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sixty-silver-wishes · 1 year

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Tumblr's Guide to Shostakovich- Asides- Ivan Sollertinsky

So, in addition to my weekly posting for Tumblr's Guide to Shostakovich, I decided I want to do a series of related "asides" posts. These will be posted irregularly (as opposed to weekly) and cover aspects related to Shostakovich that don't fit neatly into one post focusing on one part of the chronological timeline. In this case, I want to talk about Ivan Ivanovich Sollertinsky, specifically his role in Shostakovich's life and music. Sources I'll be citing include Elizabeth Wilson's Shostakovich: A Life Remembered, Shostakovich's own letters to Sollertinsky and Isaak Glikman, Dmitri and Lyudmila Sollertinsky's Pages from the Life of Dmitri Shostakovich, Pamyati I.I. Sollertinskogo (Memories of I.I. Sollertinsky), and I.I. Sollertinsky: Zhizn' i naslediye (Life and Legacy), the latter two both by Lyudmila Mikheeva. Photo citations include the DSCH Publishers website and the DSCH Journal photo archive.

(Dmitri Shostakovich and Ivan Sollertinsky, Novosibirsk, 1942.)

Ivan Ivanovich Sollertinsky was born in Vitebsk, present-day Belarus, on December 3, 1902. He was a polymath, excelling in humanities fields, including linguistics, philosophy, musicology, history, and literature- particularly that of Cervantes. He specialized in Romano-Germanic philology, and spoke a wide range of languages; sources I've read vary from claiming he spoke anywhere from 25 to 30. (He specialized in Romance languages, but I can also confirm from sources that he studied Hungarian, Japanese, Greek, Sanskrit, and German. I've heard it said that he kept a diary in ancient Portuguese so nobody could read it, but I haven't seen this verified.) He had a ferocious wit, which he used to uplift friends and skewer enemies (there's a hilarious anecdote where he once saddled a critic opposed to Shostakovich with the nickname "Carbohydrates" for life), and worked as a professor, orator, and artistic director of the Leningrad Philharmonic. And yet, this impossibly bright star would burn out all too soon at the age of 41 due to a terminal heart condition, leaving his closest friend devastated- and inspired.

Dmitri Shostakovich first met Ivan Sollertinsky in 1921, when they were both students at the Petrograd Conservatory. While Shostakovich claimed he was at first too intimidated to talk to Sollertinsky the first time he saw him, when they met again in 1926, Shostakovich was waiting outside a classroom to take an exam on Marxism-Leninism. When Sollertinsky walked out of the classroom, Shostakovich "plucked up courage and asked him":

"Excuse me, was the exam very difficult?"

"No, not at all," [Sollertinsky] replied.

"What did they ask you?"

"Oh, the easiest things: the growth of materialism in Ancient Greece; Sophocles' poetry as an expression of materialist tendencies; English seventeenth-century philosophers and something else besides!"

Shostakovich then goes on to state he was "filled with horror at his reply."

(...Yes, these are real people we are talking about. According to Shostakovich, this actually happened. And I love it.)

Later, in 1927, they met at a gathering hosted by the conductor Nikolai Malko, where they hit it off immediately. Malko recalls that they "became fast friends, and one could not seem to do without the other." He further characterizes their friendship:

When Shostakovich and Sollertinsky were together, they were always fooling. Jokes ran riot and each tried to outdo the other in making witty remarks. It was a veritable competition. Each had a sharply developed sense of humour; both were bright and observant; they knew a great deal; and their tongues were itching to say something funny or sarcastic, no matter whom it might concern. They were each quite indiscriminate when it came to being humorous, and if they were too young to be bitter they could still come mercilessly close to being malicious.

(Shostakovich and Sollertinsky, 1920s.)

Sollertinsky and Shostakovich appeared to be perfect complements of each other- one brash, extroverted, and confident, and the other shy, withdrawn, and insecure, but each sharing a sarcastic sense of humour and love for the arts that would carry throughout their friendship. In Shostakovich's letters to Sollertinsky, we see him confide in him time and again, in everything from drama with women to fears in the midst of the worsening political atmosphere. When worrying about the reception of his ballet "The Limpid Stream," Shostakovich writes in a letter from October 31, 1935:

I strongly believe that in this case, you won't leave me in an extremely difficult moment of my life, and that the only person whose friendship I cherish, the apple of my eye, is you. So, write to me, for god's sake.

And, in a moment of frustration from August 2, 1930 Shostakovich writes:

"You have a rich personal life. And mine, generally, is shit."

(Famous composers, am I right? They're just like us.)

In addition to a friendship that would last until Sollertinsky's untimely death, he and Shostakovich would influence each other greatly in the artistic spheres as well. Sollertinsky dedicated himself primarily to musicology after meeting Shostakovich (his first review of an opera, Krenek's Johnny, appeared in 1928, after they had become friends), and in turn, Sollertinsky introduced Shostakovich to one of his greatest musical inspirations- the works of Gustav Mahler. Much is to be said about Mahler's influence on Shostakovich's music, to the point where it deserves its own post, but it goes without saying that without Sollertinsky, Shostakovich's entire body of work would have turned out much differently. Starting with the Fourth Symphony (1936), Shostakovich's symphonic works began to take on a heavily Mahlerian angle (in addition to many vocal works), becoming a permanent fixture in his distinct musical style.

(Colorized image of Shostakovich, his wife Nina Vasiliyevna, and Sollertinsky, 1932. One of my absolute favourite photographs.)

Shostakovich's letters to Sollertinsky, from the 20s to early 30s, are characterized by puns and literary references, snide remarks, nervous confessions, and vivid descriptions of the locations he traveled to during his early career. However, as the 1930s progressed and censorship in the arts became more restrictive, signs of worry begin to take shape in the letters. This would all culminate in January 1936, with the denunciation of Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District in Pravda. I'll go further into detail about the opera and its denunciation in a later post, but for now, I want to focus on its impact on Shostakovich and Sollertinsky's friendship.

As one of the first world-famous composers whose career began in the then-relatively young Soviet Union, targeting Shostakovich proved to be a calculated move. Due to his prominence and the acclaim he had previously received, both in the USSR and abroad, the portrayal of Shostakovich as a "formalist" meant someone had to take the blame for his supposed "corruption" towards western-inspired music and the avant-garde. The blame fell upon Sollertinsky, who was lambasted in the papers as the "troubadour of formalism." To make matters worse, Sollertinsky had long showed a fascination with western European composers, such as the Second Viennese School, and had previously praised Lady Macbeth in a review as the "future of Soviet art." An article in Pravda from February 14, 1936, about less than a month after the denunciation, stated:

“Shostakovich should in his creation entirely free himself from the disastrous influence of the ideologists of the ‘Leftist Ugliness’ type of Sollertinsky and take the road of truthful Soviet art, to advance in a new direction, leading to the sunny kingdom of Soviet art.”

Critics who had initially praised Lady Macbeth had begun to retract their positive reviews in favour of negative ones, and a vote was cast on a resolution on whether or not to condemn the opera. According to Isaak Glikman, their mutual friend, Shostakovich spoke with Sollertinsky, who was conflicted on what to do, beforehand. Although Sollertinsky didn’t want to condemn his friend, he supposedly told Glikman that Shostakovich had given him permission to “vote for any resolution whatsoever, in case of dire necessity.” When denouncing the opera (supposedly with Shostakovich's permission), Sollertinsky had commented that in order to develop a “true connection” to the Soviet public, Shostakovich would have to develop a “true heroic pathos, and that Shostakovich would ultimately succeed “in the genre of Soviet musical tragedy and the Soviet heroic symphony.” After Shostakovich’s second denunciation in Pravda of his ballet, “The Limpid Stream,” and the withdrawal of his Fourth Symphony- arguably the most Mahlerian of his middle period works- the Fifth Symphony, easily interpreted to follow these criteria, had indeed restored him to favour. Sollertinsky’s reputation, too, was saved.

(Aleksandr Gauk, Shostakovich, Sollertinsky, Nina Vasiliyevna, and an unidentified person, 1930s.)

In 1938, Sollertinsky contracted diphtheria. Ever tireless, he continued to dictate opera reviews and even learned Hungarian while hospitalized, although he became paralyzed in the limbs and jaw. Shostakovich wrote to him often with touching concern:

Dear friend, It's terribly sad that you are spending your much needed and precious vacation still sick. In any case, when you get better, you need to get plenty of rest.

By the time the letters from this period break off, it's because Shostakovich was able to visit Sollertinsky in the hospital, which he did whenever he was able.

While Sollertinsky was able to recover, their friendship would face yet another test in 1941, due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII. Sollertinsky evacuated with the Leningrad Philharmonic to Novosibirsk, while Shostakovich chose to stay in Leningrad. However, as the city fell under siege, due to the safety of his family, Shostakovich fled with Nina Vasiliyevna and their two children to Kubiyshev (now Samara) that October, having spent about a month in Leningrad during what would be one of the deadliest sieges of the 20th century. It was in Kubiyshev that Shostakovich would finish his famous Seventh Symphony (which, again, will receive its own post), before eventually moving permanently to Moscow (although he still taught for a time at the Leningrad Conservatory).

During this period of evacuation, Shostakovich's letters to Sollertinsky are heartbreaking. We not only see him pining for his friend, but worrying for his safety and that of his family, including his mother and sister, who were still in Leningrad at the time. Still, he reminisces of their time together before the war, with the hope that he and Sollertinsky would be back home soon. In a letter from 12th February, 1942:

Dear friend, I painfully miss you, and believe that soon, we will be home, and will visit each other and chat about this and that over a bottle of good Kakhetian no. 8 [a Georgian wine]. Take care of yourself and your health. Remember: You have children for which you are responsible, and friends, and among them is D. Shostakovich.

In 1943, Sollertinsky arrived in Moscow, where Shostakovich was living at the time, to give a speech on the anniversary of Tchaikovsky’s death. At long last, they finally were able to see each other, and anticipated that soon enough, their long period of separation, made bearable only by letters and phone calls, would come to an end: Sollertinsky, living in Novosibirsk, was planning to return to Moscow in February of 1944 to teach a course on music history at the conservatory. When he and Shostakovich said their goodbyes at the train station, neither of them knew it would be the last time they saw one another.

Sollertinsky's heart condition, coupled with his tendency to overwork, poor living conditions, heavy drinking, and added stress, often left him fatigued. On the night of February 10th, 1944, due to a sudden bout of exhaustion, he stayed the night with conductor Andrei Porfiriyevich Novikov, where he died unexpectedly in his sleep. His last public appearance had been the speeches he gave on February 5th and 6th of that year- the opening comments for the Novosibirsk premiere of Shostakovich’s 8th Symphony. A remarkable amount of telegrams and letters from Shostakovich to Sollertinsky survive and have been published in Russian. Some seem hardly significant; others carry great historical importance. Sollertinsky took many of them with him from Leningrad during evacuation; those letters were considered among his most prized possession. His son, Dmitri Ivanovich Sollertinsky, was named after Shostakovich- breaking a long tradition in his family in which the first son was always named "Ivan."

As for Shostakovich, we have letters to multiple correspondents detailing just how distraught he was for months after receiving news via telegram of Sollertinsky’s death. To Sollertinsky’s widow, Olga Pantaleimonovna Sollertinskaya, he wrote:

“It will be unbelievably hard for me to live without him. [...] In the last few years I rarely saw him or spoke with him. But I was always cheered by the knowledge that Ivan Ivanovich, with his remarkable mind, clear vision, and inexhaustible energy, was alive somewhere. [...] Ivan lvanovich and I talked a great deal about everything. We talked about that inevitable thing waiting for us at the end of our lives- about death. Both of us feared and dreaded it. We loved life, but knew that sooner or later we would have to leave it. Ivan lvanovich has gone from us terribly young. Death has wrenched him from life. He is dead, I am still here. When we spoke of death we always remembered the people near and dear to us. We thought anxiously about our children, wives, and parents, and always solemnly promised each other that in the event of one of us dying, the other would use every possible means to help the bereaved family. ”

Shostakovich stuck to his word, making arrangements for Sollertinsky's surviving family to return to Leningrad after it had been liberated, going through the painstaking process of acquiring the necessary documentation and allowing them to stay at his home in Moscow in the meantime.

In 1969, he would write to Glikman:

“On 10 February, I remembered Ivan Ivanovich. It is incredible to think that twenty-five years have passed since he died.”

Furthermore, Shostakovich recalled:

Ivan Ivanovich loved different dates. So he planned to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of our acquaintance in the winter of 1941. This celebration did not take place, since the war had ruined us. When in our last meetings, we planned the 25th anniversary of our friendship for 1947. But in 1947, I will only remember that twenty-five years ago life sent me a wonderful friend, and that in 1944 death took him away from me.

And yet, there was still one more tribute left to make. Shostakovich had already dedicated a movement of a work to Sollertinsky- a setting of Pasternak's translation of Shakespeare Sonnet no. 66 in Six Romances on Verses by English Poets- but after Sollertinsky's death, he completed his Piano Trio no. 2 in August of 1944, a work that had taken months to finish. While he had started the work before Sollertinsky's death and mentions it in a letter to Glikman as early as December 1943, it would since bear a dedication to Sollertinsky's memory.

The second movement of the Trio is a dizzying, electrifying Allegro con Brio- and probably my favourite work of classical music, ever. Sollertinsky's sister, Ekaterina Ivanovna, was said to have considered it a "musical portrait" of her illustrious brother in life, with its fast-paced, jubilant air. The call-and-response between the strings and piano seem, to me, to reflect one of Shostakovich and Sollertinsky's early Leningrad dialogues- the image of two friends out of breath with laughter, each talking over each other as they deliver witty comebacks and jokes that only they understand. For the few minutes that this movement lasts, it is as if Shostakovich and Sollertinsky are revived, if not for just a moment, the unbreakable bond that defied decades of hardship now immortalized in the classical canon, forever carefree and happy in each other's company.

And then comes the pause.

It is this silence between the Allegro con Brio and Adagio that is the loudest, most powerful moment of this piece as eight solemn chords snap us into reality, like the sudden revelation of Sollertinsky's death- as Shostakovich said, "he is dead; I am still here." These eight chords form the base of a passacaglia, the piano cycling through them and nearly devoid of dynamics as the cello and violin sing a lugubrious dirge. The piano- Shostakovich's instrument- seems to mirror the stasis of grief, the inability to move on when paralyzed by loss.

The final movement of the Trio, the Allegretto, seems to speak to a wider form of grief. By 1943, the Soviet Union was receiving news of the Holocaust, and the Allegretto of Shostakovich's Trio no. 2 is among the first instances of Klezmer-inspired themes in Shostakovich's work (not counting the opera Rothschild's Violin, a work by his student Veniamin Fleischman that he finished after Fleischman's death in the war). The idea that the fourth movement is a commentary on the Holocaust is the most popular interpretation for Shostakovich's use of themes inspired by Jewish folk music, but other interpretations include a tribute to Fleischman (who was Jewish), or a nod to Sollertinsky's birthplace of Vitebsk, which had a substantial Jewish population until the Vitebsk Ghetto Massacre in 1941 by the Nazis. (While I haven't read anything confirming that Sollertinsky was ethnically Jewish, the painter Marc Chagall and pianist Maria Yudina, both carrying associations with Vitebsk, were.) Whether the grief expressed here was personal or referencing the larger global situation, the quotation of the fourth movement's ostinato followed by the final E major chords suggest a peaceful resolution after a long movement of aggressive tumult and grotesque rage.

Shostakovich would continue to grieve and remember Sollertinsky, but the ending of this piece- composed over the course of about nine months- perhaps implied closure and healing. In the following years, the war would end, Shostakovich would form new connections (such as a lasting friendship with the composer Mieczyslaw Weinberg), and, as he had done through tragedy before, would continue to write music. Sollertinsky was gone, but left a mark on Shostakovich's life and work, his memory carried in every musical joke and Mahlerian quotation that found its way onto the page.

(Shostakovich at Sollertinsky's grave, 1961, Novosibirsk.)

(By the way, check the tags. ;) )

#shostakovich #dmitri shostakovich #tumblr's guide to shostakovich #classical music #music history #soviet history #ivan sollertinsky #russian history #classical music history #composer #music #history #also fun fact sollertinsky and shostakovich almost wrote a don quixote ballet together but that didn't work out bc shost got denounced #they had an inside joke about a fake composer named persianinov. they invented goncharov you guys #there's one letter from shost to sollertinsky about the time a ballet worker tricked another worker into eating goat shit #sollertinsky would apparently come over to shost's house and sing mahler symphonies in a 'high squeaky voice'#like from memory #they'd write riddles to each other in letters #i love them so much #they are everything to me #apparently they'd also run over to each others' houses to deliver letters if they couldn't see each other #in leningrad ofc #sollertinsky got REALLY PISSED once bc someone suggested changing a bit of shost's music in lady macbeth it was really funny #shost once said sollertinsky had a 'magical influence on the female sex' and like . look at him #he's not wrong #oh btw it's 3 am and I have work tomorrow #oh one last fact they loved to go on roller coasters together (in russia they call them 'american mountains') but #the one they liked burned down lol

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fantasticalleigh · 4 months

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LEIGH'S RIDICULOUSLY BIG TBR/TBW LISTS

like i mentioned before i am too busy/hesitant to actually consume a lot of new media (or at least be able to focus on it) so i'm critically behind on so much stuff. don't judge me pls :S lmao

anything in bold is something that i've begun but not finished :P tagging @snow-in-the-desert bc you expressed interest in seeing the lists!

TO READ:

The Love Hypothesis - Ali Hazelwood

The Hurricane Wars - Thea Guanzon

Winter's Promise - Christelle Dabos

The Stand - Stephen King

North and South - Elizabeth Gaskell

The Nightingale - Kristin Hannah

Little Women - Louisa May Alcott

Work - Louisa May Alcott

Don Quixote - Miguel de Cervantes

Dr. Sleep - Stephen King

The Secret History - Donna Tartt

The Last Duel - Erik Jager

Portrait of a Lady - Henry James

The Song of Achilles - Madeline Miller

The Age of Innocence - Edith Wharton

The Great Mortality - John Kelly

Dead by Sunset - Ann Rule

Dracula - Bram Stoker

It's Lonely at the Center of the Earth - Zoe Thorogood

The Great Influenza - John M. Barry

The Monster of Florence - Douglas Preston

The Lottery and other stories - Shirley Jackson

Helter Skelter - Vincent Bugliosi with Curt Gentry

White Noise - Don DeLilo

Icebreaker - Hannah Grace

She Is a Haunting - Trang Thanh Tran

This Thing Between Us: A Novel - Gus Moreno

Parable of the Sower - Octavia E. Butler

^^ This is an incomplete list--I know there are others but these are the books I've bought over the past couple years and have not yet finished/ready. They are stacked on my desk and around my room, silently accusing me of neglect. I wither in shame. The rest of the list escapes me currently. This also doesn't include the tbrs currently on my e-reader since I can't remember where it is to see what's on there.

MOVIES/MEDIA TO WATCH:

Any Adam Driver movie that isn't on Netflix (House of Gucci, Annette, Paterson etc.) I have seen the Last Duel, Blackkklansman, This is where I leave you, Marriage Story, White Noise, Frances Ha and a few others). I know Ferarri is in theaters right now but I've kind of developed a phobia of theaters since 2020 :S

a ridiculous number of documentaries/video essays on youtube that I do not have the energy to go look for right now

Fall of the House of Usher (I love Mike Flanagan's work but I'm still hooked on Midnight Mass and Daddy Father Prewitt)

The Haunting of Bly Manor (I know everyone was obsessed with this and I meant to watch it but I was reading the Turn of the Screw when it came out and didn't want to get spoiled for it so I avoided it like the plague and finished the book but never got to watching the show)

Blue Eye Samurai

The Beguiled

Ugly Betty (I'm actually on season 2 and it's charming and funny but holy shit the amount of body shaming/slut shaming/ homophobia in this show. definitely a product of its time.)

Anne with an E

Fleabag (never finished it but thought it was amazing)

What we do in the shadows (have seen all but the most current season)

Reservation dogs

The Batman (2023)

Black Swan

The Crown

Band of Brothers

Demon Slayer

Whiplash

Wolf of Wall Street

Birds of Prey

Downton Abbey

Peaky Blinders

Nimona

Drag me to Hell

Forgetting Sarah Marshall

Queen Charlotte (halfway through but haven't finished. i hate things that make me cry when i watch them so i have to be in a very specific mood to watch emotional heavy things)

Lady Bird

The Banshees of Inisherin

BARBIE (*ducks thrown rocks* I'll get to it, i SWEAR) (but i'm amazing at avoiding spoilers at this point i still know very little about the movie)

Men

Pearl

The Invisible Man

The Turning

Succession

Suspiria

Promising Young Woman

Shiva Baby

Luca

The Green Knight

Licorice Pizza

Bullet Train

The Menu

Women Talking

Knives Out + Glass Onion (*ducks more thrown rocks*)

Paddington 2!!!!

SHadow and Bone (honestly I lost almost all interest in reading/watching this once I heard the hot villain dies. BOOOO)

Carol

That one newish show with Adam Scott that looks super liminal and sci fi i can't remember the name

The Killing of a Sacred Deer

Oppenheimer

Killers of the Flower Moon

Guardians of the Galaxy 3

M3gan

Turning Red

Everything Everywhere All At once

Nope

Barbarian

Just like the book list, I'm sure there's many other titles I'm forgetting to put here. I actually have branched out and watched a fair amount of new movies this year so i'm going to keep it going! and here's one more list just because this is fun

Stuff I watched or read in 2023 that I loved/recommend (with the caveat that not all of this came out in 2023): (and i'm not including obvious stuff like Spider man across the spiderverse)

White Noise

Don't Look Up

Living in the Time of Dying (documentary on Youtube. It is HEAVY on existentialism and the science/data on the current state of climate change. This WILL ruin your day so I'm warning you now. Definitely don't watch it today. This really affected me and I cried for a long time after watching this but it is incredibly important to keep in mind.)

Blackkklansman (i had to watch this with the volume on the lowest setting bc of all the n words being dropped so frequently lmao but goddamn this was so good and funnier than i expected.)

DIMENSION 20: Burrow's End!!!!! As well as The Unsleeping City season 1. Neverafter and A Crown of Candy are probably at the lower end of the list but I still love them. (thank you to @rogueimperator for cluing me onto how amazing D20 and Dropout are. <3 this is a whole new world lol)

Midnight Sun :)

7. Christine and the Queens - Redcar les adorables étoiles Full show on Youtube. I was supposed to see him live in October but he got injured and had to cancel the rest of his tour :( but this album and the video are incredible! Slight warning for semi nudity.

8. Game Changer on Dropout. he's been here the whole time!

9. The 1975 live at Madison Square Garden. I was lucky enough to see them twice this tour with my twin sister and we had an absolutely amazing time. They always put on amazing shows and this particular tour/their latest album meant so much to us. Even our younger brother has come with us for some of these shows so it's something we all share. (Last time they came to Chicago in 2022 the venue was too small so they didn't have the House set with them so we didn't get to see it in action until this year) Sex and The Sound will always be the perfect closers for their shows and I get so emotional every time I hear them. Core memories for sure.

10. Puss in Boots: the last wish. this seems like another obvious answer that i probably could have left off but this gets an honorary mention because our family cat was diagnosed with advanced bone cancer in August, and we had to put him down very soon after that diagnosis. We spent an agonizing week tending to him and cherishing every last second we could get with him. I've been fortunate enough to never experience the death of a pet until this year, and i almost wish we didn't have any pets at all because I've never felt such excruciating grief. He was a fat, grumpy orange boy with beautiful yellow stripes and a little yellow mustache. I was trying to distract myself and found this movie on Netflix and watched it, then recommended it to my sister (who is actually Thomas's owner but we all shared him) though I warned her the movie did deal with themes on mortality. We all watched it together the night before his final vet visit and Tommy was there with us on a comfy pillow. I hope he approved of the movie, because now any time I think of Puss in Boots i think of him. <3

I could add more to this but my eyes are tired and I'm wired up from coffee. I know this is long as hell so sorry but I had fun making it! I'll probably keep coming back to this post in the future to cross out what I've watched.

#leigh speaks

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idoltoons · 4 months

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A qué edad se vuelven reyes los príncipes ahora? Antes era 22 creo

ESTE ES UN TEMA QUE QUERIA TOCAR HACE UN TIEMPO PORQUE-

Creo que con la revelación de las edades actuales, es obvio que cosas no cuadran.

Así que la cosa esta de este modo.

Si, a los 22 aproximadamente, es una edad apropiada para que los príncipes y princesas se vuelvan reyes o reinas. PERO-

Solo si los reyes se quieren retirar de sus cargos.

Es decir, si los reyes se quieren retirar y sus hijos tienen la edad, pueden pasarle la corona a sus hijos. Pero en caso de no quererlo, tampoco se le considera malo, al menos no a la vista de la gente del reino.

En caso de Elias, Elizabeth ha hablado con su hijo y este, a pesar de tener un poco de nervios, acepto la idea de tener la corona cuando tenga la edad necesaria, ya que Elizabeth si se quiere retirar del puesto porque le toco ser reina desde muy niña.

Charlotte también pretendía retirarse cuando su hijo cumpliera la edad, pero en este caso, Cervantes NO acepto el puesto de rey, por lo que Charlotte no quiere forzarlo y ganarse el desprecio de su hijo. Y tras eso, se entiende porque hay quienes rechazan mucho a Cervantes, ya que va por los 30 y aun no es rey a pesar que ya puede.

En caso de Rafael, como lo dije antes, Rafael, por deseos de Rosalie, JAMAS SERA REY.

Y no es la intención de Rosalie hacer menos a su hijo o no crea que puede ser rey. Solo que Rosalie jamás ha considerado la idea de renunciar a su corona. Ama ser reina, además de que puede con el peso de serlo, ella no busca nada más.

Y luego esta Raviv, que ella si estuvo lista en su tiempo para ser reina, de hecho, ahora con certeza puedo decir que Raviv ha tenido la bendición de "La Tierra" para volverse guardiana de los océanos y soberana del elemento agua cuando lo desee desde los 19. Supero todas las pruebas y podía volverse reina, PERO-

Khalil no acepto renunciar a su corona.

Si renunciaba al reino, renunciaba a sus ejércitos, y en cierto modo, los necesita para buscar a su hija perdida.

Hubo ciertos conflictos entre ambas debido a esto, una historia larga, pero al final, Raviv no es reina por el momento hasta que su madre renuncie a la corona.

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sidicecheilibri · 10 months

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I libri nominati da Rory Gilmore

1 – 1984, George Orwell

2 – Le Avventure di Huckelberry Finn, Mark Twain

3 – Alice nel Paese delle Meraviglie, Lewis Carrol

4 – Le Fantastiche Avventure di Kavalier e Clay, Michael Chabon

5 – Una Tragedia Americana, Theodore Dreiser

6 – Le Ceneri di Angela, Frank McCourt

7 – Anna Karenina, Lev Tolstoj

8 – Il Diario di Anna Frank

9 – La Guerra Archidamica, Donald Kagan

10 – L’Arte del Romanzo, Henry James

11 – L’Arte della Guerra, Sun Tzu

12 – Mentre Morivo, William Faulkner

13 – Espiazione, Ian McEvan

14 – Autobiografia di un Volto, Lucy Grealy

15 – Il Risveglio, Kate Chopin

16 – Babe, Dick King-Smith

17 – Contrattacco. La Guerra non Dichiarata Contro le Donne, Susan Faludi

18 – Balzac e la Piccola Sarta Cinese, Dai Sijie

19 – Bel Canto, Anne Pachett

20 – La Campana di Vetro, Sylvia Plath

21 – Amatissima, Toni Morrison

22 – Beowulf: una Nuova Traduzione, Seamus Heaney

23 – La Bhagavad Gita

24 – Il Piccolo Villaggio dei Sopravvissuti, Peter Duffy

25 – Bitch Rules. Consigli di Comune Buonsenso per donne Fuori dal Comune, Elizabeth Wurtzel

26 – Un Fulmine a Ciel Sereno ed altri Saggi, Mary McCarthy

27 – Il Mondo Nuovo, Adolf Huxley

28 – Brick Lane, Monica Ali

29 – Brigadoon, Alan Jay Lerner

30 – Candido, Voltaire

31 – I Racconti di Canterbury, Geoffrey Chaucer

32 – Carrie, Stephen King

33 – Catch-22, Joseph Heller

34 – Il Giovane Holden, J.D.Salinger

35 – La Tela di Carlotta, E.B.White

36 – Quelle Due, Lillian Hellman

37 – Christine, Stephen King

38 – Il Canto di Natale, Charles Dickens

39 – Arancia Meccanica, Anthony Burgess

40 – Il Codice dei Wooster, P.G.Wodehouse

41 – The Collected Stories, Eudora Welty

42 – La Commedia degli Errori, William Shakespeare

43 – Novelle, Dawn Powell

44 – Tutte le Poesie, Anne Sexton

45 – Racconti, Dorothy Parker

46 – Una Banda di Idioti, John Kennedy Toole

47 – Il03 al 09/03 Conte di Montecristo, Alexandre Dumas

48 – La Cugina Bette, Honore de Balzac

49 – Delitto e Castigo, Fedor Dostoevskij

50 – Il Petalo Cremisi e il Bianco, Michel Faber

51 – Il Crogiuolo, Arthur Miller

52 – Cujo, Stephen King

53 – Il Curioso Caso del Cane Ucciso a Mezzanotte, Mark Haddon

54 – La Figlia della Fortuna, Isabel Allende

55 – David e Lisa, Dr.Theodore Issac Rubin M.D

56 – David Copperfield, Charles Dickens

57 – Il Codice Da Vinci, Dan Brown

58 – Le Anime Morte, Nikolaj Gogol

59 – I Demoni, Fedor Dostoevskij

60 – Morte di un Commesso Viaggiatore, Arthur Miller

61 – Deenie, Judy Blume

62 – La Città Bianca e il Diavolo, Erik Larson

63 – The Dirt. Confessioni della Band più Oltraggiosa del Rock, Tommy Lee – Vince Neil – Mick Mars – Nikki Sixx

64 – La Divina Commedia, Dante Alighieri

65 – I Sublimi Segreti delle Ya-Ya Sisters, Rebecca Wells

66 – Don Chischiotte, Miguel de Cervantes

67 – A Spasso con Daisy, Alfred Uhvr

68 – Dr. Jeckill e Mr.Hide, Robert Louis Stevenson

69 – Tutti i Racconti e le Poesie, Edgar Allan Poe

70 – Eleanor Roosevelt, Blanche Wiesen Cook

71 – Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Tom Wolfe

72 – Lettere, Mark Dunn

73 – Eloise, Kay Thompson

74 – Emily The Strange, Roger Reger

75 – Emma, Jane Austen

76 – Il Declino dell’Impero Whiting, Richard Russo

77 – Encyclopedia Brown: Boy Detective, Donald J.Sobol

78 – Ethan Frome, Edith Wharton

79 – Etica, Spinoza

80 – Europe Through the back door, 2003, Rick Steves

81 – Eva Luna, Isabel Allende

82 – Ogni cosa è Illuminata, Jonathan Safran Foer

83 – Stravaganza, Gary Krist

84 – Farhenheit 451, Ray Bradbury

85 – Farhenheit 9/11, Michael Moore

86 – La Caduta dell’Impero di Atene, Donald Kagan

87 – Fat Land, il Paese dei Ciccioni, Greg Critser

88 – Paura e Delirio a Las Vegas, Hunter S.Thompson

89 – La Compagnia dell’Anello, J.R.R.Tolkien

90 – Il Violinista sul Tetto, Joseph Stein

91 – Le Cinque Persone che Incontri in Cielo, Mitch Albom

92 – Finnegan’s Wake, James Joyce

93 – Fletch, Gregory McDonald

94 – Fiori per Algernon, Daniel Keyes

95 – La Fortezza della Solitudine, Jonathan Lethem

96 – La Fonte Meravigliosa, Ayn Rand

97 – Frankenstein, Mary Shelley

98 – Franny e Zooeey, J.D.Salinger

99 – Quel Pazzo Venerdì, Mary Rodgers

100 – Galapagos, Kurt Vonnegut

101 – Questioni di Genere, Judith Butler

102 – George W.Bushism: The Slate Book of Accidental Wit and Wisdom of our 43rd President, Jacob Weisberg

103 – Gidget, Fredrick Kohner

104 – Ragazze Interrotte, Susanna Kaysen

105 – The Gnostic Gospels, Elaine Pagels

106 – Il Padrino, Parte I, Mario Puzo

107 – Il Dio delle Piccole Cose, Arundhati Roy

108 – La Storia dei Tre Orsi, Alvin Granowsky

109 – Via Col Vento, Margaret Mitchell

110 – Il Buon Soldato, Ford Maddox Ford

111 – Il Gospel secondo Judy Bloom

112 – Il Laureato, Charles Webb

113 – Furore, John Steinbeck

114 – Il Grande Gatsby, F.Scott Fitzgerald

115 – Grandi Speranze, Charles Dickens

116 – Il Gruppo, Mary McCarthy

117 – Amleto, William Shakespeare

118 – Harry Potter e il Calice di Fuoco, J.K.Rowling

119 – Harry Potter e la Pietra Filosofale, J.K.Rowling

120 – L’Opera Struggente di un Formidabile Genio, Dave Eggers

121 – Cuore di Tenebra, Joseph Conrad

122 – Helter Skelter: La vera storia del Caso Charles Manson, Vincent Bugliosi e Curt Gentry

123 – Enrico IV, Parte Prima, William Shakespeare

124 – Enrico IV, Parte Seconda, William Shakespeare

125 – Enrico V, William Shakespeare

126 – Alta Fedeltà, Nick Hornby

127 – La Storia del Declino e della Caduta dell’Impero Romano, Edward Gibbon

128 – Holidays on Ice: Storie, David Sedaris

129 – The Holy Barbarians, Lawrence Lipton

130 – La Casa di Sabbia e Nebbia, Andre Dubus III

131 – La Casa degli Spiriti, Isabel Allende

132 – Come Respirare Sott’acqua, Julie Orringer

133 – Come il Grinch Rubò il Natale, Dr.Seuss

134 – How the Light Gets In, M.J.Hyland

135 – Urlo, Allen Ginsberg

136 – Il Gobbo di Notre Dame, Victor Hugo

137 – Iliade, Omero

138 – Sono con la Band, Pamela des Barres

139 – A Sangue Freddo, Truman Capote

140 – Inferno, Dante

141 – …e l’Uomo Creò Satana, Jerome Lawrence e Robert E.Lee

142 – Ironweed, William J.Kennedy

143 – It takes a Village, Hilary Clinton

144 – Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte

145 – Il Circolo della Fortuna e della Felicità, Amy tan

146 – Giulio Cesare, William Shakespeare

147 – Il Celebre Ranocchio Saltatore della Contea di Calaveras, Mark Twain

148 – La Giungla, Upton Sinclair

149 – Just a Couple of Days, Tony Vigorito

150 – The Kitchen Boy, Robert Alexander

151 – Kitchen Confidential: Avventure Gastronomiche a New York, Anthony Bourdain

152 – Il Cacciatore di Aquiloni, Khaled Hosseini

153 – L’amante di Lady Chatterley, D.H.Lawrence

154 – L’Ultimo Impero: Saggi 1992-2000, Gore Vidal

155 – Foglie d’Erba, Walt Whitman

156 – La Leggenda di Bagger Vance, Steven Pressfield

157 – Meno di Zero, Bret Easton Ellis

158 – Lettere a un Giovane Poeta, Rainer Maria Rilke

159 – Balle! E tutti i Ballisti che Ce Le Stanno Raccontando, Al Franken

160 – Vita di Pi, Yann Martell

161 – La piccola Dorrit, Charles Dickens

162 – The little Locksmith, Katharine Butler Hathaway

163 – La piccola fiammiferaia, Hans Christian Andersen

164 – Piccole Donne, Louisa May Alcott

165 – Living History, Hilary Clinton

166 – Il signore delle Mosche, William Golding

167 – La Lotteria, ed altre storie, Shirley Jackson

168 – Amabili Resti, Alice Sebold

169 – Love Story, Eric Segal

170 – Macbeth, William Shakespeare

171 – Madame Bovary, Gustave Flaubert

172 – The Manticore, Robertson Davies

173 – Marathon Man, William Goldman

174 – Il Maestro e Margherita, Michail Bulgakov

175 – Memorie di una figlia per bene, Simone de Beauvoir

176 – Memorie del Generale W.T. Sherman, William Tecumseh Sherman

177 – L’uomo più divertente del mondo, David Sedaris

178 – The meaning of Consuelo, Judith Ortiz Cofer

179 – Mencken’s Chrestomathy, H.R. Mencken

180 – Le Allegre Comari di Windsor, William Shakespeare

181 – La Metamorfosi, Franz Kafka

182 – Middlesex, Jeoffrey Eugenides

183 – Anna dei Miracoli, William Gibson

184 – Moby Dick, Hermann Melville

185 – The Mojo Collection: The Ultimate Music Companion, Jim Irvin

186 – Moliere: la biografia, Hobart Chatfield Taylor

187 – A monetary history of the United States, Milton Friedman

188 – Monsieur Proust, Celeste Albaret

189 – A Month of Sundays: searching for the spirit and my sister, Julie Mars

190 – Festa Mobile, Ernest Hemingway

191 – Mrs Dalloway, Virginia Woolf

192 – Gli ammutinati del Bounty, Charles Nordhoff e James Norman Hall

193 – My Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath, Seymour M.Hersh

194 – My Life as Author and Editor, H.R.Mencken

195 – My life in orange: growing up with the guru, Tim Guest

196 – Myra Waldo’s Travel and Motoring Guide to Europe, 1978, Myra Waldo

197 – La custode di mia sorella, Jodi Picoult

198 – Il Nudo e il Morto, Norman Mailer

199 – Il Nome della Rosa, Umberto Eco

200 – The Namesake, Jhumpa Lahiri

201 – Il Diario di una Tata, Emma McLaughlin

202 – Nervous System: Or, Losing my Mind in Literature, Jan Lars Jensen

203 – Nuove Poesie, Emily Dickinson

204 – The New Way Things Work, David Macaulay

205 – Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich

206 – Notte, Elie Wiesel

207 – Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen

208 – The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, William E.Cain, Laurie A.Finke, Barbara E.Johnson, John P.McGowan

209 – Racconti 1930-1942, Dawn Powell

210 – Taccuino di un Vecchio Porco, Charles Bukowski

211 – Uomini e Topi, John Steinbeck

212 – Old School, Tobias Wolff

213 – Sulla Strada, Jack Kerouac

214 – Qualcuno Volò sul Nido del Cuculo, Ken Kesey

215 – Cent’Anni di Solitudine, Gabriel Garcia Marquez

216 – The Opposite of Fate: Memories of a Writing Life, Amy Tan

217 – La Notte dell’Oracolo, Paul Auster

218 – L’Ultimo degli Uomini, Margaret Atwood

219 – Otello, William Shakespeare

220 – Il Nostro Comune Amico, Charles Dickens

221 – The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, Donald Kagan

222 – La Mia Africa, Karen Blixen

223 – The Outsiders, S.E. Hinton

224 – Passaggio in India, E.M.Forster

225 – The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, Donald Kagan

226 – Noi Siamo Infinito, Stephen Chbosky

227 – Peyton Place, Grace Metalious

228 – Il Ritratto di Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde

229 – Pigs at the Trough, Arianna Huffington

230 – Le Avventure di Pinocchio, Carlo Collodi

231 – Please Kill Me: Il Punk nelle Parole dei Suoi Protagonisti, Legs McNeil e Gillian McCain

232 – Una Vita da Lettore, Nick Hornby

233 – The Portable Dorothy Parker, Dorothy Parker

234 – The Portable Nietzche, Fredrich Nietzche

235 – The Price of Loyalty: George W.Bush, the White House, and the Education on Paul O’Neil, Ron Suskind

236 – Orgoglio e Pregiudizio, Jane Austen

237 – Property, Valerie Martin

238 – Pushkin, La Biografia, T.J.Binyon

239 – Pigmallione, G.B.Shaw

240 – Quattrocento, James Mckean

241 – A Quiet Storm, Rachel Howzell Hall

242 – Rapunzel, I Fratelli Grimm

243 – Il Corvo ed Altre Poesie, Edgar Allan Poe

244 – Il Filo del Rasoio, W.Somerset Maugham

245 – Leggere Lolita a Teheran, Azar Nafisi

246 – Rebecca, Daphne du Maurier

247 – Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, Kate Douglas Wiggin

248 – The Red Tent, Anita Diamant

#libro #libri da leggere #rory gilmore

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