA. However, her work was not recognized until after her death, and she was not included in the Nobel Prize awarded for the discovery of the structure of DNA.

Vera Rubin was an American astronomer who made important contributions to the study of dark matter. Despite her groundbreaking work, she was not awarded the Nobel Prize, which many believe was due to her gender.

Shirley Ann Jackson is an American physicist and the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in nuclear physics. She has made significant contributions to the fields of particle physics and telecommunications, and is the current president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian American astrophysicist who made important contributions to the study of black holes and the structure of stars. Despite his groundbreaking work, he faced discrimination due to his ethnicity and was not awarded the Nobel Prize until many years after his discovery.

These are just a few examples of underrepresented physicists who have made important contributions to the field. There are many others who have faced similar challenges and overcome them to make important discoveries and advances in the field of physics."

chatGPT, January 6, 2023

prompt: "Who are some underrepresented physicists?"

#chatGPT #openAI #eduAI #underrepresented physicists #diversity in physics #diversity in stem #chien shiung wu #rosalind franklin #vera rubin #shirley ann jackson #subrahmanyan chandrasekhar

[xtruss]

Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu, The First Lady of Physics

Photo Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu at a Gathering at Columbia University in 1958.

Chien-Shiung Wu is a Pioneer and Pivotal Figure in the History of Physics. An immigrant to the United States from China, she did important work for the Manhattan Project and in experimental physics. Her crucial contribution to particle physics was, however, ignored by the Nobel Prize committee when it awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Chien-Shiung was born on May 31, 1912 and raised in a small fishing town just north of Shanghai, China. She had two brothers and was the middle child. Although relatively uncommon for girls to attend school, Chien-Shiung went to Mingde Women’s Vocational Continuing School. It was founded by her father, who believed that girls should receive an education.

In 1934, Chien-Shiung graduated at the top of her class with a degree in physics from the National Central University in Nanking, China (now known as Nanjing University). After graduation, she worked in a physics lab in China. Her mentor, Dr. Jing-Wei Gu, another woman working in the field of physics, encouraged Chien-Shiung to continue her education in the United States.

With financial support from her uncle, Chien-Shiung took a ship to San Francisco. She was likely processed for immigration to the United States at the Angel Island Immigration Station located in San Francisco Bay.[1] She enrolled at the University of California Berkeley in 1936.[2] Her academic advisor was Ernest Lawrence. In 1939, while Chien-Shiung was still his student, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the cyclotron particle accelerator. In 1940, Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu graduated with her PhD in physics.

In 1942, she married Luke Chia-Liu Yuan, who she had met during her studies at Berkeley. Neither of their families were able to attend the wedding because of World War II fighting in the Pacific. They moved to the east coast where Dr. Wu taught physics at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts and at Princeton University in New Jersey.[3] She was the first woman hired as faculty in the Physics Department at Princeton. Shortly afterwards, in 1944, Dr. Wu took a job at Columbia University in New York City, and joined the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project researchers were working towards the creation of the atomic bomb. Chein-Shiung’s research included improving Geiger counters for the detection of radiation and the enrichment of uranium in large quantities.

Once communications with China were restored after World War II, Wu received a letter from her family. She was making plans to visit them when the Chinese Civil War started, and her travel was put on hold. Later, her father told her not to return to Communist China. She was not able to return to China until 1973. By then, her parents had died and their tombs destroyed. Both her uncle and brother were also gone, killed in the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Luke and Chien-Shiung had a son in 1947. Following in his parents’ footsteps, he also became a nuclear scientist. In 1954, Chien-Shiung became a US Citizen.

After World War II, Dr. Wu continued on at Columbia University, becoming a full professor in 1958 and the Michael I. Pupin Professor of Physics in 1973. In 1975, her pay as a professor was raised to be equal to that of her male colleagues. Among her important contributions to physics was the first confirmation of Enrico Fermi’s 1933 theory of beta decay (how radioactive atoms become more stable and less radioactive). She also played a crucial role in an important advancement in atomic science. In 1956, physicists Tsung-Dao Lee (at Columbia University) and Chen Ning Yang (Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton) asked Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu to create an experiment. The purpose was to test their theory that the conservation of parity did not apply during beta decay. The conservation of parity is the scientific principle that identical nuclear particles act alike. Dr. Wu agreed to design the experiment. She carried it out at laboratories at the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) in Washington, DC.[4]

To test the theory, she put cobalt-60 (a radioactive variety of cobalt) into a strong electromagnetic field at temperatures near absolute zero. The cold helped eliminate the effect of temperature on the atoms. If the conservation of parity held true, particles expelled by the cobalt-60 as it decayed from radioactive to stable should fly off in all directions. What she observed was that more particles flew off in one direction (the direction opposite to the spin of the nucleus). Therefore, conservation of parity did not happen during beta decay. The experiment, known as the Wu Experiment, is named for her. Yet, in 1957, Lee and Yang were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. Like the contributions of many women in science at the time, Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu’s work was not acknowledged. In 1964, at a symposium at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, she asked her audience “whether the tiny atoms and nuclei, or the mathematical symbols, or the DNA molecules have any preference for either masculine or feminine treatment.”

Chien-Shiung Wu continued to be a leader in the field of physics, and her work even crossed over to biology and medicine. Some of her research included looking at the molecular changes in red blood cells that cause sickle-cell disease. Although denied recognition with the Nobel Prize, Dr. Wu received many honors during her career. These include being only the seventh woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1958); the Comstock Prize in Physics given by the National Academy of Sciences; the first woman to be president of the American Physical Society (1975); the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics (1978); and the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman. In 1990, she had an asteroid named after her (2752 Wu Chien-Shiung).

Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu retired from Columbia in 1981 and died of a stroke in New York City on February 16, 1997. Her ashes were buried in the courtyard of the Mingde School in China that she had attended as a girl.

Notes:

[1] Angel Island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1971 and designated a National Landmark Historic District on December 9, 1997.

[2] Sather Tower, also known as The Campanile, is a highly visible and noted feature of the University of California Berkeley campus. Built in 1914, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 25, 1982.

[3] Much of Princeton University’s campus is part of the Princeton Historic District. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1975.

[4] None of the buildings from the National Bureau of Standards campus formerly located in Washington, DC survive. The agency is now known as the National Institute for Science and Technology.

Chien-Shiung Wu (31 May 1912 – 16 February 1997)! Chinese-American Particle Physicist Who Was Denied A Nobel Prize

— By Richard Webb

At its heart, physics is the study of symmetries. In the 1950s Chien-Shiung Wu made a fundamental discovery about how under certain circumstances a fundamental symmetry of the particle world, known as parity symmetry, could be broken – but she never got full recognition for the achievement.

Symmetry is important because by observing how, under certain circumstances, processes always work in the same way – and the circumstances under which they work differently – we can begin to draw up precise mathematical laws about how the world works. Parity symmetry says that particle processes – collisions, decays – should happen in the same way if all the positions and orientations of the particles involved are flipped in the mirror.

By the mid-20th century, the field of particle physics was booming with the construction of new particle accelerators, and there were various hints that parity symmetry might not always hold. In 1956, theorists Tsung-Dao Lee and Yang Chen-Ning showed that it was valid for interactions involving electromagnetism and the strong nuclear force. But they found no evidence for it holding in interactions involving the weak nuclear force, the one responsible for processes including radioactive beta decay. They also drew a rough design of an experiment for testing the idea of “parity symmetry breaking” out in the laboratory.

Enter Chien-Shiung Wu. Born in China in 1912, she moved to the US to do a PhD in 1936. She never saw her parents again: the intervention of the second world war and the accession of the communists to power in China meant Wu didn’t return to her birth country until 1973, and then only as tourist.

“Parity Violation Was Subsequently Confirmed By Many Experiments, Led To Lee And Yang Sharing The 1957 Nobel Prize For Physics – While Wu Got Nothing. It Seems She Was The Victim Of A Sexism Very Prevalent In Physics Then And Probably Even Now.”

Throwing herself into her work the University of California, Berkeley, home of a pioneering particle accelerator, she became an authority on beta decay, and worked on the wartime Manhattan project to build the first nuclear bomb.

In 1956, Wu designed and built an experiment at the US National Bureau of Standards in Maryland to test Lee and Yang’s idea. It involved cooling atoms of beta-radioactive cobalt-60 atoms to cryogenic temperatures in a constant magnetic field to ensure they were all lined up the same way. If these cobalt atoms then emitted beta particles asymmetrically in space, that was a cast-iron indication that parity conservation was indeed violated.

And so it proved to be. This fundamental discovery about the way the world works has huge ramifications – not least, it could provide a hint for how a breaking symmetry caused the universe to be filled with matter in the first place. Parity violation was subsequently confirmed by many experiments, led to Lee and Yang sharing the 1957 Nobel prize for physics – while Wu got nothing.

It seems she was the victim of a sexism very prevalent in physics then and probably even now. Wu went on to do much more seminal work, based at Colombia University in New York. She became an outspoken critic both of gender discrimination in science and the repressive policies of the Chinese government. She died in New York City in 1997 at the age of 84.

Significance: Physicist

Place of Birth: Near Shanghai, China

Date of Birth: May 31, 1912

Place of Death: New York City

Date of Death: February 16, 1997

Place of Burial: Near Shanghai, China

Cemetery Name: Ashes Buried in the Courtyard of the Mingde School

#Youtube #Women in Science | Women in Stem | Women's History | History of Science | Immigrants | Immigration | Asian American 🇺🇸 History #Chinese 🇨🇳 American 🇺🇸 | Manhattan Project | Scientists #Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu #The First Lady of Physics #Nobel Prize 🏆 #NPR.GOV

[epaulesdegeantes]

Il y a 27 ans mourrait Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997). Après avoir participé au projet Manhattan, elle a dû mal à obtenir un poste. Mais ça ne l'empêche pas de continuer à expérimenter. Elle a en particuliers apporter des résultats expérimentaux liés aux Prix Nobels de physiques de 1957 et de 2022. Malgré tout cela, elle n'a pas reçu la reconnaissance qu'elle aurait dû avoir.

#women in science #women in stem #on this day #histoire des sciences #femmes en physique #physique #Youtube

[offhand-in]

Chien-Shiung Wu

Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997): Unveiling the Legacy of the First Lady of Physics In the annals of scientific history, the name Chien-Shiung Wu stands as a testament to brilliance, resilience, and groundbreaking contributions. Born in Shanghai in 1912, Wu shattered gender and cultural barriers to become a pioneering physicist, leaving an indelible mark on the world of science. This article unravels…

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