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usafphantom2 · 2 months

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13 Sukhois in 13 days: Ukrainians are slaughtering more Russian jets because Russia is flying and bombing more often.

Russian losses are becoming unsustainable.

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 03/03/2024 - 17:30in Military, War Zones

The Ukrainian Ministry of Defense said on Saturday that its air defense troops shot down another Sukhoi Su-34 fighter from the Russian air force: the 11º Su-34 that the Ukrainians claimed to have destroyed in just two weeks alongside two Sukhoi Su-35 fighters and a rare Beriev A-50 radar plane.

The series of unprecedented air strikes by Ukrainians - 14 planes in 13 days - demonstrates the bravery and skill of air defenders and the effectiveness of their unique and integrated air defense system, which combines old Soviet radars and missiles with the latest Western radars and missiles.

Destroying russian jets is a new great tradition!

The Ukrainian Air Force shot down another Su-34 in the eastern direction.

Nice job, warriors! pic.twitter.com/kpOpeq6sGQ

— Defense of Ukraine (@DefenceU) March 2, 2024

But it also speaks of a Russian compulsion to inflict as much damage as possible on Ukraine, as soon as possible. One of the reasons why Ukrainians are slaughtering so many Russian planes is that the Russians are carrying out more bombing missions than ever before.

On Thursday, according to Ukrainian analyst Alexander Kovalenko, the Russian air force launched more than 150 missions involving Su-34, Su-35 and Sukhoi Su-25 attack jets. There are 10 more daily sorties than the Russian air force carried out during its previous more intense airstrike, concomitant with the initial advance of the Russian army towards Kiev, in the first weeks of Russia's two-year broader war against Ukraine.

Each Sukhoi carries tons of bombs or rockets and poses a serious threat to Ukrainian troops on the ground. But each Sukhoi is also the target of the same troops. "This intensity of Russian aircraft flights allows us to capture them more often," Kovalenko wrote.

The approximately one hundred Su-34 survivors are responsible for most of the 150 daily missions. A typical Russian Air Force attack package includes two double-seat Su-34s, each carrying four GPS-guided KAB glider bombs, as well as an escort single-seat Su-35 carrying air-to-air and anti-radar missiles.

A segment from a newly published Russian MoD video that shows four UMPKs deploy their wings after being released from a VKS Su-34. pic.twitter.com/NdFeyXUYpb

— Guy Plopsky (@GuyPlopsky) February 26, 2024

The rudimentary KABs - 1,100 and 3,300 pound bombs equipped with satellite orientation and removable wings - are the favorite weapons of the Russians. Flying high and fast, a Su-34 can launch a KAB with reasonable precision at a target up to 40 kilometers away.

This is far enough to keep the Sukhoi out of reach of the lightest air defense weapons, but not enough to keep the jets out of range of heavier air defense weapons such as the American-made Patriots and the former Soviet S-200s.

Most Russian jets drop their bombs and return safely to the base. On average, in the last two weeks, Ukrainians have not sholled more than one in a hundred Russian planes in the air near the front lines on a given day.

Surviving planes together can launch more than a hundred KABs in 24 hours. On Thursday, according to Kovalenko, “an absolute record for KAB use was set: 152!”

Each KAB contains enough explosive charge to demolish a bunker or knock down a building. The glider bomb is an urban demolition weapon. “These bombs completely destroy any position,” wrote Egor Sugar, a soldier of the 3rdª Assault Brigade of the Ukrainian Army, who fought in the bloody four-month battle in Avdiivka in eastern Ukraine.

This battle ended with a Ukrainian withdrawal two weeks ago, after the Russian Sukhois launched hundreds of KABs on Avdiivka - making the city impossible to replenish and defend.

What the Kremlin apparently took from its Avdiivka campaign is that even a poorly led ground force, suffering cataclysmic casualties - at least 16,000 Russians died when uprooting Avdiivka from the 2,000 Ukrainian troops defending the city center - can prevail when it attacks under the cover of devastating air strikes with firepower.

We know that the Russians internalized this strategy because, two weeks after Avdiivka fell into the hands of the KABs and infantry masses, they are repeating the strategy.

Today the Russians are trying to take the village of Tonen'ke, eight kilometers west of Avdiikva. They are trying to catch her... flattening her with up to 30 KABs in a single day. “The enemy sweeps the village of Tonen'ke from the face of the Earth,” Kovalenko wrote.

It is difficult to say how many of the 13 Sukhois that Ukrainians have shot down since the fall of Avdiivka were bombing Tonen'ke when a Ukrainian missile reached them. But it is safe to say that the Russians are buying the small Tonen'ke - a cluster with about a hundred houses - at the cost of several 50 million dollar warplanes and possibly their crews.

Perhaps the Kremlin considers this an acceptable exchange. Even so, it is unsustainable. The Russian air force has already lost a quarter of its Su-34s and is quickly depleting the surviving jets and their crews, as it flies them stronger and stronger in a growing campaign of bombings with the KABs.

It is no exaggeration to say that the Kremlin chose this moment to spend a non-renewable energy of military resource - an air force that took decades to be built - in exchange for victories on the battlefield, which cannot be doubled once this resource has been spent.

And that is why more and more analysts are concluding that Russia is on the verge of bankruptcy in Ukraine at the moment: take the territory it can, as long as it can, with the understanding that the conditions may be less favorable - and its own firepower less abundant - next year.

"I would be very optimistic about the potential of Ukraine in 2025, with Russia kind of, in its arrogance, launching constant offensives, losing many people," said this month Max Bergmann, a specialist in Russia at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.

But Bergmann made his assessment conditional on one thing: the resumption of U.S. military aid to Ukraine. The United States was the main supplier of its best weapons to Ukraine - including Patriot air defense missiles - until Russian-friendly Republicans in the U.S. Congress cut aid from October.

If this aid is resumed, Ukrainians can continue to slaughter Sukhois at a rate of one per day. In a few weeks, the Su-34 force of the Russian air force would be exhausted to the point of irrelevance - and the current storm of KABs... should disappear.

Source: Forbes

Tags: Military AviationRFSAF - Russian Federation Aerospace Force/Russian Aerospace ForceSukhoi Su-34 FullbackWar Zones - Russia/Ukraine

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Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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kaiserin-erzsebet · 2 years

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Why people in Dracula speak German

So, since the first chapters of Dracula are the talk of the town right now, it is a good time to talk about Habsburg government and linguistic policy. There is a lot of passing detail that hints at the diversity of the empire that are worth unpacking in the first two chapters. And there is a good historical reason why German is a useful language for Jonathan.

There is a read more because this gets a little long.

For those not familiar with this region, it may not be immediately obvious that this is the Habsburg (or perhaps more familiarly the Austro-Hungarian) Empire. Jonathan doesn’t explicitly mention it. And there isn’t really a need to, since a contemporary reader would have recognized it as such. Romania existed as a state starting in the 1860s, but did not have its modern boundaries. Transylvania remained a part of Hungarian half of the Habsburg empire until World War 1, when the Treaty of Trianon would greatly expand Romania’s borders to include Transylvania.

The location markers that we are given tell us that this story is taking place right at the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian empire.

This area had been part of the empire since the Austrians and Hungarians drove the Ottoman empire out of this part of Central Europe. Which the Count alludes to in this description, although clearly from a Romanian perspective:

It may be a bit less clear to a modern reader that everyone Jonathan encounters is living under Habsburg rule. The empire isn’t very visibly present because authority was often devolved to local governors on these peripheries.

But even without all that information, it is evident that he’s traveling through the Habsburg empire from center to periphery. He starts his travels in Vienna and travels through Hungary (he mentions seeing Budapest out of the train windows), and then into Transylvania. It provides a frame for Jonathan’s own biases as a Londoner. He sees Vienna and Budapest as familiar (and “Western”) because they are imperial cities, and the countryside as unfamiliar and “Eastern.”

The way Jonathan refers to places is also a clue that he’s orienting himself based on imperial maps - which would have been in German. He calls the city Klausenberg as opposed to Cluj-Napoca (or Kolozsvár in Hungarian) and calls the town closest to the castle Bistritz (instead of Bistrița or Beszterce.) It is very evident that he’s using German imperial records to plan this trip.

The multinational nature of the empire appears in passing as he comments on the Czechs, Slovaks and Slovenes as he passes them. Interestingly, he doesn’t feel the need to point out that the townspeople are either Rumanian (Romanian) or Ruthenian (Ukrainian). The geographical placement would have made where he is in Transylvania a cultural crossroads between Magyars (Hungarians), Ruthenians and Rumanians. There is no question that the Count is Romanian, since he speaks of the Magyars as invaders. The slip into surname first conventions in the most recent part is a bit more ambiguous since that naming convention appears in both Hungarian and Romanian (though in Romanian it was reformed out in the later 19th century.)

So, why is Jonathan able to get along fairly well in German? Because it is the imperial language. While there was no top down imposition of German in the Habsburg empire like Russian in the Russian empire, it was a useful language to have some grasp of. It was used for government positions, so many educated people learned it to become civil servants. People like innkeepers, who Jonathan notes having enough of a grasp of the language to interact with him, would learn it because travelers might come from any part of the empire and it was a useful lingua franca. The Count speaks it perfectly presumably because he uses it to interact with the imperial government when he does come into contact with them and to conduct legal business.

Whether Jonathan would have had even more success communicating in Hungarian is an interesting hypothetical, since this is the Hungarian half of the Austro-Hungarian empire. But, it is also early enough after the Compromise that elevated Hungary that widespread Magyarization hadn’t really taken hold. Though Hungarian is a markedly harder language. Jonathan barely knows German; he definitely would not be able to function in Hungarian.

#dracula #dracula daily #some historical information about the setting for those interested #hello I am a Habsburg historian who finds these things interesting

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aiukrainesummaries · 10 months

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Conflict In Ukraine: The Unwinding of the Post-Cold War Order by Rajan Menon, Eugene B. Rumer and Deborah Chasman (2015)

• The conflict in Ukraine began in 2014 after President Yanukovych backed out of an EU trade deal and opted for closer economic ties with Russia instead. This led to mass protests known as the Maidan Revolution that ousted Yanukovych.

• Russia responded by annexing Crimea and supporting separatist groups in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine. This sparked an ongoing armed conflict between Ukrainian forces and the separatists.

• The authors argue that the conflict is rooted in the complex historical, ethnic, cultural, geopolitical and economic tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Ukraine's identity has long been divided between a western orientation and close ties to Russia.

• The conflict has been fueled by lingering resentments over historical events like the Holodomor famine under Soviet rule in the 1930s and different views over Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union.

• The authors claim that both Russian and Ukrainian leaders have exploited ethnic and nationalistic identities to mobilize popular support. But ultimately, Russia has been the more aggressive party by annexing Crimea and supporting the separatists.

• The conflict has been deeply damaging for Ukraine, resulting in thousands of deaths, huge economic costs and the loss of control over parts of its own territory. It has also severely strained Russia's relations with the West.

• The authors believe there is no military solution to the conflict, and a comprehensive diplomatic agreement that addresses Ukraine's political demands and Russia's security concerns is needed to resolve it. But he is not optimistic about the current prospects for reaching such a deal.

Some more key points:

• The conflict is a complex mix of territorial, geopolitical and identity issues. Ukraine wants to assert its own sovereignty and join Western institutions like NATO and the EU, while Russia sees this as an unacceptable threat to its interests.

• Russia claims it had to intervene in Crimea and eastern Ukraine to protect ethnic Russian and Russian-speaking populations there, as well as its crucial naval base in Sevastopol. But its real motives were also to prevent Ukraine drifting into the Western sphere of influence.

• The Minsk Agreements aimed to achieve a peace deal between Ukraine and the separatists, including political decentralization for Donbas. But they have largely failed due to lack of trust and commitment from both sides.

• Despite Western sanctions on Russia, Putin has shown little willingness to compromise on core Russian demands like Ukraine's exclusion from NATO and more autonomy for eastern Ukraine. Ukraine also refuses to make substantial concessions on federalism and the separatist territories' status.

• The conflict has severely damaged Ukraine's economy, displaced over 1.5 million people and threatens to become a "frozen conflict" like those in Moldova and Georgia. It has also contributed to a new era of East-West tensions and a breakdown in arms control.

• The authors argue that long-term solutions will require both sides to make politically difficult compromises and move beyond zero-sum thinking. International actors may also need to serve as mediators. But for now, the crisis appears likely to continue.

Criticism:

There has been some criticism of the book Conflict in Ukraine by Menon, Rumer and Chasman:

• Some critics argue that the book overlooks or downplays Ukraine's legitimate security concerns regarding Russia and Ukraine's right to self-determination. They say the authors are too sympathetic toward Russian perspectives.

• There is a view that the book undervalues the significance of Russia's aggression and illegal annexation of Crimea in causing the conflict. Some believe the authors are too critical of the West and NATO while going easy on Russia.

• The book has been faulted for providing an mostly geopolitical analysis that does not sufficiently consider domestic factors in Ukraine, like corruption, political divisions and the influence of oligarchs. This omits part of the broader context behind the events.

• Some reviewers note that the book focuses more on describing and analyzing the conflict rather than offering many concrete policy recommendations for resolving it. There is a call for more practical solutions and roadmaps.

• The authors' argument that compromise from all sides and a new European security framework are needed has been criticized as vague and lacking specifics. Critics argue more tangible proposals are required.

• Despite these critiques, the book is still praised for providing a thoughtful and nuanced account of the complex geopolitical, strategic and historical dynamics behind the Ukraine crisis and its wider regional implications. The authors make a valuable contribution to understanding this conflict.

So in summary, while the book garnered positive reviews overall, some critics argued that it failed to fully consider Ukraine's own agency and security concerns, was too soft toward Russia, lacked forward-looking policy solutions and overemphasized geopolitical analysis at the expense of domestic Ukrainian factors. But most reviews still commended the broad framing and analysis presented by the authors.

#ukraine #books #war in ukraine #ai generated #book summary

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xtruss · 1 year

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'First Come the Tanks, Then Come the Nukes': Trump Calls on Biden to End 'Crazy' Ukraine Conflict

— January 26, 2023 | Sputnik International | Fantine Gardinier

Nuclear explosion 1920

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Thursday that NATO states sending weapons to Ukraine was “perceived as direct involvement in the conflict” by Moscow, rather than being separate from it.

“First come the tanks, then come the nukes. Get this crazy war ended, now. So easy to do,” Trump said.”

The former US leader was referring to Biden’s decision earlier this week to ship nearly three dozen M1 Abrams main battle tanks to Ukraine as Poland agreed to send its own Leopard 2 tanks as well. Several NATO allies have also recently announced plans to send other light armored vehicles to Ukraine, too.

“Trump has railed against the dangers posed by US support for Ukraine since February 2022, when Russia launched its special operation in Ukraine and NATO rushed to prop up the Ukrainian military. He’s far from being alone in that, as critics from across the political spectrum and from many NATO states have warned of a variety of dangerous consequences from the conflict, ranging from fuel shortages to the outbreak of thermonuclear war.”

Biden: US to Send 31 Abrams Tanks to Ukraine, Training to Start ASAP. The NATO allies waging a proxy war against Russia in Ukraine have rushed in recent weeks to send their most potent weapons yet to the battlefields in the Donbass: armored fighting vehicles and main battle tanks.

Biden has shown his awareness of the dangers of nuclear war, warning of the risk of “Armageddon,” but has done so in a way that suggests Russian President Vladimir Putin was threatening to use nuclear weapons. In fact, Putin said Russian nuclear forces had been placed on high alert due to “aggressive” statements by NATO about Russia paying a “severe price” for the operation, and he said nuclear war can have no winners and should never be invoked.

Biden has also ignored several attempts by Moscow to begin negotiations to end the conflict in Ukraine and advised Kiev to abstain from talks as well, pinning their consideration on Russia's withdrawal from Russian-speaking regions that voted to leave Ukraine and join the Russian Federation.

Path to Peace

Moscow launched the operation in February 2022 with the aim of neutralizing the country as a potential base for NATO weapons. The operation came after months of failed talks in which Washington diplomats said Russia's security red lines were "non-starters," and Kiev dramatically ramped up its attacks on rebels in the Russian-speaking Donbass region, where neo-Nazi formations had pushed a war on Russophone Ukrainians since 2014 that had killed nearly 20,000 people by that time.

Moscow now demands Kiev de-Nazify its government and armed forces and declare itself a neutral state, giving up the goal of joining the NATO alliance that is presently written into its constitution.

What is the F-16 Falcon Fighter Jet NATO is Debating Shipping to Kiev?

Trump's Record on Escalation

“Ironically, when Trump was president, he was often accused by critics of attempting to start World War 3, variously with Iran, China, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). In August 2017, amid a tense showdown with US ally South Korea, Trump threatened the socialist state with “fire and fury like the world has never seen” if it continued to make threats against the US. Weeks later, Pyongyang tested its first thermonuclear weapon, and Trump soon proposed creating the W76-2 “micro-nuke,” which analysts warned was extremely dangerous because it lowered the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons.”

Despite the Russiagate accusations of collusion with Moscow, Trump was no less hostile toward Russia, either. During his tenure, the Pentagon and National Security Council declared a shift in the US’ strategic orientation away from the War on Terror and toward what it described as “great power competition” with Russia and China.

Trump also oversaw the continued basing of US forces along Russia’s western flank, weapons sales to Ukraine, and pushed ahead plans for the Aegis Ashore base in Redzikowo, Poland, and the overhaul of a similar base in Deveselu, Romania, which are capable of firing offensive strike missiles deep into Russia. He also signed the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA), a law passed by the Democrat-controlled Congress that punishes states for buying advanced military equipment from Russia and China, among other makers.

The former president recently restablished control over his accounts on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, following their suspension after the January 6, 2021, insurrection by his followers. He created the Truth Social platform in response to their suspension, but has so far not used his Twitter account since it was reactivated last October.

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shadcwdancrs · 3 years

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ekaterina mikhaylova;

“our ideology is ‘you can do what you want, too much is never enough’. we are the life, we are the light; we are the envy of the gods above.”

basics.

full name: ekaterina ‘erica’ aliena sofiy romanowicz mikhaylova, duchess of vitebsk. age, birthday: thirty three. / jan 11, 2087. gender, pronouns: genderfluid, she/they/he. will accept all gendered terms. sexual orientation: pansexual, polyamorous. birthplace: minsk, belarus. nationality: belarusian, polish. occupation: crown princess of belarus, duchess of vitebsk. betrothal status: betrothed to pedar glücksburg, prince of denmark. previously betrothed to theodore cellario, prince of monaco. previously betrothed to marcus o’rourke, prince of ireland. faceclaim: lyndsy fonseca.

appearance.

height: 5′4″. hair colour: dark brown. eye colour: blue. build: lithe, strong. tattoos: 'etoile’ across her right collarbone, several others i haven’t decided on yet. piercings: first and seconds, belly button, right ear helix, left ear daith, right nostril. scars: several i haven’t decided on yet.

psychology.

moral alignment: chaotic neutral. temperament: choleric. element: earth. zodiac: capricorn. mental disorders/conditions: bpd (undiagnosed), minor depression (undiagnosed).

family.

father: miroslav romanowicz mikhaylov. mother: unnamed popov [née wojciech] (biological mother). / natallia mikhaylova (step-mother). siblings: anastasya mikhaylova (32, younger sister), konstantin mikhaylov (30, younger brother), aksana mikhaylova (24, younger step-sister, not blood related), tetyana popova (28, younger half-sister), nikolai popov (25, younger half-brother), valentyna popova (24, youngest half-sibling). extended: svetlana kavaliuské (35, maternal cousin), rasa kavaliuské (33, maternal cousin), nevena maraš (32, paternal cousin), piotr wojciech (28, maternal cousin), ausra kavaliuské (27, maternal cousin), filipa wojciech (27, maternal cousin), henryk wojciech (26, maternal cousin), liliya mikhaylova (4, niece). pets: daisy (maltese shih tzu), jay (kelpie labrador).

misc.

language(s) spoken: belarusian, russian, polish, ukrainian, lithuanian, croatian, serbian, french, english, spanish, italian, mandarin. accent: belarusian, polish, plus a general amalgamation of a few eastern european accents. has been softened by her visits to western europe and favouritism for speaking english. drink: yes. smoke: yes.

bullet points.

---.

other notable connections.

alaya kazmir, princess of pakistan. murder accomplice, half-cousin (not blood related).

anna higgs, duchess of leinster. close friend, friends with benefits, fellow pr disaster, fellow not-cis friend.

anusha rai, crown princess of nepal. close friend, fellow pr disaster, fellow not-cis friend.

aurélie d’orléans, crown princess of france. future sister-in-law, fellow pr disaster.

benedict almeida. murder accomplice.

brielle d’orléans, princess of france. future sister-in-law, vaguely friendly.

charlie flanagan. soulmate, ex-boyfriend, best friend, ride or die, source of affection.

charlize d’orléans, princess of france. best friend, ride or die, sparring partner, fellow pr disaster, future sibling-in-law, fellow not-cis friend.

emerson ballantyne. murder accomplice.

emilia adley, crown princess of england. friend, fellow pr disaster.

frédéric könig, crown prince of switzerland. best friend, secret keeper, ride or die, future cousin-in-law.

grace cellario, princess of monaco. ex-girlfriend, best friend, source of affection.

jonas hertenstein, prince of germany. fellow not-cis friend.

lola gutierrez, princess of spain. best friend, source of affection (in denial).

lucille o’rourke, crown princess of ireland. best friend, fellow pr disaster.

marcus o’rourke, prince of ireland. enemy (affectionate), ex-betrothed, fellow not-cis friend.

morrigan flores, princess of canada. fellow pr disaster, hook-up.

pedar glücksburg, prince of denmark. betrothed, enemy (derogatory).

sarika vari, princess of hungary (previous crown). fellow pr disaster, future cousin-in-law.

thalia avci. murder accomplice, sugar baby.

theodore cellario, prince of monaco (npc). ex-betrothed, best friend.

#「 general 」 » intros.#「 general 」 » war of royals.#「 war of royals 」 » erica mikhaylova.

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cincinnatusvirtue · 3 years

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Unification of Germany, pt.1 An overview of European nationalism-stirred and suppressed (1803-1848)

-Romantic nationalism was in full swing within 19th century Europe. An outgrowth of the French Revolution and largely spurred on in the wake of initial French successes during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). One of the places this sense of nationalism was felt most was in the German speaking states of Central Europe. At the time, this was a collection of multiple states of varying sizes, an outgrowth of the ancient Holy Roman Empire with the two largest states of the time being the Kingdom of Prussia and the Hapsburg Austria.

-Traditionally since the Middle Ages, the Archduchy of Austria run by the Hapsburg dynasty had wielded the most power and authority becoming identified with the nominal title of Holy Roman Emperor. in 1806, following Austria’s defeat at the hands of Napoleon’s First French Empire and creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a rump collection of French satellite states in the western region of German speaking territory. The Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II dissolved the Holy Roman Empire officially. Instead he created officially the Austrian Empire, out of the Archduchy of Austria and its territory elsewhere in Central Europe. Francis II became Francis I, Emperor of Austria.

-Prussia had long sought to supplant Austria as the leading state in German lands and in the 18th century under Frederick the Great had attempted to do just that. Despite its hard earned military reputation by the Napoleonic era, Prussia was outdated and overtly bureaucratic in its structure and tactics. It also hadn’t fought war continuously for some time and was lead by old generations of generals. 1806 saw them taking on France largely by itself, following its resentment of French influence in German speaking territory. It proved to be an eye opening experience, within a month Napoleon defeated the bulk of Prussia’s army and occupied its capital, Berlin. In 1807, it finally surrendered and gave away a lot of territory in the process. Prussia was also forced to suffer an occupation by French troops. In the interim it began to reform its armies. Along with Austria, both nations rose up against Napoleon following the French retreat from Russia in 1812. By 1813, uniting with other Allied nations, they drove Napoleon from Germany following the October 1813 Battle of Leipzig, a key moment in the cultural memory of 19th century German peoples. 1814 saw Napoleon’s abdication and 1815 his brief return where he was finally defeated by a combined Anglo-Dutch-Prussian force at Waterloo.

-From that point on, the Congress of Vienna, orchestrated by Austrian Foreign Minister and later Chancellor, Klemens von Metternich sought to redraw Europe’s map to maintain a balance of power. Which weakened France and increased Austrian, Russian and Prussian power as a counterweight on the continent. German national feelings were stirred by the revolutionary ideas of the French Revolution which had shaken the monarchies of old, this coupled with resentment of French interference in their territory, signaled nationalism in its first throes.

-Metternich was convinced that expressions of nationalism would inevitably lead to the disorder of the French Revolution and to an inversion of the “natural order” of monarchical rule, this became the de-facto conservative position in Europe of the time, pro-monarchy where as a liberal position was to take the nationalist cause. One in which peoples united by ethnic and cultural ties of language, religion, tradition and geography would unite into a modern nation state, given to self-determination and possibly one that promoted the people en masse having a say in their governance rather coming from a monarch. Metternich was keenly aware in the multi-ethnic Austrian Empire of just how delicate a balance needed to be maintained, Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians and Romanians all were under the Hapsburg umbrella and all had some level of nationalist stirring as a result of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

-The response of Metternich and other conservative reactionaries was to suppress the development of free press, closing newspaper and magazine publications that promoted ideas of nationalism, be they German or any other. Metternich himself was German and the the Germans de-facto ran much of Austria’s bureaucracy, but the notion of a united Germany, possibly bereft of a monarch, was abhorrent to his sensibilities. He proposed also maintained a robust domestic spying apparatus to jail any potential liberal or nationalist ideas that could oppose the monarchy. Which in turn fueled more anti-monarchical sentiment.

-Metternich had also orchestrated the Austrian dominated German Confederation to succeed the Confederation of the Rhine & Holy Roman Empire. The idea was that the 39 German states that were members would be unified in association against foreign attack, mainly aimed against France but all the states would retain their autonomy with Austria largely dictating events. Though an expanded Prussia also commanded influence which with France out of the way for now, saw the old Austro-Prussian rivalry again simmer underneath the veneer of unity. No member state could leave the association and its laws were ultimately limiting to its member states, again for the sake of unity.

-Metternich proposed the Congress system in which the major powers of Europe would work in the so called Concert of Europe to suppress nationalist and liberal ideas that undermined the status quo. This involved a series of diplomatic summits from 1814 in Vienna until 1826 in St. Petersburg. The included the Holy Alliance of the Austria, Prussia & Russia maintaining their imperial partitions of Poland, suppressing a revolt in Spain in 1820 as well as Italian revolts during this era. The Quintuple Alliance of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and a “reformed” Bourbon France also sought to maintain this balance of power through consultation.

-However, in the Ottoman Empire, nationalism was afoot in the Balkan states, first manifest in Serbia which got de-facto independence following a series of revolts (1804-1813) & (1815). Then in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829), the success of these movements which included Russian and later Franco-British support weakened both the Ottoman Empire and inspired the nationalist movements of Europe, despite Metternich’s hopes to suppress the very flames his supposed partners has fanned.

-The divergent foreign policy ambitions of the major European powers began to undermine Metternich’s Congress system. Russia in particular sought to expand its territory and influence into the Balkans at the expense of the Ottomans, namely with control over Constantinople itself. This coupled with the religious solidarity of their Balkan coreligionists of the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith showed the cracks in the Metternich’s plans. Britain and France likewise began to somewhat temper their old animosity with increased opposition to Russian expansion into the Balkans and in Central Asia.

-Another blow came in 1830 with the Belgian Revolution which separated Belgium from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Austria, Prussia and Russia remained unified in their opposition to the partition of the Netherlands fearful of any further revolution. Meanwhile, France which faced its own revolution that year had a new more liberal monarchy installed, sought to support it, since the revolution was largely made of the Catholic and Francophone Walloon people of the southern Netherlands. Britain was wary of French intentions to annex Belgium, but realized none of the other Great Powers were willing to intervene following French support to the Belgians and supported the establishment of a neutral Belgium. This lead to the 1830 London Conference, in which ultimately all five Great Powers agreed to recognize and independent and neutral Belgium which was to be respected by and guaranteed by the signatories of the agreement. The Netherlands wouldn’t agree to the protocol until 1839 which saw the recognize Belgian independence.

-Meanwhile, Muhammad Ali Pasha, Wali (governor) of Ottoman Egypt had been in effect independent from the Turks since the Napoleonic Wars and in the 1830′s with resentment over his losses in supporting the Turks against the Greeks, he sought compensation with control over the Levant, leading to military victories over the Ottomans proper, who saw Ali as further destabilizing the status quo, he was creating an Egyptian nationalism at the expense of Turkish rule and stability. The 1840 Oriental Crisis saw Austria, Prussia, Russia & Britain support the Ottomans and negotiate an arbitration. Only France, then in the throes of conquering the Regency of Algiers (Algeria) sought to support Egypt and Ali because it weakened Ottoman influence and expanded French colonialism in North Africa. This lead to yet another split in the rival ambitions and cooperation of the Great Powers. Eventually a London conference settled the matter for Egypt and the Ottomans. Ali and his descendants would be hereditary rulers of Egypt & Sudan, in exchange for him withdrawing his armies from the Levant and Crete. The Ottomans agreed to this position. However, this gave way to the Rhine Crisis involving tension over French claims to territory against the German Confederation, ultimately it was resolved diplomatically but underpinned the ongoing precarious situation in Europe.

-In Europe, including the German Confederation many rapid social and technological changes were occurring. Political ideologies like socialism and later communism were gaining some level of popularity among the industrial and rural working classes. While an increasing middle class bourgeoisie with capitalist aspirations also took hold with increased economic power and independence. While these classes were in philosophical competition with each other, the desire for increased constitutional rights for many if not all the populace were raising their collective voices. Universities throughout German territories were becoming hotbeds of discussion for German nationalism or at the very least calls for constitutional and political reform, the suppression of Metternich and his partners was increasingly fragile and dwindling in its effectiveness to drown out the cries of revolution. These cries across Germany and Europe more broadly resulting from a kaleidoscope of shifting and colliding ideologies, influences and peoples of varying backgrounds was coming to a tipping point on the horizon...1848...

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apptowonder · 4 years

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Learning Each Other’s Languages -- Hybridity, Whiteness and Liturgical Inculturation in American Orthodoxy

Note: The following is an adaptation and expansion of a short paper I submitted for my seminary class on Theology, Race & Culture.

"Baptism is the transgression of flesh and Spirit that requires assertions of cultural or racial purity to be resisted and renounced. But in this baptismal moment there also lies the profound transformation of the community, for with every new member comes the possibility of transformation, change, and adaptation in its inclusion not only for the welcomed but for those who welcome. The body of Christ shifts and moves and learns new languages as it adds new members. Its body becomes new as the person becomes new."*

Among Orthodox Christians in the United States, there is a common sentiment that the various jurisdictions and hierarchies are living in a state of canonical irregularity, or at any rate in a way that damages Orthodox witness. This is due to the fact that, unlike most other places in the world, the United States does not have a unified Orthodox Archdiocese or Patriarchate to oversee the flock of Orthodox Christians there.** If only we could create an American Orthodox Church, people say, we would solve the problems of Orthodoxy in America.

Common objections raised include i. the failure of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) to become the unifying ecclesial body due to poor planning and ii. the logistical challenge of compiling all the various Orthodox bishops in the United States into one wholly unified Holy Synod. That is to say, the objections people raise are usually logistical.

However, it is my opinion that not enough attention has been paid to the cultural and theological problems such a project would need to contend with. Orthodoxy in the United States must contend with the realities of whiteness, both around it and inside it. Yet the Orthodox community is also in a unique position in relationship to other Christian communities brought over to the Americas in the colonial era. Orthodoxy, contrary to the belief of some demagogues and even well-meaning laity, cannot excuse itself from the ways it has assimilated to the systems of whiteness. But its relationship to the American articulation of whiteness, as well as the possibility of ways forward, must be handled differently than the relationship of other Christian traditions that have been in this country for longer and with more power to shape its contours.

As a white convert and clergyman in a non-canonical Orthodox jurisdiction, I speak from a position of some distance. I cannot speak with authority to what first, second and third generation immigrant churches will navigate their position as the Orthodox Church in this part of the world. What I am going to do is attempt to trace some of the history of Orthodoxy in the Americas as it has been relayed to me by parishioners and clergy I have been in community with (primarily but not exclusively the Greek church, primarily but not exclusively canonical). I will then attempt to describe some of the questions my own life as an Orthodox convert and seminarian has forced me to wrestle with, and how they might be worth pondering for other converts and “Americanized” Orthodox communities.

As I understand it, the history of Orthodox Christian churches in the United States has had moments of both refusal of and assimilation to whiteness, with assimilation being more and more the dominant trend in Orthodox churches of European descent***. With the possible exception of the Russian church in the Alaska territories, Orthodox communities were not present in the States when the Anglo-Saxon-led colonial Christianity was being shaped initially. When Orthodox Christians came to the United States in the waves of immigration from Eastern Europe and the Middle East, I don't doubt that they too were gradually assimilated to being "white"****. However, given that they were not present to shape the default "white Christianity" of America, my sense from what I've read and seen is that they continued to express their Christian faith within their own cultural idioms (eg, Greek, Arabic, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, etc). One interesting side effect of this phenomenon is that there has never been, to my knowledge, a unified American Orthodox Church. The closest attempt, the OCA, was backed by the Russian church and continues to display primarily Slavic liturgical forms in English. However, the Russians did not consult the majority of other Orthodox hierarchs from the various ethnic communities and so the OCA is canonical but not unifying.

White Anglo-Saxon^ converts to Orthodoxy as I’ve experienced tend to fall into one of three categories. There are doubtless more categories and reasons for conversion, but these three stand out as primary tropes specifically for how white Anglo-Saxon converts engage with the intersection of their own culture and Orthodox cultures. We will briefly discuss these categories as a way of examining whiteness in the American Orthodox convert constituency.

I. The “Orthobro”

Many white evangelicals, conservative Christians and some right wing former atheists convert to Orthodoxy because they perceive it as a source of “pure” Christianity (”pure” here meaning always conservative, usually ‘Western’ (despite the prevalence of orientalism in Western European portrayals of Orthodoxy) and often white), in contrast to the ‘degeneracy’ of progressive or even centrist Catholic and Protestant Christianity. These folks often like to ‘LARP’ practices of Byzantium or Imperial Russia, or at the very least have a nostalgia for a mythic past of Christian dominance which maps onto but far eclipses the complex realities of cultural exchange and theological hybridity of Eastern Christianity. These folks tend to advocate for traditionalist ‘family values’, lean towards more rigid expressions of Orthodoxy (usually monastic, often though not always emerging from Russian piety). For the Orthobro, whether they conceptualize it in these terms or not, Orthodoxy is seen as a haven and “safe space” for white Christian identity

II. The Paleo-Occidentalist

Pardon the jargon-y name. This person can overlap with “the Orthobro,” but does not always. Where the Orthobro generally accepts the Eastern Christian traditions of Orthodoxy as part of their white supremacist project^^, the Paleo-Occidentalist wants to leverage Orthodox theological tradition to reinvigorate their own Western rite Christianity. This can be for positive reasons (a desire to confess Orthodox faith without having to abandon one’s sense of cultural, confessional or ethnic heritage) or for more sinister reasons (wanting to prop up Western chauvinism in an Orthodox key). Regardless, these converts tend to coalesce around Western rite projects, and those of goodwill often have very positive and edifying things to say about the ecumenical heritage of the undivided Church. I personally am a bit frustrated by the history of Western rite Orthodoxy and the way it has led to friction within communities, but I do think that the desire to express Orthodox faith in a different cultural context is an admirable one. We will return to some of the possibilities alluded to by Paleo-Occidentalists in the conclusion. For now, though, it’s worth noting that Western rite Orthodoxy has generally taken on two forms: i. Converting current Western liturgies to Orthodox theology by removing or adding individual prayers, while keeping the general flow and structure of, say, the Mass the same. ii. Attempting to reconstruct pre-Schism Western liturgies from historical and archaeological evidence.

III. The Traditionalist Radical

This third category can overlap with the “Paleo-Occidentalist” depending on liturgical preference, and it is the category I myself fall into. Most “TradRads” I’ve met are Eastern rite. This may be because, ironically, we are engaged in a similar flight from American cultural Christianity but for starkly different reasons than the “Orthobro”. The TradRad who seeks out Orthodoxy in the Eastern rite generally wishes to find a tradition that is rooted in the core creeds of Christianity but is distant enough from their own religio-political context to provide a fresh start. On this foundation, the TradRad draws from the political implications of the Church Fathers and Mothers, as well as the tradition of Orthodox contemplation and spirituality, to build a foundation for the pursuit of social justice in harmony with the Gospel and the tradition of the Church. In general, we are socially progressive and/or leftist, but theologically traditional (invested in taking the Creeds and spirituality of the Church at their word).

As a result of this phenomenon, my life so far as a convert to Orthodoxy has been one of expressing my faith in worship through liturgical forms of a culture that is not my own. I have gravitated towards the Greek use, since that was the community I was initially welcomed into and which has a theological tradition and aesthetic I have the most affinity for. In so doing, I have tried to be mindful of place, history, and the people I worship alongside in ways that are faithful to our life in community.

My liturgical life has become more complex lately as I have stepped into a ministry leadership position in a small mission parish which currently consists entirely of converts to Orthodoxy and inquirers from not historically Orthodox cultural/ethnic backgrounds. We continue to use the Greek/Constantinopolitan "use" of the Byzantine rite as it has become one of the authentic matrices in which Orthodox prayer life is expressed in the United States (along with the Slavonic rite, the Antiochian use, etc). In an Orthodox parish composed of parishioners from historically Orthodox cultural backgrounds, the hybridity and transformation through encounter of "learning new languages" tends to happen more organically, with the various cultural traditions of the community members being woven into worshiping life. As I pursue formation and explore a vocation to the priesthood, I continue to wrestle with these dynamics. How can we as a community of primarily cultural "outsiders" who identify with Orthodox faith but do not have recourse to Orthodox resources from our own cultural backgrounds** empower the transformation of our community towards greater hybridity and multiplicity?

As mentioned above, one common answer has been the attempt to articulate a “Western-rite Orthodoxy” in various ways. While this is potentially a valuable pastoral project, and I don’t doubt the sincerity or Orthodox piety of my Western--rite compatriots, it often feels to me that those hierarchs who oversee the Western rite are more trying to fit a different theological tradition to a standard of arbitrary Orthodox "purity," rather than adapting what has emerged organically in Orthodox contexts to a Western liturgical style or engaging possibilities of hybridity. This is not to say that, even in convert communities, we should do away with the Eastern rite or Eastern hymnody. I will likely always default to the Divine Liturgy in Byzantine chant. But I do think it’s worth imagining new ways that cultural hybridity could shape American Orthodoxy in ways that reflect its diverse constituents. What would it look like, for example, to celebrate the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom with Western style polyphonic chant or choral hymnody? How might we draw on the influence of Orthodox saints who lived in the Christian West (say, St. John Cassian or St. Irenaios of Lyons)? Could it be possible to incorporate musical traditions of the parishioners that are not from historically Orthodox countries, with input and direction from those parishioners (ie, gospel music or Latin American music)? What about iconography?

None of these suggestions are complete answers, nor would I adopt them personally without deeper thought and consultation with my own communities. But I think they’re worth thinking about. How do we as converts embrace the heritage of one another’s culture as we come alongside each other in a common Orthodox faith? I don’t have an answer for that yet (and indeed, there will never be one definitive answer), but I have a feeling that the answers that Orthodox communities discover to these questions will shape the future of American Orthodoxy far more profoundly than attempts to unify the hierarchies on a structural level.

*Dr. Brian Bantum, Redeeming Mulatto: A Theology of Race and Christian Hybridity (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2010), 159.

**If we think about it for more than a minute, we will realize that there are other parts of the world where this is also true of Orthodoxy. Consider, for example, the unfortunate situation in Ukraine. However, the United States is certainly the largest landmass where this phenomenon holds true, and therefore gets the most attention.

***The situation of American Orthodox Christian communities constituted by immigrants from the Middle East and the Horn of Africa is more complex, and depending on the region, some parishes will also be multiethnic and/or multiracial, which comes with its own challenges and opportunities that are beyond the scope of this response to fully address

****For more, see Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color

^ While “Anglo-Saxon” is in some ways here a reductive term, I use it to refer to people of an Anglo-Saxon or similar background who formed the dominant class of white settlers in America. As someone of English and German extraction, I place myself in this category for the purposes of how my body is read.

^^ Lest I be misunderstood, let me make it very clear that the Eastern rites are not inherently white supremacist. What I mean here is that the Orthobro tends to co-opt the particularity of the Eastern rite as a sign of the “purity” of his white Christianity, deploying it contrastively against the Western rite, rather than seeing it as the theological expression of particular communities who are not inherently better or worse than Western Christian communities.

**There have been attempts to develop a "Western rite" in Orthodoxy, some of which have canonical blessing from an Archdiocese or Patriarchate. In my opinion, however, these have been inadequate as they primarily consist in taking a Catholic or Anglican rite and removing any prayer that is deemed 'non-Orthodox'. While this is potentially a valuable pastoral project, it feels more like trying to fit a different theological tradition to a standard of arbitrary Orthodox "purity," rather than adapting what has emerged organically in Orthodox contexts to a Western liturgical style or engaging possibilities of hybridity. The closest thing to this more organic approach has been the attempt to reconstruct pre-Schism Western rites such as the Gallican Missal. However, these projects in my estimation can and are easily co-opted by ideologues with ethno-nationalist leanings. The Eastern rites are not immune to this, but Western rite reconstruction projects in my opinion have been more often directly deployed by Western chauvinists.

#orthodoxy #liturgy #race #whiteness #culture #America #American orthodoxy #theology #learning each other's languages

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bountyofbeads · 5 years

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/ukrainian-leaders-feel-trapped-between-warring-washington-factions/2019/09/21/f0ff90ac-dbf1-11e9-a1a5-162b8a9c9ca2_story.html?outputType=amp&__twitter_impression=true

“The ultimate beneficiary of all this story is Russia,” said Daria Kaleniuk, the executive director of the Anti-Corruption Action Center, a clean-governance organization in Kiev.

Already, some Ukrainians worry that Zelensky may have offered too much to Trump’s team.

Ukrainian leaders feel trapped between warring Washington factions

By Michael Birnbaum and David L. Stern | Published September 21, 2019 9:32 PM ET | Washington Post | Posted September 22, 2019 10:40 AM ET |

KIEV, Ukraine — Ukrainian leaders are trapped in the middle of a very Washington firefight, facing mounting pressure from President Trump and his allies to investigate the son of political rival Joe Biden, and are searching for a way to escape.

They could give in to Trump’s demand to open an inquiry into the Ukrainian business dealings of Hunter Biden and risk the anger of Democrats and others for engaging in what those interests would see as interference in the 2020 elections. Or the Ukrainians could defy Trump and face the wrath of a president who had frozen $250 million of crucial military assistance for mysterious reasons before releasing it earlier this month.

Either way, they risk cracking the bipartisan consensus that has firmly supported Ukraine against Russia since 2014, when the Kremlin annexed Ukraine’s Crimea region and stoked war in Ukraine’s east. If Ukraine becomes associated with one U.S. political party or the other, it could jeopardize ties with its most important security backer.

“It’s a diplomatic disaster for our relations with the United States,” said Alyona Getmanchuk, the director of the New Europe Center, a Kiev-based foreign policy think tank. “I don’t know what could be the way out of this story.”

The predicament could come to a head Wednesday, when Trump is to sit down, for the first time, with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.

Zelensky has sought the meeting for months, seeing it as a way to demonstrate U.S. support for a country that is still fighting a war in its east and enduring Russia’s annexation of Crimea. Trump has been reluctant, and he pressed Zelensky about Biden in a July phone conversation that is the subject of an extraordinary intelligence community whistleblower complaint.

In an interview with Ukrainian television station Hromadske that aired on Saturday, Foreign Minister Vadym Prystaiko denied that Trump had pressured Zelensky during the phone call.

“I know what the conversation was about, and I think there was no pressure,” he said. “There was talk, conversations are different, leaders have the right to discuss any problems that exist. This conversation was long, friendly, and it touched on a lot of questions, including those requiring serious answers.”

Diplomats, politicians and analysts inside and outside Ukraine said Saturday that Ukraine was in a precarious position.

“Really couldn’t get worse” for Kiev, said a senior European diplomat, speaking on the condition of anonymity to avoid aggravating the situation.

Zelensky — who until recently was a comedian with no political experience — will have to tread carefully. A misstep could further inflame the situation in Washington, costing Ukraine its ties either to Republican or Democratic lawmakers.

Since Trump has embraced Russian President Vladimir Putin and questioned both NATO and the reasons to support Ukraine, the bipartisan backing for the country in Congress has come to represent the main U.S. security guarantee for Kiev. If that were eroded, Ukraine could be in an especially dangerous position.

“Our vital interest is to ensure and to protect and to strengthen the bipartisan support for Ukraine,” said Danylo Lubkivsky, a former Ukrainian deputy foreign minister. “This is not all about Ukraine. Don’t impose some domestic issues, problems on Ukraine, while Ukraine fights against Russia’s aggression and struggles for its independence and freedom.”

Trump’s freeze on Ukraine aid draws new scrutiny amid push for Biden investigation

Zelensky is also talking about meeting with Putin as well as with the leaders of France and Germany in the coming weeks to try to hammer out a settlement to the conflict that is in its fifth year. That makes the uproar in Washington especially unsettling, because it weakens Ukraine’s negotiating position.

Zelensky has been more open to Russia than his predecessor, negotiating a major prisoner swap with the Kremlin in addition to suggesting discussions with Putin.

“The ultimate beneficiary of all this story is Russia,” said Daria Kaleniuk, the executive director of the Anti-Corruption Action Center, a clean-governance organization in Kiev.

Already, some Ukrainians worry that Zelensky may have offered too much to Trump’s team.

“Just stay away from it. It is not our story. There is nothing to gain, there is lots to lose,” said Victoria Voytsitska, a former Ukrainian lawmaker who was swept into office in 2014 in a wave of Western-oriented activists who entered politics after the political upheavals that year.

Using an investigation “as a tool to say we’re reopening this to provide a benefit, leverage to a particular candidate, would be a mistake,” she said.

Days after the July phone conversation between Trump and Zelensky, Trump’s personal lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani followed up with an in-person meeting with Andriy Yermak, a top Zelensky aide, in Madrid, Giuliani said. Giuliani said that he met with Yermak to suggest two matters for investigation and that Yermak indicated the Ukrainians were open to pursuing the investigations. Yermak did not respond to a request for comment.

How Trump and Giuliani pressured Ukraine to investigate the president’s rivals

The first matter concerned allegations that Ukraine’s government colluded with Democrats in 2016 to try to derail Trump’s presidential bid.

During the 2016 presidential campaign, the release of a ledger documenting millions of dollars of off-books payments from the former Ukrainian government to Paul Manafort helped lead to Manafort’s ouster as Trump’s campaign chairman. Manafort had been a consultant to Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, the Russia-friendly leader who was forced to resign in 2014.

Giuliani said that the release of that information was part of a coordinated campaign by the Ukrainian government to help Democrats. He offered no evidence.

Serhiy Leshchenko, the Ukrainian lawmaker who revealed the ledger, says he released the information to try to fight corruption in Ukraine, not intervene in U.S. politics.

The second matter raised by Giuliani involved a probe of the Ukrainian gas tycoon who put Hunter Biden on the board of his company Burisma.

In 2016, then-Vice President Biden demanded the ouster of Ukraine’s top law enforcement official, Prosecutor General Viktor Shokin.

Trump and Giuliani have accused the elder Biden of pushing for Shokin’s dismissal to protect Hunter Biden from an investigation into Burisma.

But it is unclear how seriously Shokin was pursuing Burisma at the time he was forced out. Diplomats said at the time that Shokin’s ouster was tied to Western worries about corruption in Ukraine’s justice system. Washington’s concerns were widely shared by Ukraine’s European partners, and they embraced Shokin’s departure.

“The Fake News Media and their partner, the Democrat Party, want to stay as far away as possible from the Joe Biden demand that the Ukrainian Government fire a prosecutor who was investigating his son,” Trump wrote Saturday on Twitter.

Biden said Saturday that he had never spoken with his son about his business in Ukraine and accused Trump of “doing this because he knows I will beat him like a drum.”

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kirstythejetblackgoldfish · 2 years

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Vyacheslav Volodin, speaker of Russia's lower house of parliament, asked Putin to to consider the parliamentary appeal approved last week to recognize the DPR and LNR as independent states. The lawmaker pointed out that over 1.2 million residents of the Donbass have already applied for Russian citizenship.

For her part, Valentina Matviyenko, chairwoman of the Federation Council - Russia's upper house of parliament, said the time had come to make a decision on the Donbass, and called the situation in the region a "humanitarian disaster and genocide" in the heart of Europe. She noted that throughout the 7+ year conflict, Russia has consistently stood in favour of a diplomatic and political solution to the conflict.

"No one listened to us. There was an imitation of the Minsk Agreements," she said. At the same time, the chairwoman accused the West of trying to push Russians and Ukrainians, two fraternal Slavic peoples, into a war.

Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin expressed support for the measure, saying it would be appropriate in the absence of any progress on the Minsk Agreements. He added that officials have spent some time preparing for the West's potential reaction to a Russian recognition of the Donbass, with these risks said to be accounted for.

Eight Years of War

The conflict in the Donbass has its origins in the February 2014 Maidan coup d'etat in Kiev, in which Ukraine's unpopular but democratically elected government was overthrown by political forces favouring integration with the European Union and NATO at the expense of ties with Russia.

In the spring of 2014, demonstrators across eastern and southern Ukraine opposed to the new government's pro-Western orientation and perceived efforts to clamp down on the Russian-speaking regions began organizing protests and independence movements. The strongest of these were concentrated in the Russia-bordering regions of Donetsk and Lugansk. Kiev responded to the independence push by trying to crush these movements with military force, leading to the formation of local militias by local residents seeking to defend their homes, and the proclamation of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics in May 2014. Elsewhere, in major eastern and southern regions including Kharkiv, Nikolayev and Odessa, anti-Kiev and pro-independence protesters were systematically jailed, assassinated, and disappeared.

A full-scale civil war raged throughout the Donbass between May 2014 and February of 2015, killing at least 13,000 people, injuring thousands more and prompting over 2.5 million of the region's residents flee their homes, with over a million seeking refuge in Russia.

#Putin #Vladimir Putin #Mikhail Mishustin #Russia #Donbass #Donetsk People's Republic #Lugansk People's Republic

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philippxyx · 7 years

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The 3 most beneficial languages of Eastern Europe to learn

When traveling Eastern Europe apart from the big metropolises, bumping into someone who’s speaking English can be challenging. As in all Europe, the likelihood of meeting someone with sufficient skills decreases with the age of the person. However, being able to communicate with locals doesn’t only make travels way easier but also allows another access to the country’s people and their culture.

The following three languages may be difficult to learn for English speakers at the beginning but their benefits will eventually be worth the effort.

3. Polish

Polish is the official language of only Poland. However, the language reveals many similarities to both the Czech and Slovak language what means that one can be understood in those two countries. The same applies to the Ukrainian language that has been heavily influenced by the Polish language.

2. Serbo-Croatian

The situation in Former Yugoslavia has never been easy since the falling apart of the former communistic state. These days every state claims to have its own language. There is nothing wrong about that even though critics label these languages commonly as dialects. The bottom line is that knowing one of these languages will enable you to be fully understood in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. Unlike the other countries, Serbia is using the Cyrillic alphabet. The closest language to Serbo-Croatian is Slovenian. It has its differences but with some effort by both sides communication will work out.

1. Russian

By far, the Russian language is the most beneficial one to learn in that matter. Being the official language of the world’s biggest country already seems to be a fair reason. However, due to the former Soviet Republic, the Russian language is still widely spread all over Eastern Europe. In Belarus, it is the official language and in Ukraine (apart from the Western part) the lingua franca. Additionally, the Russian language is commonly used in parts of Moldova and in the Caucasian states of Armenia and Georgia. In the Baltic States especially in Estonia and Latvia, Russian is nearly understood throughout the country.

As it was compulsory in the former Soviet states to study Russian, you will still find the older population of the following countries with a basic understanding of Russian: Czech Republic, Germany (Eastern part), Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. If there is the will of still wanting to speak that language heavily depends on the person and their attitude to Russia and its language. Apart from these countries, Russian is commonly understood in Bulgaria.

Last but not least, learning Russian and the Cyrillic alphabet simplifies the orientation in countries that are using the Cyrillic alphabet such as Macedonia, Serbia or Ukraine.

#languages #easterneurope #slavic #russian #travel #polish #serbocroatian #study

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xtruss · 2 years

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Zelensky Is a Pro-American Dictator. Ukrainian Parties Are Pro-American or They’re Banned. Why Did Ukraine Suspend 11 ‘Pro-Russia’ Parties? This is How We Got to Here in the First Place

The suspensions have more to do with the post-Euromaidan polarisation of Ukrainian politics than genuine security concerns related to the Russian invasion.

— Volodymyr Ishchenko, Research Associate at the Institute of East European Studies, Freie Universität Berlin

— Source: Al Jazeera | Tuesday March 22, 2022 | Anti-Empire

“The government sanctioned Viktor Medvedchuk, a personal friend of Putin, soon after polls started to show that his party may have more public support than Zelenskyy’s “People’s Servant” party and could overtake him in a future election. Sanctions against Medvedchuk were also endorsed by the US Embassy in Ukraine.”

During the weekend, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s government suspended 11 Ukrainian political parties citing their alleged “links with Russia”. While the majority of the suspended parties were small, and some were outright insignificant, one of them, the Opposition Platform for Life, came second in the recent elections and currently holds 44 seats in the 450-seat Ukrainian Parliament.

It is true that these parties are perceived as “pro-Russian” by many in Ukraine. But it is important to understand what “pro-Russian” means in the country today.

Before 2014, there was a large camp in Ukrainian politics calling for closer integration with Russia-led international institutions rather than with those in the Euro-Atlantic sphere, or even for Ukraine entering into a Union State with Russia and Belarus. After the Euromaidan revolution, and Russia’s hostile actions in Crimea and Donbas, however, the pro-Russian camp was marginalised in Ukrainian politics. And at the same time, the pro-Russian label became very inflated. It started to be used to describe anyone calling for Ukraine’s neutrality. It has also started to be employed to discredit and silence sovereigntist, state-developmentalist, anti-Western, illiberal, populist, left-wing, and many other discourses.

This wide variety of views and positions could be grouped together and condemned under one label primarily because they all criticised and raised questions about pro-Western, neoliberal, and nationalist discourses, which have dominated Ukraine’s political sphere since 2014, but do not really reflect the political diversity of Ukrainian society.

But the parties and politicians who have been branded as “pro-Russian” in Ukraine – and recently been suspended by Zelenskyy’s government – have very different relations with Russia. While some may have links to Russian soft power efforts – though these links are rarely properly investigated and proved, others are actually themselves under Russian sanctions.

Most “pro-Russian” parties in Ukraine are first and foremost “pro-themselves” and have autonomous interests and sources of income in Ukraine. They are trying to capitalise on the real grievances of a sizeable minority of Russian-speaking Ukrainian citizens concentrated in the southeastern regions. These parties do command significant public support. For example, three of the recently suspended parties participated in the parliamentary elections in 2019 and combined received about 2.7 million votes (18.3 percent) and in the most recent polls conducted before Russia’s invasion, these parties collectively scored about 16-20 percent of the vote.

Other parties on Zelenskyy’s suspension list were of left-wing orientation. Some of them played an important role in Ukrainian politics in the 1990-2000s, such as the Socialist and Progressive Socialist parties, but by now they are all completely marginalised. Indeed, there is no political party in Ukraine today with “left” or “socialist” in its name that could secure any considerable portion of the general vote now or for the foreseeable future. Ukraine had already suspended in 2015 all of the country’s communist parties under the “decommunisation” law, which was strongly criticised by the Venice Commission. The latest round of suspensions may not be necessarily motivated by the wish to erase the left from Ukraine’s political sphere, but it certainly contributes to such an agenda.

The irony is that the suspension of these parties is completely meaningless for Ukraine’s security. It is true that some of the suspended parties, like the “progressive socialists,” were strongly and genuinely pro-Russian for many years. However, practically every leader and sponsor of these parties with any real influence in Ukraine condemned Russia’s invasion, and are now contributing to Ukraine’s defence.

Moreover, it is not clear how the suspension of party activities would help to prevent any actions being taken by members or leaders of these parties against the Ukrainian state. The Ukrainian party organisations are typically very weak as political or activist collectives, perhaps, with a partial exception of Sharii’s party among the suspended, founded by one of Ukraine’s most popular political bloggers and now focusing on humanitarian activities. Those who are thinking about collaborating with Russia, either directly with the Kremlin or through its propaganda network, amid the invasion would do this outside of party structures. They would have no reason to try and move Russian money via their party’s official accounts.

All this signals that the Ukrainian government’s decision to suspend left-wing and opposition parties has little to do with any objective war-time security needs of Ukraine, and much with the post-Euromaidan polarisation of Ukrainian politics and redefinition of the Ukrainian identity that pushed a variety of the dissenting positions beyond the borders of tolerable discourse in the country.

It also has to do with Zelenskyy’s attempts to consolidate political power that began long before the Russian invasion.

Indeed, the decision to suspend the parties follows a pattern. Since last year, the government has imposed sanctions on opposition media and some opposition leaders on a regular basis, without providing any convincing evidence of wrongdoing to the public.

One year ago, for example, the government sanctioned Viktor Medvedchuk, a personal friend of Putin, soon after polls started to show that his party may have more public support than Zelenskyy’s “People’s Servant” party and could overtake him in a future election. At the time, the sanctions against Medvedchuk and his TV stations were also endorsed by the US Embassy in Ukraine.

Several analysts have since speculated that those sanctions may have been among the factors that led Putin to begin preparations for the war, by convincing him that Russia-friendly politicians would never be allowed to win an election in Ukraine.

Now, Medvedchuk escaped house arrest and is hiding from Ukrainian authorities. The Opposition Platform for Life removed him from the party leadership, condemned Russia’s invasion, and called its members to join the forces defending Ukraine.

While it is easy to classify the decision to suspend the “pro-Russian” political parties amid a Russian invasion as a security necessity, the move should be analysed and understood in this wider context. It is also important to point out that the government’s sanctions regime against opposition parties, politicians and media has long attracted widespread criticism within Ukraine. Many in the country believe that the sanctions were designed and implemented by a small group attending Ukraine’s Security and Defence Council meetings, without serious discussion, on dubious legal grounds, to further corrupt interests.

This is why there is little reason to expect the suspension of the parties to be lifted once the war is over. The Ministry of Justice will likely take legal action and ban the parties permanently.

This, however, will neither help the war effort nor the political ambitions of the current government. In fact, they could push some Ukrainians to collaborate with Russia.

Indeed, so far collaboration with the invaders in the occupied areas has been minimal. There is no indication that the public will get behind a pro-Russia party or politician in large numbers. And while Russia would certainly approach these parties first if it decides to install a puppet government in Ukraine, many in their political cadres would likely decline the offer – they would not want to risk their capital, properties and interests in the West. Some of the local leaders who have been elected with the backing of these “pro-Russian” parties have already made it clear that they do not intend to collaborate with the invading forces.

But after the suspension of these parties, members of their local organisations and councils, as well as their active supporters, may be more inclined to collaborate with the Russians in the occupied areas. Indeed, if they become convinced that they have no political future in Ukraine and rather face persecution, they may start looking towards Russia. This could fuel violence as masses begin searching for and punishing “traitors” and strengthen Russian propaganda about Ukraine’s “Nazism” problem. There is already a worrying growth in reports about searches and arrests of opposition and left-wing bloggers and activists in Ukraine.

Today, Ukraine is facing an existential threat. The Ukrainian government needs to understand that moves such as these suspensions that alienate parts of the Ukrainian public – and make them question the intentions of their leaders – make the country weaker not stronger, and only serve the enemy.

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showlexsite · 4 years

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We Tell You Exactly About Belarusian Mail Order Brides

Today you are able to fulfill a lovely single girl from the coziness of your property, and something of this sets of ladies you really need to look closely at are Belarusians

Belarus Brides: Everything You Desired To Ask

Belarus is a concealed treasure of eastern Europe. It is not really because popular as the next-door neighbors, Ukraine and Russia with regards to tourism, effect on globe politics, and economy. Mail purchase bride industry is not well-developed right right here, too — but this can never be a nagging issue for your needs. Our professionals have discovered the best worldwide sites that are dating several thousand Belarus girls who will be in search of Western males — so fundamentally, what you need doing now could be to decide on any of these Belarus online dating sites also to find your love. Oh, and check this out quick article, needless to say — it can help you realize the occurrence of Belarus females. Some dating that is useful are right right here, too!

Belarus ladies: things to know about them

Perhaps maybe maybe Not yes whether you need to look for a Belarus mail order bride or otherwise not? Well, then read on. Right Here, you’ll find top 5 information about the ladies out of this national nation, therefore we can guarantee why these facts can help you realize why Belarus brides are worth your attention. Let’s see what we’re dealing with.

These women are breathtaking. That it’s a combination of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish beauties — but sometimes, the things shouldn’t be described, they should be seen if we wanted to describe the Belarus beauty, we’d say. Large blue eyes, complete lips, long feet, slim waistline — these females will maybe not disappoint you. Think of a national nation where in fact the most of ladies seem like supermodels!

They have been great moms and spouses. Belarus is just a conventional nation, and folks respect and share household values and sex roles here. Your sweetheart from Belarus are a homekeeper that is great she will cook awesome meals (Eastern European food is one thing through the space), and she will raise up your young ones without questioning. These women can be respectful and bashful, and that is a combination that is great. “Wife material”, heard this term? That is a description that is perfect of ladies.

These are generally separate. Unlike Russian ladies, the women from Belarus are much more separate. They’ve been hard-working, smart, and so they never call it quits, even yet in difficult times. They constantly like to go to website make and earn much more, plus they constantly enhance their skills (both life and career). Yourself and do better, well, ask a Belarus beautiful woman, how if you want to improve! We additionally love that they’re constantly willing to add. Nearly all these women don’t desire a person to cover most of the bills — they’ve been prepared to divide bills also to subscribe to the family members earnings. Unlike several other Eastern women that are european Belarus girls don’t have issues with it.

These are typically extremely available and good. These are typically not really like, you realize, German or women that are american. You can just smile to her and start a conversation if you see a lady from Belarus on the street. Well, it does not constantly work, needless to say, your it’s likely that high. Plus your possibilities to help keep the conversation flowing — when it comes down to Belarus females dating, there’s no such thing being a silence that is awkward. These ladies like to talk, plus they are actually interesting and enjoyable to speak with. Which is great.

These women talk English. Very nearly 60% of them talk English. Well, it is not like 60% of these have a level that is c2 of course — nevertheless the normal English level of Belarusian women is very good, and in accordance with our experience, there is certainly often no such thing as language barrier issue whenever you look at the money of Belarus, Minsk. But, if you are about to go to smaller urban centers to get a girl from Belarus, you will need to learn some Russian.

How come Belarus females like to be brides that are mail-order?

Therefore, let’s inform you: Belarus brides are gorgeous. Nevertheless the relevant real question is: if they’re really so excellent, why do they wish to marry a foreigner? Well, the clear answer is fairly easy. There are two main grounds for these women in order to become mail-order brides: because they want to get a better life because they like Western men, and. Let us explore these reasons right right right here.

They simply like Western men. We don’t want to express such a thing bad about Belarus men, needless to say. But a simple truth is a reality: Belarus brides believe Western males are even more handsome, sort, smart, and well-mannered compared to dudes from their nation. This label really does 50 % of your projects for you — because when you go into the Belarus dating globe, the ladies currently think that you’re great. What you need to accomplish isn’t screw up.

They wish to get a much better life. Belarus isn’t the country that is poorest on earth, of course — it is also richer than a few of its next-door neighbors. But, the life span degree in Belarus is day and night set alongside the standard of life when you look at the first-world nations. Education, medical, salaries — the Western nations can give you a much more impressive range of life, that is a fact. Literally, every Belarus mail-order bride desires to get an improved life so it makes sense why they start looking for husbands abroad for her and for her future children. But love is more crucial, of course — no Belarus beauty shall date or marry you merely because you’re A american or even A uk. It is exactly about emotions in the end.

Belarus girls: how exactly to date them? Six tips that are useful

Do you wish to take to Belarus dating already? We have been certain you will do. Read these 6 quick, but tips that are useful you’ll learn more as to what you ought to do if you wish to get the best Belarus women for marriage.

Find a site that is good select a few females to fulfill with. It is a lot more like basic advice, it is not particular to Belarus dating. If you would like find a international girl, finding a great dating internet site is a tremendously very first thing you will need to do. Check out the security, the rates policy, the standing of the website, and its own anti-scam filters — if everything’s fine with your four, the probabilities are extremely high it’s that web site. Nonetheless, on it, you can always pick up one of the websites, chosen by our experts if you don’t want to waste your time. Many of these solutions have actually huge number of genuine Belarus females for wedding, all are protected, and you’ll most certainly not lose your cash in the event that you choose them.

Understand that intercourse will not take place fast. Once we’ve currently stated, these women can be old-fashioned. It generally does not suggest that they are too conservative, nonetheless it does imply that you will see no intercourse on a primary date. As well as on a date that is second well. Third date. Possibly, but it is maybe not 100%. It is not like one-night stands someplace in the united states or perhaps in Southeast Asia — in the event that you opt for a Belarus bride that is mail-order fast escalation may destroy every thing. Get ready to hold back and also to plan at the least 3-4 times. Happy you, Belarus is not too costly.

Don’t genuinely believe that these ladies are too conventional. Which is another label you should know of prior to starting trying to find a Belarus bride that is mail-order. To be honest, some males (especially Western males) believe that Belarusian women are way too conservative — but that is completely false. These women are bashful, yes, but Belarus is a contemporary, European country, with open and free online, sufficient reason for numerous of both women and men whom look at the EU each year. The ladies are free and contemporary right here, along side being gorgeous and family-oriented.

If you do not understand Russian or Belarusian, Minsk could be the most suitable choice for you. Belarus can be a formally multilingual country, but 100% of Belarusians understand Russian. Whenever you can talk Russian, that is great. If you cannot, we advice restricting your visit to Belarus to simply Minsk. Virtually all the young ladies in Minsk speak English, so that you will not have interaction issues right right right here. In addition, it is a contemporary city that is european good individuals, plenty of gorgeous places, and reasonable costs. It is undoubtedly worth visiting.

Casual hookups and one-night really stands are perhaps not popular here. Once we’ve currently stated, these ladies are family-oriented and concentrated on long-term relationships, therefore it is rather easy to get a bride right here. However if you are just searching for intercourse, Belarus will many disappoint that is likely.

Settle the debts. We can’t state that we now have a lot of strict guidelines in terms of Belarus ladies dating. Nevertheless, it is one of those. It’s not advised to divide a bill for a date that is first since it’s really unusual in Belarus. It does not imply that she’s going to perhaps perhaps not play a role in household earnings later on, no — but if we’re talking in regards to the date that is first just forget about splitting the bill.

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muabannhadatdananggiare · 5 years

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russian mail order brides

russian mail order brides https://www.russianbridesonly.com convert heads along withher spectacular model beauty. However how do you discover as well as love a great Russian new bride? The responses are actually right here.

I question any kind of red-blooded male can reject it or hasn’ t day-dreamed of having a lovely Russian new bride. In between the sexy emphasis and also the highappeal standards females eat themselves, they possess whatever you might really want in the appeals team.

But are they really good partners? What are they just like? Are they mosting likely to turn into that Russian battleaxe you see on tv? I have actually dated, romanced and muchmore notably, presented a great number of guys to Russian women over the final score of years.

Many of whom received married and also are actually still wed to present. My experience has actually led me to write this short article. But first, have a look at the more comprehensive message on European mail order russian mail order brides. It’ s a great foundation to start with, as you read this one.

Why You Should SearchFor a Russian Bride

Breathtaking Russian ladies are actually ungrateful in Russia

Russian females are the gold specification of elegance and the best attractive mail order brides, bar none. The part I located thus hard to believe, just before I went there certainly and saw it for my personal eyes & hellip; is that the very same gal that transforms your head so hard, you acquire whiplash& hellip; is certainly not acquiring any kind of focus back in Russia considering that there are actually many like that in her house nation. She isn’ t also considered special there!

You can’ t fathom it, sitting in the house, staring at her on the display screen at this moment, yet visit Russia and if you assume I am actually one pebble off of giving you the rock chilly reality, I am going to acquire you Vodka till you lose consciousness.

Accents apart, Russian girls redefine the criteria of the word – charm ‘ thanks to their higher and vast cheekbones, rapturous eyes, and also in addition to all that, an eccentric personality, a sturdy willpower, and an irrefutably hardworking soul. Taking all this in, it doesn’ t happened as an unpleasant surprise to observe the amount of individuals in my cycle looking in the instructions of Russia girls for love.

These ladies are actually clever!

Russian girls that are actually looking for a muchbetter male as well as a muchbetter live are actually certainly not simply are actually drop dead wonderful yet they also possess a surprisingly highdegree of learning. More so than Oriental or even Classical nation that I have actually traveled, I found virtually eachand every woman I met in Russia to recognize additional about a wide range of subjects than you will count on.

Russian girls, muchlike Ukrainian females, profit from a fantastic learning body, as well as the ladies are actually not merely great in scientific researchas well as mathyet also fine art and literary works. They value a broad intellectualism, rather than focusing only about what they need to know for their particular major or task.

If a tranquil, docious, sweetly-dumb girl is what you will like, there are better countries to discover your doll. Yet if you prefer a lady who is going to keep your life fascinating and stimulate you, intellectually (as well as literally >) then you simply may be searching in the appropriate area.

And if you can easily nourishher mind, in addition to her physical body, you will possess the very best long-lasting partner any sort of man may possess.

Russian females are not only very hot & hellip; however they STAY very hot

I won’ t take place a lot of regarding their appeals due to the fact that you may view for yourself what they appear like. However one thing I will make note of. Their appeal isn’ t merely there certainly’to – hook a fella ‘.

They have been actually reared in a lifestyle that is eachconventional and one where the highfemale to male ratio means they have matured competing for guys. So muchin order that the concept of appearing outstanding is actually ingrained in all of them as a component of their womanhood.

Where a lot of western women are going to appear great while dating and afterwards place on 30 pounds right after you acquire wed, Russian women are far more most likely to maintain that very same elegance, even as they get older.

They are tougher as well as however extra positive than you can envision

It’ s type of a saying yet a bunchof people presume all Russian ladies are actually visiting possess a gloomy, helpless mindset. I don ‘ t condemn you for assuming that. In between images of harsh, freezing Siberia as well as a game of sorrowful authors, that could criticize you?

Fortunately, the reality is actually muchthe opposite. Russian girls have actually excited me withtheir self-confidence because they therefore frequently stay confident and also favorable despite all those factors. Really, in the west, we have possessed it a great deal better as well as yet, I too often listen to just grievances about life, especially from women.

Everyone has a right to their feelings yet I adore a female witha beneficial mindset. And also, strange as it sounds, that’ s why I adore Russian girls so much. There ‘ s an inner fire there that only gained’ t head out.

Tips For Going Out Witha Russian Woman

Use your lifestyle to create an intellectual link

You demand to aim to possess appealing chats along witha Russian girl, specifically if she is actually well-read. No-one really wants a partner that can’ t keep a talk. Whether you are actually covering art, literary works or even your preferred flick, your future new bride would certainly really love to possess somebody she may speak withconcerning the important things she has actually discovered. This doesn’ t suggest you have to have happened right out of college, in some cases simply being actually coming from yet another nation creates a terrific subject.

You might already recognize this yet attempt to stay away from discussing her look. She understands she’ s very hot. She knows you recognize she ‘ s warm. Discussing it merely visiting be mundane as hell. Make an effort to produce of your mind, those long legs, delectable arcs and spectacular eyes. You require to make an effort and also discover that psychological and also mental link in between the 2 of you and also’ s going to stem from either learning, skill-sets or even life expertise.

Even if you presume you possess no life knowledge, remember you are actually from a various lifestyle. Every point you discovered growing is actually a prospective source of rate of interest to her, because of it being actually from a different culture. Merely be actually prepared to speak about and also look into those points as well as you will be actually alright.

If you prefer even more of a small town, country girl, then Latvian Mail Order russian mail order brides might be only your rate.

Respect the Native Land

No concern what your political bent is, only keep in mind that to a lot of Russian females, Russian is actually still the greatest and also the most attractive country made. This may seem like an odd outlook when you are talking to a woman that is searching for a guy from outdoors her nation however rest assured, in her mind, she will have dealt withthat paradox as well as even withcertainly not desiring a Russian guy, and also even disregarding the simple fact that she is examining leaving her country, she is perhaps still extremely happy withRussia.

At the extreme, if you have one thing unfavorable to mention regarding Putin & hellip; also regarding Stalin, only always remember, she is actually being actually patriotic, in her technique, and also you need to have to value her, even when you don’ t respect the important things she values.

Otherwise, she may consider a disrespect for her country to be a lack of respect for her. Wondering how correct this is actually? Well & hellip; let’ s merely mention that I discovered my course the hard way. Don’ t be senseless like I was actually.

Be positive

When wooing a Russian girl, absolutely nothing works far better than boldness as well as self-confidence. Ton of money plays favorites the vibrant and if you desire that Russian gal, you have to be actually direct in your approach. This is actually vital when making your first relocation considering that these females appreciation assurance, assertiveness, and toughness.

If for any sort of factor you feature weak spot, russian mail order brides at that point you are going to drop the possibility of going out withthat great girl. So, if you possess issue making the initial technique, you need to review your strategy. Perform your finest to wield your self-confidence as well as show peace of mind, even thoughyou are actually video recording chatting or even texting. If it doesn’ t happened naturally, inform on your own that this girl is actually the one who registered first to meet you. A woman’ s foreknowledge is powerful, and also every Russian female is going to inform you that they find a self-assured and also strong male seductive.

Family is important to Russian girls

Out of the numerous points that are very important in the life of a Russian woman, family tops the checklist. They count on to start a family members very soon. Unless they tell you one thing different, understand that your new bride to be will likely anticipate little ones at some time, particularly if she doesn’ t possess any currently.

Don’ t fail to remember that these girls originate from big family members. Most of these family members usually tend to become inviting and warm and comfortable, so long as you treat them effectively as well as imitate a gentleman. Down the road, if you can easily invite her into your loved ones, it will make factors 10 opportunities less complicated on her. That are going to pay benefits in making your life less complicated, too!

Bài viết russian mail order brides đã xuất hiện đầu tiên vào ngày Nhà Đất Đà Nẵng.

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syrolecep-blog · 5 years

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Russian online dating sites

The 4 Best Online Dating Sites in Russia The personal ads on the site are categorized into 5 different groups: males looking for other males, males looking for females, females looking for males, females looking for females, and dating for couples. Then you have thousands of singles to choose from. It is a cost-effective online dating service better than many marriage agencies. LovePlanet was started in 2005 and is one of the largest dating sites for Russian speakers, with around 18. Looking for marriage, the dating site you choose as your platform is extremely important. Especially nowadays many Russian women study foreign languages and learn about other cultures, so you will always have a couple of topics to discuss with your girl on your dates or when communicating via Bridesdating.

Free Russian dating. Advanced search. All of the ladies on LadaDate have undergone the verification process, so you can be sure that you are having a conversation with a real person. With more than 30 million members and 35 million monthly visitors from 25 different countries speaking more than eight different languages, is a fantastic option for Russian singles or people looking for Russian singles. In so doing, we avoid the complications of language barriers and cultural stereotyping, all of which is achieved through designing and maintaining modern, innovative communication facilities. One unique chat option on the site is Anonymous Chats where you can select a spot anywhere on the globe, see which chats are live in the area, and join in on the conversation. There are such gestures that directly hint that a particular girl likes you.

Free Russian dating. Advanced search. According to the site slogan, it is easy to guess who makes up the core membership and that is Eastern Europe single women. But you need to speak a little bit Russian as most members on the site can speak Russian only and do not understand English. These are all the steps you need to take to begin your searching for true love. Join our dating site to meet a respectable Russian or Ukrainian girl with whom you'll build a healthy relationship. Some posts are all in fun If you could go back in time for just one day, where would you go and why? Get our free membership and never feel lonely again! Likewise, Slavic girls are one of the hottest ladies in the world you know what we mean. You may date her right now without any doubts! Where as many years ago it was not so easy to verify any Russian women you met online, today is a totally different matter indeed. Informative profiles, fast communication, powerful advanced search, easy sign up process make many men from all over the world choose Beauties-of-ukraine.

Free Russian dating. Advanced search. However, Cute Only is one of those mail order bride websites that is primarily focused on making the matches between absolutely beautiful eastern European women and western men. No wonder sometimes your preference is to find a model like woman from Eastern Europe for dating. That is why you don't need to fill thousands of application forms to sign in. Indeed, an online dating site is a great platform for a single looking for marriage. Besides, you will need to upload your photo. Every year hundreds of foreigners come there to meet and date Russian singles who are known to make perfect romantic partners. Brides from Ukraine might also surprise you with their cooking skills.

Online Dating Site You can meet Russian women even find a woman for marriage. Russian Girls Dating Online dating sites have become increasingly popular among people of different ages and all walks of life. Another problem is a lack of time for dating. We want you to be satisfied not only with a quality of service but also with your further relationships. This way you can easily see when new messages come in or when someone has favorited you or sent you a compliment.

The 4 Best Online Dating Sites in Russia To bring out the best sides of these astonishing ladies, make sure you join Bridesdating. There is a lot more to share besides your basic information, including hobbies and interests, personality questions, and CupidTags, custom keywords to describe your personality and lifestyle. Petersburg has a lot of Russiancupid. It is evident that the process of finding a soulmate is not an easy one, but with LadaDate it can become more pleasant. They have been raised to complement, nurture and respect their men, even the ones hailing from the most impoverished of conditions; they continue to remain positive, open-minded, happy, playful, fun, spontaneous, warm and affectionate. We are sure that the best brides in the world are Slavic girls.

Online Russian Girls Dating with Marry Brides Here we narrow it down and hope to help you find genuine Russian dating site much easier. In Mother Russia, website date you. This is thanks to the information and photos they publish in their profiles. Some men will upload photos of them when they were twenty years younger, this is not a good idea. Women Ukraine is going to be a commendable option if you are looking for Ukrainian women who are looking forward to start a family with a foreign man.

Free Russian dating. Advanced search. Perhaps, you liked some girl in your childhood or in your school years. You should know this fact, and dating a Ukrainian woman never call her Russian. Online dating sites have been gaining a lot of exposure over the previous couple of years. A wife's role has been to take care of a husband and children and manage a household. Beautiful and interesting women are only a few clicks away.

Online Dating Site Today we are going to help you define those questions as well as talk about legal things to know before getting married. Not sure why your car deserves its own text box, but there you go. As well, you can eventually get a chance to send a present to the girl you communicate with most of the time — absolutely free! Be Happy 2 Day is specifically suitable for Western men who wish to. Every international dating site is a good teacher of showing affection to women from different countries. Of course, appearance is not the main criterion when you look for a serious relationship, but be ready that your online date will be hot.

GoDateNow — Online Dating Ukrainian They are feminine, family-oriented, loyal, hard-working, and sincere. Founded in 2011, the platform works as do most other dating sites, but perhaps the biggest difference is the expert information provided on the homepage. How to spot negging and cease it forever? While this is a helpful feature, it feels a bit dated, as there are many sites these days which provide notifications just like this through Google Chrome, with no need to install a separate program. At any given time when you enter the site, you will see over 50,000 members online. The site was founded in 2010, and the folks behind the site are totally understanding of your desire to date an international man or woman.

#International #Dating #Website #&#Mail #Order #Brides

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presta-hero · 5 years

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What sort of Romantic Relationships Ukrainian Girls Look For?

You may know already numerous things that are valuable Ukrainian girls. But, there’s something we now haven’t tackled yet: the conception that is ukrainian of intimate relationships. Indeed, without having any information about just just exactly exactly how Ukrainian ladies imagine a perfect relationship, you certainly will scarcely manage to overcome a heart of the prospective bride. Solitary men all over the world ask themselves a concern whether or not it is feasible to get a perfect match in Ukraine or otherwise not. Well, there is certainly very good news for them! Ukrainian girls are actually regarded as being The marriage materials that are best among other Slavic women. You need to just learn how to approach them within the right method.

Historic understanding

Ukrainian nationwide tradition is rooted into the deep past. Needless to say, numerous regional traditions and values may appear perplexing to foreigners. Throughout the centuries, this culture had been organised in clans comprising a few generations regarding the exact same household. Today, the specific situation is comparable. Contemporary Ukrainians keep strong connections due to their household members – and these connections are evidently more powerful than into the West. In terms of partners, their organization can be various. Westerners typically try to find partnership in relationships yet in Ukraine, a guy is meant to be a frontrunner.

Today’s changes

The world nowadays passes through different modifications. And additionally this also relates the conception of love relationships. Feminist propaganda works: feamales in Western Europe as well as the United States Of America get independent and emancipated. May seem like they don’t need any men’s support and help any longer. In Ukraine, the problem is notably various. Yes, local women additionally battle to build jobs and be successful really and expertly. Nonetheless, they’ve been nevertheless more feminine than their sisters that are western which means that these are typically in searches of real males.

Which kind of guys is required?

www.brightbrides.net/ The core component of a relationship that is healthy compatibility. Lovers must have comparable views of big dilemmas, aspects of interest, life priorities and objectives, character characteristics etc. A regular Ukrainian like any other woman woman searches for a good match. In addition, you can find a collection of merits she typically falls for in other words. fidelity, candour, kindness, braininess, self- confidence, and bravery. Masculinity gets increasingly more today that is questionable. But ladies that are ukrainian absolutely looking for mannish lovers. As you are able tosee, it is very hard to phone them particular or capricious.

Concern associated with the step that is first

This dilemma is straight associated with just exactly exactly what we’ve been speaking about above. Some guys don’t really think they have to be courteous and initiative today. Contemporary girls are expected to be equal with dudes so nobody gets amazed by a female asking her potential male date away. Yet in Ukraine, the custom that is old preserved. Right right right Here, a guy manages what sort of relationship will develop. Needless to say, girls are liberated to result in the very first moves first, nevertheless they instead choose dropping tips of liking alternatively of showing their love for a guy. Consequently, don’t hesitate to simply take the effort whenever it is necessary!

Dividing obligations in a couple of

Usually, duties of a guy in Ukraine had been to end up being the relative mind of their household, to make cash to be able to feed their spouse and kiddies, to safeguard them, also to figure out the program their family members should follow. A lady, in her change, did most of the housework, raised young ones, and obeyed her husband. Contemporary people that are ukrainian to check out habits lent through the West – in a few, two different people are equals. Which means that your potential Ukrainian spouse will anticipate you to definitely help her and share her workload.

Boundaries: just how to set

Clearly, the conception of individual room in Ukraine as well as in the Western globe varies. In Western Europe and also the United States Of America, individuals are usually individualists. a normal westerner isn’t willing to share the base of their head. Ukrainians are evidently more available to strangers. They might be much less extroversive as Russians. However they had been constantly understood for his or her tolerant and inviting nature. In addition, Ukrainian ladies are generally speaking Straightforward – in spite of being mysterious and ladylike. In regards toto establishing boundaries, stay away from getting too individual too quickly and Touching topics that are intimate chatting to such a woman. Gentlemanlike dudes are often attractive for Ukrainian women!

Destiny of a female

The thought of fate is among the main in Ukrainian tradition. When you look at the view of Ukrainian girls, a life that is true just once in a life. That’s why dating isn’t the plain thing they just just just take irresponsibly. Whenever this type of woman satisfies a brand brand brand new man, she evaluates their convenience of becoming a loving spouse for her and a caring daddy because of their children that are future. In reality, many Westerners choose Ukrainian wives because those are family-oriented. Therefore a long-lasting and healthier relationship is typically an objective of any girl you meet on Ukrainian internet dating sites.

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