Oh yeah also here's a screenshot of my other in-the-works project that I haven't had a lot of time to work on in the middle of trying to crowdfund our fucking groceries and survive capitalism.
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I haven't posted many updates so far in 2023, but that's directly because of the aforementioned "I'm really exhausted trying to survive capitalism." Did I mention how tired I am of begging for grocery money on tumblr? Because I'm pretty tired of having to beg for grocery money on tumblr.
Image transcript below:
A History of Queer American Animation
by Ren Basel
Thesis
The late 2010s saw a turning point in queer representation in animation, with the production of shows such as Steven Universe and She-Ra & the Princesses of Power—but they weren’t the first cartoons to show queer characters. Queerness has a long history in American animated media, stretching back to the very foundations of the medium.
Notes
Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898-1928, by Donald Crafton
Cinema had already gained a reputation as “highbrow” and “intellectual” by the 1920s.
From its origins, animation was regarded as a “minor branch” of cinema. In the silent film period, animation was considered commercially insignificant by distributors and scholars.
Steamboat Willie premiered at the Colony Theater in New York on November 18, 1928, and was the animated equivalent to the live-action film “The Jazz Singer,” bringing together moving pictures and synchronized sound.
The cinema came into existence in 1895. The specific origins of animation, however, are hazy, with the first commercial animation appearing in 1898, but no clear record of when animation technology really “began.”
Precursors of modern animation include historical sequential art such as hieroglyphic friezes, Chinese scrolls, and the Bayeux Tapestry. Other examples of proto-animation include magic lanterns, the Fantascope, slide projections, shadow plays, and other optical tricks and curiosities.
Emile Reynaud (1844-1918), often called “the father of the animated cartoon,” was a teacher of math and science. He created the praxinoscope, a gadget that used revolving mirrors to reflect drawings, which the viewer could see without looking through slits as in prior moving-picture devices. In 1879, Reynaud refined the tabletop “praxinoscope theater,” and further developed the device into an audience theater in 1892, called the Theatre Optique in Paris.
Many animation pioneers were inspired by flipbooks.
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Top 100 Films
I made this list a few days ago after feeling irritated at the predictability and staleness of the Sight & Sound list, but really I think this a good moment for me to make this list for myself. As you will see from my end of year list in a month, the emergence of a continuous type of filmmaking - Tiktok and Douyin filmmakers posting every day, Youtubers posting every few days - presents a new kind of problem for me who actually wants to make lists that do justice to beautiful filmmaking movements. So this may be the last time to even really want to make an all time list that focuses on the indvidual works rather than the directors filmographies as continuous entities. Although I couldn’t make a normal top 10 poll, and it was better in the end to have a 100 poll as an alternative to the full list, I have put in bold 7 films which I would definitely put in a top 10.
Hypocrites (dir. Lois Weber, 1915)
7th Heaven (dir. Frank Borzage, 1927)
Themes and Variations (dir. Germaine Dulac, 1928)
The Seashell and the Clergyman (dir. Germaine Dulac, 1928)
City Lights (dir. Charlie Chaplin, 1931)
Le métro (dir. Georges Franju & Henri Langlois, 1934)
The Story of the Last Chrysanthemum (dir. Kenji Mizoguchi, 1939)
Bambi (dir. David Hand, 1942)
Now, Voyager (dir. Irving Rapper, 1942)
Meet Me in St. Louis (dir. Vincente Minnelli, 1944)
Spring in a Small Town (dir. Fei Mu, 1948)
Song of Love (dir. Jean Genet, 1950)
Awaara (dir. Raj Kapoor, 1951)
Gate of Hell (dir. Teinosuke Kinugasa, 1953)
Sansho the Bailiff (dir. Kenji Mizoguchi, 1954)
The Night of the Hunter (dir. Charles Laughton, 1955)
Pyaasa (dir. Guru Dutt, 1957)
The Cranes are Flying (dir. Mikhail Kalatozov, 1957)
Vertigo (dir. Alfred Hitchcock, 1958)
Gertrud (dir. Carl Theodor Dreyer, 1964)
The Young Girls of Rochefort (dir. Jacques Demy, 1967)
For My Crushed Right Eye (dir. Toshio Matsumoto, 1969)
Everything Visible is Empty (dir. Toshio Matsumoto, 1975)
Atman (dir. Toshio Matsumoto, 1975)
In the Realm of the Senses (dir. Nagisa Oshima, 1976)
House (dir. Nobuhiko Obayashi, 1977)
¡Que viva México! (dir. Sergei Eisenstein, 1979)
Spacy (dir. Takashi Ito, 1981)
Drill (dir. Takashi Ito, 1983)
Ghost (dir. Takashi Ito, 1984)
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (dir. Hayao Miyazaki, 1984)
Sabishinbou (dir. Nobuhiko Obayashi, 1985)
Alice (dir. Jan Svankmajer, 1988)
Gang of Four (dir. Jacques Rivette, 1989)
The Stranger (dir. Satyajit Ray, 1991)
A Scene at the Sea (dir. Takeshi Kitano, 1991)
Cardiogram (dir. Darezhan Omirbaev, 1995)
The Neon Bible (dir. Terence Davies, 1995)
Kids Return (dir. Takeshi Kitano, 1996)
The River (dir. Tsai Ming-liang, 1997)
Monochrome Head (dir. Takashi Ito, 1997)
April Story (dir. Shunji Iwai, 1998)
The Silence (dir. Mohsen Makhmalbaf, 1998)
Histoire(s) du cinéma (dir. Jean-Luc Godard, 1998)
Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (dir. George Lucas, 1999)
OH! Super Milk Chan (dir. Kiyohiro Omori, 2000)
Brother (dir. Takeshi Kitano, 2000)
Spirited Away (dir. Hayao Miyazaki, 2001)
Mulholland Drive (dir. David Lynch, 2001)
Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (dir. Zacharias Kunuk, 2001)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (dir. Steven Spielberg, 2001)
Avalon (dir. Mamoru Oshii, 2001)
Dolls (dir. Takeshi Kitano, 2002)
Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (dir. George Lucas, 2002)
Father and Son (dir. Aleksandr Sokurov, 2003)
Waiting for Happiness (dir. Abderrahmane Sissako, 2003)
3-iron (dir. Kim Ki-duk, 2004)
Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks (dir. Wang Bing, 2004)
Tropical Malady (dir. Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2004)
Celestial Subway Lines/Salvaging Noise (dir. Ken Jacobs, 2005)
Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith (dir. George Lucas, 2005)
Seven Intellectuals in Bamboo Forest, Part III (dir. Yang Fudong, 2006)
Fantascope 'Tylostoma' (dir. Yoshitaka Amano, 2006)
Lady in the Water (dir. M. Night Shyamalan, 2006)
Inland Empire (dir. David Lynch, 2006)
United Red Army (dir. Koji Wakamatsu, 2007)
Paranoid Park (dir. Gus Van Sant, 2007)
City of Ember (dir. Gil Kenan, 2008)
Assault Girls (dir. Mamoru Oshii, 2009)
AKB48 - Heavy Rotation (dir. Mika Ninagawa, 2010)
Jewelpet Twinkle (dir. Takashi Yamamoto, 2011)
Spring Breakers (dir. Harmony Korine, 2013)
'Til Madness Do Us Part (dir. Wang Bing, 2013)
The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (dir. Isao Takahata, 2013)
EXID - UP&DOWN (dir. Digipedi, 2014)
Tokyo Tribe (dir. Sion Sono, 2014)
Garm Wars: The Last Druid (dir. Mamoru Oshii, 2014)
88:88 (dir. Isiah Medina, 2015)
Creepy (dir. Kiyoshi Kurosawa, 2016)
Daguerreotype (dir. Kiyoshi Kurosawa, 2016)
Before We Vanish (dir. Kiyoshi Kurosawa, 2017)
Idizwadidiz (dir. Isiah Medina, 2017)
Ending (dir. Isiah Medina & Philip Hoffman, 2017)
TWICE - LIKEY (dir. NAIVE, 2017)
Blade Runner 2049 (dir. Denis Villeneuve, 2017)
Ready Player One (dir. Steven Spielberg, 2018)
The Grand Bizarre (dir. Jodie Mack, 2018)
Eden is a Cave (dir. Alexandre Galmard, 2019)
OH MY GIRL - The Fifth Season (dir. Yoo Sung-kyun, 2019)
TWICE - FANCY (dir. NAIVE, 2019)
Alita: Battle Angel (dir. Robert Rodriguez, 2019)
OH MY GIRL - Nonstop (dir. Yoo Sung-kyun, 2020)
IZ*ONE - Secret Story of the Swan (dir. Ziyong Kim, 2020)
s01e03 (dir. Kurt Walker, 2020)
The Last of Us Part II (dir. Neil Druckmann, Anthony Newman & Kurt Margenau, 2020)
Eternal Love of Dream (dir. Yang Xuan, 2020)
おはようございます�� (dir. 小柔SeeU, 2020)
bande fucking annonce (dir. Rafael Cavallini, 2021)
高能来袭~准备好了吗? (dir. 小柔SeeU, 2021)
NewJeans - Hurt (dir. Shin Hee-won, 2022)
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Animation history
Animation essentially is the manipulation of an image be illustration, or inaminate objects. Whilst creating a narrative.
Somer early devices were:
Magic lantern: It would project an image using a mirror at teh back with a light source, developed in 1603. Directing the light through long glass slides, usually a candle. by putting the sloides together it would create movement, making the magic lantern the first instance of “moving pictures.”
Thaumatrope: An optical toy featuring a picture disk held by two strings. The strings were twirled, spinning the disk, moving images on either side of the disk into one by the “persistence of vision,” an optical illusion that tricks the eye into seeing movement long after the movement has stopped.
Phenakistoscope: Known as well as a Fantascope, or “phenakistiscope,” appeared in 1833, featuring spinning, painted cardboard disks reflected in mirrors, which created the illusion of movement. however could only be viewed by one person at a time.
Zoetrope: Successor to the above. it was a spinning cylindrical version that presented images in sequential phases of motion that allowed multiple viewers. The cylinder contains several vertical slits, which provided a mechanism for the eye to keep the spinning photographs from blurring together while in motion.
Kineograph: Latin for “moving picture,” Known as the flipbook created in 1868. It is a small book of drawings, flipped pages would form of movement, they animate a scene.
Praxinoscope: In 1877, this surpassed zoetrope, replacing the narrow vertical slits with inner circle of angled mirrors instead. The angled mirrors provide a clearer view compared to peering at the moving illustrations through slits.
Beginning of the industry they recorded H.W Goodwin with the invention of Celluloid in 1887.
The first film was by Émile Reynaud’s Pauvre Pierrot (1892) by using a longer image roll for the praxinoscope, allowed for a longer viewing time. Acredited as the first animated film because the roll was hand-painted with 500 individual images instead of photographs.
However, it is argued by film historians that Émile Cohl’s Fantasmagorie in 1908, is the first animated film produced with traditional animation techniques, therefore making it the first.
Moreover, some as well debate the producer J. Stuart Blackton’s Humorous Phases of Funny Faces in 1906. As the first animated film. He used stop-motion animation, animated characters changing movements throughout his 3 minute film.
Going further some say Walt Disney Studios’ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Which uses traditional animation process of cel animation. This process allows transferring illustrations between frames, rather than redrawing from scratch. Therefore speeding up the process. Moreover no one had made a feature length film with the aim of making the audience cry. Which Walt knew this would mean the audience can actually related and care for characters on a another level, compared to just being entertainment for laughs.
And from this film Disney and Pixar came about, and created 3D animation software, most notable with Toy store. The first break through for a 3D film. Which in turn kept developing further to now Frozen which has crazy realism with materials, elements and clothing. Which wouldn't be possible without that catalyst Toy Story. As it showed how 3D can save production materials, and time (once it got more concrete) as well as how the audience received it.
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