A rendering of a rooftop terrace installed by the Parisian startup Roofscapes.
Paris When It Sizzles: The City of Light Aims to Get Smart on Heat
With its zinc roofs and minimal tree cover, Paris was not built to handle the new era of extreme heat. Now, like other cities worldwide, it is looking at ways to adapt to rising temperatures — planting rooftop terraces, rethinking its pavements, and greening its boulevards.
In many cities, this urban remodeling project is already underway. In New York City, workers and volunteers have planted over a million trees to add shade and clean the air. In Seville, Spain, city planners are using the technology of ancient underground waterways to provide cooling for the city without depending on air‑conditioning. In Freetown, Sierra Leone, officials are creating urban gardens, improving access to clean water, and erecting plexiglass awnings over outdoor markets. In Los Angeles, public works crews are painting streets white to increase reflectivity. In India, they are experimenting with green roofs, which absorb heat and create space to grow food.
But perhaps nowhere in the world do the challenges, as well as the opportunities, loom larger than in Paris, where nearly 80 percent of the buildings have zinc roofs — an affordable, corrosion-resistant and virtually inflammable innovation of the 19th century. But those roofs are, in the 21st century, deadly — heating up to 194 degrees F on a summer day. And because top‑floor garrets were not insulated, that heat is transferred directly into the rooms below.
More rooftops of the city! With the invention of the elevator the tops of city structures, so much more open to light and air, have gradually evolved during the 20th century into a second ground plane. This view of a block in Barcelona, with its characteristic chamferred corners, makes vivid the equivalence of the roofs with the courts at the center of the block. This particular block contains the famous Casa Mila by the organic Catalan architect Antonio Gaudi at the upper left. The roofscape of the Casa Mila is animated with the curves of the building and the organic shapes of the chimneys.
Our own work in Philadelphia consciously follows this trend. The Hamilton is a courtyard building following the pattern of European cities. Both the courtyard and the roof are active spaces in which tenants benefit from exposure to light and air. We have plenty of mechanical equipment that does not get in the way. The equipment is not, however, twisted into organic shapes!
More rooftops of the city! With the invention of the elevator the tops of city structures, so much more open to light and air, have gradually evolved during the 20th century into a second ground plane. This view of a block in Barcelona, with its characteristic chamferred corners, makes vivid the equivalence of the roofs with the courts at the center of the block. This particular block contains the famous Casa Mila by the organic Catalan architect Antonio Gaudi at the upper left. The roofscape of the Casa Mila is animated with the curves of the building and the organic shapes of the chimneys.
Our own work in Philadelphia consciously follows this trend. The Hamilton is a courtyard building following the pattern of European cities. Both the courtyard and the roof are active spaces in which tenants benefit from exposure to light and air. We have plenty of mechanical equipment that does not get in the way. The equipment is not, however, twisted into organic shapes!
Foster + Partners shelters subterranean art gallery with pyramidal roofscape
Four peaks clad in weathering steel cover the underground galleries at the Datong Art Museum, which British architecture studio Foster + Partners has completed in northern China.
The 32,000-square-metre art museum, which is now open in Datong, is designed by Foster + Partners as an "urban living room" with facilities for both artists and the public.