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whencyclopedia · 2 days

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Marie de France

Marie de France (wrote c. 1160-1215 CE) was a multilingual poet and translator, the first female poet of France, and a highly influential literary voice of 12th-century CE Europe. She is credited with establishing the literary genre of chivalric literature (though this is contested), contributing to the development of the Arthurian Legend, and developing the Breton lais (a short poem) as an art form. Marie's published works include:

Lais (including the Arthurian works Chevrefueil and Lanval)

Aesop's Fables (a translation from Middle English to French) and other fables

St. Patrick's Purgatory (also known as The Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick)

She was trilingual, writing in the Francien (Parisian) dialect with a command of Latin and Middle English. Her lais were developed from the earlier Breton lais poetic form and so she must have also known Celtic Breton and been acquainted with Brittany. Her works influenced later poets, notably Geoffrey Chaucer, and her imagery in St. Patrick's Purgatory would be used by later writers in depictions of the Christian afterlife.

Marie's works were popular in aristocratic circles but frequently featured lower-class characters as more worthy and noble than their supposed social superiors and always cast women as strong central characters. Her vision of female equality has led to her designation as a proto-feminist in the modern day, and her works remain as popular as they were in her lifetime.

Identity

Her actual name is unknown – `Marie de France' is a pen name given her only in the 16th century CE. All that is known of her comes from her work in which she identifies herself as Marie from France. Based on details in her work including knowledge of place names and geography, and the sources she drew from, scholars have determined that Marie spent a significant amount of time in England at the court of Henry II (r. 1154-1189 CE) and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204 CE).

Scholars suggest Marie may have been Henry's half-sister who perhaps followed him from Normandy to England when he was crowned king in 1154 CE. The Lais of Marie de France are dedicated to “a noble king” who is most likely Henry II but precisely how Marie meant this dedication is unclear. Marie's poetry often features women imprisoned or otherwise poorly treated by men and this theme mirrors Henry's relationship with Eleanor.

Throughout their marriage, Henry was unfaithful to his wife numerous times and carried on an open affair with the noblewoman Rosamund Clifford. When Henry's sons rebelled in 1173-1174 CE with Eleanor's support, the king had her imprisoned for the next 16 years. This same sort of relationship, often with similar details, appears in a number of Marie's works. Further, Henry does not seem to have been as fond of poetry and poets as his wife was and so an interpretation of Marie's dedication as sarcastic is probable.

In modern-day scholarship, Marie is almost always credited with establishing the genre of chivalric literature, but this seems unlikely as her works clearly draw on a pre-existing tradition of courtly love literature whose central motifs she inverts. In courtly love poetry, the knight is seen rescuing the damsel in distress; in Marie's works, the knight is often the one who has imprisoned her in the first place or, sometimes, the one in need of rescue.

#History #CourtlyLove #EleanorofAquitaine #Guinevere #WHE #[#]

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sugarhog-au · 1 year

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he got caught, oops.

#shadow the hedgehog #sonia the hedgehog #sonic au #sugarhog au #sth #sonic is a gremlin #shadow caught him snooping #disappointed look #whe #old art

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jolieoneironjewels · 2 months

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Ocean star necklace 🐋

A gift for myself 🩵

#handmade #handmade earrings #handmade jewelry #jewellery #jewelry #handmade jewels #necklace #jewel #jewels #whale shark #ocean #sea #water #star #moon #shark #whe #whale #dkks #xxs #se #cx

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boxonarock · 2 years

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no one can hear you cry in space

#messenger nia #nia teppelin #tengen toppa gurren lagann #gurren lagann #ttgl #anime #girl help listening to a 38 min ttgl playlist on repeat #oh my fuckein god when #whe #when nia fuckn #wh #whe sh #she tries to stop simon #help #fanart #my art #swagman

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esompthinfics · 1 year

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Whether or not its true, my personal theory is that Janus is not actually Deceit, but Self Care. Either that or it will be Deceit and Patton’s fusion

That's a pretty neat theory, friend

Heres some fun info about whe for anyone interested;

We are currently at the very beginning of Part 2 of this fic. There will be 3 Parts total, and will probably be like 200 chapters lmao whoopsie

Also, I got a new job! A very exciting job in my field of experience. So from now on we'll be uploading Whe every Friday!

I hope you enjoy this more regular schedule :')

This Friday we'll be posting Chapter 69 (nice)

Lastly, I won't be changing the maturity rating of the fic, but I will be adding extra one shots to the Wheverse. Most of the one shots will be the canon smut that takes place within whe. They'll be posted in narrative order.

Thank you to everyone who has supported this fic throughout its long ass run time. We still have a lot more to go. And hello to all our new friends!

To everyone who said they binge read over 150,000 in a day - you are diagnosed as Hyperfocus and you scare me <3

See you Friday!

#sanders sides #ts sides #whe #janus sanders

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dluxaj · 7 months

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You guys, have NO idea how funny this is to me, getting the prompt "whe"

Then drawing, a hyperFUking Accurate JON ARBUCKLE, running out of time whole doing garf, and ending Up with A CHILL AS JON MEXT TO A GARFLED FETUS CREATUREJSNNN

EDIT: BEST PART, O HAD PLENTY OF TIME TO DO GARF BUT I COULDNT CAUSE I WENT FROM MY DESK TO ROLLING ON THE GROUND, LIKE ACTUALLY HURTING MY CORE MUSCLES, AND LAUGHING

#gartic phone #garfield #art #jon arbuckle #whe #young stroker the body snatcher

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marrrchy-emmet · 6 months

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AHHHH I NEED HIM TO STEP ON ME‼️‼️‼️

WHO WHAT

#HUH #WHE #ASK #ANON

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arachine · 2 years

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dies

dies with you 🪦

#ME WHEN HE #WHEN #WHE #WH #HE.#HIM.#HEEEEEEEE #evil twin 🧸🫶🏽💞#‹ ଘ(੭*ˊᵕˋ)੭*♡‧₊˚𝐛𝐚𝐛𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐬 ᥫ᭡ .ᐟ ›

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minwooks-moved · 2 years

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#whe #when h #when he #hangyul #hangyul.173. ! ♡#biases.net. ! ♡#millie.dotnet. ! 🌸#useroro #ina.dotnet. ! 🌈#eri.dotnet. ! 🍓#q’d <3

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whencyclopedia · 2 days

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Buddhism in Ancient Japan

Buddhism was introduced to ancient Japan via Korea in the 6th century CE with various sects following in subsequent centuries via China. It was readily accepted by both the elite and ordinary populace because it confirmed the political and economic status quo, offered a welcoming reassurance to the mystery of the afterlife, and complemented existing Shinto beliefs. Buddhist monasteries were established across the country, and they became powerful political players in their own right. Buddhism was also a key driver in fostering literacy, education in general, and the arts in ancient Japan.

Introduction to Japan

Buddhism was introduced into Japan in either 538 CE or 552 CE (traditional date) from the Korean kingdom of Baekje (Paekche). It was adopted by the Soga clan particularly, which had Korean roots and was practised by the significant Korean immigrant population in Japan at that time. Buddhism received official government support in 587 CE during the reign of Emperor Yomei (585-587 CE), even if some aristocratic clan groups (the Monobe and Nakatomi especially) opposed it and still adhered to purely Shinto beliefs. Buddhism reinforced the idea of a layered society with different levels of social status with the emperor very much at the top and protected by the Four Guardian Kings of Buddhist law. The aristocracy could also handily claim that they enjoyed their privileged position in society because they had accumulated merit in a previous life.

In addition to the reinforcement, Buddhism gave to the status quo; the adoption of Buddhism, it was hoped, would be looked on favourably by the more advanced neighbouring cultures of Korea and China and enhance Japan's reputation as a rising civilised nation in East Asia. Once officially adopted, monks, scholars, and students were regularly sent to China to learn the tenets of Buddhism in more depth and bring back that knowledge, along with art and even sometimes relics, for the benefit of the Japanese people.

#History #AncientJapan #Buddhism #Byodo-in #WHE #[#]

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karlstad · 1 year

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