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But I can't imagine another Christmas without you.
#exmas#cute things#movie#movies#filmedit#filmedits#robbie amell#leighton meester#love#Ali Moyer#Graham Stroop#gif#gifs#gifset#christmas movies
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New documents obtained by ThinkProgress show how Russian and American fundamentalists first began their collaboration.
(...)
“I would say broadly speaking, it appears that the Russian operation was designed to infiltrate conservative organizations,” Simpson said. “They targeted various conservative organizations, religious and otherwise, and they seem to have made a very concerted effort to get in with the [National Rifle Association].”
While Simpson’s comments drove ongoing investigations into relations between the National Rife Association (NRA) and now-sanctioned Russian officials, another aspect of the Russian strategy has received far less attention: Which conservative religious organizations were targeted by Russian operatives? And who within those organizations proved susceptible to Russian infiltration — or even helped further the Kremlin’s aims?
A series of interviews and never-before-seen documents, including testimonials and diaries obtained by ThinkProgress, sheds new light on how the relationship between the Religious Right and Russia first began, and how it led to several collaborative efforts in the years to come. (...)
All of this took place amid the Kremlin’s attempts to become the leader of anti-LGBTQ forces around the world, and the lodestar for social conservatives across the West.
“We can see how many of the Euro-Atlantic countries are actually rejecting their roots, including the Christian values that constitute the basis of Western civilization,” Putin said in 2013. “They are implementing policies that equate large families with same-sex partnerships, belief in God with the belief in Satan.”
Moscow’s shift into a bastion for social conservatism was a bright, blinking red light for social conservatives in the United States — many of whom started coming out in droves to defend Russia’s increasing return to dictatorship, becoming some of Putin’s staunchest defenders in the West. Franklin Graham began lauding Russian policies, claiming Russia maintained the moral high ground over the U.S., as did notorious creationist Ken Ham. Praise started to flow in from paleo-conservatives like Pat Buchanan and theocrats like Bryan Fischer. (...)
“I’ve never known how deep the admiration for Russia goes,” Christopher Stroop, a leading scholar on Russian and American religious relations, told ThinkProgress. “I’ve seen it anecdotally in my evangelical connections, but it doesn’t come up all the time. Definitely not everyone is as enthusiastic as Kline Preston.” (...)
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New Doc, ‘People You May Know,’ Reveals a War on Democracy Being Waged With Big Data | Religion Dispatches
As a journalist taking assignments in war-torn areas, London-based American expat Charles Kriel developed an interest in big data and its use in disinformation campaigns. This eventually led to his appointment as special advisor on fake news to the House of Commons’ DCMS (Digital, Culture, Media, Sport) select committee as it investigated the roles Cambridge Analytica, Facebook, and Russia played in influencing the Brexit referendum.
Disappointment with Britain’s lack of political will to pursue needed regulation of tech companies, Kriel and film director Katharina Gellein Viken, determined to bring what they’d learned about big data manipulation, microtargeting, and tech companies’ undermining of civil society to the broader public.
The result is the new documentary People You May Know (go to trailer), starring Kriel and directed by Viken, which spotlights the role played by churches, many of which use big data for microtargeted outreach, in the information manipulation ecosystem that continues to erode democracy in the US, the UK, and elsewhere. Distributed in the United States by Sundance and available on Prime Video, this must-watch documentary couldn’t be more timely for an election cycle marred by turbulence, uncertainty about such fundamental matters as peaceful transfer of power, and a right-wing Christian power grab.
On October 13, Charles and Katharina sat down (over Zoom) with RD’s Chrissy Stroop for an interview about their creative process, their film’s reception, and the serious threat that big data manipulation represents to democracy.
This interview, which will be presented in two parts, has been edited for length and clarity.
Part 1
CS: So, your film covers a complicated topic with a lot of moving parts that can be tricky to follow. What would be your thirty-second elevator pitch summary of what you want viewers to walk away from People You May Know with?
CK: What’s important to understand is that the Koch brothers commissioned a religious charity, Cofi, and a religious software company, Gloo, to work with Cambridge Analytica to create a platform where churches could specifically target people who are suffering from mental illness or grief in order to recruit them into the churches, and then to weaponize them for the politics of the far Right.
CS: So tell me more about how you came to produce this specific film with this specific focus.
KGV: Well, so, Charles and I are quite recent partners, but we’ve known each other about ten years. And I knew that Charles had done work for civil society and as a journalist in war zones and that kind of thing, and he told me early on that he was interested in Cambridge Analytica, and I watched him do a couple of talks on the subject. And then he wrote a paper for NATO about the potential influence of the Brexit referendum by Cambridge Analytica.
He was then called to the DCMS select committee in the UK, who had been the first to form a committee to really look at the social media companies and what they were doing, and this was back when everyone was at the level of, well isn’t Facebook a nice thing that connects people? And then Charles came into the room and said they should be broken up under antitrust laws, and have you heard about Cambridge Analytica and five-factor personality profiling? Everybody’s jaw dropped, and they invited him to be special advisor the next day. And I said that we have to document this journey and this process.
I’d done a celebrity piece before, and I think initially I just wanted to do something serious; I wanted to look into fake news. And then Carole Cadwalladr’s story [co-written by Emma Graham-Harrison] with whistleblower Chris Wylie broke and the headlines just rolled across the world. I followed the committee for a year. They went to America, the first committee to ever do so, to interview Google, Twitter, Facebook. And as these tech companies lied, and they lied some more, it became a very interesting story. Then it turned out that there was very little will in the UK to pursue any of the regulation that the committee recommended for microtargeting and those issues.
So we kind of wondered, what’s the conclusion of this film? Where does it go? Because Charles had placed himself at the middle of this story, people kept coming to him with evidence. One of them, Brent Allpress, who you’ve seen in the film, just said, listen, I’ve got this connection between Cambridge Analytica and church. When we looked into it, we said, well, we’ve just had a baby, but we have to go on the road and look into this story. So we put our three-month-old baby in the back of a car and drove across America. That’s how it all came about.
CS: What a remarkable story! Charles, what is the origin of your interest in big data and personality profiling?
CK: So, probably about eight or nine years ago, someone asked me if I would go into a conflict zone and work with independent local journalists, and help them try to get digital. In post-Soviet oligarchic, authoritarian states, getting digital was one of the best ways that these journalists could get their message out. So, this offer came up, I was very excited about it, and that’s how I found myself in Nargorno-Karabakh.
I loved doing that work, and I did more and more of that work, in worse and worse places. I’ve worked everywhere from Mongolia and Tajikistan to Iraqi Kurdistan. In situations like that, you find yourself doing lots of work that was almost like counter-radicalization; it was definitely counter-disinformation. That’s what you’re helping the journalists with. So I became really informed on that kind of work, and every dark alley that I went down in these war zones or frozen conflict zones, I would find Twitter, Google, and Facebook.
You’ve signed yourself in [to the church’s app], you’ve signed in your children, you’ve shared your vulnerabilities…but it’s not just mental health, it’s vulnerabilities in general.
CS: Which is fascinating. Troll farms became a big topic in 2016. Were you picking up on anything like that, the organized use of trolls, before 2016?
CK: I was picking up on the methodologies already in place; they just hadn’t been scaled in the way that troll farms scaled things. The methodologies of disinformation and radicalization, and now election manipulation, are all incredibly similar. The difference is to what scale you operate. When the troll farms really kicked in, that was around the time of the annexation of Crimea [in March of 2014].
With social media, what you’re able to do, and what Cambridge Analytica has done, is they do data harvesting, and from those data harvests, they’re able to develop really detailed profiles of individuals, and then they can microtarget those individuals. They can do so to scale. So it’s not just, I need to find somebody in a community who’s vulnerable, and I’m going to target them specifically, and try to flip them and then they’ll be able to influence their friends and so on.
It’s all of that, but I’m going to do a million of them. The power of that is incredible. And then when you dig into what we focus on in the film, that Cambridge Analytica and Gloo were using church networks to identify people who were mentally ill and target them, it’s a really evil system.
CS: So let’s talk more about how churches use microtargeting and the findings you explore in People You May Know.
KGV: When I approached people about this initially in the churches, I talked about the modern outreach programs, and how churches are growing digitally in general. And it’s interesting, because churches have traditionally been slow on the uptake with social media and getting digital. Of course, outreach and evangelism is part of the church’s DNA, and that’s fine. And so you start to use social media for that, you’ve got live broadcasts on Facebook, and it gets started kind of slowly at first.
But then, what we found that really scared me is that a lot of smaller churches have adopted a complete digital interface. And this has happened so fast, because you want sign-in, you want to protect people’s kids, and you want to be able to track people and donations and all these things. And the churches themselves very often tell me, oh no, we don’t do that, we hire this software company, they’re very nice, and they do all of our stuff.
CS: So they’re buying that system from companies like Gloo, is that right?
KGV: Yeah, and there’s plenty of them. There’s Church Community Builder—there’s a lot of them that we ran into. And even if the church itself goes, well our privacy policy is of course we don’t share any data with anybody, the software company doesn’t protect the data at all, or they might be very bad at it. So if you go into the app—and they very often will have downloadable apps—you might find that your data is free to share with anybody. And of course you’ve signed yourself in, you’ve signed in your children, you’ve shared your vulnerabilities. Charles mentioned mental health, but it’s not just mental health, it’s vulnerabilities in general.
After all, as a European, it’s interesting to watch how churches in the States, they fill every need. You have preschool, you have a couple’s night, you have childcare, you have all this stuff that’s free and really hard to say ‘no’ to.
CS: Sure. I like the way you emphasized that in the film, because I think it’s a really important American reality that many Europeans probably don’t grasp. Just, the extent to which it’s difficult to get yourself plugged into a socially supportive community, which you need all the more because we hardly have a social safety net in America for those who aren’t religious.
KGV: Absolutely. Down here in Alabama, church daycare is the thing to do.
CS: And of course there’s also Vacation Bible School every summer. From where I sit now, as a kid who grew up in right-wing culture-warring churches, I do consider the evangelism aspect of these programs predatory. But I also see that there aren’t a lot of alternatives for most people.
CK: You can see that this happens in other functions of life too. Joining a church in a new town is the way to get quickly integrated into the community. It’s comparable to the role of the village pub in the UK. There’s a story that just broke in the past week. We have a track-and-trace system—it’s not working very well, but a track-and-trace system in Britain for COVID. And you go into a pub, and you have to download an app. You put your details in.
And that’s fine, but the pub didn’t build the app, a third party built the app. And we’re now hearing people say that pubs and restaurants have been selling this data to data brokers. But I’ll bet you it’s not the pubs and restaurants selling the data. What the pub and restaurant owners are doing is scrambling for a quick solution, thinking, we’re not coders. What the hell do we do? So they find an app, and they download the app, made by a company similar to Gloo, and they’re just harvesting data.
KGV: And it’s easy, and also in terms of churches of course, social media is cheap. Traditional outreach might have been much more time-consuming and expensive, whereas now using data you can easily find people who might be open to an invitation.
Look for Part 2 tomorrow, in which Kriel and Viken will discuss issues related to the coming election, including the Council for National Policy, a secretive conservative Christian organization leveraging these powerful tools to change the country. — eds
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Psychology Perspectives And Connections 3rd Edition by Gregory J. Feist Erika L. Rosenberg -Test Bank
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INSTANT DOWNLOAD WITH ANSWERS Psychology Perspectives And Connections 3rd Edition by Gregory J. Feist Erika L. Rosenberg -Test Bank
6
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
Which of the following holds true regarding consciousness?
A. Much of what we do requires deliberate, conscious thought.
B. Consciousness is an easily defined term.
C. New information can cause consciousness to change dramatically.
D. Consciousness has five aspects to it.
2.
Which of the following acts as a stage for the main event of the brain at a given moment in time?
A.
Memory
B.
Consciousness
C.
Perception
D.
Cognition
3. Which of the following enables the occurrence of a conscious experience?
A.
A static connection between the brain’s various processing areas
B.
A weak connection between the brain’s various processing areas
C.
A random connection between the brain’s various processing areas
D.
A strong connection between the brain’s various processing areas
4.
Which of the following best describes the global workspace of consciousness?
A. When the various sensory elements get integrated.
B.
When the mind is awake but not very aware.
C. When different sensory elements work one at a time.
D.
When the mind withholds information needed to do complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension,
and learning.
5. The feeling of being in love is attributed to:
A. objective consciousness.
B. intelligence.
C. psychic consciousness.
D. subjective consciousness.
6. What are the two aspects of consciousness?
A.
Alertness and wakefulness
B.
Awareness and control
C.
Memory and alertness
D.
Wakefulness and awareness
7.
The monitoring of information from the environment and from one’s own thoughts is termed as:
A. intelligence.
B. awareness.
C. wakefulness.
D.
memory.
8.
Arjun is in a condition wherein he is fully awake, but not aware. This is most likely because he is:
A.
in a coma.
B. driving.
C.
extremely drunk.
D.
sedated.
9. Variation in consciousness can be attributed to the difference in degrees of:
A. cognition and memory.
B. wakefulness and awareness.
C. ignorance and wakefulness.
D. awareness and cognition.
10. A person in a ________ state will show signs of low wakefulness and awareness.
A. comatose
B. conscious
C. sensitive
D. hypoactive
11.
Leticia suffers an accident which makes it impossible for her to open her eyes. Additionally, she
also becomes unresponsive to any stimulus. What is the most likely reason for her enduring loss of
consciousness?
A. Damage to the corpus callosum of the brain.
B. Absence of the corpus callosum of the brain.
C. Damage to the reticular formation of the brain.
D. An overactive reticular formation of the brain.
12.
Mehroof, 20 years of age, suffers an accident which causes him to lose consciousness. He is declared
to be in a comatose state. Which of the following can be useful in detecting the degree of his coma?
A. Stroop test
B. Rancho Coma Scale
C. MRI test
D. Glasgow Coma Scale
13. Which of the following is NOT a component of the test that reveals the degree of coma?
A.
Emotional responsiveness
B.
Verbal responsiveness
C.
Motor responsiveness
D.
The degree of eye opening
14.
If the doctors give Terry a score of 14 on the coma test, what does it imply?
A. She cannot recover from her condition.
B. She can respond verbally and motorically.
C. She can respond only motorically.
D. She can respond neither verbally nor motorically.
15.
In which state will a person be wakeful but not very aware?
A.
Active
B.
Daydreaming
C.
Cogitating
D.
Vegetative
16.
Tatiana is in an unresponsive condition though she can open her eyes. This suggests that she is in a(n)
________ state.
A.
comatose
B. vegetative
C.
drowsy
D.
unconscious
17.
What stage does wakefulness without awareness suggest?
A.
Vegetative
B.
Drowsiness
C.
Lucid dreaming
D.
Comatose
18. A flawed belief that physicians had about anyone who was vegetative was that the individual:
A. does not react to stimuli from the environment.
B. shows signs of motoric response.
C. reacts to external forces.
D. shows signs of awareness without wakefulness.
19.
People show signs of intentional behavior when they are:
A. in an unconscious state.
B. comatose.
C. minimally conscious.
D. in a subconscious state.
20. When can a person in a vegetative state be said to exhibit intentional thought?
A.
When the responses are communicative
B.
When the body only responds to stimuli causing shock
C. When the brain responds to commands
D.
When the instructions are merely registered in the brain
21. Which of the following holds true for a minimally conscious person?
A. Inability to exhibit intentional thought
B. Inability to track a person with eyes
C. Inability to communicate
D. Ability to show voluntary behavior
22.
Which of the following is true of neural firing research results?
A.
Behavioral responsiveness is not the only determining factor of an individual’s capacity to
communicate with other people.
B. An individual in a vegetative state cannot react to any stimulus from the environment.
C.
Behavioral non-responsiveness cannot be the sole determinant of one’s ability to interact with the
world.
D. An individual in a vegetative state can show signs of awareness without wakefulness.
23.
Which psychologist coined the term preconscious?
A. Piaget
B. Skinner
C. Erikson
D. Freud
24.
What does the term preconscious refer to?
A.
Intentionally repressed material that takes the form of unconscious
B.
Potentially accessible material currently unavailable to awareness
C.
Repressed unconscious material that cannot be consciously recollected
D.
Preexisting material immediately realizable to awareness
25.
Jimmy is taking his 7th grade exam in which he is asked to give one word for a set of given explanations.
Though he knows the words for the answer and is confident about recollecting them, he is unable
to recall them at that particular time. Which of the following terms refer to Jimmy’s experience?
A. Decay theory
B. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C. Motivated forgetting
D. Freudian slip
26. Which of the following best describes moderate consciousness?
A.
The unconscious experience of knowing something that cannot be brought into awareness
B.
The conscious experience of knowing something that can be brought into awareness
C.
The conscious experience of knowing something that cannot be brought into awareness
D.
The unconscious experience of knowing something that can be brought into awareness
27. When a person is roused by sounds that seem important while filtering out the rest that seem run-of-themill,
he/she is in a(n) ________ state.
A. minimally conscious
B. objectively conscious
C. subjectively conscious
D. moderately conscious
28. Which of the following holds true when a person is fully awake?
A.
The person is in a fully conscious state at all times.
B.
The person cannot be in a minimally conscious state for prolonged periods of time.
C.
The person can experience vacillating consciousness.
D.
The person cannot experience states of moderate consciousnesses.
29. When does an individual attain a flow state?
A. When he/she is barely awake or aware but shows some deliberate movements.
B. When he/she thrives in his/her ability to rise to the occasion of challenging tasks.
C.
When he/she is barely able to maintain focused awareness on a target.
D. When he/she recollects material that is potentially accessible but not currently available to awareness.
30. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of a flow state?
A.
The experience of always being depressed regardless of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
B. The sense of losing track of time while being engrossed in an activity.
C. The phenomenon of things eventually falling in place after a string of mishaps.
D. The state of suspending non-belief in order to make something seem credible.
31. Graham displays a heightened sense of awareness of events in his environment. For instance, when he
picks a book to read, he pores over every bit of information given about the author, edition, preface, and
even the colors and images on the cover page. This is indicative of the fact that Graham is a(n) ________
person.
A. mindful
B.
docile
C. rational
D. versatile
32. Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true?
A.
Mindfulness is a universal and a uniform phenomenon.
B.
Individuals who are mindful are not aware of their own feelings in response.
C. Mindfulness can have various levels of intensity.
D.
An individual cannot develop his/her mindfulness using mental training techniques.
33. Which of the following can be considered a key element of consciousness?
A.
Intuition
B.
Knowledge
C.
Optimism
D.
Attention
34.
The limited capacity to process information that is under conscious control best defines the term:
A. attention.
B. chunking.
C.
intuition.
D. encoding.
35.
Which of the following is an attentional process that helps determine the contents of consciousness at any
given moment in time?
A.
Sustained attention
B.
Flashing attention
C.
Alternating attention
D.
Divided attention
36.
The ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others is termed as:
A. sustained attention.
B. focused attention.
C. selective attention.
D. Stroop effect.
37.
Carlos is oblivious of what his classmates are doing while taking a test at school. However, when his
friend sneezes loudly, he immediately notices. What does this illustrate?
A.
Consciousness focuses our attention on changes in stimulation.
B.
It is possible for us to be aware of all material at all times.
C.
All of us can do more than one thing at a time without compromising our performance on either task.
D.
Consciousness causes us to react to all stimuli.
38.
Chen is attending a lecture where his professor requests all students to give their undivided attention to
an important concept he intends to explain. The professor is actually interested in the students’________
attention.
A. focused
B. sustained
C. alternating
D. selective
39.
Which of the following tests, upon research, yielded classic scientific evidence for selective attention?
A.
The Stroop test
B.
The right-left orientation test
C.
The dichotic listening test
D.
The trail marking test
40.
What was the findings of the experiment that yielded scientific evidence for selective attention?
A. Recall was equally bad for both ears.
B. Recall was worse for the attended ear.
C. Recall was equally good for both ears.
D. Recall was better for the attended ear.
41. Information can make its way into consciousness through the unattended ear if it is:
A. monotonous.
B. meaningful.
C.
random.
D.
trivial.
42. Nina is attending a get-together where she has to struggle to listen to a conversation with her
colleague due to a lot of background noise. However, her ears prick up as soon as she hears her name
being mentioned by someone in another part of the room and, consequently, she loses the thread of
conversation with her colleague. Which of the following terms best describes the experience Nina has?
A.
The serial-position effect
B.
The Stroop effect
C.
The cocktail party effect
D.
Perceptual constancy
43. Which of the following best describes the cocktail party effect?
A. A strong urge to nap at inappropriate times, such as during meals or in the middle of conversations.
B.
The ability to filter out auditory stimuli and then to refocus attention on something that appears more
meaningful.
C.
A mental state that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by lack of voluntary
control over behavior.
D. The ability to create a false sensory perception not related to real external stimuli.
44. Which of the following creates gaps in attention and perception?
A.
Selective attention
B.
Sustained attention
C.
Continuous attention
D.
Persistent attention
45.
Which of the following do magic tricks take advantage of?
A.
Audience’s sustained attention
B.
Audience’s divided attention
C.
Audience’s short attention span
D.
Audience’s focused attention
46.
Which of the following refers to a phenomenon by which one fails to notice unexpected objects in her or
his surroundings?
A.
Inattentional blindness
B.
Subliminal perception
C.
Change phenomenon
D.
Visual masking
47. Which of the following describes the interrelation of concentration and attention?
A.
The perceptual load model
B.
The cognitive load theory
C.
The global workspace model
D. Baddeley’s model
48. Bob finds it easier to concentrate on his studies when he finds the topic interesting. He is engrossed to
such an extent that he does not even realize that the television has been turned to the maximum volume.
However, if the topic does not interest him, he tends to get distracted at the drop of a hat. Which of the
following theories explains Bob’s behavior?
A.
The psychoanalytic theory
B. Baddeley’s theory
C.
The cognitive load theory
D.
The perceptual load theory
49. Which of the following can lead one to consciously attend to something?
A.
When neurons from one region of the brain work together
B.
When neurons from many distinct brain regions work together
C.
When neurons from many distinct brain regions work independently
D.
When neurons from one region of the brain work independently
50.
When an individual engages in synchronization, she or he:
A. hallucinates.
B. has a subconscious experience.
C. becomes unconscious.
D. has a conscious experience.
51. Which of the following, in all probability, creates a consolidation of discrete experiences that evokes a
holistic experience of something?
A.
The synchrony of cell assemblies
B.
Metaplasticity
C.
Tetanic stimulation
D.
Long-term potentiation
52. Which of the following best describes sustained attention?
A.
The ability to maintain focused awareness on a target or an idea
B.
The ability to direct one’s sense organs to form a complete perspective
C.
The ability to respond simultaneously to multiple task demands
D.
The neural process that enhances one’s involuntary reflexes
53.
Alisha is employed as an air traffic controller. Which of the following abilities would be vital for Alisha?
A.
The ability to individually respond to specific auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli
B.
The ability to consistently maintain a behavioral response for continuous and repetitive activity
C.
The capacity to maintain quick and enhanced behavioral responses to involuntary stimuli
D
. The capacity for mental flexibility that allows her to shift the focus of attention and move between
tasks which have different cognitive requirements
54. Which of the following tests is used to study sustained attention?
A. Continuous Performance Test (CPT)
B. Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test
C. Stroop Test
D. Stanford-Binet Test
7
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
After the removal of his hippocampus, Henry Molaison was ______.
A.
unable to improve on any standard learning task
B.
unable to recall any events prior to the surgery
C.
able to intentionally bringing into awareness much of what he remembered
D.
unable to form new memories
2. ____________ is the ability to store and use information.
A. Amnesia
B. Retrieval
C. Schema
D. Memory
3.
What part of memory stores limited information long enough to remember a phone number before one
dials it?
A. Sensory memory
B. Implicit memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Short-term memory
4. Memories of one’s first pet and how to read reside in:
A. short-term memory.
B. sensory memory.
C. long-term memory.
D. primary memory.
5. Which of the following is true about sensory memory?
A.
Knowledge of how to ride a bike is stored in sensory memory.
B. It is the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand.
C.
It usually holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time.
D. It can be transferred to long-term memory if it is practiced.
6. ___________ is made up of the brief traces of a sensation left by the firing of neurons in the brain.
A. Short-term memory
B. Sensory memory
C. False memory
D. Long-term memory
7. _____________ is the first step toward the creation of a long-term memory.
A. Adaptation
B. Transduction
C. Perception
D. Sensation
8. ______________ memory is a brief visual record left on the retina of the eye.
A. Iconic
B. Implicit
C. Echoic
D. Working
9.
Neil is participating in an experiment where numbers are flashed on a computer screen for a few
milliseconds, and then it goes blank. He is subsequently asked to recall the numbers. Neil is participating
in a study that is most likely examining his ______________ memory.
A. tactile
B. iconic
C. echoic
D. olfactory
10. ______________ memory is short-term retention of sounds.
A. Procedural
B. Echoic
C. Explicit
D. Working
11.
Diane was not paying attention to her boyfriend talking when all of a sudden something he said caught
her attention. She said, “Wait a minute! Did you say something about marriage?” His mention of
marriage left a trace in Diane’s _____________ memory, and she subsequently paid attention to this
information.
A. iconic
B. semantic
C. implicit
D. echoic
12. _____________ memory is also called working memory, because it is the part of memory required to
attend to and solve a problem at hand.
A. Episodic
B. Meta
C. Sensory
D. Short-term
13. Which of the following is true about short-term memory?
A. It is made up of the brief traces of a sensation left by the firing of neurons in the brain.
B. Iconic memory is a kind of short-term memory.
C.
It is a place to temporarily store information when one needs while working on a problem.
D. It is what most people think of when they think of memory.
14. Reading, talking, and listening to someone speak involves the:
A. sensory memory.
B. short-term memory.
C. long-term memory.
D. echoic memory.
15.
Local phone numbers in the United States are seven digits long because:
A. most people can transfer seven digits into long-term memory instantly, bypassing short-term memory.
B.
the short-term memory capacity of most people is between five and nine units of digits.
C.
sensory memory for numbers is very expansive and can handle such large quantities of digits.
D. when polled, early phone customers requested this many digits in their phone numbers.
16.
The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them up into
177, 999,1941 in a process called ____________ makes it easier.
A. method of loci
B. deep processing
C. chunking
D. rehearsing
17. Which of the following is the first process in researcher Alan Baddeley’s model of the working memory?
A.
Retrieving information from memory
B.
Rehearsing the stored process
C.
Storing information about a stimulus
D.
Attending to a stimulus
18. Which of the following is the last process in Alan Baddeley’s model of the working memory?
A.
Attending to a stimulus
B.
Retrieving information from memory
C.
Rehearsing the stored process
D.
Storing information about a stimulus
19.
In Alan Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ decides where to focus attention
and selectively hones in on specific aspects of a stimulus.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. visuospatial sketch pad
D. episodic buffer
20.
According to Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the central executive will have trouble
_____________ in people who have sustained damage to their frontal lobes.
A. screening out irrelevant information from the environment
B. remembering new experiences
C. processing and recalling language communicated to them
D.
recalling information about previous injuries
21.
In Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ assists the central executive by
providing extra storage for a limited number of digits or words for up to 30 seconds at a time.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. visuospatial sketch pad
D. episodic buffer
22. Which of the following best describes the function of the visuospatial sketch pad?
A. It permanently stores important distance and travel information, like one’s route home.
B. It serves as a mental canvas on which thinkers can mentally perform spatial rotation tasks.
C. It provides long-term storage for three-dimensional memories.
D.
It provides brief storage for images, scenes, and photos.
23. Roxanne knows she will remember her wedding day forever. First, however, her wedding memories have
to process in her working memory and temporarily store in:
A. implicit memory.
B. procedural memory.
C. episodic buffer.
D. automatic processing.
24.
According to Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ is a temporary store for
information that will become long-term memories of specific events.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. episodic buffer
D. visuospatial sketch pad
25.
Which of the following enables one to repeat the information to oneself as long as one needs to retain it?
A.
The serial position effect
B.
The rehearsal system
C.
Priming
D.
Effortful processing
26.
Jacques wants to remember a phone number, so he repeats it aloud until he types and saves the number in
his cell phone. He is using the process of:
A. rehearsal.
B.
repression.
C. retrieval.
D. recognition.
27. Storing and recalling a shopping list is an everyday example of the function of the:
A. visuospatial sketch pad.
B. central executive.
C. phonological loop.
D. episodic buffer.
28.
In the late 19th century, Mary Whiton Calkins observed an interesting phenomenon if short-term memory
called:
A. the law of primacy.
B. the reminiscence bump.
C. the serial position effect.
D. free recall.
29. Which of the following can be described as a serial position effect?
A.
When learning a list of items, people are able to recall all the items in serial order.
B.
When learning a list of items, people are better able to recall items at the beginning and end of the list;
they tend to forget the items in the middle.
C.
Older adults have the tendency to have increased recollection for events that occurred during their
adolescence and early adulthood.
D.
The side of a printed media presented first will have greater effectiveness than the side presented
subsequently.
30. From the list that Jill made for a shopping trip to the grocery store, she could recall only the items in the
beginning and in the end of a list. This is called:
A. a Type I error.
B. a heuristic.
C. the serial position effect.
D. retrograde amnesia.
31. The tendency to preferentially recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the:
A. continuity effect.
B. intermediate effect.
C. recency effect.
D. primacy effect.
32. The main explanation for the ______________ effect is that the items at the beginning of a list are
quickly rehearsed and transferred to long-term memory storage.
A. primacy
B. recency
C. halo
D. intermediate
33. Recall for items at the end of a list is known as the:
A. continuity effect.
B. intermediate effect.
C. recency effect.
D. primacy effect.
34.
Aditi’s mother recited to her a list of things to buy at the grocery store. Once she reached the store, she
could only remember the items from the end of the list. This phenomenon is called:
A. the primacy effect.
B. the recency effect.
C. proactive interference.
D. retroactive interference.
35.
Which is the most complex form of memory that has two distinct types and four distinct stages of
processing?
A.
Sensory memory
B.
Primary memory
C.
Long-term memory
D.
Short-term memory
36.
When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously know that one remembers it, then
one is said to be tapping into:
A. semantic memory.
B. explicit memory.
C. implicit memory.
D. episodic memory.
37.
Aaliyah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission, but when asked how she does it, she
just says, “I don’t know—it’s automatic.” This is an example of her:
A. implicit memory.
B. priming.
C. semantic memory.
D. episodic memory.
38. Which of the following is true about implicit memory?
A. It is the memory for the experiences one has had.
B. It refers to memories that can be deliberately accessed or declared.
C.
It is the conscious recalling of facts and events.
D. It cannot be directly recalled.
39.
____________ refers to the knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill that one
learns.
A. Procedural memory
B.
Sensory memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Episodic memory
40. ___________ is a kind of implicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to the
same or similar stimuli.
A. Encoding
B. Priming
C. Effortful processing
D. Retrieving
41. __________ is to nondeclarative memory as ___________ is to declarative memory.
A. Semantic; episodic
B. Implicit; explicit
C. Episodic; semantic
D. Explicit; semantic
42. ________________ memory is the conscious recall of facts and events.
A. Procedural
B. Implicit
C. Explicit
D. Echoic
43. Explicit memory refers to:
A.
something people know or remember but do not consciously know that they remember it.
B.
knowledge people hold for almost any behavior or physical skill they learn.
C. knowledge that can be improved by prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli.
D. memories that can be deliberately accessed or declared.
44. Which of the following is true about explicit memory?
A. Explicit memory is the conscious recall of facts and events.
B.
Priming is a kind of explicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to the same
or similar stimuli.
C.
Explicit memory refers to knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill one learns.
D.
When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously remember it, one is tapping into
explicit memory.
45. ______________ memory is our memory for facts and knowledge.
A. Semantic
B. Episodic
C. Implicit
D. Iconic
46.
During a quiz, Nick is asked to state the capital city of Idaho. Which of the following memory types is
most likely to aid him in retrieving the answer?
A.
Episodic memory
B.
Procedural memory
C.
Semantic memory
D.
Sensory memory
47.
Hovan remembers the names of the presidents of the United States of America in the order in which they
held office. Some would say that he has a pretty good ____________ memory.
A. priming
B.
working
C. semantic
D.
implicit
48.
_______________ memory is one’s memory for the experiences one has had.
A. Echoic
B. Semantic
C. Episodic
D. Implicit
49.
Julia vividly remembers the first time she met her boyfriend. This is an example of _____________
memory.
A. sensory
B. semantic
C. implicit
D. episodic
50.
Miguel is having a dinner party, but from the smell coming from his kitchen it is evident he burned
whatever he was cooking. What is the order of the processing stages this burnt smell will go through to
become a long-term memory for Miguel?
A.
Consolidation, storage, recognition, recall
B.
Storage, consolidation, encoding, recognition
C.
Storage, visuospatial loop, encoding, recall
D.
Encoding, consolidation, storage, retrieval
51. Of the following, ____________ is the first processing stage in long-term memory.
A. storage
B. retrieval
C. encoding
D. consolidation
52.
________________, as a stage in long-term memory, is the means by which one attends to, takes in, and
processes new information.
A. Consolidation
B. Encoding
C. Storage
D. Retrieval
53.
How well one remembers the material one studies for one’s exam begins with one’s effective:
A. retrieval.
B. recognition.
C. storage.
D. encoding.
54. Which of the following is true about encoding as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. It is the retention of memory over time.
B. It is the process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory.
C. It is driven by attention.
D. It is the recovery of information stored in memory.
55. _________________ processing happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
A. Effortful
B. Automatic
C. Structural
D. Phonological
56. Which of the following is true about automatic processing?
A. It involves rehearsal of the information.
B. It is the basis of semantic memory.
C. It happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
D. It goes from short-term to long-term memory.
57.
Meg easily recalls which route she took this morning to the salon that is three blocks away. This kind of
recalling involves _______________ processing.
A. structural
B. phonological
C. effortful
D. automatic
58. Which of the following is true about effortful processing?
A. It is the basis of semantic memory.
B. It happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
C. Experiences stored with the help of effortful processing are less likely to be recalled later.
D. Episodic memory involves effortful processing.
59.
____________ processing occurs when one carefully attends and puts conscious effort into remembering
information.
A. Automatic
B. Structural
C. Phonological
D. Effortful
60.
Demir is paying careful attention to his class notes and textbook, trying to master the material for an
upcoming exam. Demir is engaging in:
A.
consolidation.
B. automatic processing.
C.
retrieval.
D. effortful processing.
61. Advancing age tends to lessen recall for events and experiences that require ____________ processing
but not ______________ processing.
A. structural; effortful
B. effortful; automatic
C. automatic; phonological
D. phonological; structural
62.
Oscar is trying to remember the names of people he meets at his new job. He says he will remember the
name of his co-worker Trish, because she always has a dish of candy on her desk, and “Trish” rhymes
with “dish.” This is an example of ______ processing.
A. semantic
B. phonemic
C. automatic
D. structural
63.
While studying ______________ processing, researchers ask questions such as “Is the word in capital
letters?”
A. phonemic
B. effortful
C. structural
D. semantic
64.
To study _______________, researchers ask questions to focus participants’ attention on the sound of the
word.
A. structural processing
B. midlevel processing
C. semantic processing
D. effortful processing
65.
In the context of word-recall studies, ______ is the deepest level of processing.
A.
semantic processing
B.
automatic processing
C.
structural processing
D.
phonemic processing
66.
Participants in studies of __________________ are asked to think about the meaning of the words.
A. semantic processing
B. automatic processing
C. effortful processing
D. phonemic processing
67.
To remember the four bases found in DNA—thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine—Luke makes up a
sentence using the first letter from each base as the first letters for his words, repeating to himself, “The
Girl Ate Cookies.” Which of the following did Luke use in this scenario?
A.
The method of loci
B.
A mnemonic device
C.
Chunking
D.
Rhyming
68.
“ROY G. BIV” is an example of a(n) _____________ that helps one remember the colors of the
rainbow—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
A.
antonym
B.
alliteration
C. acronym
D. synonym
69. The second stage of long-term memory formation is:
A. storage.
B. consolidation.
C. retrieval.
D. encoding.
70. Which of the following is true about consolidation as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. A consolidated memory is resistant to distraction, interference, and decay.
B. Consolidation is the retention of memory over time.
C.
Consolidation helps remember where one put that birthday gift that one had bought earlier.
D. The process of consolidation happens in two ways: automatic processing and effortful processing.
71.
For which state of long-term memory formation is sleep vital?
A.
Encoding
B.
Storage
C.
Retrieval
D.
Consolidation
72. ____________, the retention of memory over time, is the third stage of long-term memory formation.
A. Consolidation
B. Encoding
C. Storage
D. Retrieval
73. Which of the following is true about storage as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. The process of storing is driven by attention.
B.
Storage refers to processes like remembering where one put a birthday gift one had bought earlier.
C. A stored memory is resistant to distraction, interference, and decay.
D.
Memories are stored in at least three ways: hierarchies, schemas, and networks.
74.
________________ can be defined as mental frameworks that develop from one’s experiences with
particular objects or events.
A.
Networks
B. Data designs
C. Hierarchies
D. Schemas
75.
_________________ acts as a filter through which one encodes and organizes information about one’s
world.
A. Schemas
B.
Networks
C. Hierarchies
D. Data designs
76.
The psychological process that binds concepts together is termed as:
A. consolidation.
B. encoding.
C. retrieval.
D. association.
77. A(n) _____________ is a chain of linkages between related concepts.
A. parallel distributed processing
B. tensor product network
C. neural network
D. associative network
78. Each concept or association in a network is referred to as a:
A. schema.
B. node.
C. rod.
D. cone.
79. ______________ are computer models that imitate the way neurons talk to each other.
A.
Data warehouses
B. Associative networks
C. Neural networks
D. Expert systems
80. _____________ is a well-known model of memory storage that integrates associative and neural
networks.
A. Cybernetics
B. Parallel distributed processing
C.
Dynamic systems processing
D.
Brainstorming
81. Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory storage propose that:
A. an individual attempting to encode new information must repeatedly rehearse that information.
B.
the spread of activation ensures all memories have equal chances of getting stored.
C.
the neural circuitry involved in long-term retention simultaneously evolved in humans and nonhuman
primates.
D. associations involve the simultaneous activity of many nodes.
82.
Jiao is trying to remember where she kept the receipt of the birthday gift she bought her mother. In which
stage of long-term memory processing is Jiao engaged?
A.
Storage
B.
Retrieval
C.
Encoding
D.
Consolidation
83. Which of the following is true about retrieval as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A.
It refers to the knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill one learns.
B.
Psychologists describe two kinds of retrieval process: automatic processing and effortful processing.
C. It is the recovery of information stored in memory.
D.
It is the third stage of long-term memory formation.
84. ________________ memories are retrieved without conscious effort.
A. Semantic
B. Iconic
C. Implicit
D. Echoic
85. ______________ memories are the ones that require conscious effort for retrieval.
A. Explicit
B. Procedural
C.
Working
D. Echoic
86.
The inability to remember the name of a person only minutes after meeting her, even if he repeats her
name immediately after hearing it, is a common __________ problem.
A.
structural
B.
morphological
C. retrieval
D.
positioning
87.
The _____________ is a region of the brain that plays an important part in attention, appropriate social
behavior, impulse control, and working memory.
A.
renal cortex
B.
adrenal cortex
C.
cell cortex
D. prefrontal cortex
88.
Hebb’s law states that:
A.
neurons release the same set of transmitters at all of their synapses.
B.
the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
C.
neurons that fire together wire together.
D.
when the synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires and excites another neuron, there is a temporary
change in the receiving neuron.
89. ____________ are networks of nerve cells that persist even after stimulation has stopped.
A. Feature detectors
B. Cell assemblies
C. Olfactory neurons
D. Glial cells
90. Researcher Eric Kandel’s work with sea slugs showed that:
A. repetition of experiences can actually lead to synaptic death.
B.
conversion from short-term to long-term memory storage requires spaced repetition.
C. the neuronal basis for memory in lower animals is extremely different than that of humans.
D. repeated experience does not strengthen long-term potentiation.
91. Aricept and Reminyl are two medications that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the
treatment of Alzheimer’s disease because they:
A.
facilitate in reconstructing the hippocampus.
B.
boost levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
C. thicken the cortex of the frontal lobes.
D. prevent deterioration of the temporal lobes.
92.
Research shows that flies bred to have an excess of CREB exhibited:
A. olfactory deficits.
B. an inability to remember their offspring.
C. excellent memories.
D. aggression toward unfamiliar flies.
93.
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of prescription and nonprescription stimulants
on memory?
A.
The negative effects of prescription drugs such as Adderall or Ritalin happen only in low doses.
B.
Caffeine in general and over-the-counter energy drinks have no effects in their capacity to enhance
memory.
C.
Higher doses of prescription stimulants can actually interfere with and block memory formation.
D.
There is nonclinical trial evidence that long-term, foods and drinks rich in flavonoids reduce memory
and impair cognitive function.
94.
The most solid evidence of the effects of herbs on memory suggests that the ground-up leaves of the
______ tree can be moderately effective in delaying symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
A. ginkgo biloba
B.
portulaca oleracea
C. echinacea
D. St. John’s wort
95.
Which of the following is a protein that switches on genes responsible for the development of new
synapses?
A.
CREB
B.
Ghrelin
C.
Insulin
D.
GABA
96.
Electrical stimulation of the brain is technically called ______.
A.
transcranial direct current stimulation
B.
cortical stimulation
C.
transcranial magnetic stimulation
D.
peripheral nerve and field stimulation
97.
Which of the following statements is true about transcranial direct current stimulation?
A.
The technique is usually considered painless and safe.
B.
A very high voltage is administered via four or more electrodes placed on the scalp of an individual.
C.
Research indicates that negatively charged stimulation increases memory in general.
D.
Transcranial electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe during slow wave sleep impairs recall of word
pairs among people.
98.
The _____ cortex is located in the occipital lobes.
A.
auditory
B.
visual
C.
somatosensory
D.
olfactory
99.
Which cortex is located in the temporal lobes?
A.
Auditory
B.
Olfactory
C.
Somatosensory
D.
Visual
100.
The ______ cortex is located in the parietal lobes.
A.
visual
B.
auditory
C.
somatosensory
D.
olfactory
101.
Which of the following senses lack their own processing regions?
A.
Sound
B.
Taste
C.
Vision
D.
Touch
102.
Memory consolidation takes place in the:
A.
amygdala.
B.
prefrontal cortex.
C.
hippocampus.
D.
pons.
103.
Of the following, _____ occurs mostly in the cortex.
A.
encoding
B.
priming
C.
retrieving
D.
rehearsing
104.
Memories for behaviors and skills are implicit and are mostly processed in the:
A.
subcortex.
B.
neocortex.
C.
parietal lobe.
D.
temporal lobe.
105.
The ______ is involved in assigning emotional significance to events and is crucial in encoding
information relevant to emotional experiences.
A.
thalamus
B.
fornix
C.
hippocampus
D.
amygdala
106.
Monita, a three-year-old, is afraid of going to the park because she had had an accident there. Which part
of Monita’s brain is most involved in this case?
A.
Inferior colliculus
B.
Nucleus accumbens
C.
Amygdala
D.
Cerebellum
107.
Someone who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will:
A.
experience a shift from one personality to another when under extreme stress.
B.
alternate between feelings of extreme hopelessness and extreme elation.
C.
relive an extremely traumatic event over and over.
D.
experience neurological symptoms such as blindness and paralysis with no organic cause.
108.
_____ occurs when other information competes with the information we are trying to recall.
A.
Repression
B.
Interference
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Blocking
109.
_____ interference occurs when new experiences or information causes people to forget previously
learned experiences or information.
A.
Long-term
B.
Output
C.
Proactive
D.
Retroactive
110.
Keith first studied for his sociology exam and then for his psychology exam in the same evening. When
it was time for him to take his sociology exam, all he could remember was psychology material. Keith’s
forgetting is an example of:
A.
retrograde amnesia.
B.
proactive interference.
C.
retroactive interference.
D.
anterograde amnesia.
111.
_____ interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new
information.
A.
Output
B.
Long-term
C.
Proactive
D.
Retroactive
112.
Chelsea is trying to learn Spanish. However, she is finding it difficult to learn Spanish because of her
tendency to apply English grammar to the Spanish language. This is an example of:
A.
decay.
B.
proactive interference.
C.
the forgetting curve.
D.
retroactive interference.
113.
Research on forgetting began in the 1880s with Herman Ebbinghaus, who found that recall shows a
steady decline over time. This decline is now termed as Ebbinghaus’s:
A.
forgetting curve.
B.
serial position effect.
C.
neurological basis for forgetting.
D.
connection between memory and the amygdala.
114.
_____ is a form of forgetfulness that involves attention as well as memory.
A.
Absent-mindedness
B.
Repression
C.
Interference
D.
Blocking
115.
Abdul looks around in his house for his wallet but cannot find it. He realizes that the last time he saw
his wallet was at the grocery store. He looks in the freezer and finds his wallet next to the ice cream he
bought at the store. Abdul’s forgetfulness most likely occurred because:
A.
the memory of his wallet was transient.
B.
the memory of the ice cream had persistence.
C.
his attention was divided.
D.
he experienced proactive interference.
116.
______ can be defined as the inability to retrieve some information that one once stored—say, a person’s
name or an old phone number.
A.
Suggestibility
B.
Blocking
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Interference
117.
Diah says, “I know his name! He’s married to that famous actress, and he was in all those action movies!
His name begins with an A!…I just cannot remember it!” Diah is experiencing:
A.
divided attention.
B.
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
C.
proactive interference.
D.
repression.
118.
______, in which retrieval of memories that have been encoded and stored is actively inhibited, is the
unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.
A.
Absent-mindedness
B.
Interference
C.
Repression
D.
Suggestibility
119.
Repression is an example of:
A.
interference.
B.
absent-mindedness.
C.
blocking.
D.
suggestibility.
120.
_____ occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions, comments, or
suggestions from someone else or some other source.
A.
Implanting
B.
Suggestibility
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Anterograde amnesia
121.
_____ memories are memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or
something.
A.
Semantic
B.
Recovered
C.
False
D.
Working
122.
Vivienne had a vivid memory of being nearly kidnapped as a child. However, this never happened. This
erroneous recall is an example of a(n):
A.
false memory.
B.
repressed memory.
C.
autobiographical memory.
D.
recovered memory.
123.
False memories are an example of:
A.
interference.
B.
blocking.
C.
repression.
D.
suggestibility.
124.
A memory from a real event, which was encoded and stored and not retrieved for a long period of time,
but then is retrieved after some later event brings it suddenly to consciousness, is termed as a _____
memory.
A.
false
B.
recovered
C.
blocked
D.
repressed
125.
Denji, a 44-year-old man, almost gets hit by a car while crossing a road. He suddenly remembers being
in a terrible car accident as a small child. His father confirms that it did, indeed, happen, but they never
discussed it with Denji. Psychologists would call this a(n):
A.
false memory.
B.
autobiographical memory.
C.
recovered memory.
D.
repressed memory.
7 Key
1.
(p. 251)
After the removal of his hippocampus, Henry Molaison was ______.
A.
unable to improve on any standard learning task
B.
unable to recall any events prior to the surgery
C.
able to intentionally bringing into awareness much of what he remembered
D.
unable to form new memories
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #1
Topic: Three Types of Memory
2.
(p. 252)
____________ is the ability to store and use information.
A. Amnesia
B. Retrieval
C. Schema
D. Memory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #2
Topic: Three Types of Memory
3.
(p. 252)
What part of memory stores limited information long enough to remember a phone number before one
dials it?
A. Sensory memory
B. Implicit memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Short-term memory
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #3
Topic: Three Types of Memory
4.
(p. 252)
Memories of one’s first pet and how to read reside in:
A. short-term memory.
B. sensory memory.
C. long-term memory.
D. primary memory.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #4
Topic: Three Types of Memory
5.
(p. 252)
Which of the following is true about sensory memory?
A.
Knowledge of how to ride a bike is stored in sensory memory.
B. It is the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand.
C.
It usually holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time.
D. It can be transferred to long-term memory if it is practiced.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #5
Topic: Three Types of Memory
6.
(p. 253)
___________ is made up of the brief traces of a sensation left by the firing of neurons in the brain.
A. Short-term memory
B. Sensory memory
C. False memory
D. Long-term memory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #6
Topic: Three Types of Memory
7.
(p. 253)
_____________ is the first step toward the creation of a long-term memory.
A. Adaptation
B. Transduction
C. Perception
D. Sensation
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #7
Topic: Three Types of Memory
8.
(p. 253)
______________ memory is a brief visual record left on the retina of the eye.
A. Iconic
B. Implicit
C. Echoic
D. Working
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #8
Topic: Three Types of Memory
9.
(p. 253)
Neil is participating in an experiment where numbers are flashed on a computer screen for a
few milliseconds, and then it goes blank. He is subsequently asked to recall the numbers. Neil is
participating in a study that is most likely examining his ______________ memory.
A. tactile
B. iconic
C. echoic
D. olfactory
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #9
Topic: Three Types of Memory
10.
(p. 253)
______________ memory is short-term retention of sounds.
A. Procedural
B. Echoic
C. Explicit
D. Working
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #10
Topic: Three Types of Memory
11.
(p. 253)
Diane was not paying attention to her boyfriend talking when all of a sudden something he said caught
her attention. She said, “Wait a minute! Did you say something about marriage?” His mention of
marriage left a trace in Diane’s _____________ memory, and she subsequently paid attention to this
information.
A. iconic
B. semantic
C. implicit
D. echoic
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #11
Topic: Three Types of Memory
12.
(p. 254)
_____________ memory is also called working memory, because it is the part of memory required to
attend to and solve a problem at hand.
A. Episodic
B. Meta
C. Sensory
D. Short-term
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #12
Topic: Three Types of Memory
13.
(p. 254)
Which of the following is true about short-term memory?
A. It is made up of the brief traces of a sensation left by the firing of neurons in the brain.
B. Iconic memory is a kind of short-term memory.
C.
It is a place to temporarily store information when one needs while working on a problem.
D. It is what most people think of when they think of memory.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #13
Topic: Three Types of Memory
14.
(p. 254)
Reading, talking, and listening to someone speak involves the:
A. sensory memory.
B. short-term memory.
C. long-term memory.
D. echoic memory.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #14
Topic: Three Types of Memory
15.
(p. 254)
Local phone numbers in the United States are seven digits long because:
A. most people can transfer seven digits into long-term memory instantly, bypassing short-term
memory.
B.
the short-term memory capacity of most people is between five and nine units of digits.
C.
sensory memory for numbers is very expansive and can handle such large quantities of digits.
D. when polled, early phone customers requested this many digits in their phone numbers.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #15
Topic: Three Types of Memory
16.
(p. 254-
255)
The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them up into
177, 999,1941 in a process called ____________ makes it easier.
A. method of loci
B. deep processing
C. chunking
D. rehearsing
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #16
Topic: Three Types of Memory
17.
(p. 255)
Which of the following is the first process in researcher Alan Baddeley’s model of the working
memory?
A.
Retrieving information from memory
B.
Rehearsing the stored process
C.
Storing information about a stimulus
D.
Attending to a stimulus
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #17
Topic: Three Types of Memory
18.
(p. 255)
Which of the following is the last process in Alan Baddeley’s model of the working memory?
A.
Attending to a stimulus
B.
Retrieving information from memory
C.
Rehearsing the stored process
D.
Storing information about a stimulus
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #18
Topic: Three Types of Memory
19.
(p. 255)
In Alan Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ decides where to focus
attention and selectively hones in on specific aspects of a stimulus.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. visuospatial sketch pad
D. episodic buffer
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #19
Topic: Three Types of Memory
20.
(p. 255-
256)
According to Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the central executive will have trouble
_____________ in people who have sustained damage to their frontal lobes.
A. screening out irrelevant information from the environment
B. remembering new experiences
C. processing and recalling language communicated to them
D.
recalling information about previous injuries
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #20
Topic: Three Types of Memory
21.
(p. 256)
In Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ assists the central executive by
providing extra storage for a limited number of digits or words for up to 30 seconds at a time.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. visuospatial sketch pad
D. episodic buffer
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #21
Topic: Three Types of Memory
22.
(p. 256)
Which of the following best describes the function of the visuospatial sketch pad?
A. It permanently stores important distance and travel information, like one’s route home.
B. It serves as a mental canvas on which thinkers can mentally perform spatial rotation tasks.
C. It provides long-term storage for three-dimensional memories.
D.
It provides brief storage for images, scenes, and photos.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #22
Topic: Three Types of Memory
23.
(p. 256)
Roxanne knows she will remember her wedding day forever. First, however, her wedding memories
have to process in her working memory and temporarily store in:
A. implicit memory.
B. procedural memory.
C. episodic buffer.
D. automatic processing.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #23
Topic: Three Types of Memory
24.
(p. 256)
According to Baddeley’s model of short-term memory, the _______________ is a temporary store for
information that will become long-term memories of specific events.
A. phonological loop
B. central executive
C. episodic buffer
D. visuospatial sketch pad
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #24
Topic: Three Types of Memory
25.
(p. 256)
Which of the following enables one to repeat the information to oneself as long as one needs to retain
it?
A.
The serial position effect
B.
The rehearsal system
C.
Priming
D.
Effortful processing
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #25
Topic: Three Types of Memory
26.
(p. 256)
Jacques wants to remember a phone number, so he repeats it aloud until he types and saves the
number in his cell phone. He is using the process of:
A. rehearsal.
B.
repression.
C. retrieval.
D. recognition.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #26
Topic: Three Types of Memory
27.
(p. 256)
Storing and recalling a shopping list is an everyday example of the function of the:
A. visuospatial sketch pad.
B. central executive.
C. phonological loop.
D. episodic buffer.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #27
Topic: Three Types of Memory
28.
(p. 256)
In the late 19th century, Mary Whiton Calkins observed an interesting phenomenon if short-term
memory called:
A. the law of primacy.
B. the reminiscence bump.
C. the serial position effect.
D. free recall.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #28
Topic: Three Types of Memory
29.
(p. 256)
Which of the following can be described as a serial position effect?
A.
When learning a list of items, people are able to recall all the items in serial order.
B
.
When learning a list of items, people are better able to recall items at the beginning and end of the
list; they tend to forget the items in the middle.
C.
Older adults have the tendency to have increased recollection for events that occurred during their
adolescence and early adulthood.
D.
The side of a printed media presented first will have greater effectiveness than the side presented
subsequently.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #29
Topic: Three Types of Memory
30.
(p. 256)
From the list that Jill made for a shopping trip to the grocery store, she could recall only the items in
the beginning and in the end of a list. This is called:
A. a Type I error.
B. a heuristic.
C. the serial position effect.
D. retrograde amnesia.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #30
Topic: Three Types of Memory
31.
(p. 256)
The tendency to preferentially recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the:
A. continuity effect.
B. intermediate effect.
C. recency effect.
D. primacy effect.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #31
Topic: Three Types of Memory
32.
(p. 256)
The main explanation for the ______________ effect is that the items at the beginning of a list are
quickly rehearsed and transferred to long-term memory storage.
A. primacy
B. recency
C. halo
D. intermediate
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #32
Topic: Three Types of Memory
33.
(p. 256)
Recall for items at the end of a list is known as the:
A. continuity effect.
B. intermediate effect.
C. recency effect.
D. primacy effect.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #33
Topic: Three Types of Memory
34.
(p. 256)
Aditi’s mother recited to her a list of things to buy at the grocery store. Once she reached the store, she
could only remember the items from the end of the list. This phenomenon is called:
A. the primacy effect.
B. the recency effect.
C. proactive interference.
D. retroactive interference.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #34
Topic: Three Types of Memory
35.
(p. 257)
Which is the most complex form of memory that has two distinct types and four distinct stages of
processing?
A.
Sensory memory
B.
Primary memory
C.
Long-term memory
D.
Short-term memory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #35
Topic: Three Types of Memory
36.
(p. 258)
When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously know that one remembers it, then
one is said to be tapping into:
A. semantic memory.
B. explicit memory.
C. implicit memory.
D. episodic memory.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #36
Topic: Three Types of Memory
37.
(p. 258)
Aaliyah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission, but when asked how she does it,
she just says, “I don’t know—it’s automatic.” This is an example of her:
A. implicit memory.
B. priming.
C. semantic memory.
D. episodic memory.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #37
Topic: Three Types of Memory
38.
(p. 258)
Which of the following is true about implicit memory?
A. It is the memory for the experiences one has had.
B. It refers to memories that can be deliberately accessed or declared.
C.
It is the conscious recalling of facts and events.
D. It cannot be directly recalled.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #38
Topic: Three Types of Memory
39.
(p. 258)
____________ refers to the knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill that one
learns.
A. Procedural memory
B.
Sensory memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Episodic memory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #39
Topic: Three Types of Memory
40.
(p. 258)
___________ is a kind of implicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to
the same or similar stimuli.
A. Encoding
B. Priming
C. Effortful processing
D. Retrieving
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #40
Topic: Three Types of Memory
41.
(p. 258)
__________ is to nondeclarative memory as ___________ is to declarative memory.
A. Semantic; episodic
B. Implicit; explicit
C. Episodic; semantic
D. Explicit; semantic
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #41
Topic: Three Types of Memory
42.
(p. 258)
________________ memory is the conscious recall of facts and events.
A. Procedural
B. Implicit
C. Explicit
D. Echoic
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #42
Topic: Three Types of Memory
43.
(p. 258)
Explicit memory refers to:
A.
something people know or remember but do not consciously know that they remember it.
B.
knowledge people hold for almost any behavior or physical skill they learn.
C. knowledge that can be improved by prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli.
D. memories that can be deliberately accessed or declared.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #43
Topic: Three Types of Memory
44.
(p. 258)
Which of the following is true about explicit memory?
A. Explicit memory is the conscious recall of facts and events.
B.
Priming is a kind of explicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to the
same or similar stimuli.
C.
Explicit memory refers to knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill one
learns.
D.
When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously remember it, one is tapping
into explicit memory.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #44
Topic: Three Types of Memory
45.
(p. 258)
______________ memory is our memory for facts and knowledge.
A. Semantic
B. Episodic
C. Implicit
D. Iconic
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #45
Topic: Three Types of Memory
46.
(p. 258)
During a quiz, Nick is asked to state the capital city of Idaho. Which of the following memory types is
most likely to aid him in retrieving the answer?
A.
Episodic memory
B.
Procedural memory
C.
Semantic memory
D.
Sensory memory
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #46
Topic: Three Types of Memory
47.
(p. 258)
Hovan remembers the names of the presidents of the United States of America in the order in which
they held office. Some would say that he has a pretty good ____________ memory.
A. priming
B.
working
C. semantic
D.
implicit
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #47
Topic: Three Types of Memory
48.
(p. 258)
_______________ memory is one’s memory for the experiences one has had.
A. Echoic
B. Semantic
C. Episodic
D. Implicit
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #48
Topic: Three Types of Memory
49.
(p. 258)
Julia vividly remembers the first time she met her boyfriend. This is an example of _____________
memory.
A. sensory
B. semantic
C. implicit
D. episodic
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #49
Topic: Three Types of Memory
50.
(p. 258)
Miguel is having a dinner party, but from the smell coming from his kitchen it is evident he burned
whatever he was cooking. What is the order of the processing stages this burnt smell will go through
to become a long-term memory for Miguel?
A.
Consolidation, storage, recognition, recall
B.
Storage, consolidation, encoding, recognition
C.
Storage, visuospatial loop, encoding, recall
D.
Encoding, consolidation, storage, retrieval
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #50
Topic: Three Types of Memory
51.
(p. 258)
Of the following, ____________ is the first processing stage in long-term memory.
A. storage
B. retrieval
C. encoding
D. consolidation
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #51
Topic: Three Types of Memory
52.
(p. 259)
________________, as a stage in long-term memory, is the means by which one attends to, takes in,
and processes new information.
A. Consolidation
B. Encoding
C. Storage
D. Retrieval
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #52
Topic: Three Types of Memory
53.
(p. 259)
How well one remembers the material one studies for one’s exam begins with one’s effective:
A. retrieval.
B. recognition.
C. storage.
D. encoding.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #53
Topic: Three Types of Memory
54.
(p. 259)
Which of the following is true about encoding as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. It is the retention of memory over time.
B. It is the process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory.
C. It is driven by attention.
D. It is the recovery of information stored in memory.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #54
Topic: Three Types of Memory
55.
(p. 259)
_________________ processing happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
A. Effortful
B. Automatic
C. Structural
D. Phonological
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #55
Topic: Three Types of Memory
56.
(p. 259)
Which of the following is true about automatic processing?
A. It involves rehearsal of the information.
B. It is the basis of semantic memory.
C. It happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
D. It goes from short-term to long-term memory.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #56
Topic: Three Types of Memory
57.
(p. 259)
Meg easily recalls which route she took this morning to the salon that is three blocks away. This kind
of recalling involves _______________ processing.
A. structural
B. phonological
C. effortful
D. automatic
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #57
Topic: Three Types of Memory
58.
(p. 259)
Which of the following is true about effortful processing?
A. It is the basis of semantic memory.
B. It happens with little effort or conscious attention to the task.
C. Experiences stored with the help of effortful processing are less likely to be recalled later.
D. Episodic memory involves effortful processing.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #58
Topic: Three Types of Memory
59.
(p. 259)
____________ processing occurs when one carefully attends and puts conscious effort into
remembering information.
A. Automatic
B. Structural
C. Phonological
D. Effortful
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #59
Topic: Three Types of Memory
60.
(p. 259)
Demir is paying careful attention to his class notes and textbook, trying to master the material for an
upcoming exam. Demir is engaging in:
A.
consolidation.
B. automatic processing.
C.
retrieval.
D. effortful processing.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #60
Topic: Three Types of Memory
61.
(p. 259)
Advancing age tends to lessen recall for events and experiences that require ____________ processing
but not ______________ processing.
A. structural; effortful
B. effortful; automatic
C. automatic; phonological
D. phonological; structural
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #61
Topic: Three Types of Memory
62.
(p. 259)
Oscar is trying to remember the names of people he meets at his new job. He says he will remember
the name of his co-worker Trish, because she always has a dish of candy on her desk, and “Trish”
rhymes with “dish.” This is an example of ______ processing.
A. semantic
B. phonemic
C. automatic
D. structural
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #62
Topic: Three Types of Memory
63.
(p. 260)
While studying ______________ processing, researchers ask questions such as “Is the word in capital
letters?”
A. phonemic
B. effortful
C. structural
D. semantic
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #63
Topic: Three Types of Memory
64.
(p. 260)
To study _______________, researchers ask questions to focus participants’ attention on the sound of
the word.
A. structural processing
B. midlevel processing
C. semantic processing
D. effortful processing
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #64
Topic: Three Types of Memory
65.
(p. 260)
In the context of word-recall studies, ______ is the deepest level of processing.
A.
semantic processing
B.
automatic processing
C.
structural processing
D.
phonemic processing
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #65
Topic: Three Types of Memory
66.
(p. 260)
Participants in studies of __________________ are asked to think about the meaning of the words.
A. semantic processing
B. automatic processing
C. effortful processing
D. phonemic processing
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #66
Topic: Three Types of Memory
67.
(p. 261)
To remember the four bases found in DNA—thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine—Luke
makes up a sentence using the first letter from each base as the first letters for his words, repeating
to himself, “The Girl Ate Cookies.” Which of the following did Luke use in this scenario?
A.
The method of loci
B.
A mnemonic device
C.
Chunking
D.
Rhyming
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #67
Topic: Three Types of Memory
68.
(p. 261)
“ROY G. BIV” is an example of a(n) _____________ that helps one remember the colors of the
rainbow—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
A.
antonym
B.
alliteration
C. acronym
D. synonym
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #68
Topic: Three Types of Memory
69.
(p. 261)
The second stage of long-term memory formation is:
A. storage.
B. consolidation.
C. retrieval.
D. encoding.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #69
Topic: Three Types of Memory
70.
(p. 261)
Which of the following is true about consolidation as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. A consolidated memory is resistant to distraction, interference, and decay.
B. Consolidation is the retention of memory over time.
C.
Consolidation helps remember where one put that birthday gift that one had bought earlier.
D. The process of consolidation happens in two ways: automatic processing and effortful processing.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #70
Topic: Three Types of Memory
71.
(p. 261)
For which state of long-term memory formation is sleep vital?
A.
Encoding
B.
Storage
C.
Retrieval
D.
Consolidation
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #71
Topic: Three Types of Memory
72.
(p. 262)
____________, the retention of memory over time, is the third stage of long-term memory
formation.
A. Consolidation
B. Encoding
C. Storage
D. Retrieval
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #72
Topic: Three Types of Memory
73.
(p. 262)
Which of the following is true about storage as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A. The process of storing is driven by attention.
B.
Storage refers to processes like remembering where one put a birthday gift one had bought earlier.
C. A stored memory is resistant to distraction, interference, and decay.
D.
Memories are stored in at least three ways: hierarchies, schemas, and networks.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #73
Topic: Three Types of Memory
74.
(p. 262)
________________ can be defined as mental frameworks that develop from one’s experiences with
particular objects or events.
A.
Networks
B. Data designs
C. Hierarchies
D. Schemas
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #74
Topic: Three Types of Memory
75.
(p. 262)
_________________ acts as a filter through which one encodes and organizes information about one’s
world.
A. Schemas
B.
Networks
C. Hierarchies
D. Data designs
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #75
Topic: Three Types of Memory
76.
(p. 262)
The psychological process that binds concepts together is termed as:
A. consolidation.
B. encoding.
C. retrieval.
D. association.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #76
Topic: Three Types of Memory
77.
(p. 262)
A(n) _____________ is a chain of linkages between related concepts.
A. parallel distributed processing
B. tensor product network
C. neural network
D. associative network
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #77
Topic: Three Types of Memory
78.
(p. 262)
Each concept or association in a network is referred to as a:
A. schema.
B. node.
C. rod.
D. cone.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #78
Topic: Three Types of Memory
79.
(p. 262)
______________ are computer models that imitate the way neurons talk to each other.
A.
Data warehouses
B. Associative networks
C. Neural networks
D. Expert systems
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #79
Topic: Three Types of Memory
80.
(p. 263)
_____________ is a well-known model of memory storage that integrates associative and neural
networks.
A. Cybernetics
B. Parallel distributed processing
C.
Dynamic systems processing
D.
Brainstorming
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #80
Topic: Three Types of Memory
81.
(p. 263)
Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory storage propose that:
A. an individual attempting to encode new information must repeatedly rehearse that information.
B.
the spread of activation ensures all memories have equal chances of getting stored.
C.
the neural circuitry involved in long-term retention simultaneously evolved in humans and
nonhuman primates.
D. associations involve the simultaneous activity of many nodes.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #81
Topic: Three Types of Memory
82.
(p. 263)
Jiao is trying to remember where she kept the receipt of the birthday gift she bought her mother. In
which stage of long-term memory processing is Jiao engaged?
A.
Storage
B.
Retrieval
C.
Encoding
D.
Consolidation
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #82
Topic: Three Types of Memory
83.
(p. 263)
Which of the following is true about retrieval as a processing stage in long-term memory?
A.
It refers to the knowledge one holds for almost any behavior or physical skill one learns.
B.
Psychologists describe two kinds of retrieval process: automatic processing and effortful
processing.
C. It is the recovery of information stored in memory.
D.
It is the third stage of long-term memory formation.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #83
Topic: Three Types of Memory
84.
(p. 263)
________________ memories are retrieved without conscious effort.
A. Semantic
B. Iconic
C. Implicit
D. Echoic
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #84
Topic: Three Types of Memory
85.
(p. 263)
______________ memories are the ones that require conscious effort for retrieval.
A. Explicit
B. Procedural
C.
Working
D. Echoic
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #85
Topic: Three Types of Memory
86.
(p. 263)
The inability to remember the name of a person only minutes after meeting her, even if he repeats her
name immediately after hearing it, is a common __________ problem.
A.
structural
B.
morphological
C. retrieval
D.
positioning
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #86
Topic: Three Types of Memory
87.
(p. 264)
The _____________ is a region of the brain that plays an important part in attention, appropriate
social behavior, impulse control, and working memory.
A.
renal cortex
B.
adrenal cortex
C.
cell cortex
D. prefrontal cortex
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #87
Topic: Biological Basis
88.
(p. 265)
Hebb’s law states that:
A.
neurons release the same set of transmitters at all of their synapses.
B.
the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
C.
neurons that fire together wire together.
D.
when the synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires and excites another neuron, there is a temporary
change in the receiving neuron.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #88
Topic: Biological Basis
89.
(p. 265)
____________ are networks of nerve cells that persist even after stimulation has stopped.
A. Feature detectors
B. Cell assemblies
C. Olfactory neurons
D. Glial cells
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #89
Topic: Biological Basis
90.
(p. 266)
Researcher Eric Kandel’s work with sea slugs showed that:
A. repetition of experiences can actually lead to synaptic death.
B.
conversion from short-term to long-term memory storage requires spaced repetition.
C. the neuronal basis for memory in lower animals is extremely different than that of humans.
D. repeated experience does not strengthen long-term potentiation.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #90
Topic: Biological Basis
91.
(p. 266)
Aricept and Reminyl are two medications that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for
the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease because they:
A.
facilitate in reconstructing the hippocampus.
B.
boost levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
C. thicken the cortex of the frontal lobes.
D. prevent deterioration of the temporal lobes.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #91
Topic: Biological Basis
92.
(p. 266)
Research shows that flies bred to have an excess of CREB exhibited:
A. olfactory deficits.
B. an inability to remember their offspring.
C. excellent memories.
D. aggression toward unfamiliar flies.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #92
Topic: Biological Basis
93.
(p. 267)
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of prescription and nonprescription
stimulants on memory?
A.
The negative effects of prescription drugs such as Adderall or Ritalin happen only in low doses.
B.
Caffeine in general and over-the-counter energy drinks have no effects in their capacity to enhance
memory.
C.
Higher doses of prescription stimulants can actually interfere with and block memory formation.
D.
There is nonclinical trial evidence that long-term, foods and drinks rich in flavonoids reduce
memory and impair cognitive function.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #93
Topic: Biological Basis
94.
(p. 267)
The most solid evidence of the effects of herbs on memory suggests that the ground-up leaves of
the ______ tree can be moderately effective in delaying symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s
disease.
A. ginkgo biloba
B.
portulaca oleracea
C. echinacea
D. St. John’s wort
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #94
Topic: Biological Basis
95.
(p. 267)
Which of the following is a protein that switches on genes responsible for the development of new
synapses?
A.
CREB
B.
Ghrelin
C.
Insulin
D.
GABA
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #95
Topic: Biological Basis
96.
(p. 269)
Electrical stimulation of the brain is technically called ______.
A.
transcranial direct current stimulation
B.
cortical stimulation
C.
transcranial magnetic stimulation
D.
peripheral nerve and field stimulation
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #96
Topic: Biological Basis
97.
(p. 269)
Which of the following statements is true about transcranial direct current stimulation?
A.
The technique is usually considered painless and safe.
B.
A very high voltage is administered via four or more electrodes placed on the scalp of an
individual.
C.
Research indicates that negatively charged stimulation increases memory in general.
D.
Transcranial electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe during slow wave sleep impairs recall of word
pairs among people.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #97
Topic: Biological Basis
98.
(p. 271)
The _____ cortex is located in the occipital lobes.
A.
auditory
B.
visual
C.
somatosensory
D.
olfactory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #98
Topic: Biological Basis
99.
(p. 271)
Which cortex is located in the temporal lobes?
A.
Auditory
B.
Olfactory
C.
Somatosensory
D.
Visual
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #99
Topic: Biological Basis
100.
(p. 271)
The ______ cortex is located in the parietal lobes.
A.
visual
B.
auditory
C.
somatosensory
D.
olfactory
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #100
Topic: Biological Basis
101.
(p. 271)
Which of the following senses lack their own processing regions?
A.
Sound
B.
Taste
C.
Vision
D.
Touch
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #101
Topic: Biological Basis
102.
(p. 271)
Memory consolidation takes place in the:
A.
amygdala.
B.
prefrontal cortex.
C.
hippocampus.
D.
pons.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #102
Topic: Biological Basis
103.
(p. 273)
Of the following, _____ occurs mostly in the cortex.
A.
encoding
B.
priming
C.
retrieving
D.
rehearsing
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #103
Topic: Biological Basis
104.
(p. 273)
Memories for behaviors and skills are implicit and are mostly processed in the:
A.
subcortex.
B.
neocortex.
C.
parietal lobe.
D.
temporal lobe.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #104
Topic: Biological Basis
105.
(p. 274)
The ______ is involved in assigning emotional significance to events and is crucial in encoding
information relevant to emotional experiences.
A.
thalamus
B.
fornix
C.
hippocampus
D.
amygdala
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #105
Topic: Biological Basis
106.
(p. 274)
Monita, a three-year-old, is afraid of going to the park because she had had an accident there. Which
part of Monita’s brain is most involved in this case?
A.
Inferior colliculus
B.
Nucleus accumbens
C.
Amygdala
D.
Cerebellum
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #106
Topic: Biological Basis
107.
(p. 275)
Someone who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will:
A.
experience a shift from one personality to another when under extreme stress.
B.
alternate between feelings of extreme hopelessness and extreme elation.
C.
relive an extremely traumatic event over and over.
D.
experience neurological symptoms such as blindness and paralysis with no organic cause.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #107
Topic: Biological Basis
108.
(p. 276)
_____ occurs when other information competes with the information we are trying to recall.
A.
Repression
B.
Interference
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Blocking
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #108
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
109.
(p. 276)
_____ interference occurs when new experiences or information causes people to forget previously
learned experiences or information.
A.
Long-term
B.
Output
C.
Proactive
D.
Retroactive
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #109
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
110.
(p. 276)
Keith first studied for his sociology exam and then for his psychology exam in the same evening.
When it was time for him to take his sociology exam, all he could remember was psychology material.
Keith’s forgetting is an example of:
A.
retrograde amnesia.
B.
proactive interference.
C.
retroactive interference.
D.
anterograde amnesia.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #110
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
111.
(p. 276)
_____ interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new
information.
A.
Output
B.
Long-term
C.
Proactive
D.
Retroactive
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #111
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
112.
(p. 276)
Chelsea is trying to learn Spanish. However, she is finding it difficult to learn Spanish because of her
tendency to apply English grammar to the Spanish language. This is an example of:
A.
decay.
B.
proactive interference.
C.
the forgetting curve.
D.
retroactive interference.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #112
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
113.
(p. 276)
Research on forgetting began in the 1880s with Herman Ebbinghaus, who found that recall shows a
steady decline over time. This decline is now termed as Ebbinghaus’s:
A.
forgetting curve.
B.
serial position effect.
C.
neurological basis for forgetting.
D.
connection between memory and the amygdala.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #113
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
114.
(p. 276)
_____ is a form of forgetfulness that involves attention as well as memory.
A.
Absent-mindedness
B.
Repression
C.
Interference
D.
Blocking
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #114
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
115.
(p. 276)
Abdul looks around in his house for his wallet but cannot find it. He realizes that the last time he saw
his wallet was at the grocery store. He looks in the freezer and finds his wallet next to the ice cream he
bought at the store. Abdul’s forgetfulness most likely occurred because:
A.
the memory of his wallet was transient.
B.
the memory of the ice cream had persistence.
C.
his attention was divided.
D.
he experienced proactive interference.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #115
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
116.
(p. 277)
______ can be defined as the inability to retrieve some information that one once stored—say, a
person’s name or an old phone number.
A.
Suggestibility
B.
Blocking
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Interference
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #116
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
117.
(p. 277)
Diah says, “I know his name! He’s married to that famous actress, and he was in all those action
movies! His name begins with an A!…I just cannot remember it!” Diah is experiencing:
A.
divided attention.
B.
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
C.
proactive interference.
D.
repression.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #117
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
118.
(p. 277)
______, in which retrieval of memories that have been encoded and stored is actively inhibited, is the
unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.
A.
Absent-mindedness
B.
Interference
C.
Repression
D.
Suggestibility
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Feist – Chapter 07 #118
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
119.
(p. 277)
Repression is an example of:
A.
interference.
B.
absent-mindedness.
C.
blocking.
D.
suggestibility.
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #119
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
120.
(p. 277)
_____ occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions, comments, or
suggestions from someone else or some other source.
A.
Implanting
B.
Suggestibility
C.
Absent-mindedness
D.
Anterograde amnesia
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #120
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
121.
(p. 278)
_____ memories are memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or
something.
A.
Semantic
B.
Recovered
C.
False
D.
Working
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #121
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
122.
(p. 278)
Vivienne had a vivid memory of being nearly kidnapped as a child. However, this never happened.
This erroneous recall is an example of a(n):
A.
false memory.
B.
repressed memory.
C.
autobiographical memory.
D.
recovered memory.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #122
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
123.
(p. 278)
False memories are an example of:
A.
interference.
B.
blocking.
C.
repression.
D.
suggestibility.
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #123
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
124.
(p. 278)
A memory from a real event, which was encoded and stored and not retrieved for a long period of
time, but then is retrieved after some later event brings it suddenly to consciousness, is termed as a
_____ memory.
A.
false
B.
recovered
C.
blocked
D.
repressed
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Feist – Chapter 07 #124
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
125.
(p. 278)
Denji, a 44-year-old man, almost gets hit by a car while crossing a road. He suddenly remembers
being in a terrible car accident as a small child. His father confirms that it did, indeed, happen, but
they never discussed it with Denji. Psychologists would call this a(n):
A.
false memory.
B.
autobiographical memory.
C.
recovered memory.
D.
repressed memory.
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Feist – Chapter 07 #125
Topic: Forgetting
Topic: Memory Loss
7 Summary
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 125
APA Outcome: 5.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 71
APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology 39
APA Outcome: 5.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving 14
Blooms: Apply 15
Blooms: Remember 79
Blooms: Understand 31
Difficulty: Basic 81
Difficulty: Hard 11
Difficulty: Medium 33
Feist – Chapter 07 125
Topic: Biological Basis 21
Topic: Forgetting 18
Topic: Memory Loss 18
Topic: Three Types of Memory 86
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Badlands75RT @C_Stroop: Someone recently argued that we need a new Billy Graham; I wish Graham’s urgent public Evangelicalism had died with him. America needs a new Fred Rogers. His Christianity I can approve of. It wasn’t a spectacle; Mr. Rogers just genuinely cared for people. We didn’t deserve him. https://t.co/luZA0gKPFD
Someone recently argued that we need a new Billy Graham; I wish Graham’s urgent public Evangelicalism had died with him.
America needs a new Fred Rogers. His Christianity I can approve of. It wasn’t a spectacle; Mr. Rogers just genuinely cared for people. We didn’t deserve him. https://t.co/luZA0gKPFD
— Christopher Stroop (@C_Stroop) February 25, 2018
from Twitter https://twitter.com/Badlands75
February 26, 2018 at 07:19PM
via IFTTT
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#exmas#movie#movies#filmedit#filmedits#kiss#kisses#kissing#leighton meester#robbie amell#gif#gifs#gifset#rom com#romantic comedy#christmas#ali moyer#graham stroop#the tension#mood#relatable#hot hot hot
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