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gothhabiba · 2 months

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here's one that's even more bonkers that I didn't report on. it involves writers over at Haaretz being very incompetent.

on the age of chickpea cultivation in Palestine, people variously say 10,000 BC, 8400 BC, 8000 BC, 7000 BC &c. as if at random.

foodtimeline.org (which supposedly provides sources to the researcher but has betrayed me many, many times) cites: Food in the Ancient World From A to Z, Andrew Dalby [Routledge: London] 2003 (p. 84).

Dalby says:

Chickpea, one of the oldest cultivated pulses in the Near East. Chickpeas were grown in Palestine by 8000 BC.

this book is actually useless from a research perspective and belongs to what I like to call the "just some guy saying something" approach to making claims. none of the works cited at the end of the page on chickpeas (yes! none of the claims are associated with a particular work! there are no footnotes! so if you want to trace a particular claim, you've gotta look in each work mentioned! lol!) are scholarly works either, all of them also belong to the "some guy saying something" school of thought, and, most dizzyingly, none of them contain the 8000 BC claim!

okay, let's take another tack. wikipedia says:

"The earliest well-preserved archaeobotanical evidence of chickpea outside its wild progenitor's natural distribution area comes from the site of Tell el-Kerkh, in modern Syria, dating back to the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic period around (c.8400BCE). [12]"

[12] turns out to be an article titled "The Strange Origin Story of the Chickpea" on Haaretz (ugh), which is hardly a scholarly source, but perhaps it cites one! Haaretz says:

The question addressed in a new paper published in May in the journal of Molecular Biology and Evolution is historic: how the domestic chickpea arose and spread, first apparently to the Middle East – signs of chickpea domestication were identified in el-Kerkh, Syria, that may be as old as the 10th millennium B.C.E. – and onwards, the western Mediterranean and to Asia, and to eastern Africa (specifically, Ethiopia).

the particularly sharp-eyed among you may notice that "10th millennium BC" (10,000 to 9,001 BC) is a different claim from "8400 BC," but, oh well, let's click that link.

it's a paper titled "Historical Routes for Diversification of Domesticated Chickpea Inferred from Landrace Genomics." it contains no references to the finds in el-Kerkh, or to a 10th millennium BC claim, or a 9th century BC (which the year 8400 belongs to) claim; it's more about developing a model to trace spread, rather than attesting evidence for any particular date. the author of this article must have just added the information about the site in Syria from, idk, their own background knowledge? lol.

but let's keep pushing this. elsewhere in the same article, a paper titled "Draft genome sequence of Cicer reticulatum L., the wild progenitor of chickpea provides a resource for agronomic trait improvement" is linked. this paper contains in its introduction the claim:

Chickpea was domesticated with wheat, barley, peas and lentil as a member of West Asian Neolithic crops during the origin of agriculture around 10,000 years ago with the oldest archaeological evidence from 7500 B.C.4,5

also a very different claim from both "8400" and "10th millennium BC", but okay, let's try to trace this one.

citation 4 is a paper titled "Evolution of cultivated chickpea: four bottlenecks limit diversity and constrain adaptation," and it also has to do with something completely different from archaeological evidence for chickpea cultivation. in reference to the claim it is cited to support, it contains only the sentence:

Chickpea is [...] associated with the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent some 10000 years ago.

for this rather vague claim, they themselves cite two other sources: 2000, Lev-Yadun et al. "The cradle of agriculture," Science 288, 1602-1603; and 1999, Zohary D, Hoph M "Monophyletic vs. polyphyletic origin of the crops on which agriculture was founded in the Near East," Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 46, 133-142.

citation 5 is Harlan J. R. 1971, "Agricultural origins: centers and noncenters," Science, 174, 468–474. this one says, summarizing other research, that in the "Near East" (bleucgh)

barley, einkorn, emmer, peas, lentils, flax, vetch, and chickpeas appear to have been domesticated, together with sheep, goats, pigs, and possibly cattle.

the source for this sentence is G. Wright and A. Gordus, Amler. J. Archaeol. 73, 75 (1969).

okay, well, this is starting to get obviously silly; trying to trace these claims further and further back until a primary report of an actual archaeology site is found is clearly pointless, especially since at this rate the find would be from like 1954 and almost certainly new evidence has come to light since then.

let's try something else. despite the fact that Haaretz's "signs of chickpea domestication were identified in el-Kerkh, Syria, that may be as old as the 10th millennium B.C.E" claim didn't actually come from the source that they cited, surely it must have come from somewhere?

I find two papers describing the finds in el-Kerkh, written by the same team. "The origins of cultivation of Cicer arietinum L. and Vicia faba L.: early finds from Tell el-Kerkh, north-west Syria, late 10th millennium B.P." is the one that deals specifically with the chickpea findings.

aha! here, perhaps, is the source of the "10th millennium BC" claim! I suspect someone misread the title of this article, and read nothing else!!

the trouble is twofold: 1. "10th millennium BP" is given as the age of the site, not specifically of the cultivated chickpeas that were found; and 2:

"BP" is not "BC"!!!

"BP" is a metric of time used in carbon dating. it means "before present." the "present" is set to the year 1950, since this is close to when carbon dating was introduced. 10,000 years before 1950 is 8050 BC, and this is the absolute oldest date allowable based on just the title of the paper.

however, if we actually read the paper (or, I mean, skim it for a date, lol), we finally find something concerned with dating a particular site rather than making a genetic model; still better, we find this beautiful, readily comprehensible table shewing us "Archaeobotanical records for C. arietinum [...] in the early Neolithic periods", citing a specific site, the number of beans found there, the estimated date BP of those beans based on carbon dating, and a reference to the paper that details each find:

the "this paper" reference based on the Tell el-Kerkh site gives the date

9350-9165 B.P.! that's 7400-7215 BC! we have a date range at last!

other papers in this chart give estimates that are more recent (e.g. 9320 - 9175 BP), based on papers from the 80s and 90s.

so, if this paper is more recent that any other citation I found during this whole journey (2006), and it claims to have pushed the date on the earliest piece of archaeological evidence for cultivation of the chickpea back (note that archaeological is different than evidence based on literature, genetics, &c.), then where on earth are "8000 BC" and "8400 BC" coming from? I still don't know.

tl;dr: a lot of people say that wikipedia, research blogs online, popular news publications, and things of that ilk are not sources on their own, but that they can be a good starting point to help you find sources. I no longer believe that to be the case. you are better off just starting in jstor or google scholar &c. and ignoring everything else. the claims you find in the latter way may, however, still be wild goose chases even if they are published in scholarly journals. the citation webs in academic journals are dizzying and people rarely trace a claim back to its actual origin, instead content to cite a source that cites a source that cites a source that cites a source........

anyway. I share my humble stories simply for entertainment purposes only.

#hummus research saga

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dailyanarchistposts · 20 days

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skiasurveys · 8 months

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survey #idk

I have Traveled To:

More than three states in the US

Mexico

Canada (tech i live here)

A place that starts with the letter L

Austria

An island

A big city

Anywhere in Africa

Japan

A place where English is not the main language

Anywhere in the southern hemisphere

India

Netherlands

I Have Read:

Any of the Bible

At least two Harry Potter books

The entire Twilight series

Catch-22

Animal Farm

A Dr. Seuss book

Instructions to a piece of Ikea information

A warning label that made me laugh

A biography/autobiography

Dante’s Inferno

A Chuck Palahniuk book

A newspaper in the last week

Something that made me cry

I Like to Eat:

Spam

Mexican food

Brussell sprouts

Onions

Watermelon

Vegan food

Bacon

Chocolate

New things

Escargot

Hummus

Haggis

Indian food

Home cooking

Fast food

My Favorite Actors Include:

Mark Wahlberg

Morgan Freeman

James Franco

Leonardo DiCaprio

Robert DeNiro

Samuel L. Jackson

Chris Hemsworth

Elijah Wood

Johnny Depp

Steve Buscemi

Robin Williams

Jack Black

Channing Tatum

I Have Listened to These Bands:

Taylor Swift

AC/DC

Jay-Z

Frank Sinatra

Pink Floyd

Fall Out Boy

Incubus

No Doubt

The White Stripes

Skrillex

Tenacious D

Metallica

Britney Spears

Ke$ha

The Beatles

I Have/Had These Pets:

Dog

Cat

Horse

Bird

Hamster

Lizard

Snake

Guinea Pig

Goat

Fish

Mouse

Spider

Pig

Hedgehog

Ferret

I Have Seen These Movies:

Fifth Element

Gone With the Wind

Nightmare Before Christmas

High School Musical

Kickin’ It Old School

Casablanca

Predator

White Men Can’t Jump

AVATAR

12 Years A Slave

Saving Private Ryan

MASH

Mamma Mia!

Dark Shadows

Riding In Cars With Boys

If I Could Have A Super Power, I Would Choose:

Mind control

Mind reading

Teleportation

Flying

Bullet-proof

Speed

Super-strength

Invisibility

All-Knowing

X-Ray vision

Freeze-touch

Time traveling

Invulnerability

Telekenisis

I Am Scared of:

Clowns

Heights

Spiders

Open spaces

Small spaces

Vacuums

Snakes

Needles

Strangers

Michael Myers

Bugs

Tiny holes

Highways

Germs

Police

My Favorite Color Is:

Red

Yellow

Orange

Green

Blue

Purple

Gray

Black

Brown

White

Pink

I Am Currently Wearing:

A t-shirt

A hoodie

Capris

Shoes

A bra

Make-up

Perfume

Deodorant

Hat

Something with a superhero/symbol on it

Nail polish

Scarf

Pajamas

Boxers

Sweatpants

I Would Describe My Best Friend As:

Bossy

Intelligent

Promiscuous

Funny

Whiny

Honest

Reliable

Loyal

Lazy

Adventurous

Unique

Complicated

Open-minded

Well-read

In the Last 24 Hours, I Have:

Read

Drank alcohol

Had sex

Eaten meat

Danced in public

Went swimming

Changed my clothes more than once

Said something mean

Cleaned

Spent money on something pointless

Sang aloud

Met someone new

Played a game of some sort

Things In the Room With Me Now Are:

A TV

Another person

Something that belongs to a child

A pet

Food

Bed

Art

Clock not connected to a phone/computer

A mirror

Medicine

Books

Drugs or alcohol

The Last Person I Texted Is:

My significant other

Someone who sucks at spelling

A different race than me

A relative

Someone I don’t really like

Someone I went to high school with

My best friend

A person I work with

At home

In the room with me

Knows more than one language

Is female

Is under the age of 21

Someone I live with

I Am For:

Abortion

Death penalty

Amnesty

Gun control

Gay marriage

Prayer in school

War in the middle east

Marijuana legalization

Banning cigarettes in public places

Higher taxes

Higher minimum wage

Standardized testing

Lowering the legal age for drinking

I Have Committed These Crimes:

Jaywalking

Smoking weed

Shooting heroin

Shoplifting

Breaking & entering

Public intoxication

Hit & Run

Speeding

Opening someone else’s mail without their permission

Burglary

Vehicular manslaughter

Lying under oath

Truancy

I Took These Classes In High School/College:

Home Ec

Physics

Photography

Criminal Justice

Journalism

Debate

Creative Writing

Art

Music Theory

Philosophy

French

Theater

Choir

Psychology

What I Watch On TV:

Reality shows about celebrities

Game shows

News

Reruns of classic shows

Award shows

Modern Family

Doctor Who

Scandal

Infomercials

HSN

MTV

Singing competitions

Cooking shows

Traveling shows

#surveys

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mariacallous · 1 year

Text

Qatar spared nothing in its preparation for the 2022 World Cup. Multiple stadiums and sprawling fan facilities were built from scratch—as was the national team, which includes players from Iraq, Sudan, Algeria, and Portugal, among others. Before building the World Cup facilities, Qatar invested in the massive Aspire Academy, a state-of-the-art soccer school and sports district staffed with top instructors from around the world who scout thousands of promising young players starting at age 12 from dozens of countries every year. These foreigners play and train for years knowing that, if they get selected to play for Qatar’s national team, they stand to gain both glory on the field and a rare, coveted Qatari passport.

But Qatar has not simply spent money to import and train a soccer team: It has also redefined the very idea of citizenship. Like most states in the Persian Gulf, Qatar is a majority-foreigner country. There are only about 300,000 actual Qatari passport holders out of a population of nearly 3 million. Pathways to citizenship are notoriously exclusive, and only 50 new citizenships can be granted per year to those personally approved by the emir of Qatar himself. Yet 10 of the 26 players on Qatar’s national soccer team are naturalized citizens.

To comply with FIFA regulations, the entire team consists of Qatari citizens. But these naturalized soccer players are not quite immigrant-origin national heroes, in the vein of Zinedine Zidane or Zlatan Ibrahimovic.

These immigrant players all carry “mission passports”—documents that confer citizenship for the purposes of sports competition but anthropologist John McManus reports in his book Inside Qatar: Hidden Stories from One of the Richest Nations on Earth that these passports give the holders none of the benefits Qatari citizens hold: no housing assistance, no interest-free loans, no cash assistance for newlyweds, no sinecure government jobs beyond the soccer stadium. Nor are they permanent. A recent report by the Middle East Research and Information Project states that this type of citizenship comes with a built-in expiration date, making these immigrant players’ citizenships temporary as well as second class.

The fact that Qatar has redefined the very nature of citizenship—without fanfare, controversy, and with the sole goal of appeasing FIFA nationality regulations—takes this story of temporary citizen soccer players beyond the realm of Gulf labor exploitation. The creation of an entirely new type of citizen, without the same rights as those who are fully naturalized, places Qatar at the vanguard of a slow-burning but alarming regional trend. The Middle East and North Africa are becoming a kind of citizenship frontier: a region where certainty, permanence, and protection of citizenship is being uniquely and dangerously corroded. And Western countries are enabling this dynamic.

There is very little information about Qatar’s mission passports. The topic is sensitive due to the exclusivity of Qatari citizenship and the scrutiny Qatar has faced from some international sports bodies for its heavy use of recently naturalized players. The Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs only mentions mission passports in a press release saying that they can be renewed online. Qatar understands it is under the microscope—FIFA has scrutinized Qatari naturalization policy closely after a minor scandal about the Qatari handball team.

Nobody has been able to determine the exact duration of the passports’ validity, either. Neither the Qatari government nor any of its athletes have been willing to openly discuss the specific duration of this status. Two researchers writing in the International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics determined that temporary citizens are allowed to retain their original nationalities (Qatar normally forbids dual citizenship), but they are never allowed to physically possess both their passports at the same time. Some temporary citizens only see the proof of their Qatari nationality when their coaches show their passports to immigration officials.

McManus reports from conversations with Qatari immigrant players that the mission passports are occasionally upgraded to full Qatari citizenship as a reward for good sports performance. However, some immigrant players who won the Asian Cup for Qatar complained that even a year after their championship, their promised passports were nowhere to be seen. This raises questions about what will happen to the players’ citizenship statuses now that the Qatari team has been knocked out of the World Cup.

It is tempting to see the Qatari mission passports as an outgrowth of the kafala system, the infamously exploitative labor-sponsorship system that has defined much of Gulf society and has been the subject of much of the criticism of Qatar’s 2022 World Cup.

But if one only focuses on this system, one can miss the forest for the trees. The creation of a new, opaquely defined but unambiguously lesser form of citizenship is not a symptom of exploitative labor conditions. It’s a symptom of a regional erosion of citizenship. The difference matters.

The 20th century has given the region its fair share of complicated, conditional citizenship statuses. The Ottoman royal family went into exile stateless, eventually being granted French passports that allowed travel but did not confer citizenship. Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain all emerged as states containing substantial populations of bedoon—stateless residents who were not recognized as citizens and were, in some cases, denied even birth certificates.

Most significant of all are the post-1948 populations of Palestinians in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, millions of people who were eventually issued identity documents by several governments, such as subvariants of Syrian passports (Syrian travel documents for Palestinian refugees), which looked like and served as passports but faced adamant political insistence from all sides—save Jordan, which eventually largely naturalized Palestinians—that this documentation was not, in fact, citizenship.

Yet as complicated as these citizenship issues were, they were not regionally unique in the 20th century. Tibetans in exile have been granted pseudo-passports—but not citizenship—by India. Residents of American Samoa are “U.S. nationals” not possessing the full rights of citizenship. The disintegration of Yugoslavia left thousands of Roma people stateless. Issues of statelessness and ambiguous citizenship are universal in any part of the world which experiences crisis and conflict.

What is unique to the Middle East region, and what Qatar’s temporary citizenship category is part of, is a more recent, subtle, and pernicious development. Since the 2010s, the Middle East is emerging as a kind of experimental zone where the erosion of citizenship rights can be trialed. While Qatari soccer players are temporary citizens naturalized with an expiration date—even if the details of when their passports expire is not public—Western countries are increasingly comfortable denaturalizing and revoking the citizenship of their own immigrant citizens of Middle Eastern origin when those citizens are accused of terrorist activity in the region.

The very real threats of transnational terrorism and domestic radicalization have emerged simultaneously with a far-right political moment in the United States and Western Europe when some right-populist movements are claiming that Middle Eastern and North African immigrants are somehow not really American, Dutch, or British. Western security intervention in the region has proceeded alongside increasing western entanglement with Gulf nations’ sovereign wealth funds and investment in new fields beyond old relationships based on oil and defense, like urban development and education.

Along with these contemporaneous processes come new loopholes and exemptions when it comes to state sovereignty. The West looks the other way as Gulf states chip away at citizenship norms for expediency, and local governments don’t protest too much when Western governments strand their denaturalized ex-citizens in the region. Especially after the emergence of the Islamic State, with its large contingent of Western, immigrant-origin fighters, the revocation of citizenship became an appealing alternative to long and complicated criminal prosecutions.

When I first worked as a consular officer in India, the conferment of U.S. citizenship was viewed as an almost sacred act. Procedure and regulation emphasized that each case needed to be almost triple-checked, because the decision was essentially permanent. The renunciation of that citizenship was only possible after a deliberately difficult and expensive process explicitly initiated by a U.S. citizen. As in most countries, there are some enumerated crimes—such as a criminal conviction of treason—which can result in loss of citizenship but these are subject to a very high evidentiary standard and occur as the result of a trial. That isn’t quite how it works for everyone everywhere anymore. European citizens who have traveled to the region to fight for the Islamic State have found themselves subject to a revocation process which is, sudden, one-sided, and arbitrary.

In 2018, I was at a working-level meeting of Western diplomats in Ankara, Turkey, called to discuss the difficulty of repatriating U.S. and European citizens stranded in Syria. When I complained about what a headache this process was, a French diplomat honestly asked me why we didn’t just strip them of their U.S. citizenship. My jaw dropped.

Citizenship has been the definitional core relationship between a government and its people ever since the Enlightenment. The French official who recommended denaturalizing inconvenient Americans in Syria must have studied the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” in high school, and he represented a government that holds this fundamental definition of citizenship as constitutional law.

Citizenship is legally and philosophically held to be as essential a marker of identity as parentage or a person’s name. It is not something that should be walked away from easily. And now it was being suggested by a peer over lunch that it would be more convenient to erase that bond out of expediency. He was right to point out that stripping those people of their citizenship would have solved all of my problems. If their actions could be held to make them somehow less American, they would cease to be my responsibility.

Western institutions in the Middle East have led the way in demonstrating that the definition of citizenship can be changed to solve an embarrassing problem, be that one of your citizens swearing allegiance to the Islamic State or the fact that half your national soccer team is foreign. The only similarity between these examples is the place in which they happen: a part of the world where it is felt that these things can be gotten away with. Qatar is not playing games with the meaning of citizenship in a vacuum. To mix sports analogies, Qatar is taking a pass and running it forward.

The erasure of citizenship rights in these cases can be tolerated by international legal regimes because they are considered exceptional. It’s just for some athletes. It’s just for terrorists.

But it doesn’t stay that way: The model, once implemented, is attractive for other uses. No one knows what those might be. Right now, a handful of soccer players for the Qatari national team have been given a temporary, degraded form of citizenship, and this is something FIFA is fine with. But now that Qatar has been eliminated from the World Cup, it’s unclear what will happen to its players. Like them, no one can be sure of what the future holds in regard to Qatar’s limited citizenship.

No one knows if Qatar’s citizenship policy will find other uses: say, if criticism of the kafala system will be mitigated by extending this limited citizenship to some foreign workers. What’s clear is that other forms of temporary or conditional citizenship are all being implemented under similar obscurity. I can imagine a future in which other countries, even Western ones, see the use in the Qatari model and opt to extend limited and contingent citizenship to populations they accept only begrudgingly.

What the world is witnessing in Qatar is an example of conditional citizenship, a term coined by the American author Laila Lalami to describe people who, through a web of big and small prejudices and bureaucratic procedures, have “rights the state finds expendable.” Her work is a critique of the implicit prejudices that can devalue the meaning of citizenship. The treatment of citizenship in the contemporary Middle East is not in any way implicit. In a region that has made it clear that some matter more than others, this kind of conditional citizenship has emerged in an explicit, if embryonic, form. Everyone should be watching closely.

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protoslacker · 2 years

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Getting the Stories

Ron DeSantis will be in Pittsburgh on August 19. Chris Potter at WESA, the local NPR radio station, reported about the journalism ethics of covering the event: Rules for covering DeSantis visit to Pittsburgh pose ethical quandary, experts say. The gist is that the restrictions imposed by the sponsor, Turning Point Action, compromise reporters duty to the truth such that they ought not to attend.

On Twitter a thread about an imposition of a ban on donations of books to schools and a host of restrictions on what can be read and especially what can be read aloud.

In my retail work I get one weekend off a month. After that weekend off I work seven days in a row. So the last time I had a day off i blogged a couple of links that I wanted to think more about.

The first was a plea by Ahmed Abu Artema, a Palestinian journalist and peace activist, that Americans be shown images of Israel's bombing of Gaza. And the second was a piece by Nick Turse on a database tool for studying US military. Almost a quarter of the interventions have happened in the last thirty years. Despite the rigorous methodology the academics applied to their database, they feel sure their estimate of the number of interventions is under-counted. Most of the military interventions of the last thirty years have been in the Middle East and Africa. Both narrative reporting and images have been scarce or nonexistant.

Authoritarian restrictions on the stories allowed to be seen and heard imperil our ability to act wisely and justly.

#jouranalism #images #books #ignorance #authoritarian government

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jcmarchi · 9 days

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Knight Science Journalism Program launches HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/knight-science-journalism-program-launches-hbcu-science-journalism-fellowship/

Knight Science Journalism Program launches HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship

The Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT has announced a new fellowship program that will provide students from historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU) with training, mentorship, and early-career support to report on science, health, and environmental issues. The fellowship’s inaugural cohort will consist of 10 highly accomplished journalism students representing Florida A&M University, Hampton University, Howard University, Morgan State University, and North Carolina A&T State University.

The HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship will launch this June with a week-long science journalism summer camp at MIT, where fellows will learn from award-winning science journalists, meet editors from leading science publications, and develop their skills in hands-on workshops. Over the following year, each fellow will be mentored by a professional science journalist, who will work with them to pitch stories to national and regional science publications.

Through the initiative, the Knight Science Journalism Program aims to open new pathways into a specialty area of journalism that has become increasingly important in the public sphere. An overarching goal is to help make science journalism more representative of the communities it serves.

Named to the inaugural HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship class are: Mykal Bailey (Howard University), Jonathan Charles (Florida A&M University), Christén Davis (North Carolina A&T State University), Zoe Earle (Morgan State University), Jordyn Isaacs (Hampton University), Steven Matthews Jr. (North Carolina A&T State University), Sabrina McCrear (Howard University), Trinity Polk (Hampton University), Skylar Rowley (Florida A&M University), and Utrurah Whitley (Morgan State University). The fellows’ varied reporting interests range from astronomy and artificial intelligence to women’s health and environmental justice.

“We’re thrilled to be able to welcome this impressive group of students to MIT,” says Knight Science Journalism Program Associate Director Ashley Smart. “They have an incredible wealth of talent, skill, and dedication — and immense potential to do science reporting that really impacts people’s everyday lives.”

The Knight Science Journalism Program worked closely with journalism deans and faculty at the five participating schools to develop the fellowship concept and to select the inaugural cohort.

The HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship adds to a suite of efforts by the Knight Science Journalism Program to sustain and improve science journalism in the public interest, including its flagship academic-year fellowship for mid-career journalists, the Sharon Begley Science Reporting Fellowship for early-career journalists (a collaboration with the Boston-based publication STAT), and the Fellowship for Advancing Science Journalism in Africa and the Middle East.

The 2024-25 HBCU Science Journalism Fellowship class

Mykal Bailey is a sophomore at Howard University with reporting interests including environmental justice and agricultural science.

Jonathan Charles is a sophomore at Florida A&M University with reporting interests including environmental science and AI.

Christén Davis is a junior at North Carolina A&T State University with reporting interests including international economics and infectious disease.

Zoe Earle is a junior at Morgan State University with reporting interests including astronomy and zoology.

Jordyn Isaacs is a sophomore at Hampton University with reporting interests including AI and environmental justice.

Steven Matthews Jr. is a junior at North Carolina A&T State University with reporting interests including meteorology and natural disasters.

Sabrina McCrear is a junior at Howard University with reporting interests including women’s health and genetics.

Trinity Polk is a sophomore at Hampton University with reporting interests including climate change and public health.

Skylar Rowley is a junior at Florida A&M University with reporting interests including animal science and infant mortality.

Utrurah Whitley is a senior at Morgan State University with reporting interests including information technology.

The Knight Science Journalism Program, established at MIT in 1983, is the world’s leading science journalism fellowship program. More than 400 leading science journalists from six continents have graduated from the program, which offers a course of study at MIT, Harvard University, and other leading institutions in the Boston area, as well as specialized training workshops, seminars, and science-focused field trips for all attendees. KSJ also publishes an award-winning science magazine, Undark, and offers programming to journalists on topics ranging from science editing to fact-checking.

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kingy9898 · 4 months

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Myopia Research - Wealth, Locations, Demographics

Types of people, location and wealth.

Most common in Asia

Most common in ages 20 - 29 & over 70s

Main reason Myopia is common in Asia is due to educational pressure and environments

Location & Demographics

Myopia prevalence remains higher in Asia (60%) compared with Europe (40%) using cycloplegic refraction examinations. Studies reporting on non-cycloplegic measurements show exceptionally high myopia prevalence rates in school children in East Asia (73%), and high rates in North America (42%)

The recent myopia boom is attributed primarily to the educational pressure in Asian countries, which prompts children to read for long hours, often under poor lighting and on computer screens. This practice severely limits the time spent outdoors and reduces exposure to sunlight and far vision.

We identified 49 eligible population-based studies including 210,512 individuals aged 0 to 96 years reporting the prevalence of myopia from 16 Asian countries or regions. The pooled prevalence estimate of myopia was highest at 47.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.3, 75.2) in Asians aged 20 to 29 years. There was a U-shaped relationship between year of birth and myopia prevalence. The cohort effect especially marked in urban Asian communities such as Singapore and South Korea. The prevalence of myopia of 36.3% (95%CI 27.6, 45.0) was higher in adults aged more than 70 years compared with middle-aged adults, which revealed nuclear cataract-myopia shifts.

This is a snapshot of the rate of myopia seen in children based on recent studies. (Right). More recent studies indicate that myopic macular degeneration is becoming a serious ocular health issue, where it has been reported one of the major causes of permanent blindness in Rotterdam11, Copenhagen12, China13, Chinese Taipei14, and Japan15.

Hong Kong - 62%

Singapore - 53%

China - 47%

USA - 42%

Australia - 31%

UK - 23%

Chile - 17%

South Africa - 10%

Iran - 8%

In the United States, about 40% of adults are short-sighted, up from 25% in 1971. Rates have similarly soared in the UK. But their situation pales in comparison with that of teens and young adults in South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China, whose prevalence rates are between 84% and 97%. If current trends continue, half the world's population will be short-sighted by 2050. And the problem seems to be spreading at a faster rate than ever.

East Asia’s high levels of childhood myopia, also known as nearsightedness, has long been a mystery: It affects as many as 90% of urban 18-year-olds. Researchers have identified possible causes including intensive studying, less time spent outside—even the Chinese language itself. And now a new study has made the mystery even stranger.

Wealth

“We could not explain much of the large variation in prevalence of clinically significant myopia between middle income Shaanxi and low-income Gansu,” the researchers concluded in the study, this week in the Journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

What exactly is it about life in more rural areas that protects children against myopia? The use of blackboards is one possibility, according to the study. In lower-income schools, students own fewer books and are more likely to use blackboards in the classroom, which appeared to have a “protective effect” against myopia, possibly because they require more focusing at a distance.

“It’s amazing that we’ve accepted such huge numbers of people having a condition that requires correction in order for them to perform normally,” he said. “We’re so good at correcting myopia with glasses, contacts, or laser surgery, we’ve come to think of it as simply an optical inconvenience.”

In many countries, however, nothing could be further from the truth, said Nathan G. Congdon, MD, MPH, at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. “In China, only 20% of children who need glasses actually have them, in part, because parents and authorities worry that glasses will harm children’s vision. Providing spectacles for kids not only helps their vision, but we’ve also found that it has a significant impact on their educational outcomes,” he said.

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flirting-with-psychology · 8 months

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“fool for love”

I have Traveled To: More than three states in the US Mexico Canada A place that starts with the letter L Austria An island A big city Anywhere in Africa Japan A place where English is not the main language Anywhere in the southern hemisphere India Netherlands

I Have Read: Any of the Bible At least two Harry Potter books The entire Twilight series Catch-22 Animal Farm A Dr. Seuss book Instructions to a piece of Ikea information A warning label that made me laugh A biography/autobiography Dante’s Inferno A Chuck Palahniuk book A newspaper in the last week Something that made me cry

I Like to Eat: Spam Mexican food Brussell sprouts Onions Watermelon Vegan food Bacon Chocolate New things Escargot Hummus Haggis Indian food Home cooking Fast food

My Favorite Actors Include: Mark Wahlberg Morgan Freeman James Franco Leonardo DiCaprio Robert DeNiro Samuel L. Jackson Chris Hemsworth Elijah Wood Johnny Depp Steve Buscemi Robin Williams Jack Black Channing Tatum

I Have Listened to These Bands: Taylor Swift AC/DC Jay-Z Frank Sinatra Pink Floyd Fall Out Boy Incubus No Doubt The White Stripes Skrillex Tenacious D Metallica Britney Spears Ke$ha The Beatles

I Have/Had These Pets: Dog Cat Horse Bird Hamster Lizard Snake Guinea Pig Goat Fish Mouse Spider Pig Hedgehog Ferret

I Have Seen These Movies: Fifth Element Gone With the Wind Nightmare Before Christmas High School Musical Kickin’ It Old School Casablanca Predator White Men Can’t Jump AVATAR 12 Years A Slave Saving Private Ryan MASH Mamma Mia! Dark Shadows Riding In Cars With Boys

If I Could Have A Super Power, I Would Choose: Mind control Mind reading Teleportation Flying Bullet-proof Speed Super-strength Invisibility All-Knowing X-Ray vision Freeze-touch Time traveling Invulnerability Telekenisis

I Am Scared of: Clowns Heights Spiders Open spaces Small spaces Vacuums Snakes Needles Strangers Michael Myers Bugs Tiny holes Highways Germs Police

My Favorite Color Is: Red Yellow Orange Green Blue Purple Gray Black Brown White Pink

I Am Currently Wearing: A t-shirt A hoodie Capris Shoes A bra Make-up Perfume Deodorant Hat Something with a superhero/symbol on it Nail polish Scarf Pajamas Boxers Sweatpants

I Would Describe My Best Friend As: Bossy Intelligent Promiscuous Funny Whiny Honest Reliable Loyal Lazy Adventurous Unique Complicated Open-minded Well-read

In the Last 24 Hours, I Have: Read Drank alcohol Had sex Eaten meat Danced in public Went swimming Changed my clothes more than once Said something mean Cleaned Spent money on something pointless Sang aloud Met someone new Played a game of some sort

Things In the Room With Me Now Are: A TV Another person Something that belongs to a child A pet Food Bed Art Clock not connected to a phone/computer A mirror Medicine Books Drugs or alcohol

The Last Person I Texted Is: My significant other Someone who sucks at spelling A different race than me A relative Someone I don’t really like Someone I went to high school with My best friend A person I work with At home In the room with me Knows more than one language (not sure) Is female Is under the age of 21 Someone I live with

I Am For: Abortion Death penalty Amnesty Gun control Gay marriage Prayer in school War in the middle east Marijuana legalization Banning cigarettes in public places Higher taxes Higher minimum wage Standardized testing Lowering the legal age for drinking

I Have Committed These Crimes: Jaywalking Smoking weed Shooting heroin Shoplifting Breaking & entering Public intoxication Hit & Run Speeding Opening someone else’s mail without their permission Burglary Vehicular manslaughter Lying under oath Truancy

I Took These Classes In High School/College: Home Ec Physics Photography Criminal Justice Journalism Debate Creative Writing Art Music Theory Philosophy French Theater Choir Psychology

What I Watch On TV: Reality shows about celebrities Game shows News Reruns of classic shows Award shows Modern Family Doctor Who Scandal Infomercials HSN MTV Singing competitions Cooking shows Traveling shows

#survey

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alsjeblieft-zeg · 8 months

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426 of 2023

“fool for love”

I Like to Eat: Spam Mexican food Brussell sprouts Onions Watermelon Vegan food Bacon Chocolate New things Escargot Hummus Haggis Indian food Home cooking Fast food

I Have Listened to These Bands: Taylor Swift AC/DC Jay-Z Frank Sinatra Pink Floyd Fall Out Boy Incubus No Doubt The White Stripes Skrillex Tenacious D Metallica Britney Spears Ke$ha The Beatles

I Have/Had These Pets: Dog Cat Horse Bird Hamster Lizard Snake Guinea Pig Goat Fish Mouse Spider Pig Hedgehog Ferret

I Am Scared of: Clowns Heights Spiders Open spaces Small spaces Vacuums Snakes Needles Strangers Michael Myers Bugs Tiny holes Highways Germs Police

My Favorite Color Is: Red Yellow Orange Green Blue Purple Gray Black Brown White Pink

I Am Currently Wearing: A t-shirt A hoodie Capris Shoes A bra Make-up Perfume Deodorant Hat Something with a superhero/symbol on it Nail polish Scarf Pajamas Boxers Sweatpants

I Would Describe My Best Friend As: Bossy Intelligent Promiscuous Funny Whiny Honest Reliable Loyal Lazy Adventurous Unique Complicated Open-minded Well-read

In the Last 24 Hours, I Have: Read Drank alcohol Had sex Eaten meat (ew!) Danced in public Went swimming Changed my clothes more than once Said something mean Cleaned Spent money on something pointless Sang aloud Met someone new Played a game of some sort

Things In the Room With Me Now Are: A TV Another person Something that belongs to a child A pet Food Bed Art Clock not connected to a phone/computer A mirror Medicine Books Drugs or alcohol

The Last Person I Texted Is: My significant other Someone who sucks at spelling A different race than me A relative Someone I don’t really like Someone I went to high school with My best friend A person I work with At home In the room with me Knows more than one language Is female Is under the age of 21 Someone I live with

I Took These Classes In High School: Home Ec Physics Photography Criminal Justice Journalism Debate Creative Writing Art Music Theory Philosophy French Theater Choir Psychology

#survey #bolding survey #categorised survey

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shop-cailey · 1 year

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Watch "NCT DREAM 엔시티 드림 'Beatbox' MV" on YouTube

youtube

ADULT - 'NINJA TURTLES 2 ' -

REPORTER - APRIL O''NEAL -

THE - LAST ONE - APRIL - ONE -

OF - THE - MOST - BEAUTIFUL -

FEMALES - ON - EARTH - BLK -

HAIR - 4 YRS - UNIVERSITY -

JOURNALISM - APPLE USA -

BRICKELL - CITY - CENTER -

EIGHT STREET - OUTDOOR -

ESCALATORS - 4 FLOORS -

HRES - MALES - FEMALES -

HISPANICS - BLK - MALES -

NO 1 - CRIMINALS - IN THE -

WORLD - BLKS - NO 2 ARE -

HISPANICS - MALES - WORLD -

1ST - FEMALES - 2ND - WHO IS -

HIRED - BY - APPLE - MADE IN -

USA - BRICKELL CITY CENTRE -

BORROWING - THIS -

'YOUR - FAVORITE - REPORTER -

APRIL O'NEAL - REPORTING XO -

LIVE - MIAMI FLORIDA' -

POP - OVER - 400, 000 -

99% - SPANISH SPEAKING -

'APPROVED'

2% - ASIANS

RECALLING - MISOGYNY -

HARM - AND - ABUSE OF -

WOMEN - LESS MURDERS -

CHEST - SIZE - 1ST - AND - MOST -

IMPORTANT HARM - ABUSE AND -

MURDER - OF - YOUNG - GIRLS -

LACK - OF - CHEST - NO 1 -

MURDERERS - NON-VIRGIN - MEN -

N0 2 - MURDERERS - NON-VIRGIN -

WOMEN - BIBLE HEBREW - 'DO -

NOT - PUT - YOUR - TRUST - IN -

NON-VIRGIN - MEN - BUT - PUT -

YOUR - TRUST - RELIANCE - ON -

THE - MOST - HIGH - REVISED A -

MALE - VIRGIN - GOD - WHO - IS -

NOT - A - MAN - THAT - HE -

SHOULD LIE - WILL NEVER -

HAVE - A NEED - 2 - LIE - NO -

FEAR - IN HIM' - RECALLING -

VERY SEE - THRU - 2ND FLR -

EXPENSIVE CORNER - VERY -

DANDRUFF HISPANIC MALE -

VERY - BLK - HAIR - HAIRY -

UGLY - SHORT - NEVER HEARD -

OF - 'HEAD AND - SHOULDERS' -

DANDRUFF - SHAMPOO - AND -

CONDITIONER - ENTERED -

WENT 2 - L SIDE TABLETS -

MAYBE - LOUD MUSIC - THROUGH -

OUT - LARGEST - MAC - PRO - AND -

OVER - $3, 000 - WAS SNICKERING -

MARILYN MONROE - 5" 5 FT - MY -

HEIGHT - TALLER - THAN - MALE -

HISPANIC - HIS - LAUGH - IN - HIS -

MIND - SPANISH - 'ASIAN - EYES -

SO - SMALL - SURPRISED - NO -

SEEING - EYE DOG - HOW WAS -

SHE - ABLE - 2 - FIND - APPLE -

MAC PRO - LARGEST - THINKING -

GLAD - ATTACHED - (PAUSE) -

TAX - FREE - HONG KONG HK -

APRIL O'NEAL - MY SUGGESTION -

NO PURSE - SMALL - BAG THERE -

FASTEST PURSE - SNATCHERS -

IN - THE - WORLD - FAST - PICK -

POCKETS - DISNEYLAND AND -

MIGHTY - PRETTY - THE - RITZ -

CARLTON - 24/7 - FOOD - AND -

DRINK - ROOM - SERVICE - XO -

HOLIDAYS - ALSO - IN - MIAMI -

5 IN - FLORIDA - LARGEST NO -

IN THE - UNITED STATES - FL -

IMPORTANT - (CONTINUING) -

HISPANIC - UGLY SHORT -

HAIRY DANDRUFF - BLK -

HAIR - BILINGUAL - WHY THE -

ATTITUDE - NASTY - THEY'RE -

NOT - BLK - A - SIGH - RELIEF -

'HISPANICS - ARE - NOT IRON -

COOKWARE' - SHOCKED - ASIAN -

SMALL EYES - FOUND YOUTUBE -

THEY - KNOW ABOUT - GOOGLE -

BOUGHT YOUTUBE - VERY SOON -

TAX - PAID - OVER - $70 BILLION -

EARNED - HE - WAS - THINKING -

LARGEST - POPS - ON - EARTH -

KNOW - YOUTUBE - AMERICAN -

HISPANICS - DESPITE - CALLS -

DARK - UGLY - SKIN - INDIA AS -

WOMEN - THOUGHT - ODD -

WHY WEARING - NATIONAL -

COSTUME - RESENTMENT -

ACTUALLY - OF - THEIR -

VIRGINITY - HISPANICS -

LIKE - EAST - LA - LOS ANGELES -

SOUTHERN - CA PER - WORKERS -

OF - APPLE - MADE - IN - USA ITS -

AMERICAN - 2ND - FLOOR -

BRICKELL - CITY - CENTRE -

EIGHT STREET - FREE - TRAINS -

MIAMI-DADE - COUNTY - 7% FL -

MIAMI - FL - 27TH - US - STATE -

ILLEGAL - OPEN CARRY - 28TH -

TEXAS - OPEN - CARRY - GIVEN -

OIL - STATE - FUEL - LAND - BIG -

PUBLIC - HIGH SCHOOL GRADS -

FREELOADERS - RESIDENTIAL TAX

HOUSES - FLORIDA - FORMER - US

TERRITORY FR - FORMER SPANISH

COLONY - FORMER - BLK SLAVES

OWNERSHIP - SOUTHERN STATES

SOUTH AFRICA - 1, 000 - COED -

$0.01 - COPPER - PENNY -

WOULDN'T RELEASE SO -

NORTHERN - STATES - KILLED -

7 MILLION - WHITE - MALES - 4 -

OVER - 3 MILLION BLK SLAVES -

KIDS - PRODUCED - SERVANTS -

FLORIDA - TODAY - HISPANICS -

ATTACKING - 2 - LARGEST - POP -

ON - EARTH - ASIA - CONTINENT -

ALSO - SNOW - CHINA - NO 1 -

OVER 1.4 BILLION - INDIA -

OVER - 1.3 BILLION - USA -

3RD - LARGEST - MORE -

FEMALES - OVER - 334 MILLION -

BY - MEMORY - FIRST 2 - MORE -

MALES - RARE - PHILIPPINES 2 -

ANOTHER - COUNTRY - MORE -

MALES - HISPANIC - MALE - FL -

ATTACKED - ME - I WAS - TYPING -

YOUTUBE - ABOVE - VIDEO - NCT -

DREAM - HE - ATTACKED KOREA -

BRAGGED ABOUT - MALE GROUP -

'MENUDO' - INTO - ENRIQUE -

IGLESIAS - IS - THERE GROUP -

CALLED - 'ADOBO' - ABOUT - NCT -

DREAM - ATTACKED - BY - APPLE -

USA - HISPANICS - BRICKELL -

'LOOK - AT - UGLY - KOREAN -

MALES - EYES - SQUINTING -

LIKE - THEY'RE - SLEEP DANCING -

LIKE - SLEEP - WALKING - HE WAS -

IMMITATING - SIGN - LANGUAGE -

DANCING - THEY - ATTACK DEAF -

ASIANS - USE - THEIR - HANDS A -

LOT - MOST - LIKELY - ITALIAN -

THEY - SPEAK - WITH - HANDS -

NO 2 - MOST BEAUTIFUL -

SOUNDING - LANGUAGE -

LIKE - A MUSICAL - NO 1 -

PARIS - FRANCE - FRENCH -

FEELS - LIKE - SILK - 2 THE -

TONGUE - SO MUCH - BEAUTY -

2 - THE EARS - HISPANICS AND -

WHITES - 'NO - ITALIAN - NEED -

APPLY' - HOPE - U HAD - GREAT -

GREEN - ST PATRICK's DAY - US -

NEXT - 'NO IRISH - NEED APPLY' -

HISPANIC - MALE - & - FEMALE -

ATTACKED - SELENA QUINTANILA

PEREZ - EXCUSE - SPELLING THEY

SMILE - ABOUT - 31 MARCH - SAID

SHE - SHOULD - HAVE - WORN -

VICTORIA SECRET - BRAS - AS -

SELENA - BORN IN - TEXAS AS -

LEARNING - 2 SPEAK - 'RELOJ' -

SAME - WORD - A - WATCH OR -

LARGE - CLOCK - 'U CAN - BE -

SAD' - BUT - SELENA SHOULD -

HAVE - OBEYED - WRINKLED -

PRUNE - BAG - SHORT - FAN -

CLUB - PRESIDENT - MANAGER -

SHOT - BECAUSE - SELENA - TX -

SHOULD - HAVE - GIVEN - HER -

MORE - MONEY - LIKE - TEXAS -

AN - OIL - STATE - TEQUILA -

SHOTS - THEY SAID SIMPLY -

A ROBBERY - 'THE - RICH -

RULING - THE POOR' - AS -

I - SELECTED THE VIDEO -

ONE - OF - THE - MOST -

BEAUTIFUL - YOUTUBE -

AND - VIDEOS - I'VE - EVER -

SEEN - LARGEST - TABLET -

MAX - PRO - MAX - OVER -

$3, 000 - BOTH - SAID - ASIANS -

HAVE - MOONEY - CHINESE XO -

MING - DYNASTY - VASE - IS AT -

LEAST - $25 MILLION - EACH -

HISPANIC - MALE - OF APPLE -

YELLED - AT - ME -

'TURN - OFF - THE - VOLUME' -

'ARE - YOU - DEAF?'

(SINCE BIRTH - PARTIALLY DEAF)

EQUALLY - YELLED -

'JUST - GOT - HERE - DIDN'T -

TOUCH VOLUME - OF YOUR -

APPLE'

LOUDER - YELLED -

'TURN - OFF - VOLUME - OF -

YOUR - AMERICAN - APPLE'

MORE - THAN - 5 MIN - TRYING -

2 - FIND - VOLUME - OF APPLE -

LAPTOP - INCHING CLOSER - 2 -

THE - R - WHERE - I - WAS - SO -

MARTIAL ARTS - 'ANNIE - THE -

MUSICAL - L - LEG - L FOOT -

KICKED - HIS - R LEG - USED -

MARTIAL ARTS - HE FOUGHT -

BACK - HE - TRIED - 2 - HIT -

MY - L - BREAST - L - SIDE -

HISPANIC FEMALES - ESPECIALLY

LIKE - CHEST - CANCER - AND - US

CHEST - VICKS - VAPORUB - NASTY

SMILING - ABOUT - THIS - CANCER

SUNLIGHT - SKIN CANCER

MALES - PROSTRATE VERY

PAINFUL CANCER - LEAD

'THE - BLACK - PANTHER'

WAS - ABLE - 2 - ADJUST

VOLUME - HISPANIC - FEMALE

ARRIVED - 2 - COMFORT - BUT

15 MIN - TALK - NO - CASH - OF

$5, 000 - MIAMI - WIND - TO -

BLOW AWAY NO - GIFT CARD -

ALREADY - 2 - CHARGE - SO -

NO MORE - KINDNESS - THERE -

ARE - OTHER - CUSTOMERS FL -

I WENT - 2 - THE - BACK - AND -

CHECKED - THEIR - LARGEST -

SCREENS - DIDN'T - KNOW -

THEY - HAVE - DESK STOP -

BAD NEWS - TERRIBLE YOUTUBE

VIDEOS - NO - SOUND - NEEDED

NEXT - POST - 2 - CONTINUE KR

#Youtube

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letscreateafricaorg · 1 year

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Ladies and Gentlemen, Today we have a conversation with two of the most outstanding professionals from East and West Africa. @rebeccamutiso is the Manager of Accreditation and Compliance at the @mediacouncilk. She holds a Master's degree in Digital Journalism, a degree in Political Science and Communication, and is an Alumnus of the Bloomberg Media Initiative, the Strathmore Business Journalism fellowship, and the World Association of News Publishers (Wan-Ifra) Women in News progamme. She has worked in the media industry for over 17 years. @adedoyinjaiyesimi is the Co-Founder of @TheCommsAvenue, a capacity building and networking platform for communications professionals across Africa. She is a part-time lecturer for the Chartered Institute of Public Relations (UK) programme at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, and author of the book, From Clueless to Success. Adedoyin is a Communications Advisor with over eleven years' experience, and works with organisations and senior executives to strategically leverage the power of communications. She has been featured in The Spark's visionary women in 2019, Brand Communicator's 40 under 40 women in 2021, Leading Ladies Africa's 100 Most Inspiring Women in Nigeria in 2022, PR Power List (Nigeria) Community Impact Category Honouree in 2022, WIMCA's Top 50 Most Influential Women in Marketing and Communications in Nigeria in 2022, and 35 under 35 Marketing Communication Professionals in Nigeria. Adedoyin holds a Masters degree in Corporate and Marketing Communications from IE Business School, and serves as the Vice President of the IE Nigeria Alumni Board. Join our broadcast community https://bit.ly/letscreateafricaseries (link in bio) to: ° Receive an alert when we go live, ° Contribute via comments or questions, ° Stream in from your preferred social platform. Subscribe 📝 Like 👍🏽 Share 🗣 & Comment 💬 #BusinessInnovation #Governance #SDGs #WaihigaKMuturi #WaihigaIsImpact #CreatorOfOpportunities #SerialSocialEntrepreneur #DigitalStoryteller #SocialConnector #ProfessionalMediator #LetsCreateAfrica #JobsInAfrica #TheFutureOfWork #WorkInAfrica #IkoKaziKE #SOKO @letscreateafrica #KYRAfrica ° ° ° ° #businessideas365 (at Baraza Media Lab) https://www.instagram.com/p/Co_wg_6In24/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#businessinnovation #governance #sdgs #waihigakmuturi #waihigaisimpact #creatorofopportunities #serialsocialentrepreneur #digitalstoryteller #socialconnector #professionalmediator #letscreateafrica #jobsinafrica #thefutureofwork #workinafrica #ikokazike #soko #kyrafrica #businessideas365

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petnews2day · 1 year

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5 Signs Your Dog Loves You, According to Science

New Post has been published on https://petnews2day.com/pet-news/dog-news/5-signs-your-dog-loves-you-according-to-science/

5 Signs Your Dog Loves You, According to Science

Dogs evolved over centuries from ancient wild wolves into loyal partners to humans.

A growing body of research explains how dogs’ distinctive features and skills strengthened the human-canine bond.

Dogs can tell when we’re stressed, when we’re lying, and mirror our behavior, research suggests.

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Dogs have long been considered man’s best friend, and for good reason. Over centuries, our four-legged canine companions evolved to become loyal partners.

A growing body of scientific research suggests our furry friends have distinctive features and skills that allow them to perceive, understand, communicate, and show affection toward humans.

From sniffing out when we’re stressed to tearing up when reunited with their owners, here is what science reveals about how humans’ special relationship with dogs developed over time.

Scientists generally agree that dogs evolved from wolves to become the furry, fetch-loving domestic animals they are today roughly 15,000 years ago. But scientists have different theories on how exactly the split from wolves happened.

Dogs wait inside a school bus for their companions to take them to dog school in Santiago, Chile, on September 23, 2022.

Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

In a study published in the journal Nature in June, geneticists at the Francis Crick Institute analyzed the genomes — or all of the genetic information — of 72 ancient wolves from Europe, Siberia, and North America spanning 100,000 years. Then they compared the wolf DNA, which makes up the genome, to DNA of modern and ancient dogs.

By analyzing the DNA, scientists found early and modern dogs are most similar to gray wolves in Siberia about 13,000 to 23,000 years ago, suggesting domestication took place somewhere in Asia.

“That’s consistent with a wolf population from Central Asia leading to the origin of dogs,” Adam Boyko, a canine geneticist at Cornell University, who was not involved in the study, previously told Insider.

That might not be the end of the story, Boyko added. The findings don’t rule out the possibility that dogs may have been domesticated multiple times, as ancient dogs in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe also show ancestry from wolves in the Middle East.

An Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) exercises at Basondo Animal Refuge, in Kortezubi, Spain, on February 8, 2021.

Vincent West/Reuters

Though their wild ancestors are known for their ferocious nature, dogs evolved to have bigger and more baby-like eyes over time.

In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science in 2019, researchers discovered that dogs have muscles around their eyes that help them make puppy dog eyes — that soft squinting look that melts your heart. Wolves don’t have these muscles, which suggests dogs’ adorable expression is an evolutionary trait that helped them get on better with humans.

The author’s Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cece.

Paola Rosa-Aquino

Dogs may be able to smell when you’re stressed, according to a study published in Plos One in September. Stress responses trigger physiological changes in humans’ sweat and breath that dogs can detect.

The study involved collecting breath and sweat samples from human participants before and after they completed a “stress-inducing” task. Then dogs trained in identifying odors had to choose between a sample from an unstressed human and a stressed one. The dogs correctly identified the stress sample 94% of the time.

One of the study’s canine participants, Megan, sniffing a human breath and sweat sample.

Courtesy of Kerry Campbell

“This study demonstrates that dogs can discriminate between the breath and sweat taken from humans before and after a stress-inducing task,” the study authors wrote, meaning they were able to identify human odors associated with stress.

Dogs even adopt their owners’ personalities. Research published in the Journal of Research in Personality in 2019 surveyed more than 1,600 dog owners, representing about 50 different breeds. The owners were asked to evaluate their dogs’ personalities and answer questions about their dogs’ behavioral histories. The owners were also asked questions about their own personalities.

Extroverted owners rated their dogs as more active and playful, while owners of more fearful dogs reported more negative emotions.

And while several studies support the notion that dogs and owners often look alike, that’s largely because owners tend to pick dog breeds based on the breed’s resemblance to themselves.

A recovered rescue at the Denver International Airport in 2022.

Denver International Airport

Research suggests dogs are hardwired to communicate with and understand people in unique ways.

“Dogs are very responsive to the way that we talk to them,” John Bradshaw, anthrozoologist and author of “The Animals Among Us,” previously told Insider. “It tricks many owners into thinking they literally understand every word.”

But while they might not understand the words you’re saying, Bradshaw added, dogs are very good at learning to respond to their owner’s tone of voice in specific ways. “It’s almost true that the dog is responding to every word they say,” Bradshaw said.

A study published in the journal Scientific Reports in 2021 found that dogs can understand the difference between humans’ accidental and deliberate actions — or, in other words, when we screw up.

Dogs were fed through the gap before the experimenter started to withhold the reward intentionally or unintentionally.

Josepha Erlacher

The experiment involved 51 dogs who were taught they’d get tasty treats from a human through a gap in a glass partition. Then researchers looked at how dogs reacted when food rewards were withheld from them.

In the study, dogs waited much longer to retrieve the treat when the researcher purposefully withheld it than when the researcher dropped it or couldn’t get it through the glass partition. That finding suggests dogs can distinguish between humans’ intentional actions and unintentional ones.

“Dogs’ communicative skills uniquely position them to fill the niche that they do alongside humans,” Emily Bray, a canine-cognition researcher at the University of Arizona, Tucson, previously told Insider in an email. “Many of the tasks that they perform for us, now and in the past (i.e. herding, hunting, detecting, acting as service dogs), are facilitated by their ability to understand our cues.”

Dog happy to see owner.

Madoka Nakamura

It’s common to see dogs overjoyed to be reunited with their owners.

In a study published in Current Biology in August, researchers recruited 22 dogs and their owners. First, researchers measured tear volume in dogs’ eyes during a normal interaction with their owners, as a baseline. Then, following five to seven hours spent away from their owner, researchers measured tear volume on the surface of the dogs’ eyes each time they were reunited.

After a long period of separation, the dogs’ eyes were brimming with tears when they saw their owner.

“We found that dogs shed tears associated with positive emotions,” Takefumi Kikusui, the study’s lead author and a veterinary researcher at Azabu University in Japan, said in a press release.

This behavior may be related to dogs producing more oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” when they see their owners. Oxytocin also plays a role in emotional bonding in humans.

#Dog News

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drgreg · 2 years

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Surgeons For Little Lives Get In Contact, Donations & Volunteer

Groote Schuur is certainly one of 10 Hospitals around the country that have been identified to obtain funding from our Covid-19 Relief Project. Her apply intends to address the needs of kids and adolescents with emotional, scholastic and behavioral difficulties, and psychiatric issues dr gregory whereas supporting and guiding parents and households within the process. She stays an lively member of the local subgroup of SASOP and is a member of the Gauteng Association of Infant Mental Health . Dr Duncan’s expertise in psychiatry and youngster and adolescent psychiatry is broad.

However, on Tuesday final week, family, associates and paramedics from the Crisis Medical staff celebrated his bravery and recovery with a special hand-over. Dr. Gregory Jantz helps outline what an addiction is, contrasting it with other practices that don’t intrude with daily dwelling, and what drives folks to dependancy. He discusses varied types of widespread addictions, similar to opioids, eating problems, sexual or relationship addictions, and expertise. He talks about a variety of the dynamics of habit within the Christian community, such as disgrace, accountability and the significance of receiving God’s love and forgiveness. He additionally tackles the tough questions on intervention for relations who refuse to seek help. He also maintains Academic affiliations by hosting and mentoring different surgeons as well as by being a Peer Reviewer for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal as properly as the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open Journal.

While chiropractic is a drug free therapeutic alternative for neuro muscular skeletal complaints, your physician of chiropractic is trained to enhance the work of other medical specialists. And will advocate session with the appropriate specialist if he or she considers it essential and in the most effective dr gregory pursuits of the patient. After completing his pre-graduate medical studies and specialising in General Surgery, he sub-specialised and completed the South African College of Medicine's exams in Vascular Surgery. His follow is devoted to the therapy of sufferers with vascular disease.

He is broadly thought to be a thought chief in digitalisation, convergence, technological disruption and business strategy. Previously, amongst different roles, Brian was Group Chief Operating Officer and Group Chief Commercial Officer at the Telkom Group, in addition to British Telekom’s Vice President for Middle East and Africa. Brian has a MSc in Engineering and obtained his PhD from University College London in 1992. He is an acclaimed speaker on digital transformation and its socio-economic impacts. “The outcomes in contrast most favourably with those achieved at the most effective robotic centres anywhere else on the planet,” Dr Boustead observed.

I believe in giving all infants one of the best begin in life and skilled as an instructor in new child life help and have developed a neighborhood newborn life support course and proceed to show medical students during their elective research periods. I am dedicated to maintaining excessive standards in all elements of new child care and I consider within the holistic care of a kid from start to adolescence through updated common paediatric care. Is Dr Greg’s first e-book and explores how the healthcare system is failing, and what we are able to do to create a vitalistic lifestyle for ourselves and our households. Our staff of Chiropractors have extra paediatric coaching covering the care of newborn infants, toddlers and youngsters. We typically have families come to see us to assist with colic, reflux, constipation, breastfeeding issues, developmental delays,, bedwetting, ear infections, plagiocephaly, torticollis, allergies and bronchial asthma.

“We are delighted to be one of many preferred partners of the National School of Government, particularly as it aligns with our focus of having a social impression. Through our partnership with the National School of Government, TSB will cater for executive development,” stated Dr Gregory. As the one enterprise college in Tshwane, South Africa’s seat of power, TSB is properly positioned to ship key govt growth initiatives to government leaders, together with its present programmes that cater for the broader businesses. This partnership might be another avenue through which TSB is prepared to apply its slogan, Lead for Impact. “Robotic surgical procedure is internationally recognised as the gold normal for the surgical remedy of localised prostate cancer.

The team of lifesavers presented the uMhlanga Ridge resident with a bravery trophy and certificates to mark the occasion. For example, in March, Marnel Medical lent one of many machines to the Red Cross Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, the place the system was used to save the lifetime of a baby with a congenital coronary heart defect. Marnel Medical operations director Andre Thobois reveals that, though the machines have been out there in the country for a while, the gas was not readily available, making it inconceivable to maintain methods working consistently. The machine, manufactured by Messer in Austria and supplied by the company’s sole agent in Africa, Marnel Medical, had been waiting to help save a life since its arrival at Milpark on the finish of January.

Greg does get pleasure from all facets of basic medication and his special pursuits embrace infectious diseases and the lung, significantly drug resistant tuberculosis along with sleep disordered breathing, lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension. Greg’s future plans embrace the development of a sleep heart of excellence in addition to a specialized center for lung most cancers prognosis and staging. Mediclinic Southern Africa operates a spread of multi-disciplinary acute care personal hospitals in South Africa and Namibia and focuses on providing worth to our patients by way of secure, high quality care in a patient friendly setting. Dr Unéné Gregory, liable for advertising and special projects at TSB, detailed the school’s excitement to be making such a contribution to the South African society.

She has worked in both outpatient and high-care inpatient settings, with involvement in child and family-centred work in addition to rehabilitation psychiatry in mentally disabled children and youth. As part of her present follow, Dr Duncan is concerned in the inpatient therapy of adolescents with emotional difficulties. She lately contributed a chapter to a reference e-book on mental health matters in children who have suffered maltreatment.

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rollibazar · 2 years

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Cartographer hand of fate 2

The range and scope of Arrighi’s work-from his analysis of settler capitalism in Southern Africa to Adam Smith in Beijing, which traces the rise of Chinese-led East Asia as the new workshop of the world-is an astonishing achievement. Arrighi joined the faculty in the late 1970s and played an instrumental role in both the graduate programme and the related Fernand Braudel Center, as well as running various collective research groups. footnote 3 Wallerstein and Hopkins, sympathetic to the students who took over Columbia University in 1968 (both served on the ad hoc faculty committee), later migrated in the 1970s to Binghamton University in New York, which became for a time the centre of world-systems studies. footnote 2 The world-systems perspective itself-challenging the dominance of post-war modernization theory-came out of the movements of the 1960s and brought together a fruitful synthesis of Marxism, Third World radicalism and critical currents in social science, from the work of the French Annales geohistorians to that of the German historical school. Along with Immanuel Wallerstein and the late Terence Hopkins, Arrighi was one of the originators and foremost proponents of the world-systems analysis of European domination, global capitalism, world income inequalities and ‘development’. footnote 1 In his sustained examinations of the longue durée of capitalism, from its late medieval and early modern origins right up to the present, arguably no intellectual has developed a more formidable analysis of the current crisis than Giovanni Arrighi. O ne of the more telling features of the present conjuncture is the scarcity of analyses able squarely to place today’s global turbulence in geohistorical perspective. Future generations will look back on him as one of the finest lights of the period through which he lived. Moving and challenging, it makes clear why he is mourned by friends, colleagues, pupils and admirers from all over the world-East Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe and North America. Conducted by David Harvey, it was made possible with the help of his companion Beverly Silver, co-author of Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System, the second volume of his trilogy on the origin of our times, and can be read as his testament. In the final months of his life, he composed a striking Afterword to the new edition of The Long Twentieth Century, out in early 2010, and offered a panoramic view of his ideas, and his life, in the magisterial interview we published in the January–February issue of this year. He faced that prospect with an unsurpassed calm, energy and courage. In the autumn of last year, he learnt that, in all probability, he was mortally ill. Personal friendship and political loyalty were unshakeable values for him. Scanning one decade after another came ‘The Political Economy of Rhodesia’ in the mid sixties ( nlr i/39) ‘Towards a Theory of Capitalist Crisis’ in the seventies ( nlr i/111) the arresting paradoxes of ‘Marxist Century, American Century’ at the close of the eighties ( nlr i/179) his famous analysis of ‘World Income Inequalities and the Future of Socialism’ in the nineties ( nlr i/189) and his return to the fate of Africa in this decade ( ‘The African Crisis’, nlr 15), when ‘Political Economy of Global Turbulence’ ( nlr 20) and ‘Hegemony Unravelling’ ( nlr 32 and 33) became central parts of his last book, Adam Smith in Beijing. His texts in nlr are so many landmarks in the history of the journal. A thinker of exceptional warmth, integrity and largeness of spirit, Arrighi drew on personal experience of struggles in both the Third and First Worlds-the movements for national liberation in Africa, and the great labour insurgencies of Italy-in the sixties, and subsequent deep engagement with the trajectory of the two leading powers of the present global order, America and China. We publish below a tribute to him from a pupil, Tom Reifer, which gives a measure of his achievement. Of the minds produced by the international left in the second half of the twentieth century, few have been the equal, in historical imagination, architectonic scope and conceptual clarity, to Giovanni Arrighi, whose work will be read and reflected on for the rest of this century.

#Cartographer hand of fate 2

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